CN1195272A - Electric liquid heating vessels - Google Patents
Electric liquid heating vessels Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1195272A CN1195272A CN 97190686 CN97190686A CN1195272A CN 1195272 A CN1195272 A CN 1195272A CN 97190686 CN97190686 CN 97190686 CN 97190686 A CN97190686 A CN 97190686A CN 1195272 A CN1195272 A CN 1195272A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- glassy layer
- container
- stainless steel
- steel
- layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47J—KITCHEN EQUIPMENT; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; APPARATUS FOR MAKING BEVERAGES
- A47J27/00—Cooking-vessels
- A47J27/21—Water-boiling vessels, e.g. kettles
- A47J27/21008—Water-boiling vessels, e.g. kettles electrically heated
- A47J27/21041—Water-boiling vessels, e.g. kettles electrically heated with heating elements arranged outside the water vessel
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47J—KITCHEN EQUIPMENT; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; APPARATUS FOR MAKING BEVERAGES
- A47J27/00—Cooking-vessels
- A47J27/21—Water-boiling vessels, e.g. kettles
- A47J27/21166—Constructional details or accessories
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47J—KITCHEN EQUIPMENT; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; APPARATUS FOR MAKING BEVERAGES
- A47J36/00—Parts, details or accessories of cooking-vessels
- A47J36/02—Selection of specific materials, e.g. heavy bottoms with copper inlay or with insulating inlay
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47J—KITCHEN EQUIPMENT; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; APPARATUS FOR MAKING BEVERAGES
- A47J36/00—Parts, details or accessories of cooking-vessels
- A47J36/42—Devices to prevent deposition of scale, i.e. fur, or the like
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
- H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
- H05B3/26—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base
- H05B3/262—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base the insulating base being an insulated metal plate
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
- Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)
- Cookers (AREA)
- Prevention Of Electric Corrosion (AREA)
Abstract
There is disclosed a method of preventing corrosion of the liquid contacting surface of a stainless steel base part of an electric liquid heating vessel. According to the method the surface is provided with a layer of glass, glass ceramic or ceramic. The surface is preferably pre-treated by grit blasting with alumina grit having a nominal size of 180-220 mesh. The grit blasting technique may be used to treat other steel surfaces which are to receive a glass layer.
Description
The present invention relates to electric liquid heating vessels, more particularly, relate to such container, it comprises a bottom, and this bottom has a stainless steel liquid contact surface.
The heating vessel that has the stainless steel bottom is widely known by the people, and these containers can be configured such that entire container, the end or only have the part at the end to be made by stainless steel that the remainder of container is made as plastics by other material.It is because it has the relatively low coefficient of heat conduction and can effectively completely cut off heat from heating element heater that stainless steel is used for this class container, for example, is used for preventing to damage owing to temperature is too high the plastic components of container when element over-temperature, as sidewall.During use, the inwall of this class container contacts with heated liquid, and particularly, the end of container is always covered by heated liquid to a certain extent.So the stainless steel inner surface of container is subjected to the corrosiveness of liquid in containers, this corrosiveness is even more serious under the operating temperature of container and during the continuous heating and cooling of stainless steel.
This corrosion is to the stainless steel surfaces especially severe of the electric-heating container of water, because the chlorion in the water can enter the indenture or the defective of stainless steel surfaces, accelerates the electrochemical reaction between the stainless steel constituent, is called pitting (pitting corrosion).At stainless steel, in Britain trade mark BS340, chlorion has also quickened the stress corrosion that stainless steel is subject to.In addition, the bird nest deposition in the boiling water can make some stainless steel produce crevice corrosion (crevice corrosion).
Under the situation below at the bottom of the heating element heater of electric liquid heating vessels is to place the stainless steel of container, for the liquid in the heating container, container bottom constantly is heated the element heating, result that bottom temp is high has further strengthened above-mentioned etching problem.
