CN118263476A - Fuel cell stack activation method - Google Patents
Fuel cell stack activation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN118263476A CN118263476A CN202410566678.XA CN202410566678A CN118263476A CN 118263476 A CN118263476 A CN 118263476A CN 202410566678 A CN202410566678 A CN 202410566678A CN 118263476 A CN118263476 A CN 118263476A
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 181
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 167
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 82
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 68
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001994 activation Methods 0.000 description 77
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- -1 hydrogen ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010411 electrocatalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006056 electrooxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000003642 hunger Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000037351 starvation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04492—Humidity; Ambient humidity; Water content
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04828—Humidity; Water content
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fuel cell stack activation method, which relates to the field of fuel cell stack testing and is characterized in that after a fuel cell stack is pulled and loaded to the highest current density corresponding to a polarization curve; reducing the metering ratio of the cathode, wherein the reducing step length is a first reducing step length, and the first operation time length is reduced after the steps are reduced, and then the cathode is restored to the normal cathode metering ratio, wherein the operation time length of each step is a second operation time length; increasing the metering ratio of the cathode, wherein the increasing step length is a first increasing step length, and operating for a third operation time length after a plurality of steps are increased, and then recovering to the normal cathode metering ratio, wherein the operation time length of each step is a fourth operation time length; after repeating the above operation 1 to 3 times, the activation of the fuel cell stack is completed. The invention can shorten the activation time of the fuel cell stack, improve the activation speed of the fuel cell stack, improve the activation efficiency of the fuel cell stack, save the hydrogen consumption, reduce the activation cost of the fuel cell stack and avoid damaging the fuel cell stack.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fuel cell stack testing, in particular to a fuel cell stack activation method.
Background
After the fuel cell pile is assembled, the fuel cell pile is installed on a pile test bench, and the electrocatalyst is not operated for a long time, so that the surface of the catalyst can generate oxidation reaction in the atmosphere, the catalytic performance of the formed oxide is lower, the performance of the pile can be improved only by exposing the reactive site through activation, the electronic transmission channel of the electrochemical reaction can be opened through activation, the performance and consistency of the pile can be greatly improved after activation, meanwhile, water is generated through reaction, hydrogen ions generated through anode reaction and water are combined to generate water-phase hydrogen ions, and the proton and water transmission channel of the hydrogen ions can be opened through a proton exchange membrane which can only penetrate through the hydrogen ions, so that the performance of the fuel cell is restored to the performance level of normal operation. The activation process of the fuel cell mainly adopts an on-line activation mode, hydrogen and air are used for running according to the designed activation condition, pulling and loading are carried out for a plurality of times according to the condition, after pulling and loading are carried out for 3-5 times, voltage-current density curves drawn during each pulling and loading are compared, when the performance difference of the two curves is very small, the activation can be considered to be completed, namely, the activation can be considered to be completed within 5mV of average voltage, and the activated fuel cell stack can be used for research and development or for assembling a fuel cell system. The method is safe, does not damage the galvanic pile, has more visual activation effect, but is time-consuming, consumes large amount of hydrogen, and consumes large amount of hydrogen if the galvanic pile is long. Mass production of stacks requires exploration of a low cost, fast activation method. In view of the above problems, it is necessary to develop a new fuel cell stack activation method to overcome the problems of the existing fuel cells.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a fuel cell stack activation method for solving the problems of low activation speed, low activation efficiency and large hydrogen consumption existing in the existing fuel cell stack activation method.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for achieving the purpose is as follows: a fuel cell stack activation method comprising the steps of:
s1, mounting a fuel cell stack on a stack test bench;
