CN118169130A - Device for detecting cracks on conical surface of traction center pin of vehicle body - Google Patents

Abstract

The application relates to a device for detecting cracks on a conical surface of a vehicle body traction center pin, which comprises a rotating platform, a first guide rail module, a second guide rail module and a mounting platform, wherein the device can automatically realize flexible adjustment of the position and the angle of a crack detection part, ensure that equipment can accurately identify suspected cracks at different positions, greatly reduce the intensity and the complexity of manual operation, and simultaneously remarkably improve the automation rate of a maintenance production line. The guide rail module and the rotary adjusting table are combined for use, so that the movement track and the direction of the visual detection component can be accurately controlled, the guide rail module is suitable for coping with complex characteristics of conical surface structures of different traction center pins, can be adapted to traction center pins of various types and structures, reduces production cost and improves maintenance efficiency. The processing system realizes automatic identification and detection of cracks, the operation process is simple and visual, the difficulty and cost of equipment maintenance are reduced, and the stability and reliability of the system are strictly tested, so that the accuracy of detection results is ensured.

Description

Device for detecting cracks on conical surface of traction center pin of vehicle body

[ Field of technology ]

The application belongs to the technical field of machine vision detection, and particularly relates to a device for detecting cracks on a conical surface of a vehicle body traction center pin.

[ Background Art ]

Currently, in operation and maintenance of urban rail transit, state detection of a vehicle body traction center pin is of great importance. The traction center pin is taken as a key component of train operation, and the quality and the safety of the traction center pin are directly related to the stable operation of a rail transit system and the safety of passengers. In the process of the maintenance and overhaul of the traction center pin, the traditional detection mode mainly depends on manual visual inspection. This approach, while intuitive, is limited by the human visual ability and experience level, can be difficult to accurately identify for microscopic flaws or defects.

Once a suspected crack is found in the manual visual inspection, the detailed analysis and the study are further performed by adopting a flaw detection technology, and the probability of occurrence of a flaw on the surface of the traction center pin is relatively low due to the complex design and long service life of the traction center pin, so that it is more difficult to find a small number of individuals with problems in a large number of traction center pins. In the process of manual batch visual inspection, extremely high demands are made on qualification and defect judgment experience of inspectors, not only are the inspectors required to have rich expertise and practical experience, but also they are required to be able to maintain high attention and stability in long-time work. However, in actual operation, due to large workload and long working time, the inspector is easy to fatigue, so that the detection efficiency and accuracy are reduced, and potential safety hazard is increased.

Therefore, to solve these problems, developing an efficient and accurate machine vision inspection system to replace the traditional manual visual inspection has become a research hotspot in the current rail transit vehicle maintenance field. It is necessary to be able to implement automatic detection and identification of cracks on the surface of the traction center pin by using advanced image processing techniques and artificial intelligence algorithms, thereby improving detection efficiency, reducing labor costs, and enhancing stability and reliability of detection.

[ Invention ]

The application aims to provide a crack detection device for a conical surface of a traction center pin of a vehicle body, which automatically identifies the surface quality of the conical surface of the center pin through a graphic processing technology, reduces the labor cost and improves the maintenance efficiency of the surface quality of the traction center pin.

The application relates to a device for detecting cracks on a conical surface of a vehicle body traction center pin, which comprises a rotating platform, a first guide rail module, a second guide rail module, a mounting platform and a crack detection component;

The rotary platform is provided with a mounting surface and can rotate by taking an axis vertical to the mounting surface as a rotary shaft;

The first guide rail module is arranged on the mounting surface and comprises a first guide rail and a first sliding block which moves on the first guide rail in a straight line along a first direction;

The second guide rail module is connected to the first slide block and comprises a second guide rail and a second slide block which moves linearly along a second direction on the second guide rail;

The mounting platform is connected to the second sliding block;

a crack detection component is connected to the mounting platform for detecting whether the traction center pin has a crack;

wherein the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction.