In order to overcome etching problem, known a kind of method is that the inside stainless steel surfaces to electric liquid heating vessels polishes or milled processed, to remove oxide and the defective that causes pitting on the surface.Yet, grinding and polishing process needs high speed machines, these machines not only greatly but also expensive and after polishing, can not prevent stainless corrosion fully.
So, according to the present invention, provide on a kind of liquid contact stainless steel surfaces that prevents electric liquid heating vessels bottom corroding method has taken place, wherein, provide one deck glass on the stainless steel surfaces, glass ceramics or ceramic layer (below be generically and collectively referred to as " glass ").
By one deck glass is provided on the container bottom surface, can prevents liquid in the container and the contact between the stainless steel fully, thereby can avoid corrosion fully.Glassy layer also provides a hard and abrasion-resistant coating, and it can prevent that bird nest from forming, but it allows to remove the bird nest deposition with chemistry or mechanical friction method.Glassy layer can also prevent in the liquid in metal ion is from the bottom deposit to the container.
Bottom and heating vessel can form one, and at this moment, the inner stainless steel surfaces of other of container also can provide one deck glass, in order to prevent corrosion.Yet the bottom also can be discrete parts of stainless steel, for example, and a plate, the bottom interior surface of formation container, or the part of bottom inside surface.At this moment, the other parts of container can be made by nonmetallic materials (as plastics).
The bottom can place below the heating element heater of heating vessel of assembling, still, when the bottom when its downside provides a heating element heater, method advantageous particularly of the present invention.This underlying heating element heater may be that for example, an armouring heating element heater preferably provides a heat diffuser, or a thick-film printed heating element heater.Such baffle heater has disclosed in WO96/18331, and a heated metal plate has been introduced in this invention, and it forms at least a portion of heating vessel bottom, and this heating vessel comprises to be used to groove, is used to block the overhanging portion of chamber wall.
Usually, the thick-film printed heating element heater of this bottom downside is arranged on the glassy layer between the stainless steel surfaces of heating element heater and bottom, bottom, so, be electric insulation between stainless steel bottom and the heating element heater.By this structure, the present invention also has other advantage, the glassy layer of bottom upside can balance the bottom because the different gravitation that cause of the coefficient of thermal expansion between stainless steel and the glassy layer, bending bottom this stress can cause.The counterbalance effect of two bottom sides glassy layer has been strengthened the structure of bottom, does not need the strengthening groove described in WO96/18331 bottom being enough to make, and like this, the bottom is flat basically.
So, according to another aspect of the invention, providing a thick-film printed heater, it comprises that one is flat steel substrate basically, provides one deck glass on its two facing surfaces.By this method, can obtain the thin heater of simple plane design, simultaneously, guarantee the mechanical strength of heater.
It can be identical that used glass is gone up on each surface of substrate.Typically, with the thickness that forms the glassy layer of resistance heated film thereon be the 100-150 μ m order of magnitude.
Best, layer glass is layed onto on the bottom simultaneously in manufacturing process, then, fires simultaneously.
When using the underneath type heater, heat passes to the liquid from heating element heater by the bottom, so bottom itself also is heated the element heating, accelerates corrosion like this.Yet, importantly select suitable thickness of glass, so, can prevent corrosion effectively by guaranteeing a continuous pore-free layer, still, the heat that passes to the liquid from the bottom can not reduce significantly.One suitable thickness generally is not more than 15 μ m, preferably less than 10 μ m.Minimum thickness that it is generally acknowledged available continuous pore-free glassy layer is 5-7 μ m, and this also is most preferred thickness.Certainly, the necessary thickness of glassy layer will depend on used glass, may a glassy layer greater than 15 μ m must be arranged, yet a kind of like this thickness of glassy layer be generally less than 1mm.
Glassy layer can be opaque or transparent.This opaque material may be colored or or even have decorative pattern, in order to increase its aesthetic appearance of bottom.Equally, when using transparent material, the stainless steel of bottom will polish or provide a pattern, also is in order to increase its aesthetic appearance of bottom.
