CN119185621A - 一种高透气超吸水纸尿裤垫片及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种高透气超吸水纸尿裤垫片及其制备方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN119185621A
CN119185621A CN202411678168.8A CN202411678168A CN119185621A CN 119185621 A CN119185621 A CN 119185621A CN 202411678168 A CN202411678168 A CN 202411678168A CN 119185621 A CN119185621 A CN 119185621A
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China
Prior art keywords
soybean protein
fiber
modified soybean
pad
super
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CN202411678168.8A
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CN119185621B (zh
Inventor
杨辉煌
杨冰科
杨东方
陈棋榕
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Quanzhou Baishida Non Woven Fabric Co ltd
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Quanzhou Baishida Non Woven Fabric Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种高透气超吸水纸尿裤垫片及其制备方法，属于纸尿裤垫片技术领域，包括从上至下的防护层、吸收层和防反渗层，所述防护层由抗菌改性大豆蛋白粘胶纤维、聚酯纤维和ES纤维组成，所述吸收层由超吸水纤维和抗菌改性大豆蛋白粘胶纤维组成，所述防反渗层由超吸水纤维和抗菌改性大豆蛋白粘胶纤维组成。本发明采用三层非织造布结构，孔径、亲水性和杂乱度渐变，可加快尿液吸收、防止反渗；本发明对大豆蛋白处理，提高亲水性、抗菌性和透气性，双亲性可让尿液更快扩散被吸收、调节吸水平衡；本发明利用甘露醇、甲基丙烯酸六氟丁酯等成分，使纤维具有优异的吸水性，降低了表面能，嵌段共聚物与聚丙烯酸钠形成网络结构，提高吸水性和透气性。

Description

一种高透气超吸水纸尿裤垫片及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于纸尿裤垫片技术领域，尤其涉及一种高透气超吸水纸尿裤垫片及其制备方法。
背景技术
纸尿裤作为一种常用的卫生用品，旨在为使用者提供方便、舒适且能有效处理排泄物的功能。在纸尿裤垫片的材料方面，常见的有多种纤维材料。其中粘胶纤维以天然纤维为原料制成，其化学结构与天然纤维素纤维相同，制成的织物具有一定的吸湿散热性、柔软性以及生物可降解性。然而，普通的粘胶纤维在接触尿液时存在抗菌性不足的问题，尿液中的细菌容易在纤维表面滋生繁殖，这不仅会产生异味，还可能对使用者的皮肤健康造成威胁。此外，纸尿裤吸水材料吸水速度不够快或者吸水容量有限。当尿液产生量较大时，可能无法及时有效地吸收，造成尿液泄漏，给使用者带来不便。而且在吸水过程中，如果材料对尿液的铺展性能差，尿液容易在垫片表面聚集形成液滴，而不是快速被吸收到内部，这也影响了纸尿裤的使用效果。在透气性方面，传统材料和结构可能会限制空气在纸尿裤内的流通。如果空气不能有效流通，纸尿裤内部的湿度会增加，闷热感增强，同样会让使用者感到不适。
