CN118940552B - Road domain water body function connectivity threshold determining method and trend studying and judging analysis system - Google Patents

Road domain water body function connectivity threshold determining method and trend studying and judging analysis system Download PDF

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CN118940552B
CN118940552B CN202411428947.2A CN202411428947A CN118940552B CN 118940552 B CN118940552 B CN 118940552B CN 202411428947 A CN202411428947 A CN 202411428947A CN 118940552 B CN118940552 B CN 118940552B
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CN118940552A (en
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韩用顺
杨鑫
方军
王云
张东水
马开森
杨易之
邓慧婷
刘雅畅
张润林
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Hunan University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for determining a connectivity threshold value of a road domain water body function and a trend studying and judging analysis system, which belong to the field of water body connectivity, wherein the method for determining the connectivity threshold value of the road domain water body function comprises the following steps of providing a GEE cloud platform-based water body judging and identifying extraction method, forming a road domain water body data set between 30 years, calculating connectivity indexes of the road domain water body and the like and constructing an index database; simulating and analyzing the optimal distance threshold value of the water body function connectivity of the highway road domain under the condition of whether the road exists or not, revealing the time-space dynamic change characteristics of the water body function connectivity of the highway road domain for 30 years, establishing the optimal distance threshold value determining method of the water body function connectivity of the highway road domain under the road engineering such as bridges, culverts and the like, and designing and developing the threshold value determining method of the water body function connectivity of the highway road domain and a trend research and judgment analysis system. According to the method, different scenes are set according to the time change characteristics of the water body, the connectivity of the water body is evaluated, and data support is provided for the connectivity of the water body under the road domain condition.

Description

Road domain water body function connectivity threshold determining method and trend studying and judging analysis system
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of water connectivity, in particular to a method for determining a threshold value of water function connectivity of a road domain and a trend research and judgment analysis system.
Background
In recent years, connectivity has become an important issue in hydrologic and ecological research, where connectivity can affect flow between landscape elements. Water connectivity is particularly important, and is related to the transport of water-mediated substances, energy and organisms within or between hydrologic cycle elements, and is an important feature in describing and predicting the response of water to climate and landscape changes. Water connectivity refers to the degree of physical interconnection between bodies of water, including natural flow or artificial channel connections between rivers, lakes, wetlands, groundwater bodies, and the like. Good water connectivity is critical to maintaining ecosystem health, which helps:
Species migration and gene communication, promotion of migration of aquatic organisms among different water bodies, increase of biodiversity, water quality purification, water flow exchange, natural purification of water bodies, flood regulation, water system communication, water resource management, and connectivity guarantee of effective distribution and utilization of water resources for drinking water supply, irrigation, industrial water and the like.
The water connectivity comprises two types of structural connectivity and functional connectivity, wherein the structural connectivity refers to the state of physical connection between water bodies and comprises the physical characteristics of whether direct water flow channels exist or not, the width, depth, continuity and the like of the channels. This relates to the integrity of the river network, the condition of the riparian zone, and the presence or absence of artificial obstructions such as dams, bridges, roads, etc. Functional connectivity concerns how these physical connections affect the flow of water, substances (e.g., nutrient salts, sediment), and the actual flow and exchange effects of aquatic organisms between different bodies of water. Even if there is a physical connection between bodies of water, functional connectivity may be compromised if water flow is limited, water quality problems or ecological barriers are affected.
The space heterogeneity caused by the interference of road construction, operation and human activities reduces the connectivity of the water body and hinders the normal landscape ecology process and the regulation capability, so that under the condition that the existing water body space pattern is distributed and is difficult to change, the space ecology connection between the components is established in a proper threshold range as far as possible, and the method is a necessary choice for maintaining the ecology safety and the ecological system stability.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the background art, the invention aims to provide a method for determining the connectivity threshold of the water body function of the road domain and a trend studying and judging analysis system, different road scene modes are set according to the time change characteristics of the water body, the optimal distance threshold of the water body connectivity of the road domain is judged on the basis, the water body connectivity is evaluated, and data support is provided for the water body connectivity under the road domain condition.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides a method for determining connectivity threshold of a road domain water body function, comprising the following steps:
step S1, providing an extraction method based on GEE cloud platform water body judgment, forming a road domain water body data set of a plurality of years, calculating a road domain water body connectivity index and constructing an index database;
S2, simulating and analyzing an optimal distance threshold value of the water body function connectivity of the highway road domain under the condition of whether a road exists or not;
step S3, revealing the time-space dynamic change characteristics of the water body function connectivity of the road domain for several years;
step S4, establishing a method for determining an optimal distance threshold of the water body function connectivity of the highway road domain under the bridge and culvert road engineering;
and S5, designing and developing a threshold value determining method for the connectivity of the road domain function and a trend studying and judging analysis system through the steps.