In one embodiment, the traction center pin further comprises a traction center pin bearing part, wherein the traction center pin is placed on the bearing part, and the bearing part can fix the traction center pin, and the center shaft of the traction center pin is overlapped with the rotating shaft.

In one embodiment, the device further comprises a centering structure, wherein the centering structure is arranged at the position of the rotating shaft.

In one embodiment, the first direction is perpendicular to and intersects the axis of rotation.

In one embodiment, a first rotation adjusting table is further included between the second rail module and the first slider, and the first rotation aligning table adjusts the second rail module in a rotation manner.

In one embodiment, a second rotation adjustment table is further included between the mounting platform and the second slider, and the second rotation adjustment table adjusts the mounting platform in a rotation manner.

In one embodiment, the rotating angle range of the rotating platform is-360 degrees to +360 degrees, the rotating positioning precision of the platform is less than or equal to 0.01mm, and the repeated positioning precision is less than or equal to 0.1mm, the precision and the positioning precision;

The positioning precision of the guide rail module is less than or equal to 0.01mm, and the repeated positioning precision is less than or equal to 0.1mm.

In one embodiment, the mounting platform includes a plurality of mounting holes for mounting crack detection components of different types or sizes, respectively.

In one embodiment, the crack detection component is a camera, and the surface quality determination is performed by capturing an image with the camera.

In one embodiment, the system further comprises a processing system, wherein the processing system is connected with each component and is used for automatically adjusting the position and judging the quality.

Compared with the prior art, the application has the following beneficial effects: the positions and angles of the crack detection components are automatically adjusted through the rotary platform, the first guide rail module, the second guide rail module and the mounting platform, suspected cracks at different positions are identified, the manual operation intensity is reduced, and the automatic rate of the overhaul production line is improved; in addition, the movement and the orientation of the visual detection component can be accurately controlled through the guide rail module and the rotary adjusting table, the conical surface structural characteristics of different traction center pins are met, the traction center pins with different types and structures are adapted, the cost is reduced, and meanwhile, the surface quality maintenance efficiency of the traction center pins is improved; the application automatically identifies and detects the device through the processing system, the operation of the device is simple and convenient, no too many electronic measuring devices are needed, and the use process is stable and reliable and the accuracy is high.

[ Description of the drawings ]

FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of a device for detecting a crack in a tapered surface of a kingpin for a vehicle body according to an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 2 is a schematic plan view of a device for detecting a crack in a tapered surface of a kingpin for a vehicle body according to an embodiment of the present application.

Reference numerals illustrate: 100. rotating the platform; 200. a first guide rail module; 210. a first slider; 300. a second guide rail module; 310. a second slider; 400. a first rotary adjustment stage; 500. a mounting platform; 600. a bearing part.

[ Detailed description ] of the invention

In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the application will be readily understood, a more particular description of the application will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the application. It should be further noted that, for convenience of description, only some, but not all of the structures related to the present application are shown in the drawings. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.

The terms "comprising" and "having" and any variations thereof herein are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not limited to only those listed steps or elements but may include other steps or elements not listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

Reference herein to "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the application. The appearances of such phrases in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. Those of skill in the art will explicitly and implicitly appreciate that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

The traction center pin is used as a core component of train operation, and carries the traction and stabilization effects in the running process of the train, and the quality and the safety of the traction center pin are important. However, due to the complex structure of some of the towing center pins, conventional manual visual inspection methods are time-consuming, require extremely high technical and empirical requirements for service personnel, and have large subjectivity and errors, and lack necessary process stability. Through deep simulation analysis and abundant field experience accumulation, the surface cracks of the traction center pin are mainly concentrated in the conical surface and the lower end surface area, and if the cracks are not found and treated in time, the cracks form serious threat to the safe running of the train.

In order to meet the requirements of automation, stability and reliability in the traction center pin detection process, the application provides a traction center pin conical surface crack detection device, which can accurately identify suspected cracks at different positions in order to automatically realize the position and angle adjustment of crack detection components. Meanwhile, due to the synergistic effect of the guide rail module and the rotary adjusting table, the visual detection component can flexibly adjust structural parameters of the device according to the shape and the size of the conical surface of different traction center pins so as to adapt to various complex structural characteristics. In order to achieve the above object, the present application mainly includes a rotating platform 100, a rail module and a mounting platform 500, and the specific structure is described in detail below.