S2, introducing dry nitrogen into the anode of the fuel cell stack at a first introducing speed, introducing dry nitrogen into the cathode of the fuel cell stack at a second introducing speed, synchronously adjusting the anode pressure and the cathode pressure to a first pressure value, and stopping introducing dry nitrogen at the anode and the cathode after the anode and the cathode are purged by the dry nitrogen;
S3, introducing wet nitrogen into the anode of the fuel cell stack at a third inlet speed, introducing wet nitrogen into the cathode of the fuel cell stack at a fourth inlet speed, synchronously adjusting the anode pressure and the cathode pressure to a second pressure value, and stopping introducing wet nitrogen at the anode and the cathode after the wet nitrogen purges the anode and the cathode;
S4, a cooling water pump and a circulating water pump are turned on, the water flow of the circulating water pump is set to be a first water flow, hydrogen is introduced into an anode through a constant pressure-hydrogen reflux pump mode, air is introduced into a cathode through a metering ratio mode, the anode stacking pressure and the cathode stacking pressure are both set to be a first stacking pressure, the water temperature of the circulating water pump is heated to be a first water temperature, the hydrogen stacking humidity is set to be consistent with the hydrogen stacking humidity of the highest point of a polarization curve, the air stacking humidity is set to be consistent with the air stacking humidity of the highest point of the polarization curve, and heat tracing bands at air inlets of the anode and the cathode are set to be a first temperature;
S5, activating the fuel cell stack, wherein the cathode metering ratio is the metering ratio corresponding to each current density under the testing condition of the polarization curve of the fuel cell stack, pulling and loading the fuel cell stack by adopting a constant current mode, and after the fuel cell stack is operated for 1-3 min by adopting the cathode gas quantity corresponding to the next current density and the rotating speed of an anode reflux pump just before pulling and loading the next current density, adjusting the circulating water flow, the anode pressure and the cathode pressure to the circulating water flow, the anode pressure and the cathode pressure corresponding to the next current density until the fuel cell stack is pulled and loaded to the highest current density corresponding to the polarization curve;
S6, reducing the metering ratio of the cathode, wherein the reducing step length is a first reducing step length, and the first operation time length is reduced after the steps are reduced, and then the normal cathode metering ratio is restored, wherein the operation time length of each step is a second operation time length;
s7, increasing the metering ratio of the cathode, wherein the increasing step length is a first increasing step length, and operating for a third operation time length after a plurality of steps are increased, and then recovering to the normal cathode metering ratio, wherein the operation time length of each step is a fourth operation time length;
S8, repeating the step S6 and the step S7 for 1-3 times, and completing activation of the fuel cell stack;
S9, carrying out load reduction on the current density of the fuel cell stack, stopping introducing hydrogen and air and closing the cooling water pump and the circulating water pump after carrying out load reduction on the current density of the fuel cell stack to be 0;
s10, introducing nitrogen into the hydrogen cavity and the air cavity of the fuel cell stack for purging.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, in the step S2, the first introducing speed is 50-100 splm, the second introducing speed is 70-150 slpm, the first pressure value is 0.5-1.0 bar, and the dry nitrogen gas purges the anode and the cathode for 3-5 min. .
According to some embodiments of the invention, in the step S3, the third introducing speed is 50-100 splm, the fourth introducing speed is 70-150 slpm, the second pressure value is 0.5-1.0 bar, the relative humidity of the wet nitrogen is 95%, and the wet nitrogen purges the anode and the cathode for 3-5 min.
According to some embodiments of the invention, in the step S4, the first water flow is 20-80L/min, the first stacking pressure is 0.4-0.6 bar, the first water temperature is 60-80 ℃, and the first temperature is 60-80 ℃.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, in the step S6, the first step-down length is 0.1-0.3, the step-down number is 1-3, the first operation duration is 2-5 min, and the second operation duration is 1-3 min.
In a fuel cell stack activation method according to some embodiments of the present invention, in the step S6, the first step-down step is 0.2.
According to some embodiments of the invention, in the step S7, the first increasing step length is 0.1-0.3, the increasing step number is 1-3, the third operation duration is 2-5 min, and the fourth operation duration is 1-3 min.
In a fuel cell stack activation method according to some embodiments of the present invention, in the step S7, the first increment step is 0.2.
In the step S10, wet nitrogen is introduced into the hydrogen chamber and the air chamber of the fuel cell stack at 70-150 slpm for purging 150-300S, and dry nitrogen is introduced into the hydrogen chamber and the air chamber of the fuel cell stack at 70-150 slpm for purging 30-50S.
