CN118583070A - A device and method for measuring optical fiber mode field diameter based on far-field aperture method - Google Patents
A device and method for measuring optical fiber mode field diameter based on far-field aperture method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域Technical Field
本发明属于光通信技术领域，涉及一种基于远场孔径法的光纤模场直径测量装置及方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of optical communication, and relates to a device and method for measuring optical fiber mode field diameter based on a far-field aperture method.
背景技术Background Art
单模光纤通信容量大，便于铺设与运输，在光纤通信中作用极大。单模光纤的一个重要参数——模场直径，可以用来描述光在光纤中传播的全反射截面最大直径，以及光纤所传输的光能的集中程度。模场直径与纤芯直径不同，对于均匀单模光纤，基模场强在光纤横截面上近似呈高斯分布，通常将光纤中场强分布曲线最大值处所对应的宽度定义为模场直径。模场直径是光纤通信中一个非常重要的参数，通过它可以得到光纤的很多重要特性，如耦合效率、弯曲损耗等。因此，模场直径的准确测量对于提高光纤通信系统的工程质量等具有重大意义。模场直径的测量已有多种方法，例如：1、专利号为CN115824071A，名称为一种测量光纤的纤芯有效直径的装置及方法的发明专利中，提供了一种测量光纤的纤芯有效直径的装置及方法，能够实现模场直径和数值孔径的测试，且能够适用多尺寸多类型的光纤；2、公开专利号为CN115373080A的发明专利中，提出了一种高模场耦合效率的高精细度空芯光纤谐振腔及其构建方法，提升了空芯光纤谐振腔整体的检测性能。Single-mode optical fiber has a large communication capacity and is easy to lay and transport, and plays a huge role in optical fiber communication. An important parameter of single-mode optical fiber, the mode field diameter, can be used to describe the maximum diameter of the total reflection cross section of light propagating in the optical fiber, as well as the concentration of the light energy transmitted by the optical fiber. The mode field diameter is different from the core diameter. For uniform single-mode optical fiber, the fundamental mode field strength is approximately Gaussian distributed on the optical fiber cross section. The width corresponding to the maximum value of the field strength distribution curve in the optical fiber is usually defined as the mode field diameter. The mode field diameter is a very important parameter in optical fiber communication. It can be used to obtain many important characteristics of the optical fiber, such as coupling efficiency, bending loss, etc. Therefore, the accurate measurement of the mode field diameter is of great significance for improving the engineering quality of optical fiber communication systems. There are many methods for measuring the mode field diameter, for example: 1. The invention patent with patent number CN115824071A, entitled A device and method for measuring the effective core diameter of an optical fiber, provides a device and method for measuring the effective core diameter of an optical fiber, which can realize the test of mode field diameter and numerical aperture, and can be applied to optical fibers of multiple sizes and types; 2. The invention patent with patent number CN115373080A proposes a high-fineness hollow-core optical fiber resonator with high mode field coupling efficiency and a construction method thereof, which improves the overall detection performance of the hollow-core optical fiber resonator.
但是，目前光纤模场直径的测量尚存在以下技术难点：1、手动测量方式操作复杂，难以学习，一旦操作不慎容易出现较重错误；2、自动测量方式精度欠佳，且容易出现难以排除的系统误差。However, the current measurement of optical fiber mode field diameter still has the following technical difficulties: 1. The manual measurement method is complicated to operate and difficult to learn, and serious errors are likely to occur if the operation is not careful; 2. The automatic measurement method has poor accuracy and is prone to systematic errors that are difficult to eliminate.
发明内容Summary of the invention
针对现有技术的缺陷和改进需求，本发明提供了一种基于远场孔径法的光纤模场直径测量装置及方法，其目的在于以简洁易懂的方式高精度测量光纤的模场直径，并令使用者能够检出和排除绝大多数系统误差。In view of the defects of the prior art and the need for improvement, the present invention provides a device and method for measuring the mode field diameter of an optical fiber based on the far-field aperture method, the purpose of which is to measure the mode field diameter of the optical fiber with high precision in a concise and easy-to-understand manner, and to enable the user to detect and eliminate most system errors.
为实现上述目的，按照本发明的一个方面，提供了一种光纤模场直径测量装置，包括：小孔光阑、聚焦模块和光功率计；待测光纤的输出端发射的光经过小孔光阑被部分遮挡后入射至所述聚焦模块，所述光功率计位于所述聚焦模块的焦平面，用于测量小孔光阑从离聚焦模块最近处向发射端移动过程中一系列焦平面处的光功率；结合小孔光阑的位置计算光纤模场直径。To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a device for measuring the mode field diameter of an optical fiber, comprising: a pinhole diaphragm, a focusing module and an optical power meter; the light emitted from the output end of the optical fiber to be measured is partially blocked by the pinhole diaphragm and then incident on the focusing module, the optical power meter is located in the focal plane of the focusing module, and is used to measure the optical power at a series of focal planes during the movement of the pinhole diaphragm from the point closest to the focusing module to the emission end; the mode field diameter of the optical fiber is calculated in combination with the position of the pinhole diaphragm.
进一步地，待测光纤的输出端与小孔光阑的中心、聚焦模块的中心在一条水平直线上。Furthermore, the output end of the optical fiber to be tested, the center of the pinhole aperture, and the center of the focusing module are on a horizontal straight line.
进一步地，所述聚焦模块为凸透镜。Furthermore, the focusing module is a convex lens.
本发明还提供了一种基于上述光纤模场直径测量装置的光纤模场直径测量方法，包括以下步骤：The present invention also provides a method for measuring the mode field diameter of an optical fiber based on the above optical fiber mode field diameter measuring device, comprising the following steps:
将光源发出的光耦合至所述待测光纤，光经待测光纤的输出端输出后照射至小孔光阑，对待测光纤的输出端的位置进行调节，使待测光纤的输出端与小孔光阑的中心、聚焦模块的中心在一条水平直线上；The light emitted by the light source is coupled to the optical fiber to be tested, and the light is outputted from the output end of the optical fiber to be tested and then irradiated to the pinhole aperture, and the position of the output end of the optical fiber to be tested is adjusted so that the output end of the optical fiber to be tested and the center of the pinhole aperture and the center of the focusing module are in a horizontal straight line;
将小孔光阑移动至离聚焦模块最近处，然后逐渐将小孔光阑向发射端移动，记下一系列焦平面处的光功率读数Pi与对应的位置zi，计算光纤模场直径ωG。Move the pinhole diaphragm to the closest point to the focusing module, and then gradually move the pinhole diaphragm toward the transmitting end, record a series of optical power readings P i at the focal plane and the corresponding positions z i , and calculate the fiber mode field diameter ω G .
进一步地，还包括以下步骤：Furthermore, the method further comprises the following steps:
将小孔光阑移开，记下此时关闭光源时环境光的功率Pe与打开光源时功率计接收的最大功率Pmax。Move the pinhole diaphragm away and record the power Pe of the ambient light when the light source is turned off and the maximum power Pmax received by the power meter when the light source is turned on.
进一步地，光纤模场直径ωG由下式确定：Furthermore, the optical fiber mode field diameter ω G is determined by the following formula:
其中，λ为光源发出的光的波长，k为拟合的一次函数的斜率，所述一次函数以sin2θi为横坐标值，为纵坐标值，光纤孔径角sinθi表示为：Wherein, λ is the wavelength of the light emitted by the light source, k is the slope of the fitted linear function, and the linear function has sin 2 θ i as the horizontal coordinate value, is the ordinate value, and the fiber aperture angle sinθ i is expressed as:
小孔光阑的光功率Pαi由下式确定：The optical power P αi of the pinhole aperture is determined by the following formula:
Pαi＝Pi-Pe P αi =P i -P e
其中，Pe为环境光功率，Pi为焦平面处的光功率读数，zi为小孔光阑的位置，Pmax为将小孔光阑移开且打开光源时光功率计接收的最大功率，R为小孔光阑的半径。Where Pe is the ambient light power, Pi is the light power reading at the focal plane, Zi is the position of the pinhole diaphragm, Pmax is the maximum power received by the optical power meter when the pinhole diaphragm is removed and the light source is turned on, and R is the radius of the pinhole diaphragm.
需要说明的是，本发明的系统误差主要在于：1、为近似式，实际公式为计算中将近似为sinθ，实际结果偏大；2、光阑中心与光斑中心存在偏差，实际结果偏小；3、由于光不能做到1:1的耦合，实际结果偏小。但是，现有的仪器精度足以将误差控制在光工程产业要求范围内，不会对实际应用产生可见影响。It should be noted that the system errors of the present invention are mainly: 1. is an approximate formula, the actual formula is Calculation 1. The approximate value is sinθ, so the actual result is too large; 2. There is a deviation between the center of the aperture and the center of the light spot, so the actual result is too small; 3. Since the light cannot be coupled 1:1, the actual result is too small. However, the existing instrument accuracy is sufficient to control the error within the range required by the optical engineering industry, and will not have a visible impact on practical applications.
总体而言，通过本发明所构思的以上技术方案，能够取得以下有益效果：In general, the above technical solutions conceived by the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:
(1)针对光纤模场直径测量领域中手动测量方式操作复杂，难以学习的问题，本发明采用一种简洁易懂的方式构建实验仪器，所涉及的光学器件均为实验室常用设备，设备具有结构简单，成本低廉，容易获得的特点，易于使用者学习和掌握。(1) In order to solve the problem that the manual measurement method in the field of optical fiber mode field diameter measurement is complicated to operate and difficult to learn, the present invention adopts a simple and easy-to-understand method to construct an experimental instrument. The optical devices involved are all commonly used laboratory equipment. The equipment has the characteristics of simple structure, low cost, easy acquisition, and easy for users to learn and master.
(2)针对光纤模场直径测量领域中手动测量方式一旦操作不慎容易出现较重错误的问题，本发明在测量过程中引入实验检验，构建了一种容易检出和排除绝大多数实验错误的方法，具体包括：将光阑移开，并将挡光布放下，记下此时关闭激光发射器时环境光的功率Pe与打开激光发射器时功率计接收的最大功率Pmax；然后将光阑的半径调至适当大小R，使得光阑在一个比较大的范围内移动时，光功率的变化较为显著，移动过程中小孔光阑要始终遮挡部分激光，保证Pa<Pmax；接下来，将调好的光阑移动至离凸透镜最近处，然后逐渐将光阑向发射端移动，记下一系列光功率读数Pi与对应的位置zi，并计算光纤模场直径的测试值ωG0。此方法能有效查出仪器构建过程中的常见错误，有利于防止实验人员操作不慎的情况。(2) In view of the problem that the manual measurement method in the field of optical fiber mode field diameter measurement is prone to serious errors if the operation is not careful, the present invention introduces experimental inspection in the measurement process and constructs a method that can easily detect and eliminate most experimental errors, specifically including: removing the diaphragm and putting down the light shielding cloth, recording the power Pe of the ambient light when the laser transmitter is turned off and the maximum power P max received by the power meter when the laser transmitter is turned on; then adjusting the radius of the diaphragm to an appropriate size R, so that when the diaphragm moves within a relatively large range, the change of the optical power is more significant, and the small hole diaphragm should always block part of the laser during the movement to ensure that Pa <P max ; next, move the adjusted diaphragm to the closest point to the convex lens, and then gradually move the diaphragm toward the transmitting end, record a series of optical power readings P i and corresponding positions z i , and calculate the test value ω G0 of the optical fiber mode field diameter. This method can effectively detect common errors in the instrument construction process and is conducive to preventing the situation where the experimenter operates carelessly.