Glassy layer can be any suitable material, for example, and soda-lime glass (as EPSOM GLASSINDUSTRIES 3169/150 glass powder).Usually, glass applied in the powder mode by screen printing (screen printing), trans-printing (transfer printing), electricity sound deposition (electrophoreticdeposition), decalcomania (decal transfer), winding lamination (tape lamination), electrostatic spraying methods such as (electrostativ spraying) before firing.
The invention still further relates to the stainless steel bottom that is used for an electric liquid heating vessels, a glassy layer is arranged on the surface thereon.The present invention also further relates to the electric liquid heating vessels that has this bottom.
The invention also discloses about making the improvement of heating element heater and resistance, specifically, relate to the improvement of the manufacture view of so-called thick film screen printing element and resistance.
This element and resistance typically comprise a metallic substrates of being made by polishing stainless steel usually, deposit a glass (glass as defined above) insulating barrier on it.One thick-film resistor film is arranged on insulating barrier.In order to obtain a surface of being satisfied with so that insulating barrier is easy to bonding thereon, metallic substrates is carried out pre-oxidation by heat treatment or chemical method usually.Yet this operation is expensive, particularly when using stainless steel because it normally uses very expensive pre-polish(ing) steel, particularly afterwards polishing effect again oxidized operation offset.In addition, on stainless steel surfaces, typically provide a protectiveness plastic foil (plastic foil itself needs extra cost again).Before further handling, this film is by manually taking off from each element.This is an expensive and harsh operation.In these operating process, do not wish the steel surface of scratch polishing, and do not allow on the polished steel surface, to stay finger mark.
Existing method is insecure, also be irrational, and be subject to the influence of many factors, these factors influence again conversely glass are bonded in the substrate, from another viewpoint, the present invention makes every effort to provide a method more cheaply and more reliably by the pretreating surface that can accept an insulating barrier.
From this point, the invention provides a kind of preliminary treatment steel surface, the method of stainless steel surfaces preferably, this surface is used to accept the electrical insulation glass layer, and this glassy layer is used to form resistive film, wherein, above-mentioned surface is to carry out blasting treatment (grit blasted) with dry and clean abrasive material.
So, according to the present invention, a metal surface, preferably a stainless steel metal surface was carried out sand and is handled before accepting insulating barrier.This method is more cheap than heat treatment and chemical treatment basically, handles clean surface but it will provide once chemical method, and it also will provide a suitable connection bonded layer (key) for insulating barrier.This means also and can use unpolished stainless steel to be used as original material that it is more relatively cheap than the stainless steel of polishing.This method provides consistent surface for the deposition of glassy layer, and provides the bonding of uniformity more for glassy layer.
Very importantly used sand should be clean and dry.If not so, impurity (as oil) can deposition from the teeth outwards, when firing insulating barrier, its can carbonization, thereby causes between glassy layer and the substrate part not exclusively bonding.In addition, if sandstone is moist, moisture may deposit from the teeth outwards, the meeting corrosion products, and it can cause that again formation is unsatisfied bonding between insulating barrier and the substrate.The sandblast operation can be removed the conservation of nature surface of steel effectively, and this just means if having impurity or moisture content, will form corrosion on the steel surface in several seconds, both just also can be like this on stainless steel.
Can purify sand and dry with the device that can buy on common or other market.For example, can utilize inertia to remove dust and other particle from sand, in addition, air that is used for drying or gas also must use common method (for example, with the equipment that can buy on the market) to carry out drying and de-oiling.This point is very important, and any oil of deposition all can cause unsatisfied bonding on the surface.
It is found that, can obtain satisfied especially result as sand-blasting abrasive with aluminium oxide.This is considered to because aluminium oxide is compatible with the vitreous insulating material that is generally used in the thick film heater, if after handling, the residue of sand keeps from the teeth outwards, and they can not damage glassy layer.