The fuel cell stack activation method shortens the activation time of the fuel cell stack, improves the activation speed of the fuel cell stack, can improve the activation efficiency of the fuel cell stack, saves the hydrogen consumption and reduces the activation cost of the fuel cell stack.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of current density and metering ratio versus time for a fuel cell stack of an embodiment of the present invention at a maximum activation current density;
FIG. 2 is a graph of current density and range versus time for a fuel cell stack of an embodiment of the present invention at a maximum activation current density;
fig. 3 is a graph comparing fuel cell stack performance after conventional activation and rapid activation in an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are illustrative of the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The fuel cell stack activation method of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
s1, mounting a fuel cell stack on a stack test bench;
S2, introducing dry nitrogen into the anode of the fuel cell stack at a first introducing speed, introducing dry nitrogen into the cathode of the fuel cell stack at a second introducing speed, synchronously adjusting the anode pressure and the cathode pressure to a first pressure value, and stopping introducing dry nitrogen at the anode and the cathode after the anode and the cathode are purged by the dry nitrogen;
Specifically, the first introducing speed is 50-100 splm, the second introducing speed is 70-150 slpm, the first pressure value is 0.5-1.0 bar, the anode and the cathode are purged by dry nitrogen for 3-5 min, and when the cathode and the anode are introduced with dry nitrogen, the cathode and the anode need to be synchronously boosted, so that the damage to the membrane electrode of the fuel cell stack can be avoided;
S3, introducing wet nitrogen into the anode of the fuel cell stack at a third inlet speed, introducing wet nitrogen into the cathode of the fuel cell stack at a fourth inlet speed, synchronously adjusting the anode pressure and the cathode pressure to a second pressure value, and stopping introducing wet nitrogen at the anode and the cathode after the wet nitrogen purges the anode and the cathode;
Specifically, the third inlet speed is 50-100 splm, the fourth inlet speed is 70-150 slpm, the second pressure value is 0.5-1.0 bar, the relative humidity of wet nitrogen is 95%, the wet nitrogen sweeps the anode and the cathode for 3-5 min, and when the wet nitrogen is pumped into the cathode and the anode, the cathode and the anode need to be synchronously boosted, so that the damage to the membrane electrode of the fuel cell stack can be avoided;
S4, a cooling water pump and a circulating water pump are turned on, the water flow of the circulating water pump is set to be a first water flow, hydrogen is introduced into an anode through a constant pressure-hydrogen reflux pump mode, air is introduced into a cathode through a metering ratio mode, the anode stacking pressure and the cathode stacking pressure are both set to be a first stacking pressure, the water temperature of the circulating water pump is heated to be a first water temperature, the hydrogen stacking humidity is set to be consistent with the hydrogen stacking humidity of the highest point of a polarization curve, the air stacking humidity is set to be consistent with the air stacking humidity of the highest point of the polarization curve, and heat tracing bands at air inlets of the anode and the cathode are set to be a first temperature;
specifically, the first water flow rate is 20-80L/min, the first stacking pressure is 0.4-0.6 bar, the first water temperature is 60-80 ℃, the first temperature is 60-80 ℃, and the polarization curve is measured by other fuel cell stacks with the same specification, which are produced in the same batch as the activated fuel cell stacks in the embodiment;
S5, activating the fuel cell stack, carrying out pulling and loading the fuel cell stack by adopting a constant-current mode, introducing hydrogen into an anode by adopting a constant-pressure-hydrogen reflux pump mode, introducing air into a cathode by adopting a metering ratio mode, wherein the cathode metering ratio is the metering ratio corresponding to each current density of a fuel cell stack polarization curve test condition, carrying out pulling and loading the fuel cell stack by adopting the constant-current mode, and after the fuel cell stack is about to be pulled and loaded with the next current density, adopting the cathode gas quantity corresponding to the next current density and the rotating speed of the anode reflux pump to operate for 1-3 min, and adjusting the circulating water flow, the anode pressure and the cathode pressure to the circulating water flow, the anode pressure and the cathode pressure corresponding to the next current density until the fuel cell stack is pulled and loaded to the highest current density corresponding to the polarization curve;
S6, reducing the metering ratio of the cathode, wherein the reducing step length is a first reducing step length, and the first operation time length is reduced after the steps are reduced, and then the normal cathode metering ratio is restored, wherein the operation time length of each step is a second operation time length;
specifically, the first step-down length is 0.1-0.3, the step-down number is 1-3, the first operation time is 2-5 min, and the second operation time is 1-3 min;
s7, increasing the metering ratio of the cathode, wherein the increasing step length is a first increasing step length, and operating for a third operation time length after a plurality of steps are increased, and then recovering to the normal cathode metering ratio, wherein the operation time length of each step is a fourth operation time length;
Specifically, the first increasing step length is 0.1-0.3, the increasing step number is 1-3, the third running time is 2-5 min, and the fourth running time is 1-3 min;
s8, repeating the step S6 and the step S7 for 1-3 times, and completing activation of the fuel cell stack; the embodiment can reach the activation completion standard without carrying out a multi-wheel pulling load mode similar to the traditional activation mode;
S9, carrying out load reduction on the current density of the fuel cell stack, stopping introducing hydrogen and air and closing the cooling water pump and the circulating water pump after carrying out load reduction on the current density of the fuel cell stack to be 0;
S10, introducing nitrogen into a hydrogen cavity and an air cavity of the fuel cell stack for purging;
Specifically, wet nitrogen is introduced into the hydrogen cavity and the air cavity of the fuel cell stack at 70-150 slpm for purging 150-300s, and dry nitrogen is introduced into the hydrogen cavity and the air cavity of the fuel cell stack at 70-150 slpm for purging 30-50 s.