发明内容
针对上述情况，为克服现有技术的缺陷，本发明通过对纸尿裤垫片的三层结构改性，实现了纸尿裤垫片高透气、超吸水和抗菌的功能。
为了实现上述目的，采用了如下技术方案：本发明提供了一种高透气超吸水纸尿裤垫片，包括从上至下的防护层、吸收层和防反渗层，所述防护层由抗菌改性大豆蛋白粘胶纤维、聚酯纤维和ES纤维组成，所述吸收层由超吸水纤维和抗菌改性大豆蛋白粘胶纤维组成，所述防反渗层由超吸水纤维和抗菌改性大豆蛋白粘胶纤维组成。
进一步地，所述亲水改性粘胶纤维通过以下步骤制备：
（1）将大豆蛋白加入到去离子水中，然后在水浴下加入2-巯基乙醇和十二烷基苯磺酸钠，30-60℃反应1-3h得到巯基接枝的改性大豆蛋白，再加入12-溴-1-十二碳烯和二乙烯三胺五甲叉膦酸，反应1-1.5h得到亲水改性大豆蛋白；
（2）将聚乙烯醇加入到去离子水中，再加入亲水改性大豆蛋白和引发剂，搅拌均匀后，进行静电纺丝，经过洗涤、脱水、烘干后得到所述抗菌改性大豆蛋白粘胶纤维。
进一步地，所述超吸水纤维通过以下步骤制备：
S1、在氮气气氛下向四氢呋喃中加入氢化钠，在-5℃冰浴下缓慢滴加咪唑并[1,2-A]吡啶-3-基甲醇，滴加完成后恢复室温，反应12-16h，然后加入二溴甘露醇，再继续反应3-5h，过滤，将滤液浓缩后加入到过量的石油醚和乙酸乙酯的混合溶液，通过硅藻土过滤，减压除去溶剂后，得到嵌段共聚亲水单体；
S2、将苄基双(三苯基磷)氯化钯加入到甲苯中，溶解后加入嵌段共聚亲水单体，保持60-80℃反应12-24h，然后加入甲基丙烯酸六氟丁酯，继续反应12-24h，将反应液倒入到大量甲醇中，过滤出产生的沉淀，然后于真空干燥箱内60℃烘干12-16h，得到嵌段共聚物；
S3、将步骤所得的嵌段共聚物加入到四氢呋喃中，加入质量分数6-10%的聚丙烯酸钠水溶液，再加入2,5-双(氨基甲基)四氢呋喃，反应5-8h后，得到纺丝原液，通过静电纺丝，得到所述超吸水纤维。
进一步地，所述步骤（1）中大豆蛋白、去离子水、2-巯基乙醇、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、12-溴-1-十二碳烯和二乙烯三胺五甲叉膦酸的质量比为8-15：80-120：1.5-3：1.5-4：4.5-7：1.5-4。
进一步地，所述步骤（2）中聚乙烯醇、去离子水、亲水改性大豆蛋白和引发剂的质量比为15-25：80-150：6-10：0.8-1.5。
进一步地，所述步骤（2）中静电纺丝的推注流速为0.1-0.5mL/h，电压为12-15kV，喷头到收集板的距离为12-15cm。
进一步地，所述步骤S1中氰化钠、咪唑并[1,2-A]吡啶-3-基甲醇、二溴甘露醇的质量比为1-2.5：6-10：4-7。
进一步地，所述步骤S2中苄基双(三苯基磷)氯化钯、甲苯、嵌段共聚亲水单体、甲基丙烯酸六氟丁酯的质量比为0.05-0.2：100-150：10-20：4-8。
进一步地，所述步骤S3中嵌段共聚物、四氢呋喃、2,5-双(氨基甲基)四氢呋喃、聚丙烯酸钠水溶液的质量比为10-15：50-80：2.5-4：15-30。
进一步地，所述步骤S3中静电纺丝的挤出速度为2-4mL/h，针头到接收板的距离为10-40cm，接收板的转速为500-800r/min。
所述防护层中抗菌改性大豆蛋白粘胶纤维的含量为50-70%，聚酯纤维的含量为10-30%，ES纤维的含量为10-30%；所述吸收层中超吸水纤维的含量为60-80%，所述抗菌改性大豆蛋白粘胶纤维的含量为20-30%；所述防反渗层中超吸水纤维的含量为50-70%，抗菌改性大豆蛋白粘胶纤维的含量为30-40%。