Preferably, step S1 comprises the steps of:
S101, calculating images based on GEE cloud platform An index, and a road domain water body data set is established;
the calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
;
Wherein the method comprises the steps of Representing the reflectivity of the near-infrared band,Representing the reflectivity of the red band of wavelengths,The reflectivity of the blue light wave band;
s102, setting Eliminating the influence of vegetation on a water body;
S103, establishing a water body extraction model based on a GEE-MNDWI-Ojin algorithm Ostu, and automatically determining an optimal binarization threshold of the image;
S104, processing the image by using processImagewater functions, calculating a histogram of MNDWI, determining a threshold value by using an Ojin algorithm, and generating a water mask;
S105, acquiring a water body image dataset of the road section for 30 years by using GETYEARLYWATER functions;
S106, importing data into the ARCGIS10.7, converting raster data of the water body into a vector file through a raster-to-element tool and generating a node file and a connection file, adding a number field and an attribute field into the water body through the ArcGIS10.7, and generating a required node file and a required connection file in a plugin Coneforinputs of the ArcGIS10.7, wherein the node file is the area of a water body plaque;
s107, determining distance thresholds, setting 9 distance thresholds of 100m, 200m, 400m, 500m, 1000m, 2000m, 5000m, 10000m and 20000m to analyze the water body function connectivity among 30 years, widening the threshold range, and setting 12 distance thresholds of 100m, 200m, 400m, 500m, 750m, 1000m, 2000m, 3000m, 4000m, 5000m, 10000m and 20000m to independently analyze the water body function connectivity among the last year among 30 years;
S108, after the node file and the connection file are acquired, calculating the functional connectivity of the water body through software Conefor2.6 according to the distance threshold set in the S105;
S109, selecting the number of links, the group number, the landscape coincidence probability index, the overall connectivity index, the possible connectivity index and the plaque importance index to comprehensively analyze the functional connectivity of the road domain water body and the optimal distance threshold value thereof.
Preferably, in step S109, the number of linksRefers to the number of connections between aqueous plaques in the study area;
Group score The method refers to a whole formed by functionally or structurally connected plaques, isolated water plaques form a component and a non-functional relation among different components, wherein the maximum component plaque number refers to the component number with the largest plaque number, and the maximum component area refers to the area of the component number with the largest plaque number;
landscape coincidence probability index:
;
In the formula, In order to obtain the component number of the composition,Is a constituent partIs the sum of the sizes of all the plaques,Is the total area of the investigation region;
Overall connectivity index Based on a binary connection model, the condition of direct communication between any two water plaques is described;
;
In the formula, Is the number of water plaques; And Plaque respectivelyAndIs a part of the area of (2); Is plaque And plaqueThe number of links on the shortest path between; In order to investigate the total area of the region, ;
Possible connectivity indexThe probability of possible diffusion of the water plaque in the research area is based on a probability model;
;
In the formula, Is plaqueAndThe probability of maximum diffusion between the two,,Is the total area of the investigation region;
Plaque importance index :
;
In the formula,And the connectivity index after eliminating a certain plaque.
Preferably, step S2 comprises the steps of:
S201, setting road-free scenes by adopting international common standards, determining the distances of road impact buffer areas of different grades, wherein the impact domain of expressways is 1000m, national roads is 500m, provincial roads are 500m, county roads are 250m and rural roads are 100m, and erasing the road network impact domain from landscape habitat as a scene with roads by using an erasing command in ARCGIS;
S202, in a scene without a road, dividing a threshold into the following 4 sections:
The distance threshold is in the range of 100-500m, The value of the drop-off is reduced,Increasing the value, increasing the maximum component plaque number, and increasing the maximum component area;
The distance threshold is in the range of 500-1000m, The value is reduced, the maximum component plaque number is increased, and the maximum component area is increased;
the distance threshold is in the range of 1000-3000m, The value is reduced, the maximum component plaque number is increased, the maximum component area is increased, and the landscape coincidence probability index is increased;
The distance threshold is more than 3000m, the component number is reduced, the maximum component plaque number and the maximum component area are increased, and the landscape coincidence probability index is increased;
the research of functional connectivity is carried out by analyzing and selecting a range of a distance threshold value of 500-1000 m;
s203. in the case of a road scenario, 、AndThe mean value of the index decreases.
Preferably, in step S202, the distance threshold is 100-500m,The value drops from 2223 to 1221,Increasing the value from 543 to 2031, increasing the maximum component plaque number from 15 to 88, and increasing the maximum component area from 16.967km 2 to 19.257km 2;
The distance threshold is in the range of 500-1000m, The value decreases from 1221 to 664, the maximum component plaque number increases from 88 to 180, and the maximum component area increases from 19.257km 2 to 29.328km 2;
the distance threshold is in the range of 1000-3000m, The value is reduced from 664 to 157, the maximum component plaque number is increased from 180 to 830, the maximum component area is increased from 29.328km 2 to 142.071km 2, and the landscape coincidence probability index is increased from 0.581 to 0.826;
The distance threshold is more than 3000m, the component number is reduced to 3, the component number of the water body plaque is reduced to 1 and is unchanged along with the continuous increase of the distance threshold, and all the plaque belongs to 1 component;
In step S203 of the process of the present invention, 、AndThe mean values of the indices decreased from 0.685, 0.529 and 0.579 to 0.669, 0.526 and 0.560, respectively.
Preferably, step S3 comprises the steps of:
S301, determining that the range of the distance threshold is 500-1000m, and calculating the overall connectivity indexes of different years And possibly connectivity indexJudging whether the change trend of the indexes is the same under different distance thresholds;
S302, considering the diffusion condition of the migration of wild animals and plants, primarily determining a distance threshold value to be 500m for research, when the distance threshold value is 500m, The number of the components to be added is increased,An increase;
s303, using ARCGIS software to index the importance of the plaque according to a method of natural break points The method is divided into 5 grades, namely a high grade, a higher grade, a medium grade, a lower grade and a low grade.
Preferably, in step S302, when the distance threshold is 500m,Increasing from 0.127 to 0.429,The change in the fraction of the group from 0.139 to 0.442 and over 30 years showed a tendency of three peaks and two valleys.
Preferably, step S4 comprises the steps of:
S401, performing field investigation and field investigation of water connectivity along the road, and completing field photographing, video recording, unmanned aerial vehicle photographing and three-dimensional laser scanning along the road to obtain field point location data of bridges and tunnels;
s402, importing the data into ARCGIS, and analyzing the influence scope of different road layout forms on the water connectivity.
The invention also provides a trend research analysis system of the road domain water body function connectivity threshold value determination method, which comprises
The data acquisition and index construction module is used for carrying out identification extraction on the road domain water body based on the GEE platform, forming a water body data set between 30 years on a road section, calculating connectivity indexes of the road domain water body and the like and establishing an index database;
the road domain water body function connectivity threshold determining module is used for simulating and analyzing an optimal suitable distance threshold of road domain water body function connectivity of a road section under a road scene or not;
the road domain water body function connectivity dynamic change module is used for acquiring space-time dynamic change characteristics of road domain water body function connectivity within 30 years;
And the road engineering lower threshold determining module is used for establishing a method for determining the optimal distance threshold of the water body function connectivity of the highway road domain under the bridge and culvert road engineering.
Therefore, the road domain water body function connectivity threshold determining method and the trend studying and judging analysis system have the following beneficial effects:
(1) The method is provided with different road scene modes, judges the optimal distance threshold value of the water connectivity of the road domain on the basis of the road scene modes, reveals the time-space dynamic change characteristics of the water connectivity for a plurality of years and screens important patches of the water, considers the inherent connectivity of the water from the whole road domain and reflects the dynamic change characteristics of the water connectivity in real time compared with the traditional water connectivity calculation;
(2) The method is different from the current hydrologic communication which is mostly limited to the communication condition of a macroscopic scale river network water system and the communication between pore water of microscopic scale soil, and the possible connectivity condition of the road domain water body and the threshold range thereof are obtained from the actual beginning.
The technical scheme of the invention is further described in detail through the drawings and the embodiments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of steps of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a technical route according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of link number and component number for a Qinghai-Tibet highway Grating road-less scenario in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a view coincidence probability index diagram of the Qinghai-Tibet highway in a land without road scenario according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the maximum component patch number in a Qinghai-Tibet highway Grating road-free scenario in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph of the maximum component area for a Qinghai-Tibet highway glabra non-road scenario in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a road buffer setting diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a graph of link number and component number for a road scene in Qinghai-Tibet highway lattice according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a graph of a view coincidence probability index under a road scene of a Qinghai-Tibet highway lattice section according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a graph showing overall connectivity index and potential connectivity index trends for different distance thresholds in 1990 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a graph showing overall connectivity index and possible connectivity index trends for different distance thresholds in 1995 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a graph of overall connectivity index and potential connectivity index trends for different distance thresholds in year 2000 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a graph of overall connectivity index and potential connectivity index trends for different distance thresholds in 2005 for an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a graph of overall connectivity index and possible connectivity index trends for different distance thresholds in 2010 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a graph of overall connectivity index and possible connectivity index trends for different distance thresholds of 2015 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 16 is a graph showing overall connectivity index and possible connectivity index trends for different distance thresholds in 2020, according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 17 is a graph showing overall connectivity index and potential connectivity index trends between 1990 and 2020 for an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of the plaque important area occupancy rate in 1990 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram of plaque importance area occupancy in 1995 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram of plaque importance area occupancy in year 2000 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram of the year 2005 plaque importance area occupancy rate according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 22 is a schematic diagram of plaque importance area occupancy in 2010 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 23 is a schematic diagram of a 2015 plaque importance area ratio according to an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 24 is a schematic diagram of plaque importance area occupancy in 2020 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 25 is a schematic diagram showing the comparison of water connectivity in a scenario of whether there is a road in the Qinghai-Tibet highway lattice section according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 26 is a schematic diagram showing the comparison of water connectivity in a scenario of whether there is a road in the Qinghai-Tibet highway lattice section according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 27 is a schematic diagram of a system structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more apparent, the embodiments of the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the embodiment of the application, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the application. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application. Examples of the embodiments are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to like or similar elements throughout or elements having like or similar functionality.
It should be noted that the terms "comprises" and "comprising," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or server that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following figures, and thus once an item is defined in one figure, no further definition or explanation thereof is necessary in the following figures.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, directions or positional relationships indicated by terms such as "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", etc., are directions or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, or those that are conventionally put in use, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements to be referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "disposed," "mounted," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, integrally connected, mechanically connected, electrically connected, directly connected, indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or in communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the method for determining the connectivity threshold of the water body function of the road domain, disclosed by the invention, comprises the following steps:
step S1, a GEE cloud platform-based water body judgment and extraction method is provided, a green and Tibetan highway road domain water body data set of the year 1990-2020 is formed, connectivity indexes of road domain water bodies and the like are calculated, and an index database is constructed. The method comprises the following specific steps:
S101, calculating images based on GEE cloud platform An index.The calculation formula of (2) is as follows: Wherein Representing the reflectivity of the near-infrared band,Representing the reflectivity of the red band of wavelengths,The reflectivity of the blue light wave band;
s102, setting Eliminating the influence of vegetation on a water body;
s103, establishing a water body extraction model based on a GEE-MNDWI-Ojin algorithm (Ostu), wherein the Ojin algorithm is used for automatically determining an optimal binarization threshold of an image, and the specific steps are as follows:
1) First, the information of the histogram is acquired:
var counts = ee.Array(ee.Dictionary(histogram).get('histogram'));
var means = ee.Array(ee.Dictionary(histogram).get('bucketMeans'));
var size = means.length().get([0]);
2) And then performing total counting and summation:
var total = counts.reduce(ee.Reducer.sum(), [0]).get([0]);
var sum = means.multiply(counts).reduce(ee.Reducer.sum(), [0]).get([0]);
var mean = sum.divide(total);
3) After the histogram is seen to calculate the inter-class variance, the mean with the largest variance is selected as the optimal threshold value by using mean. Sort (bss) get ([ -1 ]) according to the ordering of the inter-class variances.
S104, processing the image by using processImagewater functions, calculating a histogram of MNDWI, determining a threshold by using an Ojin algorithm, and generating a water mask. The method comprises the following specific steps:
① Determining whether the histogram exists or not by using var his_if=image. Reduce region ({ perform histogram of the calculated image, var his_if2=ee. Algorithms. If (his_if, his_if. Get ("MNDWI"), null);
② Calculating an Ostu threshold value according to the histogram condition by using get_water, and generating a water mask;
③ Finally, using this function var water=ee.algorithms.if ({ if histogram exists, calculate the water mask, otherwise return Null.
S105, acquiring a water body image dataset of the Qinghai-Tibet highway Grana section in the last 30 years of 1990-2020 by utilizing GETYEARLYWATER functions;
S106, importing the data into ARCGIS10.7, converting the raster data of the water body into a vector file through a raster element conversion tool, and generating a node file and a connection file. Through arcgis10.7, number fields and attribute fields are added to the body of water, and the required node files and connection files are generated in plug-ins Coneforinputs of arcgis 10.7. In the method, node files are areas of water patches;
S107, determining a distance threshold, wherein the distance threshold is the maximum reachable distance of the ecological flow and is used for judging the existence or strength of the ecological flow between the water patches in the research area. In the method, 9 distance thresholds of 100m, 200m, 400m, 500m, 1000m, 2000m, 5000m, 10000m and 20000m are set to analyze the water body function connectivity in 1990-2020, the range of the threshold is widened for deeply researching a proper threshold, and 12 distance thresholds of 100m, 200m, 400m, 500m, 750m, 1000m, 2000m, 3000m, 4000m, 5000m, 10000m and 20000m are set to independently analyze the function connectivity in 2020;
S108, after the node file and the connection file are acquired, calculating the functional connectivity of the water body through software Conefor2.6 according to the distance threshold set in the S105;
S109, selecting the number of links, the group number, the landscape coincidence probability index, the overall connectivity index, the possible connectivity index and the plaque importance index to comprehensively analyze the functional connectivity of the road domain water body and the optimal distance threshold value thereof.
Wherein the number of links is%) Refers to the number of connections between aqueous plaques in the study area;
Composition fraction% ) The method refers to the whole formed by the plaque which are connected with each other in a functional or structural way, the isolated water plaque forms one component and has no functional relation in different components, wherein the maximum component plaque number refers to the component number with the largest plaque number, and the maximum component area refers to the area of the component number with the largest plaque number;
landscape coincidence probability index:
;
in which In order to obtain the component number of the composition,Is a constituent partIs the sum of the sizes of all the plaques,Is the total area of the investigation region;
Integral connectivity index [ ] ) Based on a binary connection model, the condition of direct communication between any two water plaques is described;
;
Wherein: is the number of water plaques; And Plaque respectivelyAndIs a part of the area of (2); Is plaque And plaqueThe number of links on the shortest path between; Is the total area of the investigation region. When it isWhen=0, it indicates that there is no connection between the water patches;
possible connectivity index [ ] ) Based on a probability model, the probability of possible diffusion of water plaque in a research area is referred to;
;
Wherein: Is plaque AndMaximum diffusion probability, i.e. maximum connection probability.The closer its value is to 1, the better the functional connectivity,Is the total area of the investigation region;
plaque importance index:
;
in which And the connectivity index after eliminating a certain plaque.
And S2, simulating and analyzing an optimal suitable distance threshold value of the water body function connectivity of the Qinghai-Tibet highway lattice section Lu Yu under the condition of existence/non-existence of roads. The method comprises the following specific steps:
S201, determining the distances of road impact buffers of different grades by adopting international common standards and setting road/no road scenes to illustrate the impact of roads on the Qinghai-Tibet highway lattice section of water connectivity, wherein the impact domain of highways is 1000m, national roads is 500m, provincial roads is 500m, county roads is 250m and rural roads are 100m, and erasing road network impact domains from landscape habitats as road scenes by using erasing commands in ARCGIS;
S202, in the situation without roads, the link number NL, the landscape coincidence probability index LCP, the maximum component patch number and the maximum component area are in an increasing trend along with the increase of the distance threshold value, and the component number overall is in a gradually decreasing trend, so that the threshold value is divided into 4 intervals as shown in figures 3,4, 5 and 6,
The distance threshold is in the range of 100-500m,The value drops rapidly from 2223 to 1221,The value increased from 543 to 2031, the maximum component plaque number increased from 15 to 88, the maximum component area increased from 16.967km 2 to 19.257km 2, within this interval,The value of the product is obviously reduced,The value and the maximum component plaque number are rapidly increased, so that the functional connectivity is easily influenced by a threshold value in the range of the distance threshold value, the functional connectivity has important significance for the stability of the ecological system, and if the functional connectivity changes obviously because of the influence of the threshold value, the interval is not suitable for describing the functional connectivity;
The distance threshold is in the range of 500-1000m, The value decreases from 1221 to 664, the maximum component plaque number increases from 88 to 180, and the maximum component area increases from 19.257km 2 to 29.328km 2, within this interval,Although the value is still decreasing, the speed is slow, the maximum component plaque number and the maximum component area are not changed greatly, which indicates that the function connectivity is stable in the interval, and the analysis of the function connectivity is facilitated;
the distance threshold is in the range of 1000-3000m, The value is reduced from 664 to 157, the maximum component plaque number is increased from 180 to 830, the maximum component area is increased from 29.328km 2 to 142.071km 2, the landscape coincidence probability index is increased from 0.581 to 0.826, the maximum component plaque number, the maximum component area and the landscape coincidence probability index change in the interval are large, the internal stability is poor, the components are components of the landscape, and the poor stability can affect the continuity of functional communication;
The distance threshold is >3000m, the component number gradually and gently decreases to 3, the maximum component plaque number and the maximum component area suddenly increase, the landscape coincidence probability index gradually increases and approaches to 1, the component number of the water body plaque is reduced to 1 and does not change along with the continuous increase of the distance threshold, all the plaque belongs to 1 component, and in the interval, all the plaque can be connected with each other and can serve as an ecological habitat, but the ecological habitat does not accord with the actual situation of a research area;
S203, obtaining through analysis, wherein the functional connectivity is suitable to be studied within a distance threshold range of 500-1000 m.
S204, as shown in fig. 7, 8 and 9, in the situation of roads, the range of the distance threshold value is not changed greatly and is still in the range of 500-1000m, but after the road is interfered, the connectivity index of the water body is obviously reduced, wherein、AndThe mean values of the indices decreased from 0.685, 0.529 and 0.579 to 0.669, 0.526 and 0.560, respectively. The landscape connectivity index for different distance threshold conditions all showed a decreasing trend. The characteristics of the connectivity change of the road domain water body functions of the traffic corridor in the Qinghai-Tibet area under the condition of whether the road exists or not are shown in the following table.
TABLE 1 road area Water function connectivity variation characteristics of Qinghai-Tibet area traffic corridor in road scenario
And step S3, the space-time dynamic change characteristics of the road domain water body function connectivity in the last 30 years of 1990-2020 are disclosed. The method comprises the following specific steps:
S301, taking 2020 as an example, determining a suitable distance threshold value range to be 500-1000m, and calculating the overall connectivity indexes of different years ) And possibly connectivity index [ ]) To determine whether the trend of the index change is the same at different distance thresholds. As shown in fig. 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16, different distance thresholds in 1990-2020AndThe values, although different in size, have the same trend of variation,AndOverall, there is a trend of increasing, but possibly connectivity indexIs always overall greater than the overall connectivity indexThis is due toAndThe main difference between these is that the former is based on a binary connection model, and the latter relies on a more detailed probabilistic connection model;
s302, the proper range of the threshold value is determined, and the diffusion condition of the migration of the wild animals and plants is considered, so that the distance threshold value is primarily set to be 500m, and subsequent researches are carried out. As can be seen from FIG. 17, at a distance threshold of 500m, the overall connectivity index [ ] ) And possibly connectivity index [ ]) There is a trend towards an increasing number of times,From 0.127 in 1990 to 0.429 in 2020,Increasing from 0.139 in 1990 to 0.442.
As can be seen from the table, the composition is a unit consisting of a set of connected plaques, and at a distance threshold of 500m, the change in composition score from 1990 to 2020 exhibited a trend of "three peaks two valleys", with the composition score in 1995 being the smallest and the composition score in 1990 being the largest.
Table 2 group score, plaque importance level area and ratio in 1990-2020
S303, plaque importance index in functional analysis of plaqueMore spatial location information of the plaque is contained and is therefore more advantageous. Using ARCGIS software to index plaque importance according to natural break point methodThe method is divided into 5 grades, namely a high grade, a higher grade, a medium grade, a lower grade and a low grade. The high-grade regions are mainly distributed near the investigation region Chu Maer river and the naltrexone river, and the low-grade regions are distributed in the north of the investigation region, i.e. the region near the gelm river. As shown in fig. 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24,1990-2020, the plaque importance low-level areas are relatively high, 66.775%, 63.161%, 56.201%, 73.323%, 49.175%, 57.093% and 55.755%, respectively, wherein the plaque importance low-level areas are the smallest area ratio in 2010, the area is 298.370km 2, the area in 2005 is the largest area, 602.913km 2, the plaque importance high-level areas are ranked 2020 >2015 >2010 >2000 >2005 >1990 >1995, the plaque importance high-level areas are 280.846km 2, the area ratio is 35.217%, the area ratio in 1995 is 98.360km 2, the plaque importance high-level areas are ranked 2005 >1990 >2000 >1995 >2015, the plaque importance medium-level areas are ranked 2005 >1995 > 2000.
And S4, establishing a determination method of the optimal distance threshold of the water body function connectivity of the Qinghai-Tibet highway road domain under road engineering such as bridges and culverts. The method comprises the following specific steps:
s401, performing field investigation and on-site investigation of water connectivity along the line of the Qinghai-Tibet highway, and completing on-site photographing, video recording, unmanned aerial vehicle photographing, three-dimensional laser scanning and the like along the line of the highway to obtain on-site point location data of bridges and tunnels;
s402, importing data into ARCGIS, and analyzing the influence scope of different road layout forms on the water connectivity, wherein the water connectivity is better in the non-road crossing situation, the water connectivity is influenced to a certain extent by the places such as bridges, culverts and the like which are provided with roads and are built along the roads, and the influence scope is not more than 1000m as shown in fig. 25 and 26.
As shown in fig. 27, the trend analysis system of the method for determining the connectivity threshold of the road domain function according to the present invention includes:
(1) The data acquisition and index construction module is used for judging and extracting the road domain water body based on the GEE platform to form a water body data set in 1990-2020, calculating connectivity indexes of the road domain water body and the like and establishing an index database;
(2) The road domain water body function connectivity threshold determining module is used for simulating and analyzing an optimal suitable distance threshold of the water body function connectivity of the Qinghai-Tibet highway lattice section Lu Yu under the condition of existence/non-existence of roads;
(3) The road domain water body function connectivity dynamic change module is a space-time dynamic change characteristic of road domain water body function connectivity of the last 30 years of 1990-2020;
(4) And the road engineering lower threshold determining module is used for establishing a determining method of the optimal distance threshold of the water body function connectivity of the Qinghai-Tibet highway road domain under the road engineering such as bridges, culverts and the like.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solution of the present invention may be modified or substituted by the same, and the modified or substituted technical solution may not deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1.一种路域水体功能连通性阈值确定方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：1. A method for determining a threshold value of functional connectivity of a road-area water body, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: 步骤S1：提出基于GEE云平台水体判识的提取方法，形成若干年公路路域水体数据集，计算路域水体连通性指数并构建指标数据库；Step S1: Propose an extraction method for water body identification based on the GEE cloud platform, form a data set of highway water bodies for several years, calculate the highway water body connectivity index and construct an index database; 步骤S2：模拟并分析在有无道路情景下公路路域水体功能连通性的最佳距离阈值；Step S2: Simulate and analyze the optimal distance threshold of functional connectivity of water bodies in highway areas with or without roads; 步骤S3：揭示若干年公路路域水体功能连通性的时空动态变化特征；Step S3: reveal the spatiotemporal dynamic change characteristics of water body functional connectivity in highway areas over several years; 步骤S4：建立桥梁、涵洞道路工程下的公路路域水体功能连通性最佳距离阈值的确定方法；Step S4: establishing a method for determining the optimal distance threshold of functional connectivity of water bodies in highway areas under bridge and culvert road projects; 步骤S5：通过上述步骤设计研制路域功能连通性阈值确定方法及趋势研判分析系统；Step S5: Design and develop a road functional connectivity threshold determination method and a trend analysis system through the above steps; 步骤S1包括以下步骤：Step S1 includes the following steps: S101.基于GEE云平台计算影像的指数，建立路域水体数据集；S101. Computational imaging based on GEE cloud platform Index, establish road area water body dataset; 的计算公式为： The calculation formula is: ； ; 其中代表近红外波段反射率，代表红波段的反射率，为蓝光波段的反射率；in represents the reflectivity in the near-infrared band, represents the reflectivity of the red band, is the reflectivity of the blue light band; S102.设置，剔除植被对水体造成的影响；S102. Settings , eliminate the impact of vegetation on water bodies; S103.建立基于GEE-MNDWI-大津算法Ostu的水体提取模型，自动确定图像的最佳二值化阈值；S103. Establish a water extraction model based on GEE-MNDWI-Otsu algorithm Ostu to automatically determine the optimal binarization threshold of the image; S104.使用 processImagewater 函数处理影像，计算MNDWI的直方图并使用大津算法确定阈值并生成水体掩膜；S104. Use the processImagewater function to process the image, calculate the histogram of MNDWI and use the Otsu algorithm to determine the threshold and generate a water mask; S105.利用getYearlywater函数获取公路路段30年间的水体影像数据集；S105. Use the getYearlywater function to obtain a water image dataset of a highway section over the past 30 years; S106.将数据导入ARCGIS10.7中，将水体的栅格数据通过栅格转要素工具转为矢量文件并产生节点文件和连接文件；通过ArcGIS10.7，为水体添加编号字段和属性字段，并在ArcGIS10.7的插件Coneforinputs中产生所需的节点文件和连接文件，节点文件为水体斑块的面积；S106. Import the data into ARCGIS10.7, convert the raster data of the water body into a vector file through the raster to feature tool and generate a node file and a connection file; add a number field and an attribute field to the water body through ArcGIS10.7, and generate the required node file and connection file in the ArcGIS10.7 plug-in Coneforinputs, where the node file is the area of the water body patch; S107.确定距离阈值，设定100m、200m、400m、500m、1000m、2000m、5000m、10000m及20000m共9个距离阈值对30年间的水体功能连通性进行分析，将对阈值范围进行拓宽，设定100m、200m、400m、500m、750m、1000m、2000m、3000m、4000m、5000m、10000m及20000m共12个距离阈值对30年间最后一年的水体功能连通性进行单独分析；S107. Determine the distance thresholds, set 9 distance thresholds of 100m, 200m, 400m, 500m, 1000m, 2000m, 5000m, 10000m and 20000m to analyze the functional connectivity of water bodies during 30 years, and expand the threshold range to set 12 distance thresholds of 100m, 200m, 400m, 500m, 750m, 1000m, 2000m, 3000m, 4000m, 5000m, 10000m and 20000m to analyze the functional connectivity of water bodies in the last year of 30 years separately; S108.