CN1184385A - Space-based communication systems - Google Patents

Space-based communication systems Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1184385A
CN1184385A CN97122780A CN97122780A CN1184385A CN 1184385 A CN1184385 A CN 1184385A CN 97122780 A CN97122780 A CN 97122780A CN 97122780 A CN97122780 A CN 97122780A CN 1184385 A CN1184385 A CN 1184385A
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China
Prior art keywords
satellite
transceiver
reception
radiofrequency signal
emission
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN97122780A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
肯尼斯·L·索莱斯
詹姆斯·P·雷登
皮特·J·阿姆布鲁斯特
丹尼尔·R·泰罗伊
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Motorola Solutions Inc
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Motorola Inc
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Publication date
Application filed by Motorola Inc filed Critical Motorola Inc
Publication of CN1184385A publication Critical patent/CN1184385A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/14—Relay systems
    • H04B7/15—Active relay systems
    • H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
    • H04B7/18521—Systems of inter linked satellites, i.e. inter satellite service
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/14—Relay systems
    • H04B7/15—Active relay systems
    • H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
    • H04B7/195—Non-synchronous stations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00—Network topologies
    • H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
    • H04W84/04—Large scale networks; Deep hierarchical networks
    • H04W84/06—Airborne or Satellite Networks

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Astronomy & Astrophysics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Radio Relay Systems (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Optical Communication System (AREA)
  • Traffic Control Systems (AREA)

Abstract

In a space-based communication system (10), a first satellite (22) orbits earth at a first altitude, while a second satellite (20) is coupled to th e first satellite (22) via a telecommunication link and orbits the earth at a second altitude different than the first altitude. The first satellite (22) and the second satellite (22) communicate satellite control information to each other when the second satellite (20) is in view of the first satellite (20). When there are multiple second satellites (20), the cross-links between the second satellites (20) use all the available bandwidth to transfer voice and data information to each other.

