CN1190150A - 岩层的水平定向钻井钻头 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种在脏物、沙、岩石或任何混合地层中定向钻孔的钻头,使用其上有固定和半浮动切削点的一钻头体和一个或多个用于润滑和扩散钻屑的液体管道。
Description
本发明涉及地层钻井，特别涉及水平定向钻井。
本发明涉及定向钻井装置。这些装置主要用于水平定向钻井，特别用于地层和岩层钻孔。钻头体中有低压、大水量管道用于润滑钻头和浮起钻屑。
本发明装置用于横向或水平定向钻井，此时必须在可定向的同时钻透土层中的岩石之类岩层。有时称为“无沟槽挖掘”的这一行业在路面、河流和/或湖泊之类固定体周围埋设公用事业设备。现有钻孔技术通常使用一钻孔装置或钻孔机推进和/或转动一由一连串互相连接的钻管和一定向钻头构成的钻具而钻出一埋设一管或公用事业设施的地下通道。当钻头在管的上方或下方推进时一探头紧随其后。探头把定位电子信号发给工人的接受装置。
现有钻井方法包括一钻头体和通常为同心的一钻头刀刃而钻出直径与钻头刀刃大致相同的一圆柱形孔。该现有方法和装置通常使用高压高速射流引导和冷却钻头体和刀刃。本发明如钻油井时常见的，把液体用作润滑和浮起钻屑，而不是通过喷射液体而进行引导。
所以现有水平定向钻井装置的一个重大缺点是无法钻透岩石。在本发明之前，普遍认为大多数岩层由于岩石太硬而无法钻透。而本发明装置有革命性的进展而证明可钻透所有岩层，包括花岗岩。此外，本装置更容易对土层或沙层之类较容易钻孔的地层钻孔。
在脏物、沙、岩石或任何组合地层中钻孔的本定向钻孔装置使用其上有固定和半浮动切削点的一钻头体和一个或多个用于润滑和扩散钻屑的液体管道。
与现有钻头装置比较，本发明钻头装到钻头体上的方法可生成一随机的椭圆轨道运动，从而与钻具的推动和转动配合而造成一高冲力的破碎作用。
本装置与钻机的所有部件的大小和重量以及所使用的钻孔方法直接有关。即，由于钻透混合地层的新技术或操作程序日新月异，因此本钻头装置的能力的确切上限现在还是未知数。
钻头体中的一凹槽用来在引导时减小钻头表面的横截面密度以及在钻孔过程中对齐引导件。
从结合附图的下述详细说明中可更充分理解本发明及其优点，附图中
图1为本发明钻头和探头座的分解立体图；
图2为本发明钻头和探头座的俯视图；
图3为钻头的放大分解立体图；
图4为钻头和探头座前部的部分零件剖视图；
图5为沿图4中5-5线的剖视图；
图6是用于钻头的端柱的立体图。
首先参看图1-6，其中，相同部件用同一标号表示，使用本发明钻头的钻井装置是一种在岩石中进行水平定向钻孔的装置。该装置使一钻具104的一端上的一特殊形状的钻头102边掘进边间断性地转动、停止转动直到岩石破碎，然后在破碎后以随机、间断性的轨道运动移动。钻具104最好在该钻具的另一端用现有定向钻孔机以大致不变的转速在压力下转动。一液体(未示出)可泵入钻具104中后从钻头102流出而润滑该孔和扩散钻屑。
按照本发明的另一个方面，在岩石中进行水平定向钻孔的特殊形状的非对称钻头102包括一装在一探头座110的一端108上的钻头体106。从图4可看得最清楚，钻头体106与探头座110斜交，两者所成角度较小，即约为15°。
钻头体106中装有三个从一前部平面114(图6)伸出的表面向前的端柱112。从一圆柱形侧面118上伸出许多表面在径向上的钻头体柱116。
每一个端柱112包括一个硬质合金头117a、柱体117b和抓紧环117c，如图3所示。多个抓紧环117c由分别位于柱体117b和圆柱形套117f的互补的半环形槽117d和117e固定住。从图2可看得最清楚，三个表面向前的端柱112互相稍成角度，中间端柱112的纵向轴向与钻具共平面，另两个端柱向外张开。许多碎石护柱120从前部表面114与一引导凹面124的交线122(图2)上伸出。钻头102在横向引导面124中有一引导凹槽125。非对称钻头102和探头座110用螺纹连接件126连接。
工作时，可钻透脏物、沙、岩石和/或任何混合地层的该定向钻孔装置使用其上有固定和半浮动切削点的钻头和一个或多个用于润滑和扩散钻屑的液体管道。清除高密度岩石或岩层的高冲力点破碎方法在钻透更软、密度较低的地层时还生成一高速轨道结点。本发明的主要特征是钻头102掘进时，时而停时而工作而破碎岩石，然后跳到一新位置。
钻头中的斜切凹座用来在所有地层中引导钻头。钻头体用可承受横向载荷的凸缘-凹槽连接装在其中有一个或多个液体管道的钻具上。该非对称连接法造成由钻机的输入转矩和推力造成的钻杆和钻具的反作用而在钻孔时生成随机的椭圆运动而钻出比现有同心钻具大的孔。
本发明在坚硬岩层中的钻孔是一种破碎过程，而不是现有钻孔方法所使用的切削和剪切作业。水平定向钻孔的公知方法是组合使用切削或剪切和射流。射流方法使用一高压、高速液体，其目的是生成地层钻屑的悬浮液或溶液后流入周围地层或流出钻孔。切削或剪切装置使用液体润滑钻孔以及排走钻屑。岩层不容易切削或剪切成碎屑，并且不溶解，或不含有容易用水溶剂或射流的水力溶解的粘接成分。
现有钻头或钻孔方法尚未见结合岩石破碎的作业参数和大夹角偏置以便在软土层中引导方向。
用于岩石和硬地层的本新颖非对称定向钻孔点组合使用岩石的点接触破碎技术和用于硬土和软土的大冲角技术。由于钻头的非对称形状因转动和推动的组合而作偏心转动，因此硬质合金点依靠随机椭圆转矩矢量完成破碎。一般被认为压固成非常紧密的页岩之类的岩石和干粘土也因钻头的非常尖的形状而可钻透。
该非对称形状因主钻孔点的扭转力矩而提高破碎效果，从而提高了钻架的性能。钻头转动时偏置的钻孔点作为转动中心点随机地进行破碎而把横向转矩提高到同一直径、形状对称从而直径不变的钻头所能生成的实际横向转矩的3-8倍。
稳定带有可更换、半永久硬质合金球齿的后管鞋上的向前切削点即可确定和调节钻孔大小，这些硬质合金球齿破碎不规则表面，使钻孔光滑并减小钻头体的磨损。
使用一种部分转动钻孔方法就实现了岩石或硬土的引导。这一方法是以预定转位把钻头推入钻孔面后转动到同样预定的转动终位，然后拉回钻头。然后反复进行这一顺序而形成所需转数的钻孔。
使用“部分转动钻孔方法”已成功地穿透坚硬页岩、沙石、石灰石、Austin白垩和有钢筋和无钢筋的混凝土而成功地进行了许多钻孔试验。