(3)针对光纤模场直径测量领域中自动测量方式精度欠佳的问题，本发明构建了一种高精度测量光纤模场直径的方法，该方法的系统误差小，且能够先验排除错误，精度高于一般光纤模场直径测量方法。(3) In order to solve the problem of poor accuracy of automatic measurement methods in the field of optical fiber mode field diameter measurement, the present invention constructs a method for measuring optical fiber mode field diameter with high accuracy. The method has a small system error and can eliminate errors a priori. Its accuracy is higher than that of general optical fiber mode field diameter measurement methods.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
图1为本发明实施例提供的基于远场孔径法的光纤模场直径测量装置的结构示意图；FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical fiber mode field diameter measurement device based on a far-field aperture method provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图2为本发明提供的基于远场孔径法的光纤模场直径测量方法的流程示意图。FIG2 is a schematic flow chart of a method for measuring the mode field diameter of an optical fiber based on the far-field aperture method provided by the present invention.
具体实施方式DETAILED DESCRIPTION
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。此外，下面所描述的本发明各个实施方式中所涉及到的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互组合。In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
本发明提供了一种光纤模场直径测量装置，如图1所述，包括：小孔光阑、聚焦模块和光功率计；待测光纤的输出端发射的光经过小孔光阑被部分遮挡后入射至所述聚焦模块，所述光功率计位于所述聚焦模块的焦平面，用于测量小孔光阑从离聚焦模块最近处向发射端移动过程中一系列焦平面处的光功率；结合小孔光阑的位置计算光纤模场直径。The present invention provides an optical fiber mode field diameter measuring device, as shown in FIG1 , comprising: a pinhole diaphragm, a focusing module and an optical power meter; light emitted from the output end of the optical fiber to be measured is partially blocked by the pinhole diaphragm and then incident on the focusing module, the optical power meter is located in the focal plane of the focusing module, and is used to measure the optical power at a series of focal planes during the movement of the pinhole diaphragm from the point closest to the focusing module to the emission end; the optical fiber mode field diameter is calculated in combination with the position of the pinhole diaphragm.
具体地，待测光纤的输出端与小孔光阑的中心、聚焦模块的中心在一条水平直线上。Specifically, the output end of the optical fiber to be tested, the center of the pinhole aperture, and the center of the focusing module are on a horizontal straight line.
具体地，所述聚焦模块为凸透镜。Specifically, the focusing module is a convex lens.
本发明还提供了一种基于上述光纤模场直径测量装置的光纤模场直径测量方法，如图2所示，包括以下步骤：The present invention also provides a method for measuring the mode field diameter of an optical fiber based on the optical fiber mode field diameter measuring device, as shown in FIG2 , comprising the following steps:
将光源发出的光耦合至所述待测光纤，光经待测光纤的输出端输出后照射至小孔光阑，对待测光纤的输出端的位置进行调节，使待测光纤的输出端与小孔光阑的中心、聚焦模块的中心在一条水平直线上；The light emitted by the light source is coupled to the optical fiber to be tested, and the light is outputted from the output end of the optical fiber to be tested and then irradiated to the pinhole aperture, and the position of the output end of the optical fiber to be tested is adjusted so that the output end of the optical fiber to be tested and the center of the pinhole aperture and the center of the focusing module are in a horizontal straight line;
将小孔光阑移动至离聚焦模块最近处，然后逐渐将小孔光阑向发射端移动，记下一系列焦平面处的光功率读数Pi与对应的位置zi，计算光纤模场直径ωG。Move the pinhole diaphragm to the closest point to the focusing module, and then gradually move the pinhole diaphragm toward the transmitting end, record a series of optical power readings P i at the focal plane and the corresponding positions z i , and calculate the fiber mode field diameter ω G .