Description

Communication system based on the space
Relate generally to of the present invention is based on the telecommunication system in space; Particularly relate to the mutual communication of satellite control information, be positioned at all satellites on the different tracks.
In common satellite telecom system, some satellite has the ability that communicates with adjacent all satellites of sharing the same rail height.Contact between this satellite is called as and interlinks, in view of the above, by interlink a voice and/or data from a satellite transmits to another satellite.If be positioned at first satellite another satellite in addition that command information will be mail to this information of reception in a tellurian base station, so, before that satellite of chosen this command information of reception received it veritably, perhaps this command information was by many times having interlinked.The data from a satellite to another satellite like this or the trunking traffic of information are commonly called redirect.Redirect waste energy and bandwidth are particularly worked as command information and are carried out in the relaying between many different satellites.Therefore, concerning a satellite telecom system, there is a kind of important demand, that is: before satellite control information or instruction are received by this target satellite, reduces the number of hops that it takes place.Also have, will interlink is used for (transmission) satellite control information and may wastes the bandwidth that interlinks, and the latter can be used to transmit the communication service of routine.Such communication service is including, but not limited to voice, data or facsimile message.Correspondingly, concerning a satellite telecom system, there is a kind of important demand, that is: the satellite control traffic of transmitting by interlinking is reduced to minimum, thereby the effective bandwidth that is used in the general communication business increases to maximum.
Fig. 1 represents the high level schematic diagram of satellite telecom system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 represents the example of satellite (communication equipment) figure who highly simplifies.
The present invention is applicable to the network of being made up of all satellites of geosynchronous earth orbit that can follow that the network be made up of all satellites of Low Earth Orbit communicates.Come transmitting satellite control information and instruction by all geostationary satellites, just do not need to transmit these information by interlinking of Low Earth Orbit (satellite).Base station (that is, satellite control facility) directly communicates with a geostationary satellite, and the latter directly is sent to information Low Earth Orbit or all satellites of Medium-Earth Orbit separately successively.Geostationary satellite has the visual field, therefore, can interiorly at one time communicate with several low earth-orbit satellites.By linking 3 or 4 geostationary satellites, just can make each satellite in the Low Earth Orbit constellation become visible.
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram that the height of satellite telecom system 10 is simplified.As shown in Figure 1, telecommunication system 10 comprises all subscriber units 30 and at least one base station 40 of at least two satellites 20 and 22, arbitrary number.In general, the satellite 20 and 22 of telecommunication system 10, all subscriber units 30 and base station 40 can be regarded as a network of being made up of all nodes.All nodes of telecommunication system 10 are or may are, by telecommunication link, follow other all nodes of telecommunication system 10 to carry out data communication.And, all nodes of telecommunication system 10 are or may are, carry out data communication and/or follow the ground communication facilities of the routine that is connected in 1 PSTN to carry out data communication by all ground base stations of routine with being dispersed throughout global other telephone plants by public switched telephone network (PSTN).
The implication of employed from the beginning to the end in this manual " satellite " speech is to plan to send into the culture or the aircraft of Earth's orbit.The implication of " constellation " speech is, in order to arrange some satellites in orbit to the part of the earth, several covering that appointment partly or entirely is provided (for example, radio communication, remote sensing, or the like).A constellation typically comprises a plurality of rings (or plane) of all satellites, and the satellite that has equal number on each plane, though this point is unimportant.
The present invention is applicable to the telecommunication system 10 based on the space, and this system distributes to tellurian discrete cell with tellurian specific region, preferably distributes to all unit that move along earth surface everywhere.Satellite 20 can be an independent satellite, or in many satellites 20 in the constellation of being made up of all satellites that orbit round the earth.The present invention also is applicable to the telecommunication system based on the space with all satellites, and above-mentioned satellite orbit plane can have inclination angle arbitrarily, comprises pole-face, overlaps, tilts or other track figures with equatorial plane.The present invention can be used for those all systems 10 that can not get fully covering (promptly, in the telecommunication that is provided by this constellation covers, there are some " holes "), and be used for all systems 10 (that is, a locality at the earth's surface can be seen a more than satellite simultaneously) that overlapping covering appears in those some parts on earth.
In the preferred embodiment, all satellites 20 have a Low Earth Orbit, and satellite 22 then is a geostationary satellite.In the embodiment of accommodation, all satellites 20 may be positioned at Medium-Earth Orbit, and satellite 22 is still a geostationary satellite.In another flexible embodiment, all satellites 20 may be positioned at Low Earth Orbit, and satellite 22 may be positioned at Medium-Earth Orbit.The satellite 22 of serving all satellites 20 may more than one, and all satellites 22 can communicate each other.Low earth-orbit satellite typically is positioned within the altitude range of 700 to 1400 kilometers (400 to 800 miles), Medium Earth-Orbiting Satellite is positioned at the height of 10000 kilometers (6200 miles), and geostationary satellite then is positioned at the height of about 36000 kilometers (23000 miles).