It is found that,, also can obtain satisfied treatment effect by other method (for example using aloxite paper) mill surface with aluminium oxide as the alternative of carrying out sandblast with alumina abrasive.A kind of these class methods are that aloxite paper is fixed on the lathe, allow the steel surface contact with the paper that rotates.From wideer angle, the invention provides the method on a kind of preliminary treatment steel surface, the electrical insulation glass layer is accepted on this surface, and this glassy layer is used for forming resistive film thereon, and wherein, grind by alumina particle on above-mentioned surface.
The steel base of deposition glass dielectric layer is stainless steel preferably, and preferably board-like.In a kind of trial that reduces the material cost, suggestion is reduced to 0.5mm with the thickness of this plate among the WO96/18331.Usually in the sandblast operation,, abrasive jet enlarged the surface thereby forming the hole to the surface.On a thin plate, the distortion that this can cause plate causes being difficult to successfully deposit glass dielectric layer.Yet, it is found that this distortion can reduce to minimum by the full-size that limits used sand grains.In addition, if used sand grains is too big, resulting surface also just may be too coarse, and can not deposit glassy layer easily.It is found that, the maximum nominal size of abrasive material is restricted to 100 orders (diameter is 152 μ m) can obtains satisfied result.
On the other hand, the invention provides the method on a kind of preliminary treatment steel surface, preferably a surface of steel plate, it is used to accept the electrical insulation glass layer, this glassy layer is used to form resistive film, and wherein, above-mentioned surface is about 100 purpose abrasive materials with maximum nominal size and carries out blasting treatment.
Best, be the abrasive material of 120-150 order (maximum nominal size is 100 orders) with nominal size, be that the abrasive material of 180-220 order (maximum nominal size is 150 orders (104 μ m)) is better with nominal size.Usually, the abrasive material size is more little, and fineness is good more.
It is found that, come treatment surface with 120-150 purpose abrasive material, obtaining between the peak point is the high roughness of 5 μ m, comes treatment surface with 180-220 purpose abrasive material, and obtaining between the peak point is the high roughness of 2 μ m.
Although might only handle the surface of the plate that will accept resistive film, preferably the both sides of disposable plates.Like this can balance because the stress that blasting treatment produced, thereby reduce distortion.When the another side of plate itself has a glassy layer, be used for electric insulation or as protective effect, this is described in front, preferably carry out this operation this moment.On the other hand, the invention provides a kind of by blasting treatment steel plate both sides to accept the method for glassy layer respectively.Certainly, if only need a glassy layer is added on the liquid contact surface of bottom, only need prepare this surface with sandblast technology.
In case the surface is through blasting treatment, can be with any suitable purification method, as use the method (this method can provide clean and dry air to flow) of a kind of what is called " air knife ", remove remaining sand or dust.Can also come clean surface with solvent, to guarantee not having the oil deposition from the teeth outwards.
After this, can glass dielectric layer be layed onto on the surface treated with suitable method, for example, glass can carry out screen printing with traditional method, also can be with the electrostatic methods of introducing among the GB2306873, the ceramic component form is not burnt in the preformed of introducing among the most handy WO97/01259.
The invention still further relates to a kind of steel surface of handling with the inventive method; A kind of heater, this heater comprises the surface of handling with the present invention; And a kind of heating vessel, this container comprises that one is fixed in this heater of its bottom.
Further the present invention is carried out non-limiting introduction with reference to example below.
With Vacublast Ventus 90S bellows (it comprises the abrasive material cleaning equipment), utilize nominal size for 180-220 purpose Vacublast ' A ' level vacuum air blowing oxidation aluminium abrasive material to a type for introduce among the WO96/18331, thickness carries out blasting treatment for the SS306 stainless-steel sheet of 0.5mm.Air through de-oiling and purified treatment is provided to the bellows from ' Compair ' compressor, and this compressor is furnished with a special-purpose air drier and an oil strainer, and it is air-dried to and makes its dew point be-40 ℃.