获取节点文件和连接文件后，依据S105设定的距离阈值，通过软件Conefor2.6计算水体的功能连通性；S108. After obtaining the node file and the connection file, the functional connectivity of the water body is calculated using the software Conefor2.6 according to the distance threshold set in S105; S109.选取链接数、组分数、景观重合概率指数、整体连通性指数、可能连通性指数及斑块重要性指数综合分析路域水体的功能连通性及其最适距离阈值。S109. Select the number of links, number of components, landscape overlap probability index, overall connectivity index, possible connectivity index and patch importance index to comprehensively analyze the functional connectivity of road-area water bodies and their optimal distance threshold. 2.根据权利要求1所述的路域水体功能连通性阈值确定方法，其特征在于：步骤S109中，链接数指研究区内水体斑块之间的连接数量；2. The method for determining the functional connectivity threshold of road-area water bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S109, the number of links Refers to the number of connections between water patches in the study area; 组分数指功能或者结构上相互连接的斑块组成的整体，孤立的水体斑块会形成一个组件且不同的组件中无功能关系，其中最大组分斑块数指斑块数量最多的组分数，最大组分面积指斑块数量最多的组分数的面积；Number of components Refers to the whole composed of patches that are interconnected in function or structure. Isolated water patches will form a component and there is no functional relationship between different components. The maximum number of component patches refers to the number of components with the largest number of patches, and the maximum component area refers to the area of the number of components with the largest number of patches. 景观重合概率指数：Landscape overlap probability index: ； ; 式中，为组分数，是组成部分的所有斑块的大小之和，是研究区的总面积；In the formula, is the number of components, Is a component The sum of the sizes of all patches, is the total area of the study area; 整体连通性指数：是基于二元连接的模型，说明其任意两个水体斑块之间直接连通的情况；Overall Connectivity Index ：It is a model based on binary connection, which describes the direct connection between any two water patches; ； ; 式中，为水体斑块的数量；和分别为斑块和的面积；为斑块与斑块间最短路径上的链接数；为研究区的总面积，；In the formula, is the number of water patches; and Plaque and area; For plaque With plaque The number of links on the shortest path between is the total area of the study area, ; 可能连通性指数：是指研究区内水体斑块可能的扩散的概率，基于概率模型；Possible connectivity index : refers to the probability of possible spread of water patches in the study area, based on the probability model; ； ; 式中，为斑块和间最大扩散概率，，为研究区的总面积；In the formula, For plaque and The maximum diffusion probability, , is the total area of the study area; 斑块重要性指数：Patch Importance Index : ； ; 式中，表示剔除某斑块后的连接度指数。In the formula, Represents the connectivity index after removing a patch. 3.根据权利要求2所述的路域水体功能连通性阈值确定方法，其特征在于：步骤S2包括以下步骤：3. The method for determining the functional connectivity threshold of road water bodies according to claim 2, characterized in that step S2 comprises the following steps: S201.采用国际常用标准，设置有无道路情景，确定不同等级公路影响缓冲区距离：其中高速公路的影响域为1000m，国道为500m，省道为500m，县道为250m及乡道为100m，并在ARCGIS中用擦除命令将路网影响域从景观生境中擦除作为有道路的情景；S201. Use international common standards to set up scenarios with or without roads and determine the distances of buffer zones for highways of different levels: the impact zone of expressways is 1000m, national highways are 500m, provincial highways are 500m, county roads are 250m, and township roads are 100m. Use the erase command in ARCGIS to erase the road network impact zone from the landscape habitat as a scenario with roads; S202.在没有道路的情景下，将阈值划分为以下4个区间：S202. In the case of no road, the threshold is divided into the following four intervals: 距离阈值为100-500m，值下降，值增加，最大组分斑块数增加，最大组分面积增加；The distance threshold is 100-500m, The value decreases, As the value increases, the number of patches of the largest component increases, and the area of the largest component increases; 距离阈值为500-1000m，值减少，最大组分斑块数增加，最大组分面积增加；The distance threshold is 500-1000m, As the value decreases, the number of patches of the largest component increases, and the area of the largest component increases; 距离阈值为1000-3000m，值减少，最大组分斑块数增加，最大组分面积增加，景观重合概率指数增加；The distance threshold is 1000-3000m, As the value decreases, the number of patches of the largest component increases, the area of the largest component increases, and the landscape coincidence probability index increases; 距离阈值为>3000m，组分数减小，最大组分斑块数和最大组分面积增加，景观重合概率指数增加；When the distance threshold is >3000m, the number of components decreases, the number of maximum component patches and the maximum component area increase, and the landscape overlap probability index increases; 通过分析选择500-1000m的距离阈值范围内进行功能连通性的研究；The functional connectivity study was conducted within the distance threshold range of 500-1000m selected through analysis; S203.在有道路的情景下，、及指数的均值下降。S203. In the case of roads, , and The mean of the index decreases. 4.