Referring to fig. 1 to 2, a crack detection device for a conical surface of a vehicle body traction center pin according to a preferred embodiment of the present application includes a rotating platform 100, a first rail module 200, a second rail module 300, a mounting platform 500, and a crack detection member;

The rotary platform 100 has a mounting surface and is rotatable about an axis perpendicular to the mounting surface; for providing rotational movement and support of the device along the axis of the traction center pin; the rotary platform 100 is used as a basic support of the device, has a mounting surface, and can rotate by taking an axis vertical to the mounting surface as a rotary shaft, so that the whole detection device can perform rotary motion along the axis of the traction center pin, thereby realizing comprehensive detection of different angles of the traction center pin, not only providing necessary supporting function, but also improving the detection flexibility and coverage range through the rotary function.

The first rail module 200 is disposed on the mounting surface, and includes a first rail and a first slider 210 that moves on the first rail in a first direction; and providing linear motion, and adjusting the distance between the camera and the conical surface of the traction center pin. The first slider 210 can perform linear movement along the first direction on the first guide rail, so that the crack detection component can perform linear movement in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the traction center pin according to actual needs, thereby adjusting the distance between the camera and the conical surface of the traction center pin and ensuring detection precision and stability.

The second rail module 300 is connected to the first slider 210, and includes a second rail and a second slider 310 linearly moving along a second direction on the second rail; the second slider 310 can perform linear movement along the second direction on the second guide rail, and the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction, so that the crack detection component can be further adjusted in the horizontal direction to adapt to different positions and angles of the tapered surface of the traction center pin, and through the cooperation of the first guide rail module 200 and the second guide rail module 300, the crack detection component can realize accurate positioning and movement in the three-dimensional space.

The mounting platform 500 is connected to the second slider 310; the mounting platform 500 is coupled to the second slider 310 to provide a stable mounting base for the crack detection component.

A crack detection member is connected to the mounting platform 500 for detecting whether the traction center pin has a crack; the crack detection part is used as a core part of the device and is connected to the mounting platform 500, an advanced visual detection technology can be adopted, whether cracks exist on the surface of the traction center pin can be automatically identified and detected, and through the cooperation of the high-definition camera and the image processing system, the crack detection part can capture the subtle changes of the surface of the traction center pin, so that whether the cracks exist or not can be judged, the result is fed back to an operator in real time, the manual operation intensity is reduced, and the automation rate of the overhaul production line is improved.

The first direction is perpendicular to the second direction, the perpendicular mode is the most convenient combination for directly constructing a three-dimensional system, a three-dimensional flexible motion system is constructed for the detection device, complex angle conversion and unnecessary structural redundancy are avoided, and the detection device is more compact and efficient in structure. Meanwhile, due to perpendicularity of the first direction and the second direction, the crack detection component can move and position freely in the horizontal plane and the vertical plane, so that full coverage and accurate detection of the conical surface of the traction center pin are realized.

Specifically, a traction center pin bearing part 600 is further included, the traction center pin is placed on the bearing part 600, and the bearing part 600 can fix the traction center pin such that a center axis of the traction center pin overlaps with the rotation axis. The introduction of the traction center pin bearing part 600 provides a stable placement platform for the traction center pin, ensures the stability of the traction center pin in the detection process, firmly fixes the traction center pin through a firm structure and an accurate positioning mechanism of the bearing part 600, prevents the traction center pin from moving or shaking in the detection process, and ensures that the central shaft of the traction center pin and the rotating shaft are completely overlapped.