使用常与平桨形钻头一起使用的标准非转动推-引导方法可容易地引导软地层。引鞋中的半椭圆形凹槽引导钻头而使它的路径与由引导钻头所生成的弧面保持平行。
该“引导凹槽”还使坯体前表面面积减小50％以上，从而减小发生“地层堆积”的可能性。从而提高了推-引导性能，在笔直钻孔时便于钻屑在钻头下方流动。
该钻头不使用射流或定向液体提高钻孔性能。液体用来清洗钻头以及把钻屑排出钻孔。钻头在正常钻孔时不产生高压。
使用了独特的剪切卸载构件减小把钻头装到探头座上的连接件上的载荷。该剪切卸载构件包括一长方形横截面的纵向凹槽和钻头背面上的一相配凸缘。该凸缘伸展在钻头背面的整个长度上而与该凹槽全部啮合。工作时，该剪切卸载构件消除把钻头固定到探头座上的连接件上的所有剪切载荷。这些连接件只形成夹紧力，而该剪切卸载构件消除作用在钻头上的巨大剪切力。
尽管上面结合一特定实施例说明了本发明，但应看到，本领域普通技术人员可在后附权利要求的范围内作出种种改动和修正。
Claims (7)
1，一种在岩石中水平定向钻孔的钻头，其特征在于，该钻头包括：
一装在一探头座的一端上的钻头体；
所述钻头体与探头座斜交；
所述钻头体中装有多个从一前部平面伸出的表面向前的端柱。
2，如权利要求1所述的钻头，其特征在于，从一侧面上伸出多个表面在径向上的钻头体柱。
3，如权利要求1所述的钻头，其特征在于，所述钻头包括三个表面向前的端柱。
4，如权利要求2所述的钻头，其特征在于，三个表面向前的端柱互相稍成角度。
5，如权利要求3所述的钻头，其特征在于，多个碎石护柱从前部平面与一引导面的交线上伸出。
6，如权利要求5所述的钻头，其特征在于，所述钻头带有一引导凹面。
7，一种在岩石中水平定向钻孔的钻头，其特征在于，该钻头包括：
一装在一探头座的一端上的钻头体；
所述钻头体与探头座斜交；
所述钻头体中装有三个从一前部平面伸出的表面向前的端柱；
从一侧面上伸出多个表面在径向上的钻头体柱；
所述三个表面向前的端柱互相稍成角度；
多个碎石护柱从前部表面与一引导面的交线上伸出。
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US4074797P | 1997-02-05 | 1997-02-05 | |
| US60/040,747 | 1997-02-05 | ||
| US08/968,254 | 1997-11-12 | ||
| US08/968,254 US5899283A (en) | 1997-02-05 | 1997-11-12 | Drill bit for horizontal directional drilling of rock formations |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1190150A true CN1190150A (zh) | 1998-08-12 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN98100202A Pending CN1190150A (zh) | 1997-02-05 | 1998-01-05 | 岩层的水平定向钻井钻头 |
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| US (1) | US5899283A (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP0857853A3 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JP3088097B2 (zh) |
| KR (1) | KR19980070694A (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN1190150A (zh) |
| AR (1) | AR006288A1 (zh) |
| AU (1) | AU701143B2 (zh) |
| BR (1) | BR9800555A (zh) |
| NO (1) | NO980489L (zh) |
| NZ (1) | NZ329213A (zh) |
| TW (1) | TW358141B (zh) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105926592A (zh) * | 2016-06-02 | 2016-09-07 | 中国水利水电第五工程局有限公司 | 一种钻孔桩施工方法 |
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| US6247544B1 (en) | 1997-03-06 | 2001-06-19 | Vermeer Manufacturing Company | Duckbill with cutting teeth |
| US20020043404A1 (en) * | 1997-06-06 | 2002-04-18 | Robert Trueman | Erectable arm assembly for use in boreholes |
| US6148935A (en) | 1998-08-24 | 2000-11-21 | Earth Tool Company, L.L.C. | Joint for use in a directional boring apparatus |
| US6470979B1 (en) | 1999-07-16 | 2002-10-29 | Earth Tool Company, L.L.C. | Sonde housing structure |
| US6161636A (en) * | 1998-12-15 | 2000-12-19 | Osborne; Joseph D. | Boring head and bit protective collar |
| GB9903256D0 (en) | 1999-02-12 | 1999-04-07 | Halco Drilling International L | Directional drilling apparatus |
