CN118268586A - Preparation method of metal matrix composite - Google Patents
Preparation method of metal matrix composite Download PDFInfo
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- CN118268586A CN118268586A CN202410358214.XA CN202410358214A CN118268586A CN 118268586 A CN118268586 A CN 118268586A CN 202410358214 A CN202410358214 A CN 202410358214A CN 118268586 A CN118268586 A CN 118268586A
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- 239000011156 metal matrix composite Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011208 reinforced composite material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 5
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000016 photochemical curing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 firstly Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001192 hot extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010907 mechanical stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011268 mixed slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of composite materials, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a metal matrix composite material, wherein the preparation method is used for preprocessing alloy powder, and the preprocessing temperature is optimized, so that the better fluidity of the powder can be ensured, the powder spreading and the binder permeation are facilitated, and the printing effect and the printing quality are ensured; the invention adopts low-temperature solidification/presintering, not only can volatilize a part of the binder, form gaps between the powder and the powder parts, be favorable for filling ceramic particles in the subsequent process, but also has higher bonding strength between the powder adhered by the binder after presintering, and greatly reduces the rejection rate of semi-finished products; after the green body of the binder-sprayed metal 3D printing technology is solidified at low temperature and presintered, the part is in a powder adhesion state, at the moment, the green body is immersed in ceramic particle suspension solution, so that the suspension solution can be uniformly diffused into gaps between powder of a metal blank, ceramic particles and the like are left in the part through a drying procedure, and after high-temperature sintering, the binder is thoroughly removed, the metallurgical bonding degree between the powder and the powder is achieved, and a compact ceramic particle reinforced composite material is formed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of composite materials, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a metal matrix composite material.
Background
The preparation method of the existing metal matrix composite mainly comprises the following steps: stirring casting, powder metallurgy, in situ reaction autogenous methods, and the like, but all suffer from drawbacks. The powder metallurgy method is to mechanically mix the powder metal matrix and the reinforcing phase according to a certain proportion, prepare after uniform mixing, and directly perform hot pressing, hot extrusion molding or press blank and sintering to prepare the composite material by using the mixture, but the equipment is complex, the processing cost is high, and the powder metallurgy method cannot be suitable for preparing components with complex structures. The stirring casting method is to add reinforcing phase into semi-molten or molten metal under certain conditions by means of mechanical stirring, electromagnetic stirring, ultrasonic stirring and other modes, and to disperse the reinforcing phase into the metal matrix melt while stirring continuously, and to cast and extrude the mixture after the mixture is homogeneous. The stirring casting method mainly has the following problems: the distribution of the additional reinforcing phase is uneven, and air hole defects are easily caused by improper carrying-in and stirring of the reinforcing phase. The in-situ reaction autogenous method is a preparation method of a composite material which generates a required reinforcing phase in a matrix by utilizing a proper amount of reaction between different elements or compounds under a certain condition, but the reaction temperature, the reaction environment and the catalyst content have great influence on the synthesis of the reinforcing phase, and the reaction process is difficult to control accurately.
The patent of publication No. CN104874768A discloses a method for preparing a metal matrix composite by using a 3D printing space structure, and belongs to the technical field of metal matrix composites. Firstly, a space structure three-dimensional model is established by drawing software, and the three-dimensional model is printed into a space structure plastic template by a 3D printer; then preparing ceramic particles and a binder into slurry, and pouring the slurry into a space structure gap of a plastic template; drying, gradually heating, removing plastic, and sintering to obtain a ceramic particle preform with certain strength and complex space structure; finally, preparing the metal matrix composite by utilizing the pressure impregnation technology such as vacuum suction casting and extrusion casting. The method can prepare the composite material with the complex space structure which is accurately controlled and widely changed, and has simple process and convenient mechanized and automatic batch production. However, the technical scheme has low forming flexibility and long production period, and is difficult to realize the ceramic particle reinforced metal matrix composite material with large volume and uniform distribution.
The patent with publication number CN110128144A discloses a metal and ceramic composite material, which comprises a ceramic framework and a metal matrix, wherein the ceramic framework is arranged in the metal matrix, and the ceramic framework is a three-dimensional net structure formed by a plurality of hollow ceramic balls and a plurality of ceramic rods for connecting two adjacent hollow ceramic balls. The invention has reasonable design, can accurately control the shape and the size of the framework by combining 3D printing, conforms to the expansion production of products, has good molding effect and high precision, can be completely generated according to a preset structure, and has high repeatability and production efficiency; the ceramic frameworks are regularly and orderly distributed in the matrix, so that failure damage caused by stress concentration possibly caused by ceramic particle adhesion is reduced to the maximum extent; an interlocking structure is formed with the matrix to prevent crack initiation and fully exert the excellent performance of the ceramic and the matrix. However, the technical scheme has low forming flexibility, and the shape and the size of the framework are designed according to the parts, so that the direct manufacturing of the complex shape cannot be realized.
The patent with publication number CN112226640A discloses a preparation method of ceramic particle reinforced metal matrix composite, firstly, ceramic particles and resin mixed slurry are prepared, a ceramic particle blank is prepared by stacking and forming layer by using a photocuring 3D printing technology, then, after vacuum degreasing and high-temperature sintering, a ceramic particle preform with strong binding property is obtained, and the ceramic particle reinforced metal matrix composite with a complex space structure is prepared by combining a pressureless infiltration method. The invention adopts three-dimensional modeling software to design and optimize the space structure of the preform, controls the volume fraction occupied by particles, and increases the wettability of molten metal and ceramic particles on the inner side surface of the intercommunicated three-dimensional structure; and the blank prepared by photo-curing 3D printing is not easy to crack and deform, after degreasing and sintering, the bonding strength and compactness of the preform structure are ensured, the collapse in the infiltration process of the melt is avoided, the yield is improved, and the production cost is reduced. However, the technical scheme has low forming flexibility, waste gas and waste residue are generated in the manufacturing process, and green production is not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a preparation method of a metal matrix composite material aiming at the defects of the prior art.
The method is realized by the following technical scheme:
A preparation method of a metal matrix composite material comprises the following steps:
1) Layering and slicing: leading the metal part model into slicing software, and slicing the metal part model in layers to obtain contour data of each layer;
2) Adhesive-sprayed metal 3D printing of metal part models: importing the model data with the layered slice into adhesive spraying 3D printing equipment, starting single-layer printing according to the sliced two-dimensional contour data by a printer, and repeating the single-layer printing operation until the model printing of the metal part is completed;
3) Curing of binder-sprayed metal 3D printed porous model green body: the adhesive sprays the metal 3D to print the metal part model finished, the pre-sintering process is first carried out, and a green body is obtained;
4) Impregnation of the reinforcing phase: immersing the green body in the step 3) into the ceramic particle suspension solution, standing until the mixed solution fully fills the gaps of the metal part blank, and taking out the green body.
5) And (3) drying: placing the green body obtained in the step 4) into a vacuum drying box for low-temperature drying to form a uniformly-dispersed composite material blank;
6) High-temperature sintering of adhesive spraying metal 3D printing metal part model: and (5) sintering the uniformly dispersed composite blank at high temperature to form the metal-based composite material.
The profile data of each layer comprises layer thickness and layer number; the layer thickness is 0.03-0.06 mm; the number of layers is the actual height/layer thickness of the metal part model.
The single-layer printing is to firstly spread a layer of pretreated metal powder, and then spray the binder by a printing nozzle according to the two-dimensional contour data.
The pretreatment of the metal powder is to dry the metal powder with the particle size of 0-25 mu m for 4 hours at the temperature of 80-120 ℃.
The temperature of the pre-sintering is 200 ℃.
The preparation of the ceramic particle suspension solution is to dissolve reinforcing particles in an organic solvent to prepare a suspension with the mass concentration of 1-15%.
The reinforcing particles are any one or more of TiC and SiC.
The metal powder is any one or more of magnesium alloy, aluminum alloy and titanium alloy powder.
The low-temperature drying temperature is 80-200 ℃ and the time is 4 hours.
The high temperature sintering temperature is lower than the melting temperature of the metal powder.
The high-temperature sintering temperature is the melting temperature of the metal powder (20-40).
The invention pretreats the alloy powder, preferably the pretreatments at a temperature, can ensure better fluidity of the powder, is beneficial to powder spreading and binder permeation, and further ensures printing effect and quality.