When the rotary table 100 starts to rotate, since the central axis of the traction center pin overlaps the rotation axis, the traction center pin does not rotate along with the rotary table 100, and the crack detection member on the rotary table 100 can rotate along with the rotary table 100, thereby realizing comprehensive detection of the conical surface of the traction center pin. The design of the carrier 600 also allows for the applicability of traction center pins of different gauges and sizes. By adjusting the structure of the carrying part 600 or configuring different clamps, the device can adapt to traction center pins of different types, thereby expanding the application range of the device.

Specifically, the device also comprises a centering structure, wherein the centering structure is arranged at the position of the rotating shaft. The automatic alignment can be realized by adopting the mechanical device for alignment and combining a servo system and the like, so that the full automation of the whole equipment can be realized, the introduction of the alignment structure can be realized, the whole detection device can realize full automation, the manual intervention is not needed from the placement and alignment of the traction center pin to the detection process, the manual operation intensity is greatly reduced, and the automation rate of the overhaul production line is improved.

Specifically, the first direction is perpendicular to the rotation axis and intersects the rotation axis. The first direction is perpendicular to the rotation axis, so that the first rail module 200 can perform a linear motion in a direction perpendicular to the rotation axis. The layout mode enables the crack detection component to be accurately adjusted along the radial direction of the traction center pin, so that comprehensive detection of cracks at different positions and angles is realized. In practical application, the shape and size of the conical surface of the traction center pin may be different according to different models and specifications, and the first direction is perpendicular to the rotation axis and intersects with the rotation axis in a layout manner, so that the crack detection component can easily cope with the changes, and the position and angle of the crack detection component can be adjusted according to practical needs to adapt to the detection requirements of different traction center pins

Specifically, a first rotation adjustment table 400 is further included between the second rail module 300 and the first slider 210, and the first rotation adjustment table adjusts the second rail module 300 in a rotation manner. The first rotation adjusting table 400 is installed on the first slider 210 and is closely connected thereto, and through the rotation function of the rotation adjusting table, the direction and angle of the second rail module 300 can be easily adjusted, simplifying the alignment process, and improving the accuracy of the alignment, so that the crack detecting member can be more accurately directed to different positions and angles of the traction center pin. In practical application, due to the complexity of the traction center pin conical surface, it is sometimes necessary to perform multi-angle and multi-directional detection on the crack detection component, and the introduction of the first rotation adjustment table 400 facilitates such multi-angle detection, and the rapid alignment of the second rail module 300 and the crack detection component can be achieved only by a simple rotation operation.

Specifically, a second rotation adjustment table is further included between the mounting platform 500 and the second slider 310, and the second rotation adjustment table adjusts the mounting platform 500 in a rotation manner. The device can finally realize that a visual detection system and a control system automatically position and acquire images and judge whether cracks exist or not on the basis of a four-degree-of-freedom mechanism through the four-degree-of-freedom mechanism by combining a rotary adjusting table. The second rotary adjustment table is mounted on the second slider 310 and is connected with the mounting platform 500, allowing the mounting platform 500 to perform rotary adjustment in a vertical plane, thereby realizing another angle control of the crack detection component, combining the two rotary adjustment tables, the traction center pin conical surface crack detection device realizes four-degree-of-freedom mechanism operation, and performs precise adjustment in four degrees of freedom, including horizontal movement, vertical movement and two rotary directions, and such flexibility enables the device to adapt to traction center pins of different shapes and sizes, thereby realizing different adjustment strategies for different conical surfaces.

Specifically, the rotation angle of the rotary platform 100 ranges from-360 degrees to +360 degrees, the rotary positioning precision of the platform is less than or equal to 0.01mm, and the repeated positioning precision is less than or equal to 0.1mm, the precision and the positioning precision; the positioning precision of the guide rail module is less than or equal to 0.01mm, and the repeated positioning precision is less than or equal to 0.1mm. The rotation angle of the rotation platform 100 reaches-360 ° to +360°, which means that complete circumferential rotation can be performed, thereby realizing omnibearing detection of the traction center pin conical surface, no matter which part of the center pin, the rotation platform 100 can ensure that the crack detection component accurately arrives, and no dead angle detection is performed. The positioning precision and the repeated positioning precision are carefully optimized, when the platform rotates to a specified position, the error range of the platform is extremely small, the crack detection part can be ensured to be accurately aligned to the detection point, the repeated positioning precision is less than or equal to 0.1mm, the platform can be ensured to stably return to the same position each time in the process of multiple rotations, and the repeated positioning precision is very important for a scene needing repeated detection.

Specifically, the mounting platform 500 includes a plurality of mounting holes for mounting crack detection components of different types or sizes, respectively. Each mounting hole site on the mounting platform 500 is carefully designed and laid out to ensure that the crack detection component can be stably and accurately mounted at a specified position, the position and the size of the hole site are strictly calculated to adapt to the mounting requirements of different crack detection components, and meanwhile, the mounting platform 500 is manufactured by adopting a high-strength material, has excellent bearing capacity and stability, and can ensure the safety and reliability of the crack detection component in the mounting and using processes. Through the design of a plurality of mounting hole sites, traction center pin conical surface crack detection device has realized the compatibility to different grade type and size crack detection part for the crack detection part can be changed in a flexible way according to different detection task demands to the device, thereby improves detection efficiency and accuracy. Meanwhile, the design also reduces the maintenance cost of the device, and the same device can be suitable for various crack detection components without purchasing a plurality of special detection devices.

Specifically, the crack detection component is a camera, and the surface quality judgment is performed by shooting an image through the camera. The camera is used as high-precision and high-speed image acquisition equipment, can capture fine cracks and defects of the conical surface of the traction center pin, the images shot by the camera can be transmitted to the control system in real time for processing and analysis, and the control system utilizes an advanced image processing algorithm to automatically identify and judge the images, so that the defects such as cracks and the like are accurately detected. In addition, the crack detection component can be selected as an ultrasonic flaw detector, and the ultrasonic flaw detector is arranged at a proper position on the mounting platform 500 so as to cover the detection area of the conical surface of the traction center pin completely, so that the ultrasonic wave can propagate smoothly and receive effective reflected signals, proper ultrasonic frequency is selected, the scanning speed of the probe is adjusted, proper detection sensitivity is set, and micro cracks which are difficult to detect by naked eyes can be detected through the ultrasonic flaw detector, so that the sensitivity and accuracy of detection are further improved.

Still further, still set up camera and ultrasonic flaw detector simultaneously and regard as crack detection part, camera and ultrasonic flaw detector install the suitable position on mounting platform 500 respectively, in practical application, can be according to specific detection demand, use camera or ultrasonic flaw detector in a flexible way, perhaps use both to carry out crack detection simultaneously, for example, for the comparatively flat, comparatively obvious area of crack in surface, can use the camera to shoot, and through image processing algorithm automatic identification crack, for the comparatively complicated, comparatively hidden area of crack in surface, can use ultrasonic flaw detector to carry out the degree of depth detection, discovery difficult to detect the tiny crack. Because the detection principle and the method of the two are different, different or complementary detection results possibly exist, and a more comprehensive and accurate crack detection report can be formed by combining the detection results of the two.

Specifically, the system also comprises a processing system, wherein the processing system is connected with each component and automatically adjusts the position and judges the quality. The processing system can accurately control the mounting platform 500, the rotation adjusting table, the guide rail module and the crack detection components through control algorithm and logic judgment, automatically adjust the positions and the postures of the components according to a preset detection program, ensure that the crack detection components can accurately reach the designated positions, and comprehensively and carefully detect the conical surface of the traction center pin. In the detection process, the processing system can receive and analyze the image shot by the camera and the signal detected by the ultrasonic flaw detector in real time, automatically identify the crack characteristics in the image by utilizing an image processing and analyzing algorithm, and judge the size, the position and the shape of the crack. In addition, the processing system can also have intelligent learning and optimizing capabilities, can continuously optimize detection parameters and algorithms according to historical detection data and operation experience, improves detection accuracy and reliability, and can automatically record and analyze the detection result each time so as to provide data support for subsequent maintenance and replacement work.