根据权利要求3所述的路域水体功能连通性阈值确定方法，其特征在于：步骤S202中，距离阈值为100-500m，值由2223下降至1221，值由543增加至2031，最大组分斑块数由15增加到88，最大组分面积由16.967km2增加至19.257km2；4. The method for determining the functional connectivity threshold of road water bodies according to claim 3, characterized in that: in step S202, the distance threshold is 100-500m, The value dropped from 2223 to 1221. The value increased from 543 to 2031, the number of patches of the largest component increased from 15 to 88, and the area of the largest component increased from 16.967 km 2 to 19.257 km 2 ; 距离阈值为500-1000m，值由1221减少至664，最大组分斑块数由88增加到180，最大组分面积从19.257km2增加至29.328km2；The distance threshold is 500-1000m, The value decreased from 1221 to 664, the number of patches of the largest component increased from 88 to 180, and the area of the largest component increased from 19.257 km 2 to 29.328 km 2 ; 距离阈值为1000-3000m，值由664减少至157，最大组分斑块数由180增加到830，最大组分面积从29.328km2增加至142.071km2，景观重合概率指数从0.581增加至0.826；The distance threshold is 1000-3000m, The value decreased from 664 to 157, the number of patches of the largest component increased from 180 to 830, the area of the largest component increased from 29.328 km 2 to 142.071 km 2 , and the landscape coincidence probability index increased from 0.581 to 0.826; 距离阈值为>3000m，组分数减小至3，随着距离阈值的不断增加，水体斑块的组分数将会减小至1且不变化，所有的斑块同属于1个组分；When the distance threshold is >3000m, the number of components decreases to 3. As the distance threshold increases, the number of components of the water patch will decrease to 1 and remain unchanged, and all patches belong to the same component. 步骤S203中，、及指数的均值分别由0.685、0.529及0.579下降至0.669、0.526及0.560。In step S203, , and The mean values of the index dropped from 0.685, 0.529 and 0.579 to 0.669, 0.526 and 0.560 respectively. 5.根据权利要求4所述的路域水体功能连通性阈值确定方法，其特征在于：步骤S3包括以下步骤：5. The method for determining the functional connectivity threshold of road water bodies according to claim 4, characterized in that step S3 comprises the following steps: S301.确定距离阈值范围为500-1000m，通过计算不同年份的整体连通性指数和可能连通性指数来判断在不同的距离阈值下，指数的变化趋势是否相同；S301. Determine the distance threshold range to be 500-1000m, and calculate the overall connectivity index in different years and possible connectivity index To determine whether the changing trend of the index is the same under different distance thresholds; S302.考虑野生动植物迁徙的扩散情况，初步将距离阈值定为500m进行研究，在距离阈值为500m时，增加，增加；S302. Considering the spread of wild animal and plant migration, the distance threshold is initially set at 500m for research. When the distance threshold is 500m, Increase, Increase; S303.利用ARCGIS软件，按照自然间断点的方法将斑块重要性指数分为5个等级，分别为高等级、较高等级、中等级、较低等级及低等级。S303. Using ARCGIS software, the patch importance index was calculated according to the natural break point method. It is divided into 5 levels, namely high level, higher level, medium level, lower level and low level. 6.根据权利要求5所述的路域水体功能连通性阈值确定方法，其特征在于：步骤S302中，在距离阈值为500m时，从0.127增加至0.429，由0.139增加至0.442；30年间组分数的变化呈现三峰两谷的趋势。6. The method for determining the functional connectivity threshold of road water bodies according to claim 5, characterized in that: in step S302, when the distance threshold is 500m, From 0.127 to 0.429, It increased from 0.139 to 0.442; the change of component number in 30 years showed a trend of three peaks and two valleys. 7.根据权利要求6所述的路域水体功能连通性阈值确定方法，其特征在于：步骤S4包括以下步骤：7. The method for determining the functional connectivity threshold of road water bodies according to claim 6, characterized in that step S4 comprises the following steps: S401.在公路沿线开展水体连通度的野外考察及现场调研工作，完成公路沿线的现场拍照、录像、记录、无人机拍摄、三维激光扫描，得到桥梁和隧道的实地点位数据；S401. Carry out field investigation and on-site survey of water connectivity along the highway, complete on-site photography, video recording, recording, drone photography, and 3D laser scanning along the highway, and obtain on-site location data of bridges and tunnels; S402.将数据导入ARCGIS中，分析不同道路布设形式对水体连通性造成的影响范围。S402. Import the data into ARCGIS to analyze the impact of different road layouts on water connectivity. 8.根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的一种路域水体功能连通性阈值确定方法的趋势研判分析系统，其特征在于：包括8. A trend analysis system for determining a threshold value of functional connectivity of road water bodies according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: 数据获取及指数构建模块：基于GEE平台进行路域水体的判识提取，形成公路路段30年间的水体数据集，计算路域水体等连通性指数并建立指标数据库；Data acquisition and index construction module: Based on the GEE platform, the water bodies in the road area are identified and extracted to form a water body data set for the highway section over the past 30 years, and the connectivity index of the water bodies in the road area is calculated to establish an index database; 路域水体功能连通性阈值确定模块：模拟并分析有无道路情景下公路路段路域水体功能连通性的最佳适宜距离阈值；Road-area water body functional connectivity threshold determination module: simulate and analyze the optimal suitable distance threshold of road-area water body functional connectivity in highway sections with or without roads; 路域水体功能连通性动态变化模块：获取30年间的路域水体功能连通性的时空动态变化特征；Dynamic Change Module of Functional Connectivity of Road-area Water Bodies: Obtain the spatiotemporal dynamic change characteristics of functional connectivity of road-area water bodies over the past 30 years; 道路工程下阈值确定模块：建立桥梁、涵洞道路工程下的公路路域水体功能连通性最佳距离阈值的确定方法。Threshold determination module for road engineering: establish a method to determine the optimal distance threshold for functional connectivity of water bodies in highway areas under bridge and culvert road engineering.
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