The invention adopts low-temperature solidification/presintering, not only can volatilize a part of the binder, form gaps between the powder and the powder parts, be favorable for filling ceramic particles in the subsequent process, but also has higher bonding strength between the powder adhered by the binder after presintering, and greatly reduces the rejection rate of semi-finished products.
After the green body of the binder-sprayed metal 3D printing technology is solidified/presintered at low temperature, the part is in a powder bonding state, at the moment, the green body is immersed in ceramic particle suspension solution, so that the suspension solution can be uniformly diffused into gaps between powder of a metal blank, ceramic particles and the like are left in the part through a drying procedure, and after high-temperature sintering, the binder is thoroughly removed, the metallurgical bonding degree between the powder is achieved, and a compact ceramic particle reinforced composite material is formed.
The beneficial effects are that:
1. the method meets the personalized manufacturing requirement of the parts, and is suitable for producing parts with complex structures and parts with high precision.
2. The method of the invention has the advantages of no need of a mould, low production period and cost and large-scale production.
3. The part produced by the method has excellent mechanical property and the composite phase is uniformly dispersed.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the invention is provided in further detail, but the invention is not limited to these embodiments, any modifications or substitutions in the basic spirit of the present examples, which still fall within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Example 1
A preparation method of a ZK61 magnesium alloy-TiC ceramic particle composite material comprises the following steps:
1) Material preparation:
Pretreatment of metal powder: ZK61 magnesium alloy powder with the particle size of 25 mu m is placed at the temperature of 100 ℃ and dried for 4 hours;
Preparing a ceramic particle suspension solution: dissolving TiC ceramic particles in an organic solvent to prepare a suspension with the mass concentration of 15%;
2) Layering and slicing: the metal part model is imported into slicing software, the layer thickness is set to be 0.03-0.06 mm, layering slicing is firstly carried out on the metal part model, and calculation is carried out according to the actual height/layer thickness of the metal part model, so that contour data of each layer are obtained;
3) Adhesive-sprayed metal 3D printing of metal part models: importing the model data with the layered and sliced layers into adhesive spraying 3D printing equipment, starting single-layer printing by a printer according to the sliced two-dimensional contour data, wherein the single-layer printing is to spread a layer of pretreated metal powder firstly, then spraying an adhesive according to each layer of two-dimensional contour data by a printing nozzle, continuing to print the next layer according to the method, and repeating the single-layer printing operation until the printing of the metal part model is completed;
4) Curing of binder-sprayed metal 3D printed porous model green body: spraying a binder on a metal part model subjected to 3D printing, and presintering for 1.5 hours at 200 ℃ to obtain a green body;
5) Impregnation of the reinforcing phase: immersing the green body in the step 3) into the ceramic particle suspension solution, standing until the mixed solution fully fills the gaps of the metal part blank, and taking out the green body.
6) And (3) drying: placing the green body obtained in the step 4) into a vacuum drying box, and drying for 4 hours at a low temperature of 200 ℃ to form a uniformly dispersed composite material blank;
7) High-temperature sintering of adhesive spraying metal 3D printing metal part model: and (3) sintering the uniformly dispersed composite blank at a high temperature for 1h under the condition of lower than the melting temperature (namely about 620 ℃) of the ZK61 magnesium alloy to form the metal-based composite.
Tensile properties of 5wt% TiC/ZK61 magnesium-based composite material were tested according to GB/T228.1-2010, results: the tensile strength is more than or equal to 380MPa, the elongation is more than or equal to 3.5 percent, and the density is more than or equal to 99.5 percent; and the tensile strength of the ZK61 magnesium alloy is more than or equal to 280MPa, the elongation is more than or equal to 8%, and compared with the ZK61 magnesium alloy, the mechanical property of the embodiment is obviously improved.