| US6371223B2 (en) | 1999-03-03 | 2002-04-16 | Earth Tool Company, L.L.C. | Drill head for directional boring |
| AU3719300A (en) | 1999-03-03 | 2000-10-04 | Earth Tool Company, Llc | Method and apparatus for directional boring |
| AU6214000A (en) * | 1999-07-16 | 2001-02-05 | Earth Tool Company, Llc | Improved sonde housing structure |
| EP1083292A1 (en) | 1999-09-10 | 2001-03-14 | Earth Tool Company L.L.C. | Interchangeable bit system for directional boring |
| US6302410B1 (en) | 1999-10-22 | 2001-10-16 | Earth Tool Company, L.L.C. | Rod gripping jaw |
| US6422782B1 (en) | 1999-12-16 | 2002-07-23 | Earth Tool Company, L.L.C. | Apparatus for mounting an electronic device for use in directional drilling |
| CN101363307B (zh) | 2000-03-03 | 2017-05-31 | 维米尔制造公司 | 在多种混合条件下进行定向钻孔的方法和装置 |
| US6450269B1 (en) | 2000-09-07 | 2002-09-17 | Earth Tool Company, L.L.C. | Method and bit for directional horizontal boring |
| US6789635B2 (en) | 2001-06-18 | 2004-09-14 | Earth Tool Company, L.L.C. | Drill bit for directional drilling in cobble formations |
| AUPR886401A0 (en) * | 2001-11-14 | 2001-12-06 | Cmte Development Limited | Fluid drilling head |
| US7036609B2 (en) * | 2002-01-14 | 2006-05-02 | Vermeer Manufacturing Company | Sonde housing and method of manufacture |
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| US6827159B2 (en) | 2002-02-08 | 2004-12-07 | Hard Rock Drilling & Fabrication, L.L.C. | Steerable horizontal subterranean drill bit having an offset drilling fluid seal |
| US6814168B2 (en) | 2002-02-08 | 2004-11-09 | Hard Rock Drilling & Fabrication, L.L.C. | Steerable horizontal subterranean drill bit having elevated wear protector receptacles |
| US6810972B2 (en) | 2002-02-08 | 2004-11-02 | Hard Rock Drilling & Fabrication, L.L.C. | Steerable horizontal subterranean drill bit having a one bolt attachment system |
| US6810973B2 (en) | 2002-02-08 | 2004-11-02 | Hard Rock Drilling & Fabrication, L.L.C. | Steerable horizontal subterranean drill bit having offset cutting tooth paths |
| AU2002952176A0 (en) | 2002-10-18 | 2002-10-31 | Cmte Development Limited | Drill head steering |
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| US8955586B1 (en) * | 2011-01-24 | 2015-02-17 | Earth Tool Company, Llc | Beacon assembly |
| WO2015031082A1 (en) | 2013-08-29 | 2015-03-05 | Vermeer Manufacturing Company | Drilling tool and apparatus |
| US10246943B2 (en) * | 2016-06-07 | 2019-04-02 | Astech Alloy Steel Technologies, Inc. | Drill bit for directional drilling and method of manufacturing |
| ZA201906123B (en) * | 2019-09-17 | 2021-06-30 | Nicolas Jacobus Bischoff | Drill assembly and method of using same |
