CN118147543A - Eutectoid high-carbon chromium bearing steel and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Eutectoid high-carbon chromium bearing steel and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 105
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 105
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 16
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 51
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- FXNGWBDIVIGISM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylidynechromium Chemical group [Cr]#[C] FXNGWBDIVIGISM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910001563 bainite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009849 vacuum degassing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 27
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 14
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
- C21D1/19—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering by interrupted quenching
- C21D1/20—Isothermal quenching, e.g. bainitic hardening
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
- C21D1/32—Soft annealing, e.g. spheroidising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/002—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/26—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with niobium or tantalum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/001—Austenite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/002—Bainite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/004—Dispersions; Precipitations
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
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Abstract
The invention relates to eutectoid high-carbon chromium bearing steel and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the field of metal material component design and heat treatment. The eutectoid high-carbon chromium bearing steel prepared by the invention comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: c:0.60 to 1.05 percent, mn:0.25 to 2.0 percent, si:0.15 to 0.35 percent, cr:1.20 to 1.85 percent, nb: less than or equal to 0.1 percent, less than or equal to 1 percent of Mo, and less than or equal to 1 percent of Al: 0.5-4.5%, S is less than or equal to 0.02%, P is less than or equal to 0.02%, and the balance is Fe and unavoidable impurities. The preparation method of the eutectoid high-carbon chromium bearing steel provided by the invention comprises smelting, hot working and heat treatment processes, and is simple in process, and the eutectoid high-carbon chromium bearing steel still has high strength and high hardness at a higher tempering temperature and also has higher toughness.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of metal material component design and heat treatment, in particular to eutectoid component high-carbon chromium bearing steel and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Bearings are an important component in contemporary mechanical devices. Its main function is to support the mechanical rotator, reduce the friction coefficient in the course of its movement and ensure its rotation accuracy. The bearing is widely applied to the fields of metallurgy, wind power, mining machinery, aerospace, automobile parts and the like. As the matrix of the high-carbon chromium bearing steel is in a martensitic structure and has higher hardness and strength, the high-carbon chromium bearing steel is widely used for manufacturing common railway bearings with the speed per hour less than 200Km/h, in particular to axle box bearings for railways. However, since it is hypereutectoid steel, the net carbide existing after heat deformation and cooling is difficult to eliminate in the subsequent heat treatment process, so that coarse carbide is generated after heat treatment, the carbon content of solid solution in the matrix is reduced, and the strength of the bearing steel is adversely affected. In addition, for high carbon chromium bearing steel, coarse carbides existing at the original austenite grain boundaries easily cause crack initiation and propagation, greatly reducing the toughness of the bearing steel.
At present, the more effective process for controlling the netlike carbide mainly comprises normalizing treatment after thermal deformation and a controlled rolling and cooling process. If the network carbide in the microstructure of the high-carbon chromium bearing steel after thermal deformation is serious, the high-carbon chromium bearing steel can be directly heated to the normalizing temperature (900-930 ℃), and air-cooled or air-cooled to room temperature after heat preservation for a certain time. However, the normalizing treatment requires reheating, which increases the number of additional steps and consumes additional energy, resulting in an increase in production cost. In addition, the microstructure after normalizing treatment is generally larger in grain size due to the higher normalizing temperature, which is detrimental to the final toughness. Therefore, the normalizing treatment is only used to remedy the steel material with more serious net-like carbide after thermal deformation, and it does not belong to the necessary production flow of the bearing steel. The production of the netlike carbide is reduced in a mode of controlled rolling and controlled cooling in industry, but the rod and wire with smaller cross section size has obvious inhibition effect, and the bar with larger cross section size is generally serious due to smaller core cooling rate. In addition, the generation of the proeutectoid network carbide is reduced by reducing the carbon content, but the hardness and the wear resistance of the bearing steel are adversely affected, and the problem of the network carbide is difficult to fundamentally solve. In addition, with the increase of the running speed of high-speed railways in recent years, higher demands are also being placed on the strength, hardness and toughness of the bearing steel. Therefore, the mechanical property of the bearing steel is improved, the generation of the netlike carbide is inhibited, the service life of the bearing can be obviously prolonged, the application scene of the bearing steel is expanded, and the significance is great.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide eutectoid high-carbon chromium bearing steel and a preparation method thereof, which can completely inhibit the generation of netlike carbide, improve the strength and the hardness and improve the impact toughness.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the eutectoid high-carbon chromium bearing steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: c:0.60 to 1.05 percent, mn:0.25 to 2.0 percent, si:0.15 to 0.35 percent, cr:1.20 to 1.85 percent, nb: less than or equal to 0.1 percent, less than or equal to 1 percent of Mo, and less than or equal to 1 percent of Al: 0.5-4.5%, S is less than or equal to 0.02%, P is less than or equal to 0.02%, and the balance is Fe and unavoidable impurities.
Further, the hardness of the eutectoid high-carbon chromium bearing steel subjected to tempering treatment at 150-400 ℃ is more than or equal to 660 HV, the yield strength is more than or equal to 1700MPa, and the impact energy of an unoccupied sample is more than or equal to 40J.
Further, after tempering treatment, the eutectoid high-carbon chromium bearing steel has residual austenite content of 5-30%, carbide content of less than or equal to 5%, and the balance of tempered martensite, a composite structure of tempered martensite and bainite, and a bainitic structure.
The preparation method of the eutectoid high-carbon chromium bearing steel comprises the following specific steps of smelting, hot working and heat treatment processes:
(1) Smelting: vacuum induction smelting and vacuum degassing treatment, and die casting or continuous casting to form a billet after meeting the chemical component requirements;
(2) And (3) hot working: forging or hot rolling the smelted bearing steel billet,
(3) Spheroidizing annealing: spheroidizing annealing treatment is carried out after the hot processing is finished;
(4) Quenching or isothermal treatment: quenching to room temperature for obtaining a martensitic structure or quenching to bainite isothermal temperature for obtaining a bainitic structure after spheroidizing annealing;
(5) Tempering: tempering, air cooling to room temperature to obtain the eutectoid high-carbon chromium bearing steel.
Further, the forging treatment or hot rolling treatment temperature in the step (2) is 1100-1300 ℃, and the isothermal time is 1-5 h.
Further, in the annealing treatment in the step (3), the isothermal temperature is 700-820 ℃, and the isothermal time is 1-5 h.
Further, in the quenching process in the step (4), the temperature is raised to 800-950 ℃ at a speed of 50-200 ℃/h, the temperature is kept for 0.5-3 h, the quenching is performed to room temperature or the bainite isothermal temperature, the bainite isothermal temperature is 150-450 ℃, and the isothermal time is 1-240 h.
Further, after the quenching or isothermal treatment in the step (4), a low-temperature treatment is performed to improve the stability of the retained austenite.
Further, the heat preservation temperature of the low-temperature treatment is-196-20 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1-240 h.
Further, the tempering treatment in the step (5) is to heat up to 150-400 ℃ at the speed of 50-200 ℃/h, and the temperature is kept for 0.5-5 h.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
Based on the standard GCr15 bearing steel component, 0.5-4.5% of Al is added, and the C content is regulated to 0.60-1.05%, so that the eutectoid high-carbon chromium bearing steel is designed. In addition, 0.01 to 0.1% of Nb may be added to refine the grains. Al as an alloying element can increase the carbon content of eutectoid sites, increase the carbon content soluble in the matrix, and increase the hardness. The added Al element inhibits carbide precipitation in the tempering process, refines carbide particles, promotes the distribution of carbon element into the residual austenite, and increases the stability of the residual austenite. In addition, the addition of Al and Nb elements can form second-phase particles, and the pinning grain boundary refines grains, and simultaneously improves the strength and the toughness. The addition of 0.25-2% of Mn increases the hardenability of the bearing steel, and can also inhibit the production of proeutectoid carbide (network carbide) and improve the strength and hardness of the bearing steel.
The change of chemical components inevitably leads to the change of a preparation process, and the invention performs targeted optimization and regulation on the developed eutectoid component high-carbon chromium bearing steel preparation process so as to obtain the best performance, and obtain the bearing steel with high strength, high hardness, high toughness and long fatigue life.
The eutectoid high-carbon chromium bearing steel developed by the invention only needs to additionally add Al element and trace alloy element, and has low cost; meanwhile, the preparation process is simple, and the conventional production process of the high-carbon chromium bearing steel can be used for the components, so that the method has remarkable social and economic benefits.
The hardness of the eutectoid high-carbon chromium bearing steel prepared by the invention is more than or equal to 660 HV after tempering treatment at 150-400 ℃, the yield strength is more than or equal to 1700MPa, the impact energy of an unoccupied sample is more than or equal to 40J, and the eutectoid high-carbon chromium bearing steel still has high strength and high hardness at a higher tempering temperature and also has higher toughness.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a microstructure of a high carbon chromium bearing steel of eutectoid composition of example 1 after hot rolling and cooling at a cooling rate of 1 ℃/s;
FIG. 2 is a microstructure of the high carbon chromium bearing steel of the eutectoid of example 1 after spheroidizing annealing;
FIG. 3 is a microstructure of the high carbon chromium bearing steel of the eutectoid composition of example 1 after quenching and tempering treatment;
FIG. 4 is a microstructure of the high carbon chromium bearing steel subjected to the quenching treatment as eutectoid in example 2;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the hardness comparison of the eutectoid high carbon chromium bearing steel of example 1 with the GCr15 bearing steel at different tempering temperatures, E-GCr15 being the eutectoid high carbon chromium bearing steel;
FIG. 6 is a graph comparing impact toughness of a non-notched test sample of eutectoid high carbon chromium bearing steel of example 1 with that of GCr15 bearing steel at different tempering temperatures, E-GCr15 being the eutectoid high carbon chromium bearing steel;
FIG. 7 is a graph comparing the compressive yield strength of the eutectoid high carbon chromium bearing steel of example 1 with that of GCr15 bearing steel at different tempering temperatures, E-GCr15 being the eutectoid high carbon chromium bearing steel.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making any inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
In a specific implementation process, the invention provides eutectoid high-carbon chromium bearing steel and a preparation method thereof, wherein the eutectoid high-carbon chromium bearing steel comprises the following specific steps of:
(1) Smelting: vacuum induction smelting and vacuum degassing treatment, ensuring the purity of molten steel, finally meeting the chemical component requirements of high-carbon chromium bearing steel with eutectoid components, and die casting or continuous casting to form a bearing steel billet; compared with GCr15 bearing steel in national standards, the following changes are mainly made in chemical composition: the content of C is reduced from 1.05wt.% to 0.6-1.05 wt.%, 0.5-4.5 wt.% of Al is added, 0.25-2.0 wt wt.% of Mn is added, 0.01-0.1 wt.% of Nb is added, 0.01-1 wt.% of Mo is added, and other components are consistent with national standards;
(2) And (3) hot working: forging or hot rolling bearing steel billets meeting the component requirements, and controlling the temperature to 1100-1300 ℃;
(3) After the hot working is finished, spheroidizing annealing treatment is carried out, the isothermal temperature is 700-820 ℃, and the isothermal time is 1-5 hours;
(4) Quenching: after spheroidizing annealing, heating to 800-950 ℃ at a speed of 50-200 ℃/h, and preserving heat for 0.5-3 h, so as to obtain a martensitic structure for quenching to room temperature or obtain a bainitic structure for quenching to a bainitic isothermal temperature; the isothermal temperature of the bainite is 150-450 ℃, and the isothermal time is 1-240 h;
(5) And (3) low-temperature treatment: the low-temperature treatment and heat preservation temperature is-196-20 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1-240 h;
(6) Tempering: after quenching or low-temperature treatment, the temperature is raised to 150-400 ℃ at the speed of 50-200 ℃/h, the temperature is kept for 0.5-5 h, and the air cooling is carried out to the room temperature.
Example 1
In the embodiment, the eutectoid high-carbon chromium bearing steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: c:0.69%, mn:0.31%, si:0.20%, cr:1.48%, nb:0.03%, al:1.03%, mo:0.3%, S:0.001%, P:0.01%.
The preparation method of the eutectoid high-carbon chromium bearing steel comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Smelting high-carbon chromium bearing steel through vacuum induction smelting and vacuum degassing treatment, and casting into steel ingots after meeting the component requirements;
(2) Heating the obtained steel ingot to 1200 ℃ at a heating rate of 100 ℃/h, preserving heat for 3h, then forging or hot rolling, and cooling at a cooling rate of 1 ℃/s after hot rolling, wherein the microstructure is shown in figure 1;
(3) After forging, carrying out spheroidizing annealing treatment, heating the forging stock to 820 ℃, preserving heat for 3 hours, and then cooling to room temperature along with a furnace, wherein an annealed structure is shown in fig. 2;
(4) Quenching, namely heating the material to 860 ℃ at the speed of 150 ℃/h, preserving heat for 1h, and then quenching with oil to be cooled to room temperature;
(5) After quenching, carrying out low-temperature treatment at-65 ℃ and preserving heat for 1h;
(6) Tempering and heat preserving treatment, and air cooling to room temperature after the heat preserving time is over;
After being subjected to tempering and heat preservation for 2 hours at 150 ℃, the microstructure diagram after quenching and tempering treatment is shown in fig. 3, and the obtained bearing steel material has the following properties: hardness 823HV, impact energy of a non-notch sample of 48J, and compressive yield strength of 2700MPa;
after tempering and heat preserving for 2 hours at 200 ℃, the obtained bearing steel material has the following properties: hardness 809HV, no-notch sample impact power 75J, compression yield strength 2550MPa;
After being subjected to tempering and heat preservation for 2 hours at 300 ℃, the obtained bearing steel material has the following properties: hardness 739HV, impact energy 93J of non-notch sample, compression yield strength 2400MPa;
After tempering and heat preserving for 2 hours at 400 ℃, the obtained bearing steel material has the following properties: hardness 689HV, impact energy 96J of an unoccupied sample, and compression yield strength 2100MPa; see fig. 5-7.
Example 2
In the embodiment, the eutectoid high-carbon chromium bearing steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: c:0.75%, mn:2.0%, si:0.21%, cr:1.45%, nb:0.03, al:1.5%, mo:0.1%, S:0.001%, P:0.01%.
The preparation method of the eutectoid high-carbon chromium bearing steel comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Smelting high-carbon chromium bearing steel through vacuum induction smelting and vacuum degassing treatment, and casting into steel ingots after meeting the component requirements;
(2) Heating the obtained steel ingot to 1200 ℃ at a heating rate of 100 ℃/h, preserving heat for 3h, and then forging or hot rolling;
(3) After forging, carrying out spheroidizing annealing treatment, heating the forging stock to 710 ℃, preserving heat for 4 hours, and then cooling to room temperature along with a furnace;
(4) Quenching, namely heating the material to 880 ℃ at the speed of 150 ℃/h, preserving heat for 0.5h, quenching to 300 ℃, preserving heat for 3h, and then air-cooling to room temperature, wherein the structure is shown in figure 4;
(5) And tempering and preserving heat for 2 hours at 200 ℃, and air cooling to room temperature after the heat preservation time is over. After the treatment, the obtained bearing steel material has the following properties: hardness 660 HV, no-notch sample impact energy 110J, compression yield strength 1800MPa.
Example 3
In the embodiment, the eutectoid high-carbon chromium bearing steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: c:0.85%, mn:2.0%, si:0.21%, cr:1.45%, nb:0.03%, al:2.0%, mo:0.03%, S:0.001%, P:0.01%.
The preparation method of the eutectoid high-carbon chromium bearing steel comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Smelting high-carbon chromium bearing steel through vacuum induction smelting and vacuum degassing treatment, and casting into steel ingots after meeting the component requirements;
(2) Heating the obtained steel ingot to 1200 ℃ at a heating rate of 100 ℃/h, preserving heat for 3h, and then forging or hot rolling;
(3) After forging, carrying out spheroidizing annealing treatment, heating the forging stock to 750 ℃, preserving heat for 3 hours, and then cooling to room temperature along with a furnace;
(4) Quenching, namely heating the material to 900 ℃ at the speed of 150 ℃/h, preserving heat for 2h, and then quenching with oil to be cooled to room temperature;
(5) And tempering and preserving heat for 2 hours at 400 ℃, and air cooling to room temperature after the heat preservation time is over. After the treatment, the obtained bearing steel material has the following properties: hardness 681HV, no-notch sample impact power 91J, compression yield strength 2400MPa.
Example 4
In the embodiment, the eutectoid high-carbon chromium bearing steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: c:0.94%, mn:1.5%, si:0.21%, cr:1.35%, nb:0.03%, al:3.2%, mo:0.5%, S:0.001%, P:0.01%.
The preparation method of the eutectoid high-carbon chromium bearing steel comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Smelting high-carbon chromium bearing steel through vacuum induction smelting and vacuum degassing treatment, and casting into steel ingots after meeting the component requirements;
(2) Heating the obtained steel ingot to 1200 ℃ at a heating rate of 100 ℃/h, preserving heat for 3h, and then forging or hot rolling;
(3) After forging, carrying out spheroidizing annealing treatment, heating the forging stock to 710 ℃, preserving heat for 4 hours, and then cooling to room temperature along with a furnace;
(4) Quenching, namely heating the material to 890 ℃ at a speed of 100 ℃/h, preserving heat for 2h, and then quenching oil to room temperature;
(5) And tempering and preserving heat for 2 hours at 300 ℃, and air cooling to room temperature after the heat preservation time is over. After the treatment, the obtained bearing steel material has the following properties: hardness 713HV, impact power of the non-notch sample 95J, and compressive yield strength 2340MPa.
Example 5
In the embodiment, the eutectoid high-carbon chromium bearing steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: c:1.05%, mn:1.5%, si:0.21%, cr:1.35%, nb:0.03%, al:4.2%, mo:0.04%, S:0.001%, P:0.01%.
The preparation method of the eutectoid high-carbon chromium bearing steel comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Smelting high-carbon chromium bearing steel through vacuum induction smelting and vacuum degassing treatment, and casting into steel ingots after meeting the component requirements;
(2) Heating the obtained steel ingot to 1200 ℃ at a heating rate of 100 ℃/h, preserving heat for 3h, and then forging or hot rolling;
(3) After forging, carrying out spheroidizing annealing treatment, heating the forging stock to 710 ℃, preserving heat for 4 hours, and then cooling to room temperature along with a furnace;
(4) Quenching, namely heating the material to 890 ℃ at a speed of 100 ℃/h, preserving heat for 2h, and then quenching oil to room temperature;
(5) And tempering and preserving heat for 2 hours at 200 ℃, and air cooling to room temperature after the heat preservation time is over. After the treatment, the obtained bearing steel material has the following properties: hardness 756HV, no-notch sample impact energy 55J, compressive yield strength 2670MPa.
Claims (10)
1. The eutectoid high-carbon chromium bearing steel is characterized by comprising the following chemical components in percentage by weight: c:0.60 to 1.05 percent, mn:0.25 to 2.0 percent, si:0.15 to 0.35 percent, cr:1.20 to 1.85 percent, nb: less than or equal to 0.1 percent, less than or equal to 1 percent of Mo, and less than or equal to 1 percent of Al: 0.5-4.5%, S is less than or equal to 0.02%, P is less than or equal to 0.02%, and the balance is Fe and unavoidable impurities.
2. The eutectoid high-carbon chromium bearing steel according to claim 1, wherein the hardness of the eutectoid high-carbon chromium bearing steel after tempering at 150-400 ℃ is more than or equal to 660 HV, the yield strength is more than or equal to 1700MPa, and the impact energy of an unoccupied sample is more than or equal to 40J.
3. The eutectoid high-carbon chromium bearing steel according to claim 1, wherein the content of retained austenite after tempering treatment of the eutectoid high-carbon chromium bearing steel is 5-30%, the content of carbide is less than or equal to 5%, and the balance is one of tempered martensite, a composite structure of tempered martensite and bainite and a bainitic structure.
4. A method for preparing a eutectoid high-carbon chromium bearing steel according to any one of claims 1-3, which comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Smelting: vacuum induction smelting and vacuum degassing treatment, and die casting or continuous casting to form a billet after meeting the chemical component requirements;
(2) And (3) hot working: forging or hot rolling the smelted bearing steel billet,
(3) Spheroidizing annealing: spheroidizing annealing treatment is carried out after the hot processing is finished;
(4) Quenching or isothermal treatment: quenching to room temperature for obtaining a martensitic structure or quenching to bainite isothermal temperature for obtaining a bainitic structure after spheroidizing annealing;
(5) Tempering: tempering, air cooling to room temperature to obtain the eutectoid high-carbon chromium bearing steel.
5. The method for producing a high carbon chromium bearing steel according to claim 4 wherein the forging or hot rolling treatment in step (2) is carried out at 1100 to 1300 ℃ for an isothermal time of 1 to 5 hours.
6. The method for preparing the eutectoid high-carbon chromium bearing steel according to claim 4, wherein in the annealing treatment in the step (3), the isothermal temperature is 700-820 ℃, and the isothermal time is 1-5 h.
7. The method for preparing the eutectoid high-carbon chromium bearing steel according to claim 4, wherein in the quenching process in the step (4), the temperature is raised to 800-950 ℃ at a speed of 50-200 ℃/h, the temperature is kept for 0.5-3 h, the quenching is performed to room temperature or bainite isothermal temperature, the bainite isothermal temperature is 150-450 ℃, and the isothermal time is 1-240 h.
8. The method for producing a high carbon chromium bearing steel having eutectoid composition according to claim 4 wherein the low temperature treatment is performed for improving the retained austenite stability after the quenching or isothermal treatment in the step (4).
9. The method for preparing the eutectoid high-carbon chromium bearing steel according to claim 8, wherein the low-temperature treatment is carried out at a temperature of-196-20 ℃ for 1-240 h.
10. The method for preparing the eutectoid high-carbon chromium bearing steel according to claim 4, wherein the tempering treatment in the step (5) is to heat up to 150-400 ℃ at a speed of 50-200 ℃/h, and heat preservation is carried out for 0.5-5 h.
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| JPH0633190A (en) * | 1992-07-14 | 1994-02-08 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | Long-life bearing steel |
| CN103122433A (en) * | 2013-01-31 | 2013-05-29 | 西安交通大学 | Ultrahigh-carbon type bearing steel |
| JP2014040626A (en) * | 2012-08-21 | 2014-03-06 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Bearing steel excellent in rolling fatigue characteristics and method for manufacturing the same |
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| CN114645130A (en) * | 2020-12-19 | 2022-06-21 | 无锡飞云球业股份有限公司 | Heat treatment processing technology of long-life bearing steel ball |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0633190A (en) * | 1992-07-14 | 1994-02-08 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | Long-life bearing steel |
| JP2014040626A (en) * | 2012-08-21 | 2014-03-06 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Bearing steel excellent in rolling fatigue characteristics and method for manufacturing the same |
| CN103122433A (en) * | 2013-01-31 | 2013-05-29 | 西安交通大学 | Ultrahigh-carbon type bearing steel |
| CN108220807A (en) * | 2017-12-21 | 2018-06-29 | 钢铁研究总院 | A kind of low-density high alumina superelevation carbon bearing steel and preparation method thereof |
| CN114645130A (en) * | 2020-12-19 | 2022-06-21 | 无锡飞云球业股份有限公司 | Heat treatment processing technology of long-life bearing steel ball |
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