进一步地，还包括以下步骤：Furthermore, the method further comprises the following steps:
将小孔光阑移开，记下此时关闭光源时环境光的功率Pe与打开光源时功率计接收的最大功率Pmax。Move the pinhole diaphragm away and record the power Pe of the ambient light when the light source is turned off and the maximum power Pmax received by the power meter when the light source is turned on.
进一步地，光纤模场直径ωG由下式确定：Furthermore, the optical fiber mode field diameter ω G is determined by the following formula:
其中，λ为光源发出的光的波长，k为拟合的一次函数的斜率，所述一次函数以sin2θi为横坐标值，为纵坐标值，光纤孔径角sinθi表示为：Wherein, λ is the wavelength of the light emitted by the light source, k is the slope of the fitted linear function, and the linear function has sin 2 θ i as the horizontal coordinate value, is the ordinate value, and the fiber aperture angle sinθ i is expressed as:
小孔光阑的光功率Pαi由下式确定：The optical power P αi of the pinhole aperture is determined by the following formula:
Pαi＝Pi-Pe P αi =P i -P e
其中，Pe为环境光功率，Pi为焦平面处的光功率读数，zi为小孔光阑的位置，Pmax为将小孔光阑移开且打开光源时光功率计接收的最大功率，R为小孔光阑的半径。Where Pe is the ambient light power, Pi is the light power reading at the focal plane, Zi is the position of the pinhole diaphragm, Pmax is the maximum power received by the optical power meter when the pinhole diaphragm is removed and the light source is turned on, and R is the radius of the pinhole diaphragm.
为了实现上述方法，本发明给出具体示例：In order to implement the above method, the present invention provides specific examples:
实施例一Embodiment 1
一种光纤模场直径测量装置，包括：Realight公司生产的光具座、大恒光电生产的实验型光功率测量仪、电动光具座及光学聚焦系统，测试用光纤(ωG＝4.600μm)以及自研的650nm 10nW级He-Ne激光发射器、1310/1550nm1mW级激光发射器、小孔光阑、光纤跳线和挡光罩布。按照下列步骤搭建仪器：A fiber mode field diameter measurement device, including: an optical bench produced by Realight, an experimental optical power meter produced by Daheng Optoelectronics, an electric optical bench and an optical focusing system, a test optical fiber (ω G = 4.600μm), and a self-developed 650nm 10nW He-Ne laser transmitter, a 1310/1550nm 1mW laser transmitter, a pinhole aperture, a fiber jumper and a light shielding cloth. Follow the steps below to build the instrument:
S1、搭建光路，使得耦合光纤的出射端与小孔光阑的中心、光学透镜的中心尽量在一条水平直线上。S1. Build the optical path so that the output end of the coupling fiber, the center of the pinhole aperture, and the center of the optical lens are as straight as possible.
S2、将光纤出射端放置在稳定架上，使之端面平齐于稳定架边缘，调节稳定架至合适高度。将小孔光阑的小孔半径调至最小，调节光阑高度，使得光斑的中心恰好打在光阑中心。同样地，调节凸透镜高度，使得光斑中心与凸透镜中心大致重合。S2. Place the optical fiber output end on the stabilizer so that its end face is flush with the edge of the stabilizer and adjust the stabilizer to a suitable height. Adjust the aperture radius of the pinhole diaphragm to the minimum and adjust the diaphragm height so that the center of the light spot is exactly at the center of the diaphragm. Similarly, adjust the height of the convex lens so that the center of the light spot roughly coincides with the center of the convex lens.
S3、滑动功率计接收端面位置于凸透镜焦点处，打开功率计及650nm激光发射器，将小孔光阑半径调至最大，调节功率计接收端高度以及前后左右位置，使得功率计显示的功率达到极大值。S3. Slide the receiving end of the power meter to the focus of the convex lens, turn on the power meter and the 650nm laser transmitter, adjust the radius of the small aperture to the maximum, and adjust the height and front, back, left, and right positions of the receiving end of the power meter so that the power displayed by the power meter reaches the maximum value.