Each satellite 20 communicates with near other satellite by interlinking.These interlink and form the major part based on the remote mobile communication system 6 in space.Therefore, from being positioned at or near the calling or the telex network of the subscriber unit 30 in any place of earth surface, include but not limited to voice, fax and data, can be via satellite 20 or a constellation forming by all satellites, set up route with earth surface its place of taking up an official post what.Can be by another satellite with being positioned at or setting up the communication route near the subscriber unit 31 (it is receiving this calling) of earth surface.How to communicate (for example, spread spectrum technique) from physical layer with all subscriber units 30 and base station 40 as for satellite 20, this is on record to those skilled in the art.
When satellite 20 entered the visual field of satellite 22, satellite 20 communicated with satellite 22 by interlinking.Satellite 20 always is not among the visual field of satellite 22, and when it turned round on earth-circling track, only in a certain period, it just entered the visual field of satellite 22.In all embodiment of accommodation, satellite 22 more than, each satellite 20 can both communicate with in the middle of all satellites 22, no matter they be in around go the Earth's orbit where.And each satellite 22 can communicate with adjacent all satellites 22.
The transmitting satellite control information that interlinks between all satellites 20 and 22 includes but not limited to: satellite instruction, remote measurement, communication route vector, communicate to connect foundation, give out information, cell channel frequency, satellite maneuvering command, unit unused time table.Satellite control information can also comprise phone radio link management data, time mark wave beam ON/OFF table for example, with the relevant radio channel data of time mark wave beam, for example distribution of radio resource, and with the relevant broadcast channel data of time mark wave beam.
Satellite 22 is that one or multi-satellite 40 receive satellite control informations from the base station, and it is sent to suitable all satellites 20.Because satellite 22 is sent to all satellites 20 with satellite control information, so, the only transmitting subscriber information (for example, voice, fax and data) that interlinks between all satellites 20 is to support the calling from a subscriber unit 30 to another subscriber unit 30.
All subscriber units 30 can be arranged on the earth surface or the earth atmosphere Anywhere.Remote mobile communication system 10 can be adapted to any amount of subscriber unit 30.Subscriber unit preferably can be from the communicator of all satellites 20 and/or base station 40 reception voice and/or data.As an example, all subscriber units 30 can be to be suitable for receiving and dispatching the mobile phone or the vehicle-mounted satellite cell phone of communication with all satellites 20 and/or all base stations 40.And all subscriber units 30 can also be the computers of energy emitting electrons email message, vision signal or facsimile signal, here nothing but several examples.
As for subscriber unit 30 how from physical layer to all satellite 20 emission voice and/or data, and receive voice and/or data from all satellites 20 theres, this is common to all to those those skilled in the art.Only use a limited portion in the electromagnetic spectrum that is divided into many channels when in a preferred embodiment of the invention, subscriber unit 30 communicates with satellite 20.These channels are L-band, K wave band, S-band frequency channels or their combination preferably, but on communication mode, can comprise the communication of frequency division multiple access (FDMA) and/or time division multiple access (TDMA) and/or code division multiple access (CDMA) or their any combination.The all methods of other that can be used also are that those of ordinary skill is known.
Base station 40 22 pairs of all satellites 20 via satellite communicates and controls.Zones of different on earth can be provided with a plurality of base stations 40.For example, a base station can be located at the Honolulu, another base station is located at Los Angeles, also has a base station to be located at the Washington D.C..All base stations 40 can provide satellite signaling instruction to satellite 22, make all satellites 22 and 20 keep suitable position on its track and carry out other important internal affairs task.All base stations 40 can also be responsible for receiving voice and/or data from all satellites 20 theres by way of parenthesis.As for base station 40 how physical layer with all satellites 22 and 20 and/or all subscriber units 30 communicate (for example, spread-spectrum), this is well-known to those skilled in the art.
Fig. 2 is an example of the schematic diagram simplified of the height of satellite 20 or 22.Satellite 20 comprises at least two transceivers 30, microprocessor 34 and memory 36.Some transceiver 30 in the satellite 20 can to/from satellite 22 emission/reception satellite control informations, other transceiver 30 then can to/from other contiguous all satellites 20, all subscriber units 30 and all base stations 40 emission/reception user profile (for example, voice, fax and data).Some transceiver 30 in the satellite 22 can to/from satellite 22 and base station 40 emission/reception satellite control informations.The whole work and the responsible executive software application program of microprocessor 34 control satellites 20,22.The software program that memory 36 storages are carried out by microprocessor 34.Though a microprocessor 34 and a memory 36 only are shown in Fig. 2, and the professional and technical personnel understands, can use more than one microprocessor and memory in satellite 20 and 22.For purposes of the invention, the amount of capacity of the number of microprocessor and memory is unimportant.
The invention has the advantages that, do not need to use other all satellites of Low Earth Orbit of whereabouts that interlink of low earth-orbit satellite that control information is provided.Another advantage is for satellite control information is sent to satellite 20 from satellite 22, only to need redirect once.Therefore, satellite is controlled the low earth-orbit satellite that all instructions can arrive this appointment at faster speed.Another advantage is, the bandwidth that originally was used for (transmission) control information can be born by satellite 22, and the latter allows the professional more bandwidth of using of general communication.
Correspondingly, we plan by the claims by the appended claims herein, with those true spirit according to the invention and scope whole modifications of the present invention are summarized.For example, following combination is possible: geostationary satellite 22 communicates with Medium-Earth Orbit or all satellites 20 of Low Earth Orbit, and perhaps Medium Earth-Orbiting Satellite 22 communicates with all satellites 20 of Low Earth Orbit.