本发明还提供了一种高透气超吸水纸尿裤垫片的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
（a）将防护层、吸收层和防反渗层按照从上至下的放入模具中，然后将模具放入热压机中，设置热压温度为130℃、压力为6MPa、热压时间为15s，使三层材料相互粘结，形成紧密的结构，得到初制品；
（b）将初制品从模具中取出，使用裁剪设备将其裁剪成设计好的尺寸，再对垫片的边缘进行密封处理，得到所述纸尿裤垫片。
本发明的有益效果是：
（1）本发明采用三层非织造布结构，从保护层到吸收层再到防反渗层，孔径逐渐减小，亲水性逐渐增强，杂乱度逐渐增加，防护层中适当的杂乱度有助于纤维之间形成复杂的网络结构，增加了尿液与纤维的接触机会和接触面积，从而加快尿液的吸收速度，吸收层可以提供更多的空隙来容纳液体，保证液体在整个吸收层内均匀分布，防反渗层的高杂乱度则进一步增强了对液体的锁定能力，有效防止了反渗现象的发生，保持皮肤干爽，极大地提高了纸尿裤垫片使用的舒适性；
（2）本发明先对大豆蛋白进行巯基接枝，再利用12-溴-1-十二碳烯的巯基-烯基点击反应后与二乙烯三胺五甲叉膦酸反应，引入了丰富的磷酸基团，提高了大豆蛋白的亲水性，通过磷酸基团破坏细菌的细胞膜结构或干扰其代谢过程，从而有效地抑制细菌的生长和繁殖提高了抗菌性，12-溴-1-十二碳烯的疏水长链使大豆蛋白具有双亲性，疏水性部分在可以阻止液体堵塞纤维间的空隙，防止水汽在纤维表面过度聚集而形成水珠，使空气能够在纤维之间的通道中流通，从而增强了透气性，此外还降低液体表面张力，因此当尿液接触到防护层时，由于表面张力的降低尿液更容易在纤维表面铺展，使得尿液能够更快地在纤维之间的空隙中扩散，进而被吸收层中的超吸水纤维吸收，并且双亲性可以调节纤维在不同湿度环境下的吸水平衡；
（3）通过含有丰富羟基的甘露醇结构，使纤维具有优异的吸水能力，而甲基丙烯酸六氟丁酯的氟原子能够降低表面能，通过2,5-双(氨基甲基)四氢呋喃与二溴甘露醇一端未反应的溴原子反应，将亲水侧链之间连接起来，使得嵌段共聚物与聚丙烯酸钠穿插形成网络结构，该结构含有大量的空隙，显著提高了垫片吸收层的吸水性，空隙间相互连通形成了有利于空气流通的孔道，增强了垫片的透气性，随着加工温度升高，超吸水纤维中的成分会形成胶束，在胶束结构中疏水段聚集在一起形成疏水核心，亲水段则伸展在胶束的外部，亲水段在胶束表面的伸展能够暴露更多的亲水吸附位点，更有效地捕捉尿液中的水分子，从而进一步提高了亲水吸水性，其次胶束的形成也有助于稳定纤维在液体环境中的性能，防止纤维因过度吸水而发生结构破坏或性能下降，确保纸尿裤垫片能够持续发挥良好的吸水和透气功能。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例和对比例的吸收性测试结果；
图2为本发明实施例和对比例的透气性测试结果；
图3为本发明实施例和对比例的防渗性测试结果；
图4为本发明实施例和对比例的抑菌性测试结果。
附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，并且构成说明书的一部分，与本发明的实施例一起用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的限制。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例、基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
