CN118356429A - 一种folate-CLIPTAC降解体系及其在制备药物中应用 - Google Patents
一种folate-CLIPTAC降解体系及其在制备药物中应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN118356429A CN118356429A CN202410407255.3A CN202410407255A CN118356429A CN 118356429 A CN118356429 A CN 118356429A CN 202410407255 A CN202410407255 A CN 202410407255A CN 118356429 A CN118356429 A CN 118356429A
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种folate‑CLIPTAC降解体系及其在制备药物中应用。本发明构建的folate‑CLIPTAC降解体系以可以发生Click反应的两部分的小分子片段来克服大分子透膜性差的缺陷,同时在小分子片段上引入靶向基团,以靶向基团实现小分子片段的组织靶向,并以原位发生Click反应生成的PROTAC来实现目标蛋白的降解,从而解决目前PROTAC技术的透膜性差、全身分布、脱靶毒性等缺陷。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种蛋白降解剂,尤其涉及具有组织靶向性并可原位生成PROTAC分子的folate-CLIPTAC降解体系,及其合成方法和在药物中的应用。
背景技术
传统小分子拮抗/抑制剂,需要小分子与蛋白长时间、足浓度结合后才能发挥药理活性,因而有较多的毒副作用,尤其是获得性耐药现象的产生,严重阻碍了小分子抑制剂的临床效果。
近年来蛋白靶向降解(Targeted Protein Degradation,TPD)策略不断被深入研究,并获得突破性进展。蛋白裂解靶向嵌合体(Proteolysis-targeting chimaeras,PROTAC)技术是当前新药研发领域最热门的技术之一,它通过泛素-蛋白酶体系统(UPS)诱导靶蛋白降解。跟传统小分子抑制剂“占据驱动”的作用模式相比,“事件驱动”的PROTAC技术具有诸多优势,比如高活性、高选择性、催化量降解作用模式、靶向不可成药靶点等。辉瑞、诺华、罗氏、葛兰素史克、默沙东、礼来等全球制药巨头纷纷入局,截至2021年初,国外至少13个PROTAC药物已经进入临床阶段,靶点包括AR,ER,BCL-XL,IRAK4,STAT3,BTK,TRK,BRD9等。国内企业也奋勇向前,海思科的BTK-PROTAC小分子抗肿瘤药物HSK29116和开拓的AR降解剂GT20029均已获国家药品监督管理局受理,澳洲、美国临床试验申请正在同步进行中。本领域研究进度最快的PROTAC是来自Arvinas公司的ARV-471,已经处于III期临床研究阶段。PROTAC基本结构及其作用机制如图2所示。
在细胞内,PROTAC可以同时与靶蛋白(Protein of Interest,POI)及泛素的E3连接酶结合,形成一种短暂的稳定三元复合物,并招蓦泛素,给靶蛋白打上“需要清理”的标签,使本来不能被E3酶激活的靶蛋白泛素化,进而被26S-蛋白酶体识别并降解。PROTAC由三部分构成:靶蛋白结合配体、泛素E3连接酶识别结合基团以及连接链(linker)。研究已发现:这三部分的微小调整,都可能引起靶蛋白降解效果的明显变化。
PROTAC技术取得的骄人进展是有目共睹的,但是目前在研的PROTAC存在口服吸收及过膜性较差等问题。一方面,PROTAC药物属于双靶点药物,分子量较大,结构复杂,药代动力学性质并不乐观,口服吸收和过膜性存在挑战;另一方面,PROTAC靶标蛋白降解能力显著,但由于靶蛋白在正常细胞中也会表达,PROTAC对正常组织的毒性须密切关注。此外,用于小分子药物早期筛选的Lipinski“类药五原则”并不适应于PROTAC领域。