Claims (10)

1. communication system based on the space is characterized in that:
Be positioned at first the height around first satellite on the Earth's orbit; And
Be positioned at second height that is different from first height around on the Earth's orbit, get in touch second satellite of first satellite by telecommunication link,
Wherein first satellite transmits satellite control information mutually with second satellite.
2. the communication system based on the space according to claim 1, wherein first satellite is positioned among the earth-circling geostationary orbit.
3. the communication system based on the space according to claim 2, wherein second satellite is positioned among the earth-circling Medium-Earth Orbit.
4. the communication system based on the space according to claim 2, wherein second satellite is positioned among the earth-circling Low Earth Orbit.
5. the communication system based on the space according to claim 1, wherein this telecommunication link is a radio frequency link.
6. the communication system based on the space according to claim 1, wherein this telecommunication link is an optical link.
7. the communication system based on the space according to claim 1, its feature also is:
The base station that can transmit and receive first kind of radiofrequency signal; And
At least one can transmit and receive the subscriber unit of second kind of radiofrequency signal; And
Wherein, first satellite comprises:
One can to/from first transceiver of this base station/first kind of radiofrequency signal of reception; And
One can from/to second transceiver of second the third radiofrequency signal of satellite reception/emission; And
Wherein, second satellite comprises:
One can from/to first transceiver of first the third radiofrequency signal of satellite reception/emission; And
One can from/to second transceiver of second kind of radiofrequency signal of this subscriber unit reception/emission.
8. the communication system based on the space according to claim 1, its feature also is:
The base station that can transmit and receive first kind of radiofrequency signal; And
At least one can transmit and receive the subscriber unit of second kind of radiofrequency signal; And
Wherein, first satellite comprises:
One can from/to first transceiver of first kind of radiofrequency signal of this base station reception/emission; And
One can from/to second transceiver of the second satellite reception/transmitting optics signal; And
Wherein, second satellite comprises:
One can from/to first transceiver of the first satellite reception/transmitting optics signal; And
One can from/to second transceiver of second kind of radiofrequency signal of this subscriber unit reception/emission.
9. the communication system based on the space according to claim 1, its feature also is:
The base station that can transmit and receive optical signalling; And
At least one can transmit and receive the subscriber unit of first kind of radiofrequency signal; And
Wherein, first satellite comprises:
One can from/to first transceiver of this base station reception/transmitting optics signal; And
One can from/to second transceiver of second kind of radiofrequency signal of the second satellite reception/emission; And
Wherein, second satellite comprises:
One can from/to first transceiver of second kind of radiofrequency signal of the first satellite reception/emission; And
One can from/to second transceiver of first kind of radiofrequency signal of this subscriber unit reception/emission.
10. the communication system based on the space according to claim 1, its feature also is:
The base station that can transmit and receive first kind of optical signalling; And
At least one can transmit and receive the subscriber unit of radiofrequency signal; And
Wherein, first satellite comprises:
One can from/to first transceiver of first kind of optical signalling of this base station reception/emission; And
One can from/to second transceiver of second kind of optical signalling of the second satellite reception/emission; And
Wherein, second satellite comprises:
One can from/to first transceiver of second kind of optical signalling of the first satellite reception/emission; And
One can from/to second transceiver of this subscriber unit reception/emitting radio frequency signal.
CN97122780A 1996-11-25 1997-11-24 Space-based communication systems Pending CN1184385A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US75346396A 1996-11-25 1996-11-25
US753,463 1996-11-25