Before the activation method of this embodiment is performed, the mass-produced fuel cell stack is sampled, and the average voltage performance of the normal operating condition at the completion of activation thereof is detected as an activation completion criterion. Fig. 1 is a graph showing the change of current density and metering ratio with time at the highest activation current density of the fuel cell stack of this example, and fig. 2 is a graph showing the change of current density and range with time at the highest activation current density of the fuel cell stack of this example, the difference between the voltages of the highest voltage cell and the lowest voltage cell in the stack represented by the range reflecting the uniformity of the fuel cell stack performance, the time taken for this activation by the method of this example was 30min to 40min, and this example only required 1 round of activation, with a total time of 30min to 40min. The conventional activation time is 1.5h for each activation operation, 3 rounds of activation are required to be operated, and the total time is 4.5h, so that the total time of activation of the fuel cell stack can be greatly shortened, the activation speed of the fuel cell stack is improved, and the hydrogen consumption is reduced by using the activation method of the embodiment, and fig. 3 is a graph comparing the performance of the fuel cell stack after conventional activation and rapid activation in the embodiment of the invention, and the difference between the performance of the fuel cell stack after the fuel cell stack is activated by using the method of the invention and the performance of the fuel cell stack after the fuel cell stack is used by using the conventional activation method is smaller.
As a preferred embodiment of the present embodiment, when the fuel cell stack is activated, a hydrogen source is used as a hydrogen supply source, an air compressor is used as an air supply source, a nitrogen cylinder group is used for providing nitrogen for pressure boosting, pressure maintaining and purging, and deionized water is used for providing water during activation, so as to wet the gas to be introduced into the fuel cell stack, and the stack test bench and its auxiliary equipment.
The various parameters in the fuel cell stack, such as gas flow, gas pressure, in-stack temperature and out-stack temperature, are kept constant during the operation of the fuel cell stack at each current density, which also ensures that the fuel cell stack power generation process is stable, and generally, stable performance output is expected during the operation of the fuel cell stack, but if the parameters are unchanged according to certain current density during the activation of the fuel cell stack, the possibility that the active sites of the catalyst surfaces in the membrane electrode which are not activated are reduced under the same current density, so that the probability of activation in the stack is lower. Therefore, by increasing the efficiency of the fuel cell stack reaction in the "starvation-fed state", the catalyst usage on the membrane electrode is smaller due to the smaller overpotential for the electro-oxidation reaction of hydrogen on the membrane electrode in the fuel cell stack, and the overpotential for the redox reaction on the cathode side is larger, so that the cathode catalyst needs to be fully activated, and thus, the activation of the fuel cell is mainly the activation of the cathode electrocatalyst, which is considered. The fuel cell stack activation is divided into constant-current natural activation, constant-current forced activation, variable-current forced activation and constant-voltage activation, and the constant-voltage activation can effectively reduce the agglomeration phenomenon generated during the activation of the catalyst, and can avoid slow carbon corrosion caused by high potential by setting lower voltage.
The traditional activation mode is that after the fuel cell stack is pulled to the highest current density which can be achieved by a set safety value, the fuel cell stack can continuously run for 20-40 min, when the fuel cell stack is in high current density operation, a large amount of liquid water is generated, and the mass transfer resistance between the gas phase and the solid phase can be increased by the liquid water in the membrane electrode, so that the contact uniformity between a reaction substrate and a catalyst active center is affected. The traditional activation mode is characterized in that all parameters are fixed, the physical and electrochemical reaction states of a reaction interface are in a steady state or change is slow and quasi-steady, and active points of all catalysts cannot be exposed effectively. However, in this embodiment, by reducing and increasing the metering ratio, the gas amount is changed after the metering ratio of the reaction gas is changed, and then the gas-liquid states of different flow channels in the electric pile are changed, the reduction of the gas amount is helpful for changing the steady state of the catalyst, the increase of the metering ratio is helpful for discharging liquid water, and the mass transfer resistance of the gas is reduced, and the changes can break the steady state to redistribute the active center sites where the reaction occurs, so that the overall activation process of the electric pile is accelerated.