Astex科学家公开了一个叫做CLIPTAC的蛋白降解技术(ACS Cent Sci,2016,2(12):927),是为了解决PROTAC技术的一个难点,即口服吸收和过膜性差的问题。PROTAC因为是双功能分子所以注定分子量较大,1000左右很常见;另外,链接两个配体通常需要一些柔性较大的分子片段,更恶化了药代性质。CLIPTAC的设计利用了化学生物学中的一个常见生物正交反应,即反式环辛烯与四嗪的所谓反向电子需求Diels-Alder反应(IEDDA反应)。这个反应与生成三氮唑的经典点击化学反应(click reaction)类似,只有这两个官能团之间能高效率反应、而与其它活性基团没什么交叉反应,所以特异性很高,被广泛应用于体内的点击化学反应。因为这个技术将PROTAC一分为二,所以每一部分进入细胞都比较容易;进入细胞后二部分接触会发生反应,形成PROTAC从而降解目标蛋白。作者在细胞水平验证了这个技术,并证明所形成的PROTAC分子因为分子量太大而在单独使用时本身不能进入细胞,但应用该技术,则可成功发挥蛋白降解作用,说明将最终PROTAC分成二部分后透膜性大大提高。但这个概念并未受到广泛的重视,因为该CLIPTACs策略所使用的二个小分子前体不具有靶向性,原报道也仅仅是在细胞层面进行了研究,实际应用中体内吸收后会分布于全身,可能引发毒副作用。
为了成功诱导靶蛋白(POI)降解,PROTAC平台需要同时满足多个要求。由于大多数目标蛋白质都定位在细胞内,因此第一步是确保PROTAC能够到达POI部位,这就对其靶向性和细胞渗透性提出迫切的要求。新近发展的CLIPTACs、叶酸-PROTAC及photo-PROTAC等技术都有其独特的优势,但均未完全解决透膜性及脱靶毒性问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有技术的不足和问题,提供一种具有组织靶向性并可原位生成PROTAC分子的folate-CLIPTAC降解体系,其合成方法及其在药物中的应用。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案来实现的:一种具有组织靶向性并可原位生成PROTAC分子的folate-CLIPTAC降解体系,包括A、B两部分,具有如下图(I)所示意的结构:
其中:
A部分与B部分的比例为0.5~2(物质的量mol/mol);
E3L是指E3连接酶配体,是可以与泛素E3连接酶有亲和性的化合物,包括但不限于Von Hippel-Lindau(VHL),Cereblon(CRBN),Murine Double Mimute 2(MDM2)和Cellularinhibitors of apoptosis proteins 1(cIAP1)的配体;
POI指的是感兴趣想要降解的目标蛋白的配体,目标蛋白一般位于细胞内,也可以位于细胞外,或细胞膜上,包括但不限于AR,ER,BCL-XL,IRAK4,STAT3,BTK,TRK,GPCR等;与目标蛋白相适应,POIL指可以与上述目标蛋白有结合性能的化合物,包括但不限于拮抗剂、激动剂、变构位点配体;
T1、T2为靶向基团,是指具有体内特定组织或细胞靶向性的载体或基团,包括但不限于抗体、腺相关病毒(AAV)、重组AAV(rAAV)等基因靶向物质、脂质纳米粒(LNPs)、硝基咪唑类乏氧靶向基团、叶酸类肿瘤细胞靶向基团、胆酸类肝靶向基团、唾液酸受体靶向基团,转钴胺素受体靶向基团,转铁蛋白受体靶向基团,等;
Click1与Click2成对出现,指的是可以发生广义Click reaction(点击化学反应)的功能基团,包括但不限于可以发生Staudinger反应的叠氮基与三价膦取代物、可以发生CuAAC反应的炔基与叠氮基取代物、可以发生SPAAC反应的叠氮基与环辛炔取代物、可以发生IEDDA反应的反式环辛烯(TCO)取代物与四嗪(Tz)取代物、可以发生硫氟交换SuFEx反应的磺酰氟与醇或胺取代物,以及巯基与烯基取代物,等;近年来科学家们对生物正交化学的关注度持续增加,涌现出了其他的生物正交反应,如:硝酮-环辛炔、一氧化氮-降冰片烯、叠氮化物-氧杂降冰片二烯、异腈-四嗪、降冰片烯-四嗪、环丙烯-四嗪、四唑化合物-烯烃光引发反应、氟丁酮-炔基和四环化合物的环加成,还有氨基巯醇-氰基苯并噻唑缩合反应,以及磺化点击反应等。这些类型的反应都可应用到本发明中去。
L1是连接链,包含非线性链、脂肪族链、芳香链、杂环结构链,其连接的位置可以在E3连接酶配体上,也可以相互连接,均通过共价键将Click1、E3L、靶向基团三部分连接成一个化合物(A部分);
L2定义与L1类似,是连接链,可以与L1相同,也可以不同,包含非线性链、脂肪族链、芳香链、杂环结构链,其连接的位置可以在POIL上,也可以相互连接,均通过共价键将Click2、POIL、靶向基团三部分连接成一个化合物(B部分)。
进一步地,本发明所述的一种具有组织靶向性并可原位生成PROTAC分子的folate-CLIPTAC降解体系,其中,E3连接酶配体的结构如下:
式中*为连接Linker位置;
T1、T2靶向基团为可以靶向体内组织、蛋白的小分子片段,包括但不限于硝基咪唑类乏氧靶向基团、叶酸类肿瘤细胞靶向基团、胆酸类肝靶向吸收基团、唾液酸受体靶向基团;
Click1与Click2成对出现,包括但不限于可以发生Staudinger反应的叠氮基与三价膦取代物,可以发生CuAAC反应的炔基与叠氮基取代物,可以发生SPAAC反应的叠氮基与环辛炔取代物,可以发生IEDDA反应的反式环辛烯(TCO)取代物与四嗪(Tz)取代物、环丙烯取代物与四嗪(Tz)取代物,以及巯基与烯基。
更进一步地,本发明所述的一种具有组织靶向性并可原位生成PROTAC分子的folate-CLIPTAC降解体系,其中,
E3连接酶配体的选自CRBN、VHL类配体;
靶向基团为叶酸类肿瘤细胞靶向基团、胆酸类肝靶向吸收基团、唾液酸受体靶向基团;
Click1与Click2成对出现,为可以发生IEDDA反应的反式环辛烯(TCO)取代物与四嗪(Tz)取代物,以及巯基与烯基。
具体地,本发明以靶向雌激素受体(Estrogen Receptor,ER)为例,提供一种所述的具有组织靶向性并可原位生成PROTAC分子的folate-CLIPTAC降解体系,具有如式II所示的结构:
其中,
A部分与B部分的比例为1:1(mol/mol);
E3L选自CRBN类配体---沙利度胺;
POI为想要降解的目标蛋白ER,POIL为选择性雌激素受体拮抗剂---雷洛昔芬;
T1、T2靶向基团为叶酸类肿瘤细胞靶向基团---叶酸;
可以发生点击化学反应的click1与click2分别选自反式环辛烯(TCO)取代基与四嗪(Tz)取代基;
m,n为0-10整数。
本发明同时提供一种所述的具有组织靶向性并可原位生成PROTAC分子的folate-CLIPTAC降解体系的制备方法。具体为:首先根据文献方法制得或购得POI配体及E3连接酶配体化合物,然后根据活性基团与部位的不同,用不同的化学反应与Lingker连接,分别引入靶向基团与活性Click反应基团。
举例如下:
其中,m,n为0-10整数。
本发明还提供一种所述的具有组织靶向性并可原位生成PROTAC分子的folate-CLIPTAC降解体系在药学上可接受的盐,所述药学上可接受的盐为盐酸盐、氢溴酸盐、氢碘酸盐、硫酸盐、硫酸氢盐、磷酸盐、乙酸盐、丙酸盐、丁酸盐、草酸盐、酒石酸盐、甲磺酸盐、对甲苯磺酸盐、富马酸盐、牛磺酸盐、柠檬酸盐、琥珀酸盐,或其混合盐。
本发明还提供一种所述的具有组织靶向性并可原位生成PROTAC分子的folate-CLIPTAC降解体系及其在药学上可接受的盐在药学上的应用,该应用具体为:用于制备预防或治疗因POI蛋白表达过多所引起的疾病的药物制剂。所述的因POI蛋白表达过多所引起的疾病为肿瘤如乳腺癌、白血病、皮肤癌、子宫颈癌、食管癌、肺癌、胶质瘤等,还包括神经退行性疾病如阿尔茨海默症、肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症、白内障、帕金森氏病、克-雅二氏病、亨廷顿氏病,还包括其它疾病如急性痛风、关节疼痛、家族性地中海热、肝硬化,等。
本发明的有益效果:
近年来发展迅速的PROTAC(Proteolysis-targeting chimaeras,蛋白裂解靶向嵌合体)技术以蛋白降解的形式来解决小分子抑制剂的获得性耐药问题,但其较大的分子量使其存在诸多问题。文献报道的CLIPTACs方法不直接使用分子量较大的PROTAC,而是将其分为两部分,二个小分子前体具有较小的分子量,容易透过细胞膜,之后在胞内快速发生Click反应,原位生成PROTAC而发挥蛋白降解作用。但该CLIPTACs策略所使用的二个小分子前体不具有靶向性,体内吸收后会分布于全身,可能引发毒副作用。叶酸受体(FolateReceptor,FR)靶向的药物近年来受到广泛关注,因为FR在肿瘤细胞表面高度表达,而在正常组织无或很少表达,因而具有良好的肿瘤组织特异性;将小分子药物与叶酸偶联后,可主动靶向到肿瘤细胞表面,通过内吞作用进入肿瘤细胞;之后药物解离下来,而FR重新回到细胞表面,循环转运药物。受上述叶酸靶向的提示,本发明的方案是设计一种结合组织靶向性和原位click reaction生成的PROTAC,以包括叶酸在内的靶向基团来实现两个小分子片段的组织靶向,并以原位生成的PROTAC实现目标蛋白的降解,从而解决目前PROTAC技术的透膜性、脱靶毒性难题。因此,本发明提供的技术方案及其药学上可用的盐可能在制备预防或治疗因靶蛋白表达过多所引起的疾病的药物中有所应用。
附图说明
图1.本发明folate-CLIPTAC降解体系(m=4,n=3)对ER蛋白降解的效果。
图2为PROTAC基本结构及其作用机制。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明的结构、制备方法及在制备预防或治疗因POI蛋白表达过多所引起的疾病的药物制剂方面的应用作进一步阐述,但不限制本发明。
实施例1A部分的合成(以n=3为例):
步骤1:3-羟基苯-1,2-二羧酸甲酯的合成
将3-羟基邻苯二甲酸酐(1.6克,9.8毫摩尔)在MeOH(25毫升)中的混合物回流3小时。将反应冷却至室温并用EtOAc(80mL)和水(40mL)稀释。混合物用HCl水溶液(4N)酸化,水层用EtOAc(2×40mL)萃取。合并的有机层用水(2×100)、盐水(2×100)洗涤并用MgSO4干燥。真空除去溶剂,粗产物通过快速柱色谱法(洗脱剂为EtOAc:石油醚=3:7)纯化,得到油状3-羟基苯-1,2-二羧酸甲酯(1.9g),收率94%。MS(ESI)m/z:[M+H]+=211.1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ/ppm:10.28(s,1H),7.44-7.30(m,2H),7.17(dd,J=7.1,2.2Hz,1H),3.80(s,3H),3.77(s,3H).13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d6)δ/ppm:167.61,166.10,155.04,130.96,129.04,122.99,120.92,120.42,52.90,52.53.
步骤2:6-{[2-(2,6-二氧哌啶-3-基)-1,3-二氧-2,3-二氢-1H异吲哚-4-基]氧基}己酸的合成
将6-羟基己酸叔丁酯(0.90g,4.76mmol)、三苯基膦(0.75g,2.86mmol)和步骤1所得的3-羟基苯-1,2-二甲酸甲酯(0.5g,2.38mmol)溶于THF(4mL)中,滴加偶氮二羧酸二异丙酯DIAD(0.56mL,2.86mmol)。混合物在室温下搅拌18小时。真空除去溶剂并将粗产物在乙酸乙酯EtOAc(20mL)和水(20mL)之间分配,萃取,有机相用盐水(2×20mL)洗涤,用MgSO4干燥,真空除去溶剂,得油状产物,未经纯化直接用于下一步反应。
将粗产物溶解在THF/MeOH(1:1,15mL)中并加入NaOH(1M水溶液,3.03mL,3.03mmol,3eq)。所得溶液在室温下搅拌2小时。然后用1M HCl水溶液将混合物酸化至pH 4-5。用DCM萃取,有机层用无水MgSO4干燥,真空除去溶剂。粗产物无需进一步纯化即可继续使用。
步骤3:6-{[2-(2,6-二氧哌啶-3-基)-21 1,3-二氧-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-基]氧基}己酸的合成
将上述步骤2的粗产物溶解在吡啶(3mL)中,加入3-氨基哌啶-2,6-二酮盐酸盐(0.12g,0.75mmol,1.1eq),加热至110℃反应17小时。反应毕,冷却至室温,加入二氯甲烷DCM(20mL)和0.5M HCl水溶液(10mL),分液,用DCM(3x 20mL)萃取,合并有机相,用MgSO4干燥,真空除去溶剂。将粗产物溶解在三氟乙酸TFA(4mL)中并将混合物在室温下搅拌3小时。真空除去溶剂并将粗物质溶解在DCM(10mL)中,用饱和NaHCO3溶液(4×20mL)萃取,合并水相并用1M HCl水溶液酸化至pH 3。然后用DCM(4x50mL)萃取水相。合并有机相,用硫酸镁干燥,真空除去溶剂得到6-{[2-(2,6-二氧哌啶-3-基)-21 1,3-二氧-2,3-二氢-1H异吲哚-4-基]氧基}己酸(0.16g,58%),呈淡黄色泡沫。MS:[M-H]-=387。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ/ppm:11.96(br s,1H),11.08(s,1H),7.81(dd,J=8.5,7.2Hz,1H),7.52(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),7.45(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),5.08(dd,J=12.8,5.4Hz,1H),4.21(t,J=6.4Hz,2H),2.95-2.82(m,1H),2.64-2.52(m,2H),2.24(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),2.11-1.96(m,1H),1.83-1.72(m,2H),1.62-1.54(m,2H),1.52-1.42(m,2H).13CNMR(101MHz,DMSO-d6)δ/ppm:174.84,173.23,170.39,167.30,165.76,156.49,137.49,133.76,120.31,116.74,115.63,69.22,49.24,34.12,31.45,28.66,25.42,24.65,22.49.
步骤4:CRBN-Tz的合成
步骤3的产物(0.16g,0.40mmol)、四嗪胺(0.09g,0.4mmol)、DIPEA(0.2mL,1.2mmol)和HATU(0.15g,0.40mmol)加至DMF(4mL)中混合,并在室温下搅拌反应2小时。反应毕,用DCM(20mL)稀释并用盐水(3×20mL)洗涤。分液,有机相用MgSO4干燥,真空除去溶剂。粗产物通过快速柱色谱法用EtOAc:石油醚=9:1进行纯化。然后将化合物溶解在MeCN(20mL)和水(15mL)中,并在冷冻干燥机上干燥,得到6-{[2-(2,6-二氧哌啶-3-基)-1,3-二氧-2,3-二氢-1H异吲哚-4-基]氧基}-N-{[4-(6-甲基-1,2,4,5-四嗪-3-基)苯基]甲基}己酰胺(0.13克,0.23mmol,57%),呈粉红色固体。MS:[M-H]-=570.1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ/ppm:11.07(s,1H),8.46-8.38(m,3H),7.80(dd,J=8.6,7.2Hz,1H),7.55-7.49(m,3H),7.44(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),5.07(dd,J=12.7,5.4Hz,1H),4.40(d,J=5.8Hz,2H),4.21(t,J=6.3Hz,2H),3.00(s,3H),2.89-2.82(m,1H),2.63-2.53(m,2H),2.23(t,J=7.3Hz,2H),2.09-1.98(m,1H),1.84-1.74(m,2H),1.70-1.59(m,2H),1.54-1.43(m,2H).13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d6)δ/ppm:173.20,172.69,170.38,167.52,167.31,165.78,163.67,156.50,145.04,137.48,133.73,130.80,128.52,127.90,120.30,116.73,115.63,69.25,49.23,42.32,35.79,31.44,28.69,25.50,25.46,22.49,21.29
步骤5:Folate-CRBN-Tz(A部分)的合成
步骤4的产物(0.57g,1mmol)、叶酸(0.44g,1mmol)和1-乙基-3-(3-二甲氨基丙基)碳化二亚胺盐酸盐(EDC,0.25g,1mmol)溶解于20ml的吡啶:水=l:1的溶液中,室温下搅拌1小时后,4℃反应16小时。反应混合物用0.5%的碳酸氢钠溶液稀释,离心,上清液用0.5N的盐酸溶液调pH为4.5,沉淀用水洗3次,真空干燥,得Folate-CRBN-Tz(A部分)复合物,得率53.2%。MS:[M-H]-=994.1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ/ppm:8.57(1H,s),7.73(2H,d),7.69(1H,t),7.58(1H,m),7.36(2H,d),7.20(1H,d),7.12(2H,d),6361(2H,d),4.53(2H,s),4.46(2H,s),4.32(2H,s),3.94(2H,t),2.35(3H,s),2.14-2.23(8H,m),1.29-1.71(6H,m)。
实施例2B部分的合成(以m=4为例):
步骤1:4-(6-甲氧基-2-(4-甲氧基苯基)苯并[b]噻吩-3-羰基)苯乙酸酯。
在N2下将草酰氯(9.70mL,120mmol,3.0当量)在0℃下滴加到4-乙酰氧基苯甲酸(7.206g,40mmol,1.0当量)在无水DCM(80mL)中的溶液中,然后加入几滴DMF,将溶液升温至室温并搅拌1小时。反应毕,将溶液浓缩并干燥,得到酰氯,为白色固体。
在0℃和N2氛围下将中间体4-乙酰氧基苯甲酰氯溶解在无水DCM(150mL)中,然后加入6-甲氧基-2-(4-甲氧基苯基)-苯并[b]噻吩(8.65g,32mmol,0.8equiv),然后在5分钟内分三份加入AlCl3(8.00g,60mmol,1.5equiv),同时剧烈搅拌。加毕,将混合反应液慢慢升温至室温,并搅拌1小时。反应毕,缓慢加入冰H2O(15mL)淬灭反应,然后加入1N HCl(aq)酸化。静置各层,水层用DCM萃取两次。合并的有机层用无水Na2SO4干燥。过滤和浓缩后,残留物在硅胶上纯化(己烷:DCM=100:1-1:100),得到黄色固体(5.517g,产率40%)。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ/ppm:7.81(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),7.61(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),7.32-7.29(m,3H),7.02-6.99(m,3H),6.74(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),3.86(s,3H),3.73(s,3H),2.25(s,3H).13C NMR(CDCl3,100MHz)δ/ppm:193.15,168.63,159.99,157.78,154.38,144.16,140.10,135.03,133.76,131.52,130.48,130.02,125.76,124.16,121.54,114.99,114.13,104.54,55.65,55.28,21.16.HPLC-MS(ESI+)calcd for C25H21O5S[M+1]+:433.11,found 433.37.
步骤2:4-羟基苯基-(6-甲氧基-2-(4-甲氧基苯基)苯并[b]-噻吩-3-基)甲酮
将步骤1所得的化合物(5.517g,12.76mmol,1.0equiv)溶解在EtOH(70mL)和H2O(30mL)在混合液中,然后加入乙酸钠(5.23g,63.8mmol,5.0equiv)。将反应液加热至90-100℃并搅拌反应12小时。反应毕,将溶液冷却至室温并浓缩,残余物用EtOAc(50mL)溶解,并加入100mL水洗涤,分离有机层,水层用EtOAc萃取两次。合并有机层,用无水Na2SO4干燥后过滤、浓缩,残留物在硅胶上纯化(己烷:EtOAc=5:1-2:1)得到黄色油状物(4.7g,收率95%)。1HNMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ/ppm:7.64(d,J=9.2Hz,2H),7.43(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),7.30(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),7.24(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),6.89(dd,J=8.8Hz,J=2.4Hz,1H),6.69-6.64(m,4H),3.73(s,3H),3.59(s,3H).13CNMR(CD3OD,100MHz)δ/ppm:193.95,162.85,159.92,157.81,142.33,140.08,133.78,132.55,130.34,129.91,129.06,125.78,123.43,115.04,114.63,113.79,104.34,54.78,54.39.HPLC-MS(ESI+)calcd for C23H19O4S[M+1]+=391.10,found391.42.
步骤3:(4-(2-(乙基氨基)乙氧基)苯基)(6-甲氧基-2-(4-甲氧基苯基)苯并[b]噻吩-3-基)甲酮
将1,2-二溴乙烷(2.0mL,24.0mmol,2.0equiv)和Cs2CO3(5.86g,18.0mmol,1.5equiv)依次添加到步骤2所得在化合物(4.7g,12.0mmol,1.0equiv)在200mL乙腈的溶液中。将反应液加热回流12小时。反应毕,冷却后将溶液过滤并用MeCN洗涤,浓缩,残留物无需进一步纯化即可用于下一步。
将上述残留物溶解在DMF中,加入乙胺(2.0M的THF溶液)(60mL,120mmol,10.0当量)。将溶液加热至80℃并搅拌反应12小时。反应毕,冷却至室温,将反应混合物稀释在EtOAc和饱和盐水中。分层,水层用EtOAc萃取两次。将合并的有机层干燥并浓缩,残留物在硅胶上纯化(DCM:MeOH=10:1),得黄色固体(4.43g,产率80%)。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ/ppm:7.63(d,J=8.8Hz,先2H),7.42(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),7.32(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),7.20(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),6.88(dd,J=8.8Hz,J=2.4Hz,1H),6.71(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),6.64(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),3.93(t,J=4.2Hz,2H),3.75(s,3H),3.59(s,3H),2.83(t,J=5.2Hz,2H),2.59(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),1.06(t,J=7.2Hz,3H).13C NMR(CD3OD,100MHz)δ/ppm:194.88,164.48,161.27,159.20,143.95,141.41,135.02,133.39,131.61,131.48,131.26,127.01,124.76,115.97,115.30,115.10,105.67,68.13,56.10,55.70,49.65,44.52,14.68.HPLC-MS(ESI+)calcdfor C27H28NO4S[M+1]+=462.17,found 462.27.
