CN118127386A - Aluminum profile for new energy automobile battery box body and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Aluminum profile for new energy automobile battery box body and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN118127386A CN118127386A CN202410028623.3A CN202410028623A CN118127386A CN 118127386 A CN118127386 A CN 118127386A CN 202410028623 A CN202410028623 A CN 202410028623A CN 118127386 A CN118127386 A CN 118127386A
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- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 159
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 159
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 178
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 115
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 84
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 61
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 55
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- INHCSSUBVCNVSK-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium sulfate Inorganic materials [Li+].[Li+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O INHCSSUBVCNVSK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 31
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 3
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 abstract description 21
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 25
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 20
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 16
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 15
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 3
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000004673 fluoride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003574 free electron Substances 0.000 description 2
- VHHHONWQHHHLTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexachloroethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl VHHHONWQHHHLTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- -1 CO 2 Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 229910004261 CaF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018565 CuAl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017397 Fe3Si2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910019018 Mg 2 Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910016583 MnAl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004074 SiF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003841 chloride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008094 contradictory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009740 moulding (composite fabrication) Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
- C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/05—Refining by treating with gases, e.g. gas flushing also refining by means of a material generating gas in situ
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/10—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals with refining or fluxing agents; Use of materials therefor, e.g. slagging or scorifying agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/053—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with zinc as the next major constituent
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an aluminum profile for a new energy automobile battery box body and a manufacturing method thereof, wherein the aluminum profile comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.8-1.1% of Mg, 0.4-0.7% of Si, 0.15-0.35% of Cu, 0.15-0.35% of Cr, 0.5-0.15% of Mn, 0.005-0.015% of Ti, less than or equal to 0.2% of Fe, and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurities. According to the invention, through scientifically designing the component composition and the manufacturing process of the aluminum profile, the cleanliness of the aluminum profile is improved, the aluminum profile with fine and uniform crystal grains is obtained, and the strength, the plasticity, the welding performance, the corrosion resistance and the heat conduction performance of the aluminum profile are improved. The tensile strength of the aluminum profile is more than or equal to 300MPa, the yield strength is more than or equal to 280MPa, the elongation after breaking is more than or equal to 13%, the Webster hardness value is more than or equal to 16.5, the heat conductivity coefficient is more than or equal to 175W/(m.K), and the strength coefficient of the argon arc welding joint is more than or equal to 65%. The aluminum profile has uniform performance and stable quality, and meets the requirement of the light-weight development of the power battery box body of the new energy automobile on the high-comprehensive-performance aluminum profile.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum profile preparation, and particularly relates to an aluminum profile for a new energy automobile battery box body and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
The weight reduction is to reduce the weight of the automobile body as much as possible under the premise of ensuring the strength and the safety of the automobile, improve the dynamic property of the automobile, reduce the energy consumption and reduce the emission. The light weight is an important development direction of new energy automobile technology, and has important significance for improving the endurance mileage of the new energy automobile. The aluminum profile has the advantages of low density, high specific strength, corrosion resistance, easy processing and forming, recycling and the like, and is widely applied to battery boxes, motor shells, anti-collision beams, threshold beams, chassis longitudinal beams, skylight guide rails, luggage racks and the like of new energy automobiles.
The battery box is an important structural member for carrying and protecting the battery cells. The existing battery box body is mainly formed by welding aluminum profiles, so that the weight of the battery box body is reduced, the energy density of a battery pack is improved, the safe operation of the battery pack is guaranteed, the requirements of production and manufacturing processes are met, and the aluminum profiles are required to have high strength, plasticity, excellent welding performance, corrosion resistance and heat conduction performance.
The patent application with publication number CN109355537A discloses a 6-series aluminum alloy section bar for a new energy battery tray and a processing method thereof, wherein the 6-series aluminum alloy section bar comprises the following chemical components: 0.65-0.70% of Si, 0.90-0.95% of Mg, 0.18-22% of Cu, less than or equal to 0.20% of Fe, less than 0.1% of Mn, 0.09-0.12% of Cr, less than 0.01% of Zn, less than 0.1% of Ti and the balance of Al. The hardness of the aluminum alloy section bar is 16.2-17.5HW, the tensile strength is more than or equal to 290Mpa, the yield strength is more than or equal to 260Mpa, and the elongation is more than or equal to 10%.