The surface of steel plate had been about under the pressure of 80-90psi sandblast about 1 minute.After the sandblast, eliminate lip-deep dust and foreign material, use solvent scouring, and then remove once with air knife with air knife.
After the cleaning, be about the thick insulating glass layer of 16 μ m with traditional method with one and be imprinted on the surface treated, fire then.The resulting layer of firing is bonded on the steel plate securely, even the steel plate bending 45 can not break away from yet.
From top description as can be seen, in a broad sense, of the present invention this proposed on the one hand with the electrical insulation glass laminating before the metal surface, method with the blasting treatment metal surface, this method of the present invention, compare with the method for former people suggestion, provide low price but the method for the identical processing substrate of effect.It also provides the more suitable method of method than technology before above-mentioned, because it is to generate rather than attempt to keep and handle one to have the surface now.
Must be clear that the multiple method that the present invention is put into practice to the people who is familiar with this technology.These methods, both just this paper was not concrete proposes, and also all is included in the category of the present invention.
Claims (20)
1. one kind prevents stainless steel bottom liquid contact surface corroding method in the electric liquid heating vessels, wherein, and the glassy layer on the described surface defined in formation one literary composition.
2. on the upper surface of a stainless steel bottom that is used for electric liquid heating vessels a glassy layer is arranged.
3. an electric liquid heating vessels comprises a bottom as claimed in claim 2.
4. as the described method of top each claim, bottom or container, wherein, the bottom is the independent component of heating vessel.
5. method as claimed in claim 4, bottom or container, wherein, the part of plastic liquid heating container is formed on the bottom.
6. as the described method of top each claim, bottom or container, wherein, a heating element heater is arranged below the bottom.
7. method as claimed in claim 6, bottom or heating vessel, wherein, heating element heater is the thick film screen printing heating element heater.
8. as the described method of top arbitrary claim, bottom or container, wherein, the thickness of glassy layer is not more than 15 μ m.
9. method as claimed in claim 8, bottom or container, wherein, the thickness of glassy layer is not more than 10 μ m.
10. method as claimed in claim 9, bottom or container, wherein, the thickness of glassy layer is between 5-7 μ m.
11. the method on a preliminary treatment steel surface, this surface is used to accept the electrical insulation glass layer, and this glassy layer is used to form resistive film, and wherein, blasting treatment is carried out with abrasive material dry and that purify in above-mentioned surface.
12. method as claimed in claim 11, wherein, the steel surface is a stainless steel surfaces.
13. method as claimed in claim 11, wherein, abrasive material is an alumina abrasive.
14. as the described method of claim 11 to 13, wherein, the nominal particle size of abrasive material maximum is about 100 orders.
15. method as claimed in claim 14, wherein, the abrasive material nominal size is the 120-150 order.
16. method as claimed in claim 14, wherein, the abrasive material nominal size is the 180-220 order.
17. the method on a preliminary treatment steel surface, this surface is used to accept the electrical insulation glass layer, and this glassy layer is used to form resistive film, and wherein, grind with alumina particles on above-mentioned surface.
18. a preliminary treatment steel surface is preferably the method for surface of steel plate, this surface is used to accept the electrical insulation glass layer, and this glassy layer is used to form resistive film, and wherein, above-mentioned surface is about 100 purpose abrasive materials with maximum nominal particle size and carries out blasting treatment.
19. one kind by blasting treatment steel plate both sides to accept the method for glassy layer respectively.