按照下列步骤实验：Follow these steps to experiment:
T1、将光阑移开，并将挡光布放下，记下此时关闭激光发射器时环境光的功率Pe与打开激光发射器时功率计接收的最大功率Pmax，并记下发射端初始位置z0；然后将光阑的半径调至适当大小R，使得光阑在一个比较大的范围内移动时，光功率的变化较为显著，移动过程中小孔光阑要始终遮挡部分激光，保证Pa<Pmax。T1. Move the aperture away and put down the light-blocking cloth, record the power Pe of the ambient light when the laser transmitter is turned off and the maximum power P max received by the power meter when the laser transmitter is turned on, and record the initial position z 0 of the transmitting end; then adjust the radius of the aperture to an appropriate size R, so that when the aperture moves within a relatively large range, the change in light power is more significant. During the movement, the small-hole aperture should always block part of the laser to ensure that Pa <P max .
T2、接下来，将调好的光阑移动至离凸透镜最近处，然后逐渐将光阑向发射端移动，每次读数移动3mm，切换激光发射器的波长和功率计的接受波长，记下一系列光功率读数Pi与对应的位置zi，并计算光纤模场直径的测试值ωG0，计算方法如下：计算得出每次实验测得的通过小孔光阑的光功率Pαi和每次实验测得的光纤孔径角sinθi，并计算以及sin2θi，并以sin2θi为横坐标值，为纵坐标值，构建散点图，使用一次函数拟合，其斜率记为k，截距记为b；光纤模场直径每次实验测得的通过小孔光阑的光功率Pαi＝Pi-Pe，其中Pe为T1中测得的环境光功率；每次实验测得的光纤孔径角 T2. Next, move the adjusted diaphragm to the closest point to the convex lens, and then gradually move the diaphragm toward the transmitting end, moving 3mm each time for each reading, switch the wavelength of the laser transmitter and the receiving wavelength of the power meter, record a series of optical power readings P i and the corresponding positions z i , and calculate the test value ω G0 of the fiber mode field diameter. The calculation method is as follows: Calculate the optical power P αi passing through the small hole diaphragm measured in each experiment and the fiber aperture angle sinθ i measured in each experiment, and calculate and sin 2 θ i , with sin 2 θ i as the horizontal coordinate value, As the ordinate value, a scatter plot is constructed and a linear function is used for fitting, with the slope recorded as k and the intercept as b; the fiber mode field diameter The optical power passing through the pinhole aperture measured in each experiment is P αi =P i -P e , where Pe is the ambient light power measured in T1; the optical fiber aperture angle measured in each experiment is
其中，光学实验架使用电动实验架，小孔光阑使用电动小孔光阑，以减小误差。650nm He-Ne激光发射器的功率大于10nW量级，1310/1550nm激光发射器的功率在mW量级。并且，为保证远场条件，测量过程中要保证小孔光阑距离发射端大于10cm。The optical experiment frame uses an electric experiment frame, and the pinhole diaphragm uses an electric pinhole diaphragm to reduce errors. The power of the 650nm He-Ne laser transmitter is greater than 10nW, and the power of the 1310/1550nm laser transmitter is in the mW level. In addition, to ensure far-field conditions, the pinhole diaphragm must be greater than 10cm from the transmitter during the measurement process.
本实施例思路简单，装置简洁易懂，便于教学讲解；整体操作容易，便于学生操作；装置容易购买，成本相对较低，且不易损坏，适于作为带有消耗品性质的教具。The idea of this embodiment is simple, the device is concise and easy to understand, and it is convenient for teaching and explanation; the overall operation is easy, and it is convenient for students to operate; the device is easy to purchase, the cost is relatively low, and it is not easy to damage, and it is suitable as a teaching aid with consumable properties.
本领域的技术人员容易理解，以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。It will be easily understood by those skilled in the art that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
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