Example 2
The fuel cell stack activation method of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
s1, mounting a fuel cell stack on a stack test bench;
S2, introducing dry nitrogen into the anode of the fuel cell stack at 50-100 splm, introducing dry nitrogen into the cathode of the fuel cell stack at 70-150 slpm, synchronously adjusting the anode pressure and the cathode pressure to 0.5-1.0 bar, purging the anode and the cathode with the dry nitrogen for 3-5 min, and stopping introducing dry nitrogen at the anode and the cathode; note that when dry nitrogen is introduced into the cathode and the anode, the cathode and the anode need to be boosted synchronously, so that the damage to the membrane electrode of the fuel cell stack can be avoided;
S3, introducing wet nitrogen into the anode of the fuel cell stack at 50-100 splm, introducing wet nitrogen into the cathode of the fuel cell stack at 70-150 slpm, synchronously adjusting the anode pressure and the cathode pressure to 0.5-1.0 bar, purging the anode and the cathode with the wet nitrogen for 3-5 min, and stopping introducing the wet nitrogen at the anode and the cathode; note that when wet nitrogen is introduced into the cathode and the anode, the cathode and the anode need to be boosted synchronously, so that the damage to the membrane electrode of the fuel cell stack can be avoided;
S4, a cooling water pump and a circulating water pump are started, the water flow rate of the circulating water pump is set to be 20-80L/min, hydrogen is introduced into an anode through a constant pressure-hydrogen reflux pump mode, air is introduced into a cathode through a metering ratio mode, the anode stacking pressure and the cathode stacking pressure are both set to be 0.4-0.6 bar, the water temperature of the circulating water pump is heated to 60-80 ℃, the hydrogen stacking humidity is set to be consistent with the hydrogen stacking humidity of the highest point of a polarization curve, the air stacking humidity is set to be consistent with the air stacking humidity of the highest point of the polarization curve, heat tracing zones at air inlets of the anode and the cathode are set to be 60-80 ℃, and the polarization curve is measured through other fuel cell stacks with the same specification as the activated fuel cell stacks in batch production in the embodiment;
S5, activating the fuel cell stack, carrying out pulling and loading the fuel cell stack by adopting a constant-current mode, introducing hydrogen into an anode by adopting a constant-pressure-hydrogen reflux pump mode, introducing air into a cathode by adopting a metering ratio mode, wherein the cathode metering ratio is the metering ratio corresponding to each current density of a fuel cell stack polarization curve test condition, carrying out pulling and loading the fuel cell stack by adopting the constant-current mode, and after the fuel cell stack is about to be pulled and loaded with the next current density, adopting the cathode gas quantity corresponding to the next current density and the rotating speed of the anode reflux pump to operate for 1-3 min, and adjusting the circulating water flow, the anode pressure and the cathode pressure to the circulating water flow, the anode pressure and the cathode pressure corresponding to the next current density until the fuel cell stack is pulled and loaded to the highest current density corresponding to the polarization curve;
s6, reducing the metering ratio of the cathode, setting the reduction step length to be 0.1, operating for 2-5 min after reducing the cathode by 3 steps, and recovering to the normal cathode metering ratio, wherein the operation time of each step is 1-3 min;
S7, increasing the metering ratio of the cathode, setting the increasing step length to be 0.1, and operating for 2-5 min after increasing by 3 steps, and then recovering to the normal cathode metering ratio, wherein the operating time of each step is 1-3 min;
s8, repeating the step S6 and the step S7 for 1-3 times, and completing activation of the fuel cell stack; the time for the activation is 30-40 min, so that the activation completion standard can be reached;
S9, carrying out load reduction on the current density of the fuel cell stack, stopping introducing hydrogen and air and closing the cooling water pump and the circulating water pump after carrying out load reduction on the current density of the fuel cell stack to be 0;
S10, introducing nitrogen into the hydrogen cavity and the air cavity of the fuel cell stack for purging, introducing wet nitrogen into the hydrogen cavity and the air cavity of the fuel cell stack at 70-150 slpm for purging for 150-300s, and introducing dry nitrogen into the hydrogen cavity and the air cavity of the fuel cell stack at 70-150 slpm for purging for 30-50 s.
Example 3
The fuel cell stack activation method of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
s1, mounting a fuel cell stack on a stack test bench;
S2, introducing dry nitrogen into the anode of the fuel cell stack at 50-100 splm, introducing dry nitrogen into the cathode of the fuel cell stack at 70-150 slpm, synchronously adjusting the anode pressure and the cathode pressure to 0.5-1.0 bar, purging the anode and the cathode with the dry nitrogen for 3-5 min, and stopping introducing dry nitrogen at the anode and the cathode; note that when dry nitrogen is introduced into the cathode and the anode, the cathode and the anode need to be boosted synchronously, so that the damage to the membrane electrode of the fuel cell stack can be avoided;
S3, introducing wet nitrogen into the anode of the fuel cell stack at 50-100 splm, introducing wet nitrogen into the cathode of the fuel cell stack at 70-150 slpm, synchronously adjusting the anode pressure and the cathode pressure to 0.5-1.0 bar, purging the anode and the cathode with the wet nitrogen for 3-5 min, and stopping introducing the wet nitrogen at the anode and the cathode; note that when wet nitrogen is introduced into the cathode and the anode, the cathode and the anode need to be boosted synchronously, so that the damage to the membrane electrode of the fuel cell stack can be avoided;
S4, a cooling water pump and a circulating water pump are started, the water flow rate of the circulating water pump is set to be 20-80L/min, hydrogen is introduced into an anode through a constant pressure-hydrogen reflux pump mode, air is introduced into a cathode through a metering ratio mode, the anode stacking pressure and the cathode stacking pressure are both set to be 0.4-0.6 bar, the water temperature of the circulating water pump is heated to 60-80 ℃, the hydrogen stacking humidity is set to be consistent with the hydrogen stacking humidity of the highest point of a polarization curve, the air stacking humidity is set to be consistent with the air stacking humidity of the highest point of the polarization curve, heat tracing zones at air inlets of the anode and the cathode are set to be 60-80 ℃, and the polarization curve is measured through other fuel cell stacks with the same specification as the activated fuel cell stacks in batch production in the embodiment;
S5, activating the fuel cell stack, carrying out pulling and loading the fuel cell stack by adopting a constant-current mode, introducing hydrogen into an anode by adopting a constant-pressure-hydrogen reflux pump mode, introducing air into a cathode by adopting a metering ratio mode, wherein the cathode metering ratio is the metering ratio corresponding to each current density of a fuel cell stack polarization curve test condition, carrying out pulling and loading the fuel cell stack by adopting the constant-current mode, and after the fuel cell stack is about to be pulled and loaded with the next current density, adopting the cathode gas quantity corresponding to the next current density and the rotating speed of the anode reflux pump to operate for 1-3 min, and adjusting the circulating water flow, the anode pressure and the cathode pressure to the circulating water flow, the anode pressure and the cathode pressure corresponding to the next current density until the fuel cell stack is pulled and loaded to the highest current density corresponding to the polarization curve;
s6, reducing the metering ratio of the cathode, setting the step length of the reduction to be 0.2, and operating for 2-5 min after reducing by 1-3 steps, and then recovering to the normal cathode metering ratio, wherein the operation time of each step is 1-3 min;
S7, increasing the metering ratio of the cathode, setting the increasing step length to be 0.2, and operating for 2-5 min after increasing by 1-3 steps, and then recovering to the normal cathode metering ratio, wherein the operating time of each step is 1-3 min;
s8, repeating the step S6 and the step S7 for 1-3 times, and completing activation of the fuel cell stack; the time for the activation is 30-40 min, so that the activation completion standard can be reached;
S9, carrying out load reduction on the current density of the fuel cell stack, stopping introducing hydrogen and air and closing the cooling water pump and the circulating water pump after carrying out load reduction on the current density of the fuel cell stack to be 0;
S10, introducing nitrogen into the hydrogen cavity and the air cavity of the fuel cell stack for purging, introducing wet nitrogen into the hydrogen cavity and the air cavity of the fuel cell stack at 70-150 slpm for purging for 150-300s, and introducing dry nitrogen into the hydrogen cavity and the air cavity of the fuel cell stack at 70-150 slpm for purging for 30-50 s.