20. a thick film screen printing heater comprises that one is flat steel base basically, it is provided on two relative surfaces, all forms the glassy layer defined in the literary composition above.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GBGB9612357.5A GB9612357D0 (en) | 1996-06-13 | 1996-06-13 | Electric liquid heating vessels |
| GB9612357.5 | 1996-06-13 | ||
| GB9613028.1 | 1996-06-21 | ||
| GBGB9613028.1A GB9613028D0 (en) | 1996-06-21 | 1996-06-21 | Heating elements |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1195272A true CN1195272A (en) | 1998-10-07 |
Family
ID=26309503
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 97190686 Pending CN1195272A (en) | 1996-06-13 | 1997-06-13 | Electric liquid heating vessels |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0910267A1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1195272A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2331219B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1997047223A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2009015535A1 (en) * | 2007-07-27 | 2009-02-05 | Kevin Lin | Electric heating container and electric heating method |
| CN102076126A (en) * | 2010-01-07 | 2011-05-25 | 张鸿鸣 | Metal base plate glass ceramic electric heater and electrical heating appliance |
| CN102341218A (en) * | 2009-10-23 | 2012-02-01 | Cmt建筑机械及技术股份公司 | Method for the treatment of steel surfaces, particularly of cheesemaking machines |
| CN110274097A (en) * | 2018-03-17 | 2019-09-24 | 深圳市艺水科技有限公司 | A kind of heating device and its processing method for corrosive liquids |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2775576B1 (en) * | 1998-03-04 | 2000-05-05 | Seb Sa | PROCESS FOR AVOIDING THE ADHESION OF CALCIUM ON A HEATING BASE IN STAINLESS STEEL OF A KETTLE |
| WO2000028866A1 (en) * | 1998-11-16 | 2000-05-25 | Schreitmueller Bernd | Electric kettle |
| JP3858811B2 (en) * | 2002-11-22 | 2006-12-20 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | rice cooker |
| DE10302594A1 (en) * | 2003-01-22 | 2004-07-29 | Oellerich, Jörn | Surface preparation of plastic, in particular carbon fiber reinforced plastic, surfaces, involves use of a gas jet containing abrasive |
| GB2470368A (en) * | 2009-05-19 | 2010-11-24 | Sagentia Ltd | A glass kettle with a heating element comprising a film coating of semiconducting material |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2692426B1 (en) * | 1992-06-11 | 1994-08-26 | Seb Sa | Heating plate for heating container, in particular for kettle. |
| GB2283155B (en) * | 1993-10-21 | 1997-08-06 | Otter Controls Ltd | Improvements relating to electrically heated water boiling vessels |
| GB9512559D0 (en) * | 1995-06-21 | 1995-08-23 | Strix Ltd | Printed heating elements |
| DE29513126U1 (en) * | 1995-08-16 | 1995-10-19 | AKO-ISMET Elektrogeräte GmbH & Co. KG, 88353 Kißlegg | cooking pot |
-
1997
- 1997-06-13 GB GB9827497A patent/GB2331219B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-06-13 EP EP97926114A patent/EP0910267A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-06-13 WO PCT/GB1997/001598 patent/WO1997047223A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-06-13 CN CN 97190686 patent/CN1195272A/en active Pending
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2009015535A1 (en) * | 2007-07-27 | 2009-02-05 | Kevin Lin | Electric heating container and electric heating method |
| US20100224618A1 (en) * | 2007-07-27 | 2010-09-09 | Kevin Lin | Electric heating container and electric heating method |
| CN102341218A (en) * | 2009-10-23 | 2012-02-01 | Cmt建筑机械及技术股份公司 | Method for the treatment of steel surfaces, particularly of cheesemaking machines |
| CN102076126A (en) * | 2010-01-07 | 2011-05-25 | 张鸿鸣 | Metal base plate glass ceramic electric heater and electrical heating appliance |
| CN110274097A (en) * | 2018-03-17 | 2019-09-24 | 深圳市艺水科技有限公司 | A kind of heating device and its processing method for corrosive liquids |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2331219B (en) | 2000-11-22 |
| GB9827497D0 (en) | 1999-02-10 |
| WO1997047223A1 (en) | 1997-12-18 |
| EP0910267A1 (en) | 1999-04-28 |
| GB2331219A (en) | 1999-05-12 |
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| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C02 | Deemed withdrawal of patent application after publication (patent law 2001) | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |