CN1191796C - 假肢悬挂套管 - Google Patents

假肢悬挂套管 Download PDF

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CN1191796C
CN1191796C CNB008063583A CN00806358A CN1191796C CN 1191796 C CN1191796 C CN 1191796C CN B008063583 A CNB008063583 A CN B008063583A CN 00806358 A CN00806358 A CN 00806358A CN 1191796 C CN1191796 C CN 1191796C
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sleeve pipe
artificial limb
compression section
section
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CN1347298A (zh
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胡戈·贝尔齐德斯基
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Transplantation (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
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  • Prostheses (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种可弯曲的悬挂式尿烷套管(10)，用于将一个膝盖下部的膝盖假肢连接在病人肢体的残余部位上。该套管大致为管状，并包括一个预弯部分。一个加强的中间部分(16)用于提高覆盖住管座“耳部”的套管部分的耐磨性，并设置在具有不同弹性的第一(12)和第二(20)加强端部的之间。一对非压缩的部分(14、18)设置在上述中间加强部分和上述加强端部之间并用于以一非压缩吸入方式附着在使用者的大腿和假肢上。

Description

假肢悬挂套管
发明领域
本发明涉及一种假肢悬挂套管，该套管用于将一个膝盖下部假肢连接在病人肢体的残余部位上，本发明尤其涉及一种可弯曲且非压缩的悬挂式尿烷套管，该套管包括整体成型的加强部分，该部分用于改变轴向和圆周拉伸的程度。上述加强部分提供了抗撕裂的机械强度和抵抗力。
现有技术的描述
在现有技术中已经提出了有关将一个膝盖下部假肢连接或悬挂在病人肢体残余部位上的常见问题。现在已经发展了各种器具和装置用来提供一个可靠的连接，以便使截肢者能方便地进行事务而不必害怕在正常或剧烈活动中失去假肢。例如悬挂带和大腿系带等的机械装置具有如下的缺点，即会在大腿周围受到压力并限制了大腿的血液流动。另外，这些装置并没有解决活塞现象，其中残余肢体会根据施加在假肢的作用力而在假肢套管中运动。活塞现象进一步促使组织和皮肤(例如但不限于)疼痛、损伤和过多排汗等的问题。
一种解决以上问题的技术发展了一种由弹性体材料制成的套管。这种套管如Helmy的美国专利第5,593,454号所公开的，该套管具有一个在整个套管上形成的加强网状物。该网状物可以被成型为两种不同编织图案的任一种，以便控制套管的拉伸参数。套管本身的形状为桶状，这样就在套管端部提供了比圆筒形更小的开口。
在Jolly等人的美国专利第4,822,371号中公开了一种加强弹性体套管。该套管包括一个内部的圆筒状类似嵌板，该嵌板具有一个摩擦系数较低的织物表面。该专利要求保护的是上述嵌板用来减少穿用者的疼痛并且提高套管的使用寿命。
在Beldzisky的美国专利第4,479,272号中公开了一种假肢套管。所公开的套管两端开口并包括一个上部弹性保持部分、一个下部弹性保持部分和一个中间连接部分。上述两端部分在轴向不能拉伸，但可沿径向弹性拉伸。上述中间部分可在轴向和周向上均可拉伸。
在美国专利第5,769,809号中公开了一种肢体保护装置。该装置提高了沿一管状部件的可变弹性拉伸性能。
上述所有的装置是通过压迫或限制大腿的方式而将假肢连接到肢体。众所周知，许多截肢者的血液循环问题会因这些现有装置而加重。一个止血带效果限制了血液在残余部位中的流动，并导致不舒适和其它并发症。
在Klasson等人的美国专利第4,923,474号中公开了悬挂或连接膝盖下部假肢的另一种方法。其一个端部被截断的截头圆锥状套管包裹住一个切断残肢。一个连接装置成型在上述套管远端以便与一个假肢或其它装置连接。
上述所有的装置在将套管衬垫合适地加附在残肢皮肤上的同时，作用在远部连接装置的作用力将拉伸皮肤。这种拉伸皮肤促使了上述与活塞现象相联系的皮肤和组织问题。
因此希望获得能持久地将一个膝盖下部假肢连接在病人肢体残余部位上的假肢悬挂套管，该套管或者单独或者与一个可连接到假肢上的套管结合使用，消除了活塞现象问题，并且以非压缩方式加附到上述假肢和肢体上。
发明概述
因此，本发明的主要目的在于提供一种能够以非压缩方式附着在肢体和假肢上的可弯曲悬挂式尿烷套管。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供一种套管，该套管具有整体成型的加强部分，该部分提供机械强度并抗撕裂。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供一种套管，该套管包括整体成型的加强部分，该部分可改变轴向和圆周拉伸的程度。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供一种套管，该套管包括设置在套管端部中间的加强部分。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供一种套管，该套管包括具有不同拉伸参数的加强端部分。
本发明的上述各种目的、优点以及显著特征尤其可以从如下所述的可弯曲尿烷套管而获得，即该套管大致为管状，并具有可沿圆周拉伸的第一加强端部，一个具有受限的圆周拉伸能力或弹性能力的相对的第二加强端部，一个位于上述第一加强端部和第二加强端部之间并可圆周和轴向拉伸的中间加强部分，一个位于上述中间加强部分和第一加强端部之间的第一非压缩部分，和一个位于上述中间加强部分和第二加强端部之间的第二非压缩部分。上述第一和第二加强端部以及中间加强部分都不可压缩，这些加强部分提供抵抗撕裂的机械强度而同时却不影响尿烷的可压缩性。
上述套管大致为截头圆锥形状，其中上述第二加强端部的直径小于上述第一加强端部。另外，上述套管需被预弯，这一点将在以下进一步描述。
本发明的上述目的和其它目的，以及本发明的各种新颖特征将在所附的权利要求书中详细指出并同时构成对本发明的公开。为了更好地理解本发明、本发明在操作上的优点以及通过使用而获得的特定目的，以下将结合附图并通过最佳实施例以例举的方式进行描述。
附图的简要说明
通过以下的详细描述能够更好地理解本发明，并且认识本发明除以上描述之外的其它目的。以下描述所参考的附图包括：
图1为悬挂式假肢套管在使用中的透视图；
图2为一种典型的膝盖下部假肢的透视图；
图3为放置在假肢套筒中的膝盖下部残肢的透视图；
图4为本发明套管的侧视图；
图5为本发明套管的横截面图。
最佳实施例的描述
附图特别是图1至图5示出一种体现本发明原理和思想的新型悬挂式假肢套管，通常用标号10表示。
图4更详细地示出上述套管10最好由可弹性拉伸的非压缩材料例如尿烷或聚氨酯制成。该套管10还包括一第一加强端部12。该第一加强端部12最好包括一种能提供圆周拉伸性能或弹性能力并成为一体的纤维织物。也可替代地使用可实现相同拉伸性能的材料合成物。这种圆周拉伸性能可允许围绕大腿弹性形变，还可允许血液正常地流过大腿。上述纤维织物还提高了第一端部12的强度，并防止套管10撕裂。上述整体织物不会增加大腿周围的压力。
图中示出的第二加强端部20设置在第一加强端部12的对面，其直径小于该第一加强端部12。第二加强端部20最好包括一个能提供有限圆周拉伸性能或弹性能力的并还防止套管10撕裂的整体织物。也可替代地使用可实现相同拉伸性能的材料合成物。上述整体织物不会增加尿烷材料的压力。在使用中，该第二加强端部20“锁定”在假肢30的胫骨部位36上，并提供了在使用时将套管10保持在合适位置的装置。
一个中间加强部分16如图所示具有大致截头圆锥的形状并设置在上述第一和第二加强端部12、20之间。该中间加强部分16如图所示还设置在第一和第二非压缩部分14、18之间。该中间加强部分16最好包括一个能提供圆周拉伸性能或弹性能力同时又不会增加尿烷材料压力的整体织物。也替代地使用可实现相同拉伸性能的材料合成物。如图2和图3所示，一种典型的膝盖下部假肢30包括一个管座32，该管座包括一对“耳部”34，这对耳部在膝盖中间沿侧向延伸并为膝盖骨以及膝盖后侧提供了一个开口。在使用中中间加强部分16与上述“耳部”相邻设置并覆盖住该“耳部”，同样能够抵抗施加在套管10上的摩擦压力。
如图5所示，中间加强部分16包括一内部17。该内部17包括一个例如通过着色而让使用者看到该内部17的装置，这样就能确保中间加强部分16正确地放置在后部管座32的顶部边缘上。
第一和第二非压缩部分14、18分别放置在上述中间加强部分16和第一加强端部12之间以及放置在上述中间加强部分16和第二加强端部20之间。该第一和第二非压缩部分14、18由相同的可弹性拉伸的非压缩材料例如尿烷或聚氨酯制成。第一非压缩部分14的尺寸和形状设置成适于附着在大腿上，而第二非压缩部分18的尺寸和形状设置成适于附着在假肢30上。众所周知，尿烷在第一非压缩部分14和大腿以及第二非压缩部分18和假肢30之间提供了良好的附着和接触面，并使假肢30能以吸入式从大腿悬挂出。另外，尿烷材料具有良好的记忆能力，能使特别是非压缩部分14、18恢复到其原始形状而不会在拉伸后产生压力。
为使套管10实现预弯，第一和第二非压缩部分14、18最好具有截头圆锥的形状。第一非压缩部分14最好具有一较长的前部，而第二非压缩部分18具有一较长的后部，以这种方式，第一非压缩部分14、中间加强部分16和第二非压缩部分18完成了在第一加强端部12和第二加强端部20之间成角度的过渡，该端部12和20最好具有大致矩形的横截面形状。上述预弯的形状在膝盖弯曲超过90度点(坐位)的过程中不会对膝盖产生限制或约束作用。
利用以上描述能够理解到，本发明各部件之间最优化的尺寸关系(包括尺寸、材料、形状、形式、功能和操作方式、组装和使用)对于本领域技术人员而言是很清楚并且是显而易见的。与附图和说明书中所描述的所有等同关系都被本发明包含在内。
因此，以上的描述认为仅仅是本发明原则的例举。另外，因为本领域技术人员能很容易地实现对本发明的许多变型和改变，因此并不希望将本发明限制在以上显示和描述的结构和操作，相应地，所有适合的变型和等同都属于本发明的范围。