Example 4
The fuel cell stack activation method of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
s1, mounting a fuel cell stack on a stack test bench;
S2, introducing dry nitrogen into the anode of the fuel cell stack at 50-100 splm, introducing dry nitrogen into the cathode of the fuel cell stack at 70-150 slpm, synchronously adjusting the anode pressure and the cathode pressure to 0.5-1.0 bar, purging the anode and the cathode with the dry nitrogen for 3-5 min, and stopping introducing dry nitrogen at the anode and the cathode; note that when dry nitrogen is introduced into the cathode and the anode, the cathode and the anode need to be boosted synchronously, so that the damage to the membrane electrode of the fuel cell stack can be avoided;
S3, introducing wet nitrogen into the anode of the fuel cell stack at 50-100 splm, introducing wet nitrogen into the cathode of the fuel cell stack at 70-150 slpm, synchronously adjusting the anode pressure and the cathode pressure to 0.5-1.0 bar, purging the anode and the cathode with the wet nitrogen for 3-5 min, and stopping introducing the wet nitrogen at the anode and the cathode; note that when wet nitrogen is introduced into the cathode and the anode, the cathode and the anode need to be boosted synchronously, so that the damage to the membrane electrode of the fuel cell stack can be avoided;
S4, a cooling water pump and a circulating water pump are started, the water flow rate of the circulating water pump is set to be 20-80L/min, hydrogen is introduced into an anode through a constant pressure-hydrogen reflux pump mode, air is introduced into a cathode through a metering ratio mode, the anode stacking pressure and the cathode stacking pressure are both set to be 0.4-0.6 bar, the water temperature of the circulating water pump is heated to 60-80 ℃, the hydrogen stacking humidity is set to be consistent with the hydrogen stacking humidity of the highest point of a polarization curve, the air stacking humidity is set to be consistent with the air stacking humidity of the highest point of the polarization curve, heat tracing zones at air inlets of the anode and the cathode are set to be 60-80 ℃, and the polarization curve is measured through other fuel cell stacks with the same specification as the activated fuel cell stacks in batch production in the embodiment;
S5, activating the fuel cell stack, carrying out pulling and loading the fuel cell stack by adopting a constant-current mode, introducing hydrogen into an anode by adopting a constant-pressure-hydrogen reflux pump mode, introducing air into a cathode by adopting a metering ratio mode, wherein the cathode metering ratio is the metering ratio corresponding to each current density of a fuel cell stack polarization curve test condition, carrying out pulling and loading the fuel cell stack by adopting the constant-current mode, and after the fuel cell stack is about to be pulled and loaded with the next current density, adopting the cathode gas quantity corresponding to the next current density and the rotating speed of the anode reflux pump to operate for 1-3 min, and adjusting the circulating water flow, the anode pressure and the cathode pressure to the circulating water flow, the anode pressure and the cathode pressure corresponding to the next current density until the fuel cell stack is pulled and loaded to the highest current density corresponding to the polarization curve;
s6, reducing the metering ratio of the cathode, setting the step length of the reduction to be 0.3, and operating for 2-5 min after reducing by 1-3 steps, and then recovering to the normal cathode metering ratio, wherein the operation time of each step is 1-3 min;
s7, increasing the metering ratio of the cathode, setting the increasing step length to be 0.3, and operating for 2-5 min after increasing by 1-3 steps, and then recovering to the normal cathode metering ratio, wherein the operating time of each step is 1-3 min;
s8, repeating the step S6 and the step S7 for 1-3 times, and completing activation of the fuel cell stack; the time for the activation is 30-40 min, so that the activation completion standard can be reached;
S9, carrying out load reduction on the current density of the fuel cell stack, stopping introducing hydrogen and air and closing the cooling water pump and the circulating water pump after carrying out load reduction on the current density of the fuel cell stack to be 0;
S10, introducing nitrogen into the hydrogen cavity and the air cavity of the fuel cell stack for purging, introducing wet nitrogen into the hydrogen cavity and the air cavity of the fuel cell stack at 70-150 slpm for purging for 150-300s, and introducing dry nitrogen into the hydrogen cavity and the air cavity of the fuel cell stack at 70-150 slpm for purging for 30-50 s.
The embodiments of the invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description, and are not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the invention in the form disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, and to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the invention for various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.