According to the technical scheme, the position and the angle of the crack detection part can be flexibly adjusted automatically through the synergistic effect of the rotating platform, the first guide rail module, the second guide rail module and the mounting platform, the equipment can accurately identify suspected cracks at different positions through automatic adjustment, the intensity and the complexity of manual operation are greatly reduced, and meanwhile, the automation rate of a maintenance production line is remarkably improved. The guide rail module and the rotary adjusting table are combined for use, so that the movement track and the direction of the visual detection component can be accurately controlled, the characteristic is particularly suitable for coping with complex characteristics of conical surface structures of different traction center pins, and the traction center pins of various types and structures can be easily adapted, so that the production cost is reduced, and the maintenance efficiency of the surface quality of the traction center pin is remarkably improved. It is worth mentioning that the application realizes automatic identification and detection of cracks through advanced processing system, the operation process is simple and visual, no need of configuring a large number of electronic measuring devices, the difficulty and cost of equipment maintenance are greatly reduced, the stability and reliability of the system are strictly tested, the accuracy of the detection result is ensured, and powerful technical support is provided for quality monitoring of the traction center pin.

The foregoing is merely one specific embodiment of the application, and any modifications made in light of the above teachings are intended to fall within the scope of the application.

Claims (10)

1. The device for detecting the crack of the conical surface of the traction center pin of the vehicle body is characterized by comprising a rotating platform (100), a first guide rail module (200), a second guide rail module (300), a mounting platform (500) and a crack detection component;

the rotary platform (100) has a mounting surface and is rotatable about an axis perpendicular to the mounting surface;

The first guide rail module (200) is arranged on the mounting surface and comprises a first guide rail and a first sliding block (210) which moves on the first guide rail in a straight line along a first direction;

The second guide rail module (300) is connected to the first slider (210) and comprises a second guide rail and a second slider (310) which moves linearly along a second direction on the second guide rail;

-the mounting platform (500) is connected to the second slider (310);

the crack detection component is connected to the mounting platform (500) for detecting whether the traction center pin has a crack;

wherein the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction.

2. The vehicle body traction center pin cone crack detection device according to claim 1, further comprising a traction center pin bearing portion (600), the traction center pin being placed on the bearing portion (600), the bearing portion (600) being capable of fixing the traction center pin such that a center axis of the traction center pin overlaps the rotation axis.

3. The apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising a centering structure provided at a position of the rotation shaft.

4. The vehicle body traction center pin cone crack detection device according to claim 1, wherein the first direction is perpendicular to the rotation axis and intersects the rotation axis.

5. The device for detecting the crack of the conical surface of the vehicle body traction center pin according to claim 1, wherein a first rotation adjusting table (400) is further included between the second guide rail module (300) and the first slider (210), and the first rotation adjusting table adjusts the second guide rail module (300) in a rotation manner.

6. The device for detecting the crack of the conical surface of the vehicle body traction center pin according to claim 1, wherein a second rotation adjustment table is further included between the mounting platform (500) and the second slider (310), and the second rotation adjustment table adjusts the mounting platform (500) in a rotation manner.

7. The device for detecting the conical surface crack of the vehicle body traction center pin according to claim 1, wherein the rotation angle of the rotary platform (100) ranges from-360 degrees to +360 degrees, the platform rotation positioning precision is less than or equal to 0.01mm, the repeated positioning precision is less than or equal to 0.1mm, the precision and the positioning precision;

The positioning precision of the guide rail module is less than or equal to 0.01mm, and the repeated positioning precision is less than or equal to 0.1mm.

8. The vehicle body traction center pin cone crack detection device according to claim 1, wherein the mounting platform (500) includes a plurality of mounting holes for mounting the crack detection members of different types or sizes, respectively.

9. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the crack detecting means is a camera, and the surface quality is determined by capturing an image with the camera.

10. The device for detecting the crack of the conical surface of the traction center pin of the vehicle body according to claim 9, further comprising a processing system, wherein the processing system is connected with each component, and the position adjustment and the quality judgment are automatically carried out.