The patent application with publication number CN110055441A discloses an aluminum alloy section bar for a new energy automobile battery tray bottom plate, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the aluminum alloy section bar comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.6 to 0.7 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.19 percent of Fe, 0.05 to 0.1 percent of Cu, 0.1 to 0.2 percent of Mn, 0.55 to 0.65 percent of Mg, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Zn, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Ti, the balance being aluminum and unavoidable impurities, wherein the total content of the impurities is less than or equal to 0.15 percent by weight. The tensile strength of the aluminum alloy section is more than or equal to 279Mpa, the yield strength is more than or equal to 235Mpa, and the elongation is more than or equal to 11.3%.
The patent application with publication number CN106435298A discloses an aluminum alloy applied to an automobile aluminum alloy box section and a preparation method thereof, wherein the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.45-0.48% of Si, 0.20% of Fe, 0.53-0.58% of Mg, 0.05% of Cu, 0.10% of Zn, 0.01-0.03% of Mn, 0.08% of Ti, 0.01% of Cr and the balance of Al. The preparation method adopts a natural gas heat accumulating rectangular reverberatory furnace and a vertical semi-continuous casting machine and comprises the following steps: batching, smelting, stirring, alloying, refining, standing, casting, sawing and homogenizing. The tensile strength of the aluminum alloy is 237MPa, the yield strength is 211MPa, the elongation after breaking is 11%, and the Webster hardness value is 13.
From the production practice and the document data retrieval result, because of the contradictory problems of mutual restriction and mutual elimination between the strength and plasticity, welding performance, corrosion resistance and heat conduction performance of the aluminum profile, the strength, plasticity, welding performance, corrosion resistance and heat conduction performance of the aluminum profile are often difficult to be simultaneously improved by adjusting alloy components, namely, the aluminum profile for the battery box body of the new energy automobile with high comprehensive performance is difficult to obtain, and the lightweight development of the battery box body is greatly limited. Therefore, the existing aluminum profile for the battery box body of the new energy automobile and the manufacturing method thereof still need to be improved and developed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and the defects, and provides an aluminum profile for a battery box of a new energy automobile and a manufacturing method thereof.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
The invention provides an aluminum profile for a battery box of a new energy automobile, which is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 0.8-1.1% of Mg, 0.4-0.7% of Si, 0.15-0.35% of Cu, 0.15-0.35% of Cr, 0.5-0.15% of Mn, 0.005-0.015% of Ti, less than or equal to 0.2% of Fe, the balance of Al and unavoidable other impurities, the single content of other impurities is less than or equal to 0.05%, and the total content of other impurities is less than or equal to 0.15%.
Wherein, mg and Si are main strengthening elements of the aluminum profile, and besides the solid solution strengthening effect of the Mg and Si in the aluminum profile, the Mg 2 Si phase can be separated out in the aging process, so that the strength of the aluminum profile is obviously improved. The contents of Mg and Si are too low, and the strength of the aluminum profile may be insufficient. The content of Mg and Si is not too high, otherwise, the extrusion difficulty of the aluminum profile is increased, and the plasticity, corrosion resistance and heat conduction performance of the aluminum profile are reduced.
Cu has solid solution strengthening effect in aluminum alloy, and can separate out CuAl 2 phase to obviously enhance the strength of aluminum profile. The Cu content is too low and the strength of the aluminum profile may be insufficient. The higher the Cu content is, the higher the strength of the aluminum profile is, but the welding performance, the corrosion resistance and the heat conduction performance are also reduced, and the quenching sensitivity of the aluminum profile is increased, so that the Cu content needs to be strictly controlled.
Cr and Mn can respectively form compound dispersion particles such as MnAl 6、FeMnAl6、CrFeAl7、CrMnAl12 and the like in the aluminum alloy, firstly, the crystal grains of the aluminum alloy casting rod can be thinned, secondly, the recrystallization process of the extruded aluminum alloy can be prevented, the recrystallization temperature can be increased, the growth of recrystallized crystal grains can be prevented, and the crystal grains of the extruded aluminum profile can be thinned. Finally, part of Fe element can be melted, so that the harm of impurity element Fe is reduced.
Ti is added into the aluminum alloy liquid in the form of Al5Ti1B alloy wire or Al5Ti0.2C alloy wire, and has the main functions of refining the crystal grains of the aluminum alloy casting rod and improving the structural uniformity and the extrusion performance of the aluminum alloy casting rod. The Ti content is too low, and the grain refining effect on the aluminum alloy casting rod is not obvious. The Ti content is too high, and the grain refining effect is not obviously increased, but the production cost is increased.