除非另行定义，文中所使用的所有专业与科学用语与本领域技术人员所熟悉的意义相同。此外，任何与所记载内容相似或均等的方法及材料皆可应用于本发明中。文中所述的较佳实施方法与材料仅作示范之用，但不能限制本申请的内容。
下述实施例中的实验方法，如无特殊说明，均为常规方法、下述实施例中所用的试验材料如无特殊说明，均为从商业渠道购买得到的。
实施例1
一种高透气超吸水纸尿裤垫片，包括从上至下的防护层、吸收层和防反渗层，所述防护层由抗菌改性大豆蛋白粘胶纤维、聚酯纤维和ES纤维组成，所述吸收层由超吸水纤维和抗菌改性大豆蛋白粘胶纤维组成，所述防反渗层由超吸水纤维和抗菌改性大豆蛋白粘胶纤维组成。
所述亲水改性粘胶纤维通过以下步骤制备：
（1）将大豆蛋白加入到去离子水中，然后在水浴下加入2-巯基乙醇和十二烷基苯磺酸钠，30℃反应1h得到巯基接枝的改性大豆蛋白，再加入12-溴-1-十二碳烯和二乙烯三胺五甲叉膦酸，反应1h得到亲水改性大豆蛋白；
（2）将聚乙烯醇加入到去离子水中，再加入亲水改性大豆蛋白和引发剂，搅拌均匀后，进行静电纺丝，经过洗涤、脱水、烘干后得到所述抗菌改性大豆蛋白粘胶纤维。
所述超吸水纤维通过以下步骤制备：
S1、在氮气气氛下向四氢呋喃中加入氢化钠，在-5℃冰浴下缓慢滴加咪唑并[1,2-A]吡啶-3-基甲醇，滴加完成后恢复室温，反应12h，然后加入二溴甘露醇，再继续反应3h，过滤，将滤液浓缩后加入到过量的石油醚和乙酸乙酯的混合溶液，通过硅藻土过滤，减压除去溶剂后，得到嵌段共聚亲水单体；
S2、将苄基双(三苯基磷)氯化钯加入到甲苯中，溶解后加入嵌段共聚亲水单体，保持60℃反应12h，然后加入甲基丙烯酸六氟丁酯，继续反应12h，将反应液倒入到大量甲醇中，过滤出产生的沉淀，然后于真空干燥箱内60℃烘干12h，得到嵌段共聚物；
S3、将步骤所得的嵌段共聚物加入到四氢呋喃中，加入质量分数6%的聚丙烯酸钠水溶液，再加入2,5-双(氨基甲基)四氢呋喃，反应5h后，得到纺丝原液，通过静电纺丝，得到所述超吸水纤维。
所述步骤（1）中大豆蛋白、去离子水、2-巯基乙醇、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、12-溴-1-十二碳烯和二乙烯三胺五甲叉膦酸的质量比为8：80：1.5：1.5：4.5：1.5；所述步骤（2）中聚乙烯醇、去离子水、亲水改性大豆蛋白和引发剂的质量比为15：80：6：0.8；所述步骤（2）中静电纺丝的推注流速为0.1mL/h，电压为12kV，喷头到收集板的距离为12cm。
所述步骤S1中氰化钠、咪唑并[1,2-A]吡啶-3-基甲醇、二溴甘露醇的质量比为1：6：4；所述步骤S2中苄基双(三苯基磷)氯化钯、甲苯、嵌段共聚亲水单体、甲基丙烯酸六氟丁酯的质量比为0.05：100：10：4；所述步骤S3中嵌段共聚物、四氢呋喃、2,5-双(氨基甲基)四氢呋喃、聚丙烯酸钠水溶液的质量比为10：50：2.5：15；所述步骤S3中静电纺丝的挤出速度为2mL/h，针头到接收板的距离为10cm，接收板的转速为500r/min。
所述防护层中抗菌改性大豆蛋白粘胶纤维的含量为50%，聚酯纤维的含量为300%，ES纤维的含量为20%；所述吸收层中超吸水纤维的含量为70%，所述抗菌改性大豆蛋白粘胶纤维的含量为30%；所述防反渗层中超吸水纤维的含量为60%，抗菌改性大豆蛋白粘胶纤维的含量为40%。
实施例2
一种高透气超吸水纸尿裤垫片，包括从上至下的防护层、吸收层和防反渗层，所述防护层由抗菌改性大豆蛋白粘胶纤维、聚酯纤维和ES纤维组成，所述吸收层由超吸水纤维和抗菌改性大豆蛋白粘胶纤维组成，所述防反渗层由超吸水纤维和抗菌改性大豆蛋白粘胶纤维组成。
所述亲水改性粘胶纤维通过以下步骤制备：
（1）将大豆蛋白加入到去离子水中，然后在水浴下加入2-巯基乙醇和十二烷基苯磺酸钠，60℃反应3h得到巯基接枝的改性大豆蛋白，再加入12-溴-1-十二碳烯和二乙烯三胺五甲叉膦酸，反应1.5h得到亲水改性大豆蛋白；
（2）将聚乙烯醇加入到去离子水中，再加入亲水改性大豆蛋白和引发剂，搅拌均匀后，进行静电纺丝，经过洗涤、脱水、烘干后得到所述抗菌改性大豆蛋白粘胶纤维。
所述超吸水纤维通过以下步骤制备：
S1、在氮气气氛下向四氢呋喃中加入氢化钠，在-5℃冰浴下缓慢滴加咪唑并[1,2-A]吡啶-3-基甲醇，滴加完成后恢复室温，反应16h，然后加入二溴甘露醇，再继续反应5h，过滤，将滤液浓缩后加入到过量的石油醚和乙酸乙酯的混合溶液，通过硅藻土过滤，减压除去溶剂后，得到嵌段共聚亲水单体；
S2、将苄基双(三苯基磷)氯化钯加入到甲苯中，溶解后加入嵌段共聚亲水单体，保持80℃反应24h，然后加入甲基丙烯酸六氟丁酯，继续反应24h，将反应液倒入到大量甲醇中，过滤出产生的沉淀，然后于真空干燥箱内60℃烘干16h，得到嵌段共聚物；
S3、将步骤所得的嵌段共聚物加入到四氢呋喃中，加入质量分数10%的聚丙烯酸钠水溶液，再加入2,5-双(氨基甲基)四氢呋喃，反应5-8h后，得到纺丝原液，通过静电纺丝，得到所述超吸水纤维。
所述步骤（1）中大豆蛋白、去离子水、2-巯基乙醇、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、12-溴-1-十二碳烯和二乙烯三胺五甲叉膦酸的质量比为15：120：3：4：7：4；所述步骤（2）中聚乙烯醇、去离子水、亲水改性大豆蛋白和引发剂的质量比为25：150：10：1.5；所述步骤（2）中静电纺丝的推注流速为0.5mL/h，电压为15kV，喷头到收集板的距离为15cm。
所述步骤S1中氰化钠、咪唑并[1,2-A]吡啶-3-基甲醇、二溴甘露醇的质量比为2.5：10：7；所述步骤S2中苄基双(三苯基磷)氯化钯、甲苯、嵌段共聚亲水单体、甲基丙烯酸六氟丁酯的质量比为0.2：150：20：8；所述步骤S3中嵌段共聚物、四氢呋喃、2,5-双(氨基甲基)四氢呋喃、聚丙烯酸钠水溶液的质量比为15：80：4：30；所述步骤S3中静电纺丝的挤出速度为4mL/h，针头到接收板的距离为40cm，接收板的转速为800r/min。
所述防护层中抗菌改性大豆蛋白粘胶纤维的含量为70%，聚酯纤维的含量为20%，ES纤维的含量为10%；所述吸收层中超吸水纤维的含量为80%，所述抗菌改性大豆蛋白粘胶纤维的含量为20%；所述防反渗层中超吸水纤维的含量为70%，抗菌改性大豆蛋白粘胶纤维的含量为30%。
实施例3
一种高透气超吸水纸尿裤垫片，包括从上至下的防护层、吸收层和防反渗层，所述防护层由抗菌改性大豆蛋白粘胶纤维、聚酯纤维和ES纤维组成，所述吸收层由超吸水纤维和抗菌改性大豆蛋白粘胶纤维组成，所述防反渗层由超吸水纤维和抗菌改性大豆蛋白粘胶纤维组成。
所述亲水改性粘胶纤维通过以下步骤制备：
（1）将大豆蛋白加入到去离子水中，然后在水浴下加入2-巯基乙醇和十二烷基苯磺酸钠，50℃反应2h得到巯基接枝的改性大豆蛋白，再加入12-溴-1-十二碳烯和二乙烯三胺五甲叉膦酸，反应1.2h得到亲水改性大豆蛋白；
（2）将聚乙烯醇加入到去离子水中，再加入亲水改性大豆蛋白和引发剂，搅拌均匀后，进行静电纺丝，经过洗涤、脱水、烘干后得到所述抗菌改性大豆蛋白粘胶纤维。
所述超吸水纤维通过以下步骤制备：
S1、在氮气气氛下向四氢呋喃中加入氢化钠，在-5℃冰浴下缓慢滴加咪唑并[1,2-A]吡啶-3-基甲醇，滴加完成后恢复室温，反应15h，然后加入二溴甘露醇，再继续反应4h，过滤，将滤液浓缩后加入到过量的石油醚和乙酸乙酯的混合溶液，通过硅藻土过滤，减压除去溶剂后，得到嵌段共聚亲水单体；
S2、将苄基双(三苯基磷)氯化钯加入到甲苯中，溶解后加入嵌段共聚亲水单体，保持70℃反应16h，然后加入甲基丙烯酸六氟丁酯，继续反应16h，将反应液倒入到大量甲醇中，过滤出产生的沉淀，然后于真空干燥箱内60℃烘干15h，得到嵌段共聚物；
S3、将步骤所得的嵌段共聚物加入到四氢呋喃中，加入质量分数8%的聚丙烯酸钠水溶液，再加入2,5-双(氨基甲基)四氢呋喃，反应6h后，得到纺丝原液，通过静电纺丝，得到所述超吸水纤维。
所述步骤（1）中大豆蛋白、去离子水、2-巯基乙醇、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、12-溴-1-十二碳烯和二乙烯三胺五甲叉膦酸的质量比为12：100：2：2.5：5：3；所述步骤（2）中聚乙烯醇、去离子水、亲水改性大豆蛋白和引发剂的质量比为20：100：8：1.2；所述步骤（2）中静电纺丝的推注流速为0.2mL/h，电压为13kV，喷头到收集板的距离为12.5cm。
所述步骤S1中氰化钠、咪唑并[1,2-A]吡啶-3-基甲醇、二溴甘露醇的质量比为2：8：5；所述步骤S2中苄基双(三苯基磷)氯化钯、甲苯、嵌段共聚亲水单体、甲基丙烯酸六氟丁酯的质量比为0.12：120：15：6；所述步骤S3中嵌段共聚物、四氢呋喃、2,5-双(氨基甲基)四氢呋喃、聚丙烯酸钠水溶液的质量比为12：60：3：20；所述步骤S3中静电纺丝的挤出速度为3mL/h，针头到接收板的距离为30cm，接收板的转速为600r/min。
所述防护层中抗菌改性大豆蛋白粘胶纤维的含量为60%，聚酯纤维的含量为20%，ES纤维的含量为20%；所述吸收层中超吸水纤维的含量为75%，所述抗菌改性大豆蛋白粘胶纤维的含量为25%；所述防反渗层中超吸水纤维的含量为65%，抗菌改性大豆蛋白粘胶纤维的含量为35%。
实施例4
一种高透气超吸水纸尿裤垫片的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
（a）将防护层、吸收层和防反渗层按照从上至下的放入模具中，然后将模具放入热压机中，设置热压温度为130℃、压力为6MPa、热压时间为15s，使三层材料相互粘结，形成紧密的结构，得到初制品；
（b）将初制品从模具中取出，使用裁剪设备将其裁剪成设计好的尺寸，再对垫片的边缘进行密封处理，得到所述纸尿裤垫片。
对比例1
本对比例与实施例3的区别在于所述高透气超吸水纸尿裤垫片中的高透气超吸水纸尿裤垫片为普通粘胶纤维，其余均与实施例3相同。
对比例2
本对比例与实施例3的区别在于所述高透气超吸水纸尿裤垫片中的超吸水纤维为聚丙烯酸钠纤维，其余均与实施例3相同。
对比例3
本对比例与实施例3的区别在于步骤S3中未加入2,5-双(氨基甲基)四氢呋喃，其余均与实施例3相同。
结果分析
将实施例1-3和对比例1-3按照实施例4的方法制成纸尿裤垫片，按照下列试验例进行各种性能的检测。
试验例1
吸收性测试
将纸尿裤垫片连同夹子一起浸入装有10cm深的人工尿液的恒温水浴锅中;当纸尿裤在人工尿液中完全浸没60s后，提起夹子，使纸尿裤垂直悬挂90s后，称取其湿重，计算纸尿裤垫片的吸液倍率，结果见图1。
由图1的结果可知，实施例1-3表现出优异的吸液性能，从结构层面看，三层非织造布结构中，防护层的特定杂乱度促使纤维形成复杂网络结构，增加尿液与纤维的接触概率和面积，从而加快尿液吸收速度，吸收层具有充足的空隙，可容纳液体并确保其均匀分布；从材料改性角度分析，大豆蛋白经过巯基接枝、与12-溴-1-十二碳烯的巯基-烯基点击反应及后续反应后引入磷酸基团，获得双亲性，双亲性降低尿液表面张力，利于尿液在纤维表面铺展，进而快速扩散至吸收层，同时，含有甘露醇结构的纤维具有良好吸水性，2,5-双(氨基甲基)四氢呋喃连接亲水侧链与聚丙烯酸钠形成网络结构，提升吸水性，此外，加工温度升高使超吸水纤维形成胶束，亲水段暴露更多吸附位点，增强吸液能力，这些因素共同作用，使实施例在吸收性测试中吸液倍率表现优于对比例。
试验例2
透气性测试
根据ASTM D737-2004 (2012)的纺织物透气性检测方法，对纸尿裤垫片的透气性进行检测，结果见图2。
由图2的结果可知，在透气性测试中实施例1-3具有良好的透气性，这是由于大豆蛋白改性后的双亲性中，疏水性部分可防止液体堵塞纤维间空隙，保障空气流通，在吸收层，含有甘露醇结构的纤维与甲基丙烯酸六氟丁酯共同作用降低表面能，2,5-双(氨基甲基)四氢呋喃连接亲水侧链形成网络结构，其空隙相互连通构成空气流通通道，超吸水纤维形成的胶束结构稳定纤维在液体环境中的性能，维持空气流通通道的稳定，使实施例在透气性方面表现出色，满足纸尿裤垫片对透气性的要求，可避免因透气性差导致的皮肤问题。
试验例3
防渗性测试
根据GB/T 28004.1-2021的检测方法对纸尿裤垫片的回渗量和渗透量进行测试，结果见图3。
在防渗性测试中，实施例1-3表现出优良的防渗性能，这是源于多层结构与材料改性的协同作用，防反渗层的高杂乱度使纤维无序排列，增加液体通过阻力，让液体流动路径曲折，消耗其动能，防止反渗，超吸水纤维的胶束结构可稳定纤维在液体环境中的性能，避免因过度吸水导致的结构破坏和纤维移位，二者配合将回渗量和渗透量控制在理想范围，保持皮肤干爽，提高舒适性，有效避免尿液渗漏引发的问题。
试验例4
抑菌性测试
根据GB 15979-2002的检测方法对纸尿裤垫片抑菌性进行测试，结果见图4。
实施例1-3在抑菌性测试中表现良好，成功地在大豆蛋白分子中引入了丰富的磷酸基团，说明通过改性引入的磷酸基团可破坏细菌细胞膜结构或干扰其代谢过程，有效抑制金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的生长和繁殖，此抑菌功能在纸尿裤垫片使用中可减少细菌滋生，为使用者创造了健康卫生的使用环境，降低了皮肤感染的风险。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。
以上对本发明及其实施方式进行了描述，这种描述没有限制性，附图中所示的也只是本发明的实施方式之一，实际的应用并不局限于此。总而言之如果本领域的普通技术人员受其启示，在不脱离本发明创造宗旨的情况下，不经创造性的设计出与该技术方案相似的方式及实施例，均应属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种高透气超吸水纸尿裤垫片，其特征在于：包括从上至下的防护层、吸收层和防反渗层，所述防护层由抗菌改性大豆蛋白粘胶纤维、聚酯纤维和ES纤维组成，所述吸收层由超吸水纤维和抗菌改性大豆蛋白粘胶纤维组成，所述防反渗层由超吸水纤维和抗菌改性大豆蛋白粘胶纤维组成；所述抗菌改性大豆蛋白粘胶纤维通过以下步骤制备：
（1）将大豆蛋白加入到去离子水中，然后在水浴下加入2-巯基乙醇和十二烷基苯磺酸钠，30-60℃反应1-3h得到巯基接枝的改性大豆蛋白，再加入12-溴-1-十二碳烯和二乙烯三胺五甲叉膦酸，反应1-1.5h得到亲水改性大豆蛋白；
（2）将聚乙烯醇加入到去离子水中，再加入亲水改性大豆蛋白和引发剂，搅拌均匀后，进行静电纺丝，经过洗涤、脱水、烘干后得到所述抗菌改性大豆蛋白粘胶纤维；
所述超吸水纤维通过以下步骤制备：
S1、在氮气气氛下向四氢呋喃中加入氢化钠，在-5℃冰浴下缓慢滴加咪唑并[1,2-A]吡啶-3-基甲醇，滴加完成后恢复室温，反应12-16h，然后加入二溴甘露醇，再继续反应3-5h，过滤，将滤液浓缩后加入到过量的石油醚和乙酸乙酯的混合溶液，通过硅藻土过滤，减压除去溶剂后，得到嵌段共聚亲水单体；
S2、将苄基双(三苯基磷)氯化钯加入到甲苯中，溶解后加入嵌段共聚亲水单体，保持60-80℃反应12-24h，然后加入甲基丙烯酸六氟丁酯，继续反应12-24h，将反应液倒入到大量甲醇中，过滤出产生的沉淀，然后于真空干燥箱内60℃烘干12-16h，得到嵌段共聚物；
S3、将步骤所得的嵌段共聚物加入到四氢呋喃中，加入质量分数6-10%的聚丙烯酸钠水溶液，再加入2,5-双(氨基甲基)四氢呋喃，反应5-8h后，得到纺丝原液，通过静电纺丝，得到所述超吸水纤维。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高透气超吸水纸尿裤垫片，其特征在于：所述步骤（1）中大豆蛋白、去离子水、2-巯基乙醇、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、12-溴-1-十二碳烯和二乙烯三胺五甲叉膦酸的质量比为8-15：80-120：1.5-3：1.5-4：4.5-7：1.5-4。
3.根据权利要求1所述的高透气超吸水纸尿裤垫片，其特征在于：所述步骤（2）中聚乙烯醇、去离子水、亲水改性大豆蛋白和引发剂的质量比为15-25：80-150：6-10：0.8-1.5。
4.根据权利要求1所述的高透气超吸水纸尿裤垫片，其特征在于：所述步骤（2）中静电纺丝的推注流速为0.1-0.5mL/h，电压为12-15kV，喷头到收集板的距离为12-15cm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的高透气超吸水纸尿裤垫片，其特征在于：所述步骤S1中氰化钠、咪唑并[1,2-A]吡啶-3-基甲醇、二溴甘露醇的质量比为1-2.5：6-10：4-7。
6.根据权利要求1所述的高透气超吸水纸尿裤垫片，其特征在于：所述步骤S2中苄基双(三苯基磷)氯化钯、甲苯、嵌段共聚亲水单体、甲基丙烯酸六氟丁酯的质量比为0.05-0.2：100-150：10-20：4-8。
7.根据权利要求1所述的高透气超吸水纸尿裤垫片，其特征在于：所述步骤S3中嵌段共聚物、四氢呋喃、2,5-双(氨基甲基)四氢呋喃、聚丙烯酸钠水溶液的质量比为10-15：50-80：2.5-4：15-30。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种高透气超吸水纸尿裤垫片，其特征在于：所述步骤S3中静电纺丝的挤出速度为2-4mL/h，针头到接收板的距离为10-40cm，接收板的转速为500-800r/min。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种高透气超吸水纸尿裤垫片，其特征在于：所述防护层中抗菌改性大豆蛋白粘胶纤维的含量为50-70%，聚酯纤维的含量为10-30%，ES纤维的含量为10-30%；所述吸收层中超吸水纤维的含量为60-80%，所述抗菌改性大豆蛋白粘胶纤维的含量为20-30%；所述防反渗层中超吸水纤维的含量为50-70%，抗菌改性大豆蛋白粘胶纤维的含量为30-40%。
10.一种权利要求1-9任一项所述的高透气超吸水纸尿裤垫片的制备方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：
（a）将防护层、吸收层和防反渗层按照从上至下的放入模具中，然后将模具放入热压机中，设置热压温度为130℃、压力为6MPa、热压时间为15s，使三层材料相互粘结，形成紧密的结构，得到初制品；
（b）将初制品从模具中取出，使用裁剪设备将其裁剪成设计好的尺寸，再对垫片的边缘进行密封处理，得到所述纸尿裤垫片。
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