Example 2
A preparation method of an AZ91 magnesium alloy-TiC ceramic particle composite material comprises the following steps:
1) Material preparation:
Pretreatment of metal powder: drying magnesium alloy powder with the particle size of 10 mu m at 80 ℃ for 4 hours;
preparing a ceramic particle suspension solution: tiC ceramic particles are dissolved in an organic solvent to prepare a suspension with the mass concentration of 1%;
2) Layering and slicing: the metal part model is imported into slicing software, the layer thickness is set to be 0.03-0.06 mm, layering slicing is firstly carried out on the metal part model, and calculation is carried out according to the actual height/layer thickness of the metal part model, so that contour data of each layer are obtained;
3) Adhesive-sprayed metal 3D printing of metal part models: importing the model data with the layered and sliced layers into adhesive spraying 3D printing equipment, starting single-layer printing by a printer according to the sliced two-dimensional contour data, wherein the single-layer printing is to spread a layer of pretreated metal powder firstly, then spraying an adhesive according to each layer of two-dimensional contour data by a printing nozzle, continuing to print the next layer according to the method, and repeating the single-layer printing operation until the printing of the metal part model is completed;
4) Curing of binder-sprayed metal 3D printed porous model green body: spraying a binder on a metal part model subjected to 3D printing, and presintering for 1h at 200 ℃ to obtain a green body;
5) Impregnation of the reinforcing phase: immersing the green body in the step 3) into the ceramic particle suspension solution, standing until the mixed solution fully fills the gaps of the metal part blank, and taking out the green body.
6) And (3) drying: placing the green body obtained in the step 4) into a vacuum drying box, and drying for 4 hours at a low temperature of 100 ℃ to form a uniformly dispersed composite material blank;
7) High-temperature sintering of adhesive spraying metal 3D printing metal part model: and (3) sintering the uniformly dispersed composite blank at a high temperature for 2 hours under the condition that the melting temperature of the AZ91 magnesium alloy is lower than (i.e. about 610 ℃), so as to form the metal-based composite.
Detection of 3wt% TiC/AZ91 magnesium based composite resulted in: the tensile strength is more than or equal to 290MPa, the elongation is more than or equal to 4 percent, and the density is more than or equal to 99.6 percent. In contrast, the tensile strength of the AZ91D magnesium alloy is 208MPa, the elongation is 8%, and the mechanical property of the embodiment is remarkably improved.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the metal matrix composite is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) Layering and slicing: leading the metal part model into slicing software, and slicing the metal part model in layers to obtain contour data of each layer;
2) Adhesive-sprayed metal 3D printing of metal part models: importing the model data with the layered slice into adhesive spraying 3D printing equipment, starting single-layer printing according to the sliced two-dimensional contour data by a printer, and repeating the single-layer printing operation until the model printing of the metal part is completed;
3) Curing of binder-sprayed metal 3D printed porous model green body: the adhesive sprays the metal 3D to print the metal part model finished, the pre-sintering process is first carried out, and a green body is obtained;
4) Impregnation of the reinforcing phase: immersing the green body in the step 3) into the ceramic particle suspension solution, standing until the mixed solution fully fills the gaps of the metal part blank, and taking out the green body.
5) And (3) drying: placing the green body obtained in the step 4) into a vacuum drying box for low-temperature drying to form a uniformly-dispersed composite material blank;
6) High-temperature sintering of adhesive spraying metal 3D printing metal part model: and (5) sintering the uniformly dispersed composite blank at high temperature to form the metal-based composite material.
2. A method of preparing a metal matrix composite according to claim 1 wherein the profile data for each layer includes layer thickness and layer number; the layer thickness is 0.03-0.06 mm; the number of layers is the actual height/layer thickness of the metal part model.
3. A method of producing a metal matrix composite according to claim 1 wherein the single layer printing is a pre-treated metal powder layer first and then a printing nozzle sprays the binder according to the two-dimensional profile data.
4. The method for preparing a metal matrix composite according to claim 1, wherein the pretreatment of the metal powder is to dry the metal powder with a particle size of 0-25 μm at 80-120 ℃ for 4 hours.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the pre-sintering temperature is 200 ℃.
6. The method for preparing a metal matrix composite according to claim 1, wherein the suspension of ceramic particles is prepared by dissolving reinforcing particles in an organic solvent to prepare a suspension with a mass concentration of 1% -15%.
7. The method for preparing a metal matrix composite according to claim 1, wherein the reinforcing particles are any one or more of TiC and SiC.
8. The method for preparing a metal matrix composite according to claim 1, wherein the metal powder is any one or more of magnesium alloy, aluminum alloy and titanium alloy powder.
9. The method for preparing a metal matrix composite according to claim 1, wherein the low temperature drying is performed at 80-200 ℃ for 4 hours.
10. A method of producing a metal matrix composite according to claim 1 wherein the high temperature sintering is at a temperature below the melting temperature of the metal powder.
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