Fe is a common impurity element in aluminum alloy, and generally forms coarse needle-shaped FeMnAl6、CrFeAl7、Fe2SiAl8、Fe3Si2Al12、FeSiAl3、Fe2Si2Al9 and other iron-rich phases in the aluminum alloy, so that the strength, plasticity, welding performance, corrosion resistance and heat conduction performance of the aluminum profile can be reduced, the deformation resistance of the aluminum alloy casting rod can be increased, and the extrusion difficulty of the aluminum profile is increased. Therefore, the content of the impurity element Fe must be strictly controlled.
The invention provides a manufacturing method of an aluminum profile for a battery box body of a new energy automobile, which is characterized by comprising the following steps in sequence:
(1) Smelting and preparing aluminum alloy liquid according to the component composition and the mass percentage of the aluminum profile;
(2) Adopting inert gas and a refining agent to carry out blowing refining deslagging treatment on aluminum alloy liquid in a furnace, then removing scum on the surface of the aluminum alloy liquid, and scattering a covering agent on the surface of the aluminum alloy liquid;
(3) Introducing inert gas into the aluminum alloy liquid in the furnace through the air brick arranged at the bottom of the furnace to carry out refining and dehydrogenation treatment;
(4) Introducing aluminum alloy liquid into a launder, and then adding a grain refiner into the aluminum alloy liquid in the launder to carry out grain refining treatment;
(5) The aluminum alloy liquid subjected to grain refinement treatment flows through a degassing tank arranged on a launder to carry out deep dehydrogenation treatment;
(6) Allowing the aluminum alloy liquid subjected to deep dehydrogenation treatment to flow through a deep bed filter box or a tubular filter box arranged on a launder for filtration treatment;
(7) The aluminum alloy liquid is semicontinuously cast into an aluminum alloy casting rod by adopting an oil-gas sliding semicontinuous casting machine;
(8) Carrying out high-temperature homogenization treatment on the aluminum alloy casting rod, and then spraying water mist to cool to room temperature;
(9) Heating an aluminum alloy casting rod, extruding the aluminum alloy casting rod into an aluminum profile, and cooling the aluminum profile to room temperature for stretching and straightening;
(10) And (3) carrying out artificial aging treatment on the aluminum profile, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the aluminum profile for the new energy automobile battery box body.
The hydrogen holes and the inclusions are common defects in the aluminum profile, firstly, the aluminum matrix can be cut, the tissue continuity of the aluminum profile is damaged, free electrons are prevented from moving, the scattering of the free electrons is increased, and the heat conduction performance of the aluminum profile is reduced. And secondly, local stress concentration can be generated in the aluminum profile, so that the aluminum profile becomes a crack source and a crack propagation direction of the aluminum profile, and the strength and the plasticity of the aluminum profile are reduced. Finally, the aluminum profile is caused to form a micro corrosion battery, so that the corrosion resistance of the aluminum profile is reduced. Therefore, the improvement of the cleanliness of the aluminum profile is the basis and key for obtaining the aluminum profile for the battery box body of the new energy automobile with high strength, high plasticity, excellent welding performance, corrosion resistance and heat conduction performance.
Preferably, in the step (2), the inert gas is argon with the purity of more than or equal to 99.9% or nitrogen with the purity of more than or equal to 99.9%, the consumption of the refining agent is 0.2-0.4% of the weight of the aluminum alloy liquid, and the blowing refining time is 20-30 minutes.
The higher the purity of the inert gas, the less water vapor is contained, which is beneficial to reducing the gas content of the aluminum alloy liquid in the furnace. The blowing refining adopts a powder spraying tank and a stainless steel pipe, takes inert gas as a carrier, blows a powdery refining agent into the aluminum alloy liquid, enables the refining agent to fully contact and react with the aluminum alloy liquid, brings impurities in the aluminum alloy liquid to float up to the liquid level, achieves the deslagging effect, and has a certain dehydrogenation effect. The amount and refining time of the refining agent are closely related to the quality of the refining agent, and the higher the quality of the refining agent is, the smaller the amount and the smaller the refining time can be.
Preferably, the refining agent in the step (2) is composