CN118166313A - 一种耐磨无机不沾涂层的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种耐磨无机不沾涂层的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提出了一种耐磨无机不沾涂层的制备方法,利用液相镀膜法制得网状开裂模板图形,并利用真空镀膜技术在其表面制备无机厚膜;本发明以网状开裂模板图形作掩膜板,使开裂涂层的缝隙中存有与基片连接的无机厚膜,得到基片‑开裂涂层‑无机厚膜三层结构的镀层;再经液相溶液法或高温气化法去除镀层中具有自开裂性质的涂层以及开裂涂层表面的无机厚膜,此时基片上凸起的硬质网状结构即为本发明制得的耐磨无机不沾涂层;本发明制得的耐磨无机不沾涂层具有良好的疏水性且不含任何有机成分,同时不沾涂层的网状结构增加了不沾涂层的硬度和耐磨性,有利于长期使用;本发明的制备成本低廉,易实现大规模工业化生产,具有广阔的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于疏水材料技术领域,具体涉及一种耐磨无机不沾涂层的制备方法。
背景技术
近年来,随着生活质量要求的不断提高以及环保和节能意识的不断增强,人们对具有自清洁功能的表面认可度越来越高;自清洁表面是指表面的污染物或灰尘在重力或雨水、风力等外力作用下能够自动脱落或被降解的一种表面,这种表面主要是通过疏水涂层来实现。将疏水材料应用于锅体后,“不粘锅”应运而生,给人们的生活带来了很大的方便;但随着生活水平的日益提高,人们对作为厨房用具的不粘锅提出了更高的性能要求,更加“安全、健康、节能、绿色、环保”的厨房用具备受消费者广泛关注。
目前普遍是在锅体表面喷涂一层疏水涂层来实现不沾功能,但这种疏水涂层多为有机物材料(如氟/硅材料、有机多聚物材料以及有机-无机杂化材料),这些材料中都包含着有机成分,在高温条件下易分解失效,还容易产生有害物质,威胁人类健康;此外,常规疏水涂层的硬度较低、不耐磨,容易脱落,且在多次使用后,也容易被锅铲或坚硬物划破和刮掉,导致其失去疏水性能;虽然目前可采用激光打孔的技术在金属表面制备上多孔结构,实现锅体的物理不沾,但这种方案制备工艺复杂、耗时、成本过高,不适合应用推广。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的问题,本发明提出一种耐磨无机不沾涂层的制备方法,目的在于利用自开裂模板技术和镀膜技术,制备出一种成本低廉且性能优良的耐磨无机不沾涂层,在不需要有机物修饰的情况下,通过耐磨无机不沾涂层的网状凸起结构实现涂层的疏水,解决现有疏水涂层硬度低、不耐磨、易脱落且在高温下易分解失效的问题。
本发明一种耐磨无机不沾涂层的制备方法具体包括以下步骤:
(1)利用液相镀膜法,在清洗后的基片表面制备厚度为0.5μm~100μm且具有自开裂性质的涂层,干燥后得到网孔直径为20μm~2000μm、网格线宽为2μm~100μm的网状开裂模板图形;
(2)利用真空镀膜技术在网状开裂模板图形表面制备厚度为0.3μm~50μm的无机厚膜,得到基片-开裂涂层-无机厚膜三层结构的镀层;
(3)采用液相溶液法或高温气化法去除镀层中具有自开裂性质的涂层,得到具有网状多孔结构的耐磨无机不沾涂层。
进一步地,基片原材料包括金属、陶瓷、玻璃,所述金属至少为不锈钢、铜、铝合金中的一种;
进一步地,所述具有自开裂性质的涂层为丙烯酸乳液、蛋清液、甲油胶中的一种;
进一步地,步骤(1)中所述液相镀膜法的温度条件为0℃~100℃,液相镀膜法选用旋涂、喷涂、棒涂、提拉中的一种;
进一步地,所述步骤(2)中真空镀膜技术为溅射镀膜、热蒸发镀膜、热喷涂镀膜、离子镀膜中的一种;
进一步地,步骤(2)中无机厚膜原材料包括金属、氮化物、氧化物,所述金属至少为铬、钛、钨、铝钛、铝硅钛合金中的一种,所述氮化物至少为TiN、AlTiN、AlTiSiN中的一种,所述氧化物至少为氧化铬、氧化硅、二氧化钛中的一种;
进一步地,所述真空镀膜设备的真空度低于5.0×10-2Pa,温度为0℃-100℃;
进一步地,步骤(3)中液相溶液法的去除过程为:将基片-开裂涂层-无机厚膜三层结构的镀层放入5℃~90℃的去胶液中,进行开裂涂层的去除,反应10s~1h,清洗后得到具有网状多孔结构的耐磨无机不沾涂层;
进一步地,步骤(3)中高温气化法的去除过程为:将基片-开裂涂层-无机厚膜三层结构的镀层放入加热台中进行高温退火,退火温度为250℃~600℃,退火时间为1min~60min,退火冷却后进行超声清洗,得到具有网状多孔结构的耐磨无机不沾涂层。
进一步地,所述网状多孔结构的网孔直径为20μm~2000μm、网线厚度为0.3μm~50μm。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果如下:
(1)本发明利用液相镀膜法制得网状开裂模板图形,并利用真空镀膜技术在其表面制备无机厚膜,本发明以网状开裂模板图形作掩膜板,使开裂涂层的缝隙中存有与基片连接的无机厚膜,得到基片-开裂涂层-无机厚膜三层结构的镀层;再经液相溶液法或高温气化法去除镀层中具有自开裂性质的涂层以及开裂涂层表面的无机厚膜,此时基片上凸起的硬质网状结构即为本发明制得的耐磨无机不沾涂层;本发明在不利用任何有机物修饰的情况下,通过耐磨无机不沾涂层的网状结构实现涂层良好的疏水性能,避免了因涂层受到高温而产生其他有害物质。
(2)本发明所述耐磨无机不沾涂层具有良好的耐磨性和耐高温性;不沾涂层的网状结构增加了不沾涂层的硬度(莫氏硬度为4-10)和耐磨性,有利于长期使用;本发明不沾涂层可以承受高温,在600℃下退火后仍可保持原有性能不变。
(3)本发明对无机厚膜的原材料没有限制,只要适合真空镀膜的材料皆可实现;且本发明的制备成本低廉,易实现大规模工业化生产,适用于不粘锅,具有广阔的应用前景。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1制得的耐磨无机不沾涂层的表面形貌图。
图2为本发明实施例1制得的耐磨无机不沾涂层的截面结构示意图。
图3为本发明实施例1制得的耐磨无机不沾涂层表面的疏水性测试图。
具体实施方式
为了更好地理解本发明的内容,下面将结合具体实施例和附图来进一步阐述本发明。以下实施例以本发明的技术为基础,给出了详细的实施方式和操作步骤,但本发明的保护范围不限于下述实施例。
本发明一种耐磨无机不沾涂层通过自开裂模板技术制备网状开裂模板图形,再利用真空镀膜技术在网状开裂模板图形的表面制备无机厚膜,所述网状开裂模板图形用作制备无机厚膜的掩膜板,在得到基片-开裂涂层-无机厚膜三层结构的镀层后,经液相溶液法或高温气化法去除镀层中具有自开裂性质的涂层,此时,开裂涂层表面的无机厚膜也随之去除,而开裂涂层缝隙中与基片连接的无机厚膜得到保存,形成凸起的硬质网状结构,通过获得这些突起的硬质网状结构可实现基片表面的物理性疏水。
本发明一种耐磨无机不沾涂层的具体制备方法如下:
1、将基片清洗干净后,在0℃~100℃的温度条件下,利用液相镀膜法在基片表面制备具有自开裂性质的涂层,涂层厚度为0.5μm~100μm,将具有自开裂性质的涂层在0℃~100℃下干燥1min以上,得到网状开裂模板图形(即开裂涂层),其中网孔直径为20μm~2000μm、网格线宽为2μm~100μm。由于涂层材料和基片材料的热膨胀系数不一致,在涂层材料固化干燥过程中,其内部应力积累,从而引起开裂;所述网状开裂模板图形的密度可以通过自开裂性质涂层的厚度进行控制,随着涂层厚度的增加,网状开裂模板图形的网孔直径越大,网格线宽越大。
所述基片原材料可以是不锈钢、铜、铝合金等金属,或者陶瓷、玻璃等物质,基片原材料可根据本发明耐磨无机不沾涂层的使用领域做出适应性选择,以满足实际应用;
所述液相镀膜法为旋涂、喷涂、棒涂或提拉镀膜;
所述具有自开裂性质的涂层为丙烯酸乳液、蛋清液、甲油胶中的一种,优选丙烯酸乳液。
2、利用真空镀膜技术在网状开裂模板图形表面制得无机厚膜,得到基片-开裂涂层-无机厚膜三层结构的镀层;所述无机厚膜的厚度为0.3μm~50μm,优选2μm~20μm;
所述真空镀膜技术为溅射镀膜、热蒸发镀膜、热喷涂镀膜、离子镀膜中的一种;真空镀膜设备的真空度低于5.0×10-2Pa,温度条件为0℃-100℃;
所述无机厚膜原材料包括铬、钛、钨、铝钛、铝硅钛合金等金属,或TiN、AlTiN、AlTiSiN等氮化物,或氧化铬、氧化硅、二氧化钛等氧化物。
3、采用液相溶液法或高温气化法将步骤2得到的镀层中具有自开裂性质的涂层以及开裂涂层表面的无机厚膜去除,得到具有网状多孔结构的耐磨无机不沾涂层;其中网孔的直径与自开裂涂层的直径一致,为20μm~2000μm,网线厚度为0.3μm~50μm,优选2μm~20μm;
采用液相溶液法的去除过程为:将基片-开裂涂层-无机厚膜三层结构的镀层放入5℃~90℃的去胶液中,反应10s~1h,去除具有自开裂性质的涂层和开裂涂层表面的无机厚膜,清洗后得到具有网状多孔结构的耐磨无机不沾涂层;
采用高温气化法的去除过程为:将基片-开裂涂层-无机厚膜三层结构的镀层放入加热台中进行高温退火,退火温度为250℃~600℃,退火时间为1min~60min,退火冷却后进行超声清洗,得到具有网状多孔结构的耐磨无机不沾涂层。
本发明最终制得的耐磨无机不沾涂层的莫氏硬度为4-10,所述涂层的具体硬度由所选镀膜材料决定。
下面以具体实施例来进一步理解本发明:
实施例1
(1)将不锈钢片材清洗干净后,利用旋涂技术在其表面旋涂一层厚度为6μm的丙烯酸乳液,在80℃干燥20min后,形成网状开裂的模版图形,其中网孔直径为50μm~80μm,网格线宽为5μm~8μm。
(2)将带有网状开裂模版图形的不锈钢片材放到制备台上,同时将金属铬靶材安装在磁控溅射设备的固定靶上,固定靶和衬底的距离为10cm;将磁控溅射设备内的真空度抽至1.0×10-2Pa,温度调至50℃,通入高纯(99.99%)的氩气,使设备内的压强为1.0Pa;在溅射功率为300W时,对金属铬靶材进行溅射,沉积后得到厚度为4μm的金属铬厚膜。
(3)将制得的不锈钢片-开裂涂层-金属铬厚膜三层结构的镀层放置到丙酮溶液中,超声10min以去除具有自开裂性质的涂层;反应过程中开裂涂层丙烯酸和丙烯酸表面的金属铬厚膜一起脱落,脱落后清洗,得到不锈钢片表面形成铬的网状结构(如图1-2所示),即本实施例制得的无机不沾涂层,所述网状结构的网孔直径为50μm~80μm,网线厚度为4μm;
经检测本实施例1所得到的耐磨无机不沾涂层的疏水角为121°(如图3所示),莫氏硬度为9;基于GB/T 32095.2-2015,在5000次耐磨性测试后,其疏水角仍在100°以上;在600℃下退火30min后,其疏水性能仍保持不变。
实施例2
(1)将铝合金片材清洗干净后,利用喷涂技术在其表面喷涂一层厚度为10μm的甲油胶,在80℃干燥20min后,形成网状开裂的模版图形,平均网孔直径为60μm~90μm,网格线宽为6μm~10μm。
(2)将带有网状开裂模版图形的铝合金片材放到制备台上,同时将金属钛靶材安装在磁控溅射设备的固定靶上,固定靶和衬底的距离为10cm;将磁控溅射设备内的真空度抽至1.0×10-2Pa,温度调至30℃,通入高纯(99.99%)的氩气,使设备内的压强为1.0Pa;在溅射功率为300W时,对金属钛靶材进行溅射,沉积后得到厚度为8μm的金属钛厚膜。
(3)将制得的铝合金片-开裂涂层-金属钛厚膜三层结构的镀层放在400℃的加热台上加热10min后,再放入酒精中超声以去除具有自开裂性质的涂层;反应过程中开裂涂层甲油胶和甲油胶表面的金属钛厚膜一起脱落,脱落后清洗,得到铝合金片表面形成钛的网状结构,即本实施例制得的无机不沾涂层,所述网状结构的网孔直径为60μm~90μm,网线厚度为8μm。
经检测本实施例2所得到的耐磨无机不沾涂层的疏水角为120°,莫氏硬度为7;基于GB/T 32095.2-2015,在5000次耐磨性测试后,其疏水角仍在100°以上;在500℃下退火30min后,其疏水性能仍保持不变。
实施例3
(1)将铜片材清洗干净后,利用提拉技术在其表面形成一层厚度为3μm的丙烯酸乳液,在80℃干燥20min后,形成网状开裂的模版图形,平均网孔直径为30μm~50μm,网格线宽为3μm~5μm。
(2)将带有网状开裂模版图形的铜片材放到制备台上,同时将金属铬靶材安装在磁控溅射设备的固定靶上,固定靶和衬底的距离为10cm;将磁控溅射设备内的真空度抽至1.0×10-2Pa,温度调至80℃,通入高纯(99.99%)的氩气和高纯氮气,氩气和氮气的流量比为3:2,压强调节为1.0Pa;在溅射功率为300W时,对金属铬靶材进行溅射,沉积后得到厚度为2μm的氮化铬厚膜。
(3)将制得的铜片-开裂涂层-氮化铬厚膜三层结构的镀层放在500℃的加热台上加热10min后,再放入酒精中超声以去除具有自开裂性质的涂层;反应过程中开裂涂层丙烯酸和丙烯酸表面的氮化铬厚膜一起脱落,脱落后清洗,得到铜片表面形成氮化铬的网状结构,即本实施例制得的无机不沾涂层,所述网状结构的网孔直径为30μm~50μm,网线厚度为2μm。
经检测本实施例3所得到的耐磨无机不沾涂层的疏水角为115°,莫氏硬度为9;基于GB/T 32095.2-2015,在5000次耐磨性测试后,其疏水角仍在105°以上;在600℃下退火30min后,其疏水性能仍保持不变。
实施例4
(1)将金属钛片清洗干净后,利用提拉技术在其表面形成一层厚度为5μm的丙烯酸乳液,在80℃干燥20min后,形成网状开裂的模版图形,平均网孔直径为45μm~70μm,网格线宽为5μm~8μm。
(2)将带有网状开裂模版图形的金属钛片放到制备台上,同时将二氧化硅靶材安装在磁控溅射设备的固定靶上,固定靶和衬底的距离为10cm;将磁控溅射设备内的真空度抽至1.0×10-2Pa,温度调至80℃,通入高纯(99.99%)的氩气,压强调节为1.0Pa;在溅射功率为300W时,对二氧化硅靶材进行溅射,沉积后得到厚度为3μm的二氧化硅厚膜。
(3)将制得的金属钛片-开裂涂层-二氧化硅厚膜三层结构的镀层放在500℃的加热台上加热10min后,再放入酒精中超声以去除具有自开裂性质的涂层;反应过程中开裂涂层丙烯酸和丙烯酸表面的二氧化硅厚膜一起脱落,脱落后清洗,得到金属钛片表面形成二氧化硅的网状结构,即本实施例制得的无机不沾涂层,所述网状结构的网孔直径为45μm~70μm,网线厚度为3μm。
经检测本实施例4所得到的耐磨无机不沾涂层的疏水角为105°,莫氏硬度为8~9;基于GB/T 32095.2-2015,在5000次耐磨性测试后,其疏水角仍在95°以上;在500℃下退火30min后,其疏水性能仍保持不变。
实施例5
(1)将不锈钢片材清洗干净后,利用旋涂技术在其表面旋涂一层厚度为6μm的丙烯酸乳液,在80℃干燥20min后,形成网状开裂的模版图形,平均网孔直径为50μm~70μm,网格线宽为5μm~8μm。
(2)将带有网状开裂模版图形的不锈钢片材放到制备台上,同时将金属钛靶材安装在磁控溅射设备的固定靶上,固定靶和衬底的距离为10cm;将磁控溅射设备内的真空度抽至1.0×10-2Pa,温度调至40℃,通入高纯(99.99%)的氩气和高纯氮气,氩气和氮气流量比为10:1,压强调节为1.0Pa;在溅射功率为300W时,对金属钛靶材进行溅射,沉积后得到厚度为5μm的氮化钛厚膜。
(3)将制得的不锈钢片-开裂涂层-氮化钛厚膜三层结构的镀层放到丙酮溶液中,超声10min以去除具有自开裂性质的涂层;反应过程中开裂涂层丙烯酸和丙烯酸表面的氮化钛厚膜一起脱落,脱落后清洗,得到不锈钢片表面形成氮化钛的网状结构,即本实施例制得的无机不沾涂层,所述网状结构的网孔直径为50μm~70μm,网线厚度为5μm。
经检测本实施例5所得到的耐磨无机不沾涂层的疏水角为115°,莫氏硬度为9.5;基于GB/T 32095.2-2015,在5000次耐磨性测试后,其疏水角仍在100°以上;在300℃下退火30min后,其疏水性能仍保持不变。
实施例6
(1)将不锈钢片材清洗干净后,利用棒涂技术在其表面棒涂一层厚度为100μm的丙烯酸乳液,在80℃干燥20min后,形成网状开裂的模版图形,其中网孔直径为1500μm~2000μm,网格线宽为70μm~100μm。
(2)将带有网状开裂模版图形的不锈钢片材放到制备台上,同时将金属铬靶材安装在磁控溅射设备的固定靶上,固定靶和衬底的距离为10cm;将磁控溅射设备内的真空度抽至1.0×10-2Pa,温度调至20℃,通入高纯(99.99%)的氩气,使设备内的压强为1.0Pa;在溅射功率为300W时,对金属铬靶材进行溅射,沉积后得到厚度为30μm的金属铬厚膜。
(3)将制得的不锈钢片-开裂涂层-金属铬厚膜三层结构的镀层放置到丙酮溶液中,超声10min以去除具有自开裂性质的涂层;反应过程中开裂涂层丙烯酸和丙烯酸表面的金属铬厚膜一起脱落,脱落后清洗,得到不锈钢片表面形成铬的网状结构,即本实施例制得的无机不沾涂层,所述网状结构的网孔直径为1500μm~2000μm,网线厚度为30μm;
经检测本实施例6所得到的耐磨无机不沾涂层的疏水角为106°,莫氏硬度为9;基于GB/T 32095.2-2015,在15000次耐磨性测试后,其疏水角仍在95°以上;在600℃下退火30min后,其疏水性能仍保持不变。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,本发明可以根据以上制备方法具有其它形式的实施例,不再一一列举。因此,任何熟悉本专业的技术人员,在不脱离本发明技术方案范围内,依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与修饰,均仍属于本发明技术方案的范围内。
Claims (10)
1.一种耐磨无机不沾涂层的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)利用液相镀膜法,在清洗后的基片表面制备厚度为0.5μm~100μm且具有自开裂性质的涂层,干燥后得到网孔直径为20μm~2000μm、网格线宽为2μm~100μm的网状开裂模板图形;
(2)利用真空镀膜技术在网状开裂模板图形表面制备厚度为0.3μm~50μm的无机厚膜,得到基片-开裂涂层-无机厚膜三层结构的镀层;
(3)采用液相溶液法或高温气化法去除镀层中具有自开裂性质的涂层,得到具有网状多孔结构的耐磨无机不沾涂层。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种耐磨无机不沾涂层的制备方法,其特征在于,基片原材料包括金属、陶瓷、玻璃,所述金属至少为不锈钢、铜、铝合金中的一种。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种耐磨无机不沾涂层的制备方法,其特征在于,所述具有自开裂性质的涂层为丙烯酸乳液、蛋清液、甲油胶中的一种。
4.如权利要求1和3任一所述的一种耐磨无机不沾涂层的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中所述液相镀膜法的温度条件为0℃~100℃,液相镀膜法选用旋涂、喷涂、棒涂、提拉中的一种。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种耐磨无机不沾涂层的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中真空镀膜技术为溅射镀膜、热蒸发镀膜、热喷涂镀膜、离子镀膜中的一种。
6.如权利要求1和5任一所述的一种耐磨无机不沾涂层的制备方法,其特征在于,所述真空镀膜设备的真空度低于5.0×10-2Pa,温度为0℃-100℃。
7.如权利要求1所述的一种耐磨无机不沾涂层的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中无机厚膜原材料包括金属、氮化物、氧化物,所述金属至少为铬、钛、钨、铝钛、铝硅钛合金中的一种,所述氮化物至少为TiN、AlTiN、AlTiSiN中的一种,所述氧化物至少为氧化铬、氧化硅、二氧化钛中的一种。
8.如权利要求1所述的一种耐磨无机不沾涂层的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中液相溶液法的去除过程为:将基片-开裂涂层-无机厚膜三层结构的镀层放入5℃~90℃的去胶液中,进行开裂涂层的去除,反应10s~1h,清洗后得到具有网状多孔结构的耐磨无机不沾涂层。
9.如权利要求1所述的一种耐磨无机不沾涂层的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中高温气化法的去除过程为:将基片-开裂涂层-无机厚膜三层结构的镀层放入加热台中进行高温退火,退火温度为250℃~600℃,退火时间为1min~60min,退火冷却后进行超声清洗,得到具有网状多孔结构的耐磨无机不沾涂层。
10.如权利要求1、8、9任一所述的一种耐磨无机不沾涂层的制备方法,其特征在于,所述网状多孔结构的网孔直径为20μm~2000μm、网线厚度为0.3μm~50μm。
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