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| US2196940A (en) * | 1938-07-25 | 1940-04-09 | Sharp Deflecting Tool Company | Deflecting bit |
| US2350986A (en) * | 1943-05-03 | 1944-06-13 | Eastman Oil Well Survey Co | Deflecting drill bit |
| US2704204A (en) * | 1951-07-02 | 1955-03-15 | Pierce W Koontz | Drill bit for drilling over-size hole |
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| SU1627651A1 (ru) * | 1988-05-23 | 1991-02-15 | Институт сверхтвердых материалов АН УССР | Долото дл вращательного бурени |
| DE3819833C2 (de) * | 1988-06-10 | 1998-05-07 | Drebo Werkzeugfab Gmbh | Dübelbohrer |
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| SU1731929A1 (ru) * | 1990-01-18 | 1992-05-07 | Сургутское отделение Западно-Сибирского научно-исследовательского и проектно-конструкторского института технологии глубокого разведочного бурения | Колонковое долото |
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| BR9612567A (pt) * | 1996-03-04 | 1999-07-20 | Vermeer Mfg Co | Máquina de perfuração direcional |
-
1997
- 1997-11-12 US US08/968,254 patent/US5899283A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-11-20 NZ NZ329213A patent/NZ329213A/en unknown
-
1998
- 1998-01-02 AU AU50307/98A patent/AU701143B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1998-01-05 CN CN98100202A patent/CN1190150A/zh active Pending
- 1998-01-22 KR KR1019980001844A patent/KR19980070694A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-01-29 JP JP10033872A patent/JP3088097B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-02-04 AR ARP980100503A patent/AR006288A1/es unknown
- 1998-02-04 TW TW087101363A patent/TW358141B/zh active
- 1998-02-04 NO NO980489A patent/NO980489L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-02-05 BR BR9800555A patent/BR9800555A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-02-05 EP EP98300851A patent/EP0857853A3/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105926592A (zh) * | 2016-06-02 | 2016-09-07 | 中国水利水电第五工程局有限公司 | 一种钻孔桩施工方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AR006288A1 (es) | 1999-08-25 |
| US5899283A (en) | 1999-05-04 |
| EP0857853A2 (en) | 1998-08-12 |
| JP3088097B2 (ja) | 2000-09-18 |
| KR19980070694A (ko) | 1998-10-26 |
| AU5030798A (en) | 1998-08-13 |
| TW358141B (en) | 1999-05-11 |
| EP0857853A3 (en) | 1999-11-10 |
| BR9800555A (pt) | 1999-07-06 |
| NZ329213A (en) | 1998-08-26 |
| NO980489L (no) | 1998-08-06 |
| JPH10266754A (ja) | 1998-10-06 |
| NO980489D0 (no) | 1998-02-04 |
| AU701143B2 (en) | 1999-01-21 |
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