步骤4:RAL-TCO的合成
步骤3所得的产物(0.462g,1mmol)溶于DCM(10mL)中,加入反式环辛烯-四聚乙二醇-活化脂(TCO-PEG4-NHS Ester,0.514g,1mmol),室温下搅拌反应2h。反应毕,用大量水(100mL)淬灭反应,并加入DCM淬取,将合并的有机层干燥并浓缩,残留物直接用于下一步反应。HPLC-MS(ESI+)calcd for C44H55NO10S[M+1]+=789.35,found 789.36。
步骤5:Folate-RAL-TCO(B部分)的合成
步骤4的产物(0.57g,1mmol)、叶酸(0.44g,1mmol)和1-乙基-3-(3-二甲氨基丙基)碳化二亚胺盐酸盐(EDC,0.25g,1mmol)溶解于20ml的吡啶:水=l:1的溶液中,室温下搅拌1小时后,4℃反应16小时。反应混合物用0.5%的碳酸氢钠溶液稀释,离心,上清液用0.5N的盐酸溶液调pH为4.5,沉淀用水洗3次,真空干燥,得Folate-RAL-TCO(B部分)复合物。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ/ppm:8.57(1H,s),7.73(2H,d),7.70(2H,d),7.60(1H,d),7.45(2H,d),7.30(1H,s),7.13(2H,d),6.69(2H,d),6.80(1H,d),6.61(2H,d),5.42(2H,),4.42(2H,t),4.32(2H,s),4.20(2H,t),3.62(2H,t),3.54(16H,t),3.24(2H,t),1.96-2.23(8H,m),1.33-1.46(6H,m),1.20(3H,t).HPLC-MS(ESI+)calcd for C63H72N8O15S[M+1]+=1212.48,found1212.52.
实施例3CRBN-Tz与RAL-TCO的Click反应(以m=4,n=3为例)
实施例1步骤3所合成得到的CRBN-Tz、实施例2步骤4所合成的RAL-TCO按1:1的比例混合于THF中,待紫红色溶液变为黄色,表明反应已经完成。减压浓缩反应液,残余物过柱纯化,得灰黄色固体。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ/ppm:7.50-7.70(9H,m),7.31(3H,d),7.20(1H,d),7.10(2H,d),6.96(2H,d),6.80(3H,d),5.42(1H,t),4.46(2H,s),4.20(2H,t),3.94(2H,m),3.62-3.65(4H,t),3.54(8H,t),3.24(2H,t),2.83(1H,m),2.35(2H,t),2.14-2.18(6H,t),1.96(2H,m),1.71(5H,m),1.57(2H,m),1.29-1.45(10H,m),1.20(3H,t).HPLC-MS(ESI+)calcd for C73H84N6O16S Exact Mass:1332.566[M+1]+:1332.57,found 1332.56.
实施例4Folate-CLIPTAC降解体系的稳定性研究
Folate-CLIPTAC降解体系的稳定性是其能到达靶组织的前题。因为分别带有活性较大的Tz、TCO基团,需要对其体内外稳定性进行测试。
具体方法:取A部分或B部分化合物约0.1mg,分别置人工血浆10mL中,于涡旋仪上震荡,分别于0h、2h、6h、12h、24h、48h取上清液进HPLC液相系统检测,测试其在不同介质中是否能稳定存在。结果如下:
可见,两个化合物在人工血浆中均能稳定存在。
实施例5Folate-CLIPTAC降解体系的靶向性和透膜性研究
Folate-CLIPTAC降解体系的靶向性是区别于CLIPTAC技术的关键要素,而其透膜性是区别于分子量较大的PROTAC的关键要求,因而,靶向性与透膜性的测试至关重要。
具体方法:分别将A部分或B部分化合物置乳腺癌细胞株MCF-7、以及正常细胞293T细胞培养液中孵育一定时间(6h、12h、24h),洗脱,收集细胞后将细胞匀浆,HPLC检测胞内药物含量,由此可同时测定Folate-CLIPTAC降解体系对癌细胞与非癌细胞的不同靶向性和透膜性。
可见,肿瘤细胞MCF-7中两个化合物的含量远大于正常细胞293T,说明该Folate-CLIPTAC降解体系对癌细胞与非癌细胞具有不同的靶向性和透膜性,更容易在癌细胞中蓄积。
实施例6Folate-CLIPTAC降解体系对靶蛋白的降解效果
首先用A部分Folate-RAL-TCO处理MCF-7细胞12小时,然后加入相同量的B部分Folate-CRBN-Tz处理12小时。ER蛋白水平通过DS PAGE进行评估,然后使用ER抗体进行蛋白质印迹。不同药物浓度下结果见附图1。
可见,本发明的产物在5nM下即可对靶蛋白显示出很强的降解活性(99.6%),优于阳性对照药物氟维思群(Fulvestrant),并在较高浓度(50nM)时显示出PROTAC分子特有的"hook"效应。
本发明具有组织靶向性并可原位生成PROTAC分子的folate-CLIPTAC降解体系,并在具体实施中以靶向雌激素受体(ER)的降解为例,验证了该folate-CLIPTAC降解体系的有效性。鉴于本发明是针对PROTAC技术的固有的透膜性、脱靶毒性难题,因此,本发明提供的技术方案及其药学上可用的盐可能在制备预防或治疗因靶蛋白表达过多所引起的疾病的药物中有所应用,包括恶性肿瘤如乳腺癌、白血病、皮肤癌、子宫颈癌、食管癌、肺癌、胶质瘤等,还包括神经退行性疾病如阿尔茨海默症、肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症、白内障、帕金森氏病、克-雅二氏病、亨廷顿氏病,还包括其它疾病如急性痛风、关节疼痛、家族性地中海热、肝硬化等。
Claims (7)
1.一种具有组织靶向性并可原位生成PROTAC分子的folate-CLIPTAC降解体系,其特征在于,包含A、B两部分:
T1-E3L-L1-Click1;T2-POIL-L2-Click2
A部分B部分
其中:
A部分与B部分的物质的量比例为0.5~2;
E3L为泛素E3连接酶配体;
POIL为与目标蛋白POI有结合性能的化合物;
T1、T2独立地为靶向基团,所述的靶向基团为基因靶向物质、脂质纳米粒、硝基咪唑类乏氧靶向基团、叶酸类肿瘤细胞靶向基团、胆酸类肝靶向基团、唾液酸受体靶向基团、转钴胺素受体靶向基团或转铁蛋白受体靶向基团;
Click1与Click2成对出现,是发生点击化学反应的功能基团;
L1是连接链;
L2是连接链。
2.如权利要求1所述的具有组织靶向性并可原位生成PROTAC分子的folate-CLIPTAC降解体系,其特征在于,所述的E3L的结构如下:
式中*为连接Linker位置;
T1、T2独立地为硝基咪唑类乏氧靶向基团、叶酸类肿瘤细胞靶向基团、胆酸类肝靶向吸收基团或唾液酸受体靶向基团;
Click1与Click2成对出现,为发生Staudinger反应的叠氮基与三价膦取代物、发生CuAAC反应的炔基与叠氮基取代物、发生SPAAC反应的叠氮基与环辛炔取代物、发生IEDDA反应的反式环辛烯取代物与四嗪取代物,以及巯基与烯基。
3.如权利要求1所述的具有组织靶向性并可原位生成PROTAC分子的folate-CLIPTAC降解体系,其特征在于,其特征在于,
E3L选自CRBN类配体或VHL类配体;
T1、T2为叶酸类肿瘤细胞靶向基团、胆酸类肝靶向吸收基团或唾液酸受体靶向基团;
Click1与Click2成对出现,为发生IEDDA反应的反式环辛烯取代物与四嗪(Tz)取代物,或者巯基与烯基。
4.根据权利要求1所述的具有组织靶向性并可原位生成PROTAC分子的folate-CLIPTAC降解体系,其特征在于,为式II所示的结构:
式II.A部分,
式II.B部分;
其中,
A部分与B部分的摩尔比为1:1;
m,n为0-10整数。
5.一种如权利要求1所述的具有组织靶向性并可原位生成PROTAC分子的folate-CLIPTAC降解体系在药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于,所述药学上可接受的盐为盐酸盐、氢溴酸盐、氢碘酸盐、硫酸盐、硫酸氢盐、磷酸盐、乙酸盐、丙酸盐、丁酸盐、草酸盐、酒石酸盐、甲磺酸盐、对甲苯磺酸盐、富马酸盐、牛磺酸盐、柠檬酸盐、琥珀酸盐,或其混合盐。
6.一种如权利要求1所述的具有组织靶向性并可原位生成PROTAC分子的folate-CLIPTAC降解体系及其在药学上可接受的盐在制备药物中的应用,其特征在于,所述的药物为用于制备预防或治疗因POI蛋白表达过多所引起的疾病的药物制剂。
7.如权利要求6所述的应用,其特征在于,所述的因POI蛋白表达过多所引起的疾病为乳腺癌、白血病、皮肤癌、子宫颈癌、食管癌、肺癌、胶质瘤、阿尔茨海默症、肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症、白内障、帕金森氏病、克-雅二氏病、亨廷顿氏病、急性痛风、关节疼痛、家族性地中海热或肝硬化。
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