Claims (9)
1. A fuel cell stack activation method, comprising the steps of:
s1, mounting a fuel cell stack on a stack test bench;
S2, introducing dry nitrogen into the anode of the fuel cell stack at a first introducing speed, introducing dry nitrogen into the cathode of the fuel cell stack at a second introducing speed, synchronously adjusting the anode pressure and the cathode pressure to a first pressure value, and stopping introducing dry nitrogen at the anode and the cathode after the anode and the cathode are purged by the dry nitrogen;
S3, introducing wet nitrogen into the anode of the fuel cell stack at a third inlet speed, introducing wet nitrogen into the cathode of the fuel cell stack at a fourth inlet speed, synchronously adjusting the anode pressure and the cathode pressure to a second pressure value, and stopping introducing wet nitrogen at the anode and the cathode after the wet nitrogen purges the anode and the cathode;
S4, a cooling water pump and a circulating water pump are turned on, the water flow of the circulating water pump is set to be a first water flow, hydrogen is introduced into an anode through a constant pressure-hydrogen reflux pump mode, air is introduced into a cathode through a metering ratio mode, the anode stacking pressure and the cathode stacking pressure are both set to be a first stacking pressure, the water temperature of the circulating water pump is heated to be a first water temperature, the hydrogen stacking humidity is set to be consistent with the hydrogen stacking humidity of the highest point of a polarization curve, the air stacking humidity is set to be consistent with the air stacking humidity of the highest point of the polarization curve, and heat tracing bands at air inlets of the anode and the cathode are set to be a first temperature;
S5, activating the fuel cell stack, wherein the cathode metering ratio is the metering ratio corresponding to each current density under the testing condition of the polarization curve of the fuel cell stack, pulling and loading the fuel cell stack by adopting a constant current mode, and after the fuel cell stack is operated for 1-3 min by adopting the cathode gas quantity corresponding to the next current density and the rotating speed of an anode reflux pump just before pulling and loading the next current density, adjusting the circulating water flow, the anode pressure and the cathode pressure to the circulating water flow, the anode pressure and the cathode pressure corresponding to the next current density until the fuel cell stack is pulled and loaded to the highest current density corresponding to the polarization curve;
S6, reducing the metering ratio of the cathode, wherein the reducing step length is a first reducing step length, and the first operation time length is reduced after the steps are reduced, and then the normal cathode metering ratio is restored, wherein the operation time length of each step is a second operation time length;
s7, increasing the metering ratio of the cathode, wherein the increasing step length is a first increasing step length, and operating for a third operation time length after a plurality of steps are increased, and then recovering to the normal cathode metering ratio, wherein the operation time length of each step is a fourth operation time length;
S8, repeating the step S6 and the step S7 for 1-3 times, and completing activation of the fuel cell stack;
S9, carrying out load reduction on the current density of the fuel cell stack, stopping introducing hydrogen and air and closing the cooling water pump and the circulating water pump after carrying out load reduction on the current density of the fuel cell stack to be 0;
s10, introducing nitrogen into the hydrogen cavity and the air cavity of the fuel cell stack for purging.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the first introducing speed is 50-100 splm, the second introducing speed is 70-150 slpm, the first pressure is 0.5-1.0 bar, and the anode and the cathode are purged with dry nitrogen for 3-5 min. .
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the third inlet speed is 50-100 splm, the fourth inlet speed is 70-150 slpm, the second pressure value is 0.5-1.0 bar, the relative humidity of the wet nitrogen is 95%, and the wet nitrogen purges the anode and the cathode for 3-5 min.
4. A fuel cell stack activation method according to claim 3, wherein in step S4, the first water flow rate is 20 to 80L/min, the first stack inlet pressure is 0.4 to 0.6bar, the first water temperature is 60 to 80 ℃, and the first temperature is 60 to 80 ℃.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S6, the first step-down length is 0.1-0.3, the step-down number is 1-3, the first operation duration is 2-5 min, and the second operation duration is 1-3 min.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein in the step S6, the first step-down step is 0.2.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S7, the first increasing step is 0.1 to 0.3, the number of increasing steps is 1 to 3, the third operation duration is 2 to 5min, and the fourth operation duration is 1 to 3min.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S7, the first increasing step is 0.2.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S10, after purging the hydrogen chamber and the air chamber of the fuel cell stack with wet nitrogen gas at 70 to 150slpm for 150 to 300 seconds, purging the hydrogen chamber and the air chamber of the fuel cell stack with dry nitrogen gas at 70 to 150slpm for 30 to 50 seconds.
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