Claims (11)

1.一种管状悬挂式的假肢套管，其中该假肢套管包括：
一个可完全沿圆周拉伸的第一加强端部；
一个具有有限的圆周拉伸性能的相对的第二加强端部；
一个设置在上述第一加强端部和上述第二加强端部之间并可沿圆周和轴向拉伸的中间加强部分；
一个设置在上述第一加强端部和中间加强部分之间的第一非压缩部分，该第一非压缩部分具有一个细长的前部可实现套管的预弯结构；
和一个设置在上述第二加强端部和中间加强部分之间的第二非压缩部分，该第二非压缩部分具有一个细长的后部可实现套管的预弯结构；上述第一非压缩部分和上述第二非压缩部分均没有被强化并且包括柔性材料，这种柔性材料具有能以非压缩吸入方式附着在皮肤和假肢表面的物理性能，并可从包括尿烷或聚氨酯的组合中选取。
2.如权利要求1所述的假肢套管，其特征在于，上述第一加强端部还包括一种具有沿圆周的弹性能力和机械强度并且制成一体的纤维织物。
3.如权利要求1所述的假肢套管，其特征在于，上述第二加强端部还包括一种具有有限的圆周弹性能力和机械强度并制成一体的纤维织物。
4.如权利要求1所述的假肢套管，其特征在于，上述中间加强部分还包括一种具有圆周和轴向弹性能力和机械强度并制成一体的纤维织物。
5.如权利要求1所述的假肢套管，其特征在于，上述套管为截头圆锥的形状，上述第一加强端部的直径大于上述第二加强端部的直径。
6.如权利要求1所述的假肢套管，其特征在于，上述套管具有一个与第一非压缩部分、中间加强部分和第二非压缩部分相匹配的预弯部分。
7.如权利要求1所述的假肢套管，其特征在于，上述中间加强部分还包括一个内部，该内部还包括用于识别其轮廓的着色。
8.如权利要求1所述的假肢套管，其特征在于，该套管被设计成用于将一个膝盖下部的假肢连接在膝盖下部被截肢的使用者的肢体上，上述第一非压缩部分以吸入方式附着在肢体上，上述第二非压缩部分以吸入方式附着在假肢上。
9.如权利要求8所述的假肢套管，其特征在于，上述第一加强端部还包括一种能提供沿圆周的弹性能力和机械强度的整体纤维织物。
10.如权利要求8所述的假肢套管，其特征在于，上述第二加强端部还包括一种能提供有限的圆周弹性能力和机械强度的整体纤维织物。
11.如权利要求8所述的假肢套管，其特征在于，上述中间加强部分还包括一种能提供圆周和轴向弹性能力和机械强度的整体纤维织物。
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