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JP (1) JPH10163947A (en)
KR (1) KR19980042704A (en)
CN (1) CN1184385A (en)
BR (1) BR9705135A (en)
CA (1) CA2221003A1 (en)
DE (1) DE19751160A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2756439A1 (en)
GB (1) GB2319700A (en)
IL (1) IL121764A0 (en)
IT (1) IT1295433B1 (en)
NL (1) NL1007404A1 (en)
RU (1) RU97119431A (en)
TW (1) TW399375B (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109983714A (en) * 2016-04-28 2019-07-05 克劳德康斯特莱什公司 The intermediate, satellite network of congestion is eliminated for intersecting binding and local network
CN110914708A (en) * 2017-05-22 2020-03-24 德国航空航天中心 Satellite system for navigation and/or geodetic surveying

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AU3635301A (en) * 1999-12-17 2001-06-25 General Dynamics Decision Systems, Inc. Satellite relay method and apparatus
EP1158701A3 (en) * 2000-05-22 2003-11-05 TRW Inc. Apparatus for contolling the routing in a satellite communication system
US7822067B2 (en) 2003-08-08 2010-10-26 Qualcomm Incorporated Header compression enhancement for broadcast/multicast services
CA2550544A1 (en) * 2003-12-29 2005-11-17 Peersat Llc Inter-satellite crosslink communications system, apparatus, method and computer program product
DE102008006432B4 (en) * 2008-01-28 2014-12-31 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. System for requesting data transfer from one or more earth observation satellites to one or more ground stations
FR2954635B1 (en) * 2009-12-17 2016-03-11 Astrium Sas HYBRID SPATIAL SYSTEM BASED ON A CONSTELLATION OF SATELLITES IN LOW ORBIT ACTING AS SPACE REPEATERS TO IMPROVE THE EMISSION AND RECEPTION OF GEOSTATIONARY SIGNALS
CA2927217A1 (en) * 2016-04-14 2017-10-14 Telesat Canada Dual leo satellite system and method for global coverage
FR3083944B1 (en) * 2018-07-12 2020-07-03 Thales HIGH-SPEED SATELLITE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM INCLUDING AT LEAST ONE POWER SATELLITE PROVIDING ON-BOARD PROCESSING

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109983714A (en) * 2016-04-28 2019-07-05 克劳德康斯特莱什公司 The intermediate, satellite network of congestion is eliminated for intersecting binding and local network
CN109983714B (en) * 2016-04-28 2021-12-21 克劳德康斯特莱什公司 Space-based electronic data transmission network system
CN110914708A (en) * 2017-05-22 2020-03-24 德国航空航天中心 Satellite system for navigation and/or geodetic surveying
CN110914708B (en) * 2017-05-22 2024-03-29 德国航空航天中心 Satellite system for navigation and/or geodetic measurement

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Publication number Publication date
RU97119431A (en) 1999-10-27
FR2756439A1 (en) 1998-05-29
ITRM970628A1 (en) 1998-05-26
CA2221003A1 (en) 1998-05-25
TW399375B (en) 2000-07-21
GB2319700A (en) 1998-05-27
KR19980042704A (en) 1998-08-17
NL1007404A1 (en) 1998-05-27
BR9705135A (en) 1999-05-18
GB9722728D0 (en) 1997-12-24
JPH10163947A (en) 1998-06-19
IL121764A0 (en) 1998-02-22
IT1295433B1 (en) 1999-05-12
DE19751160A1 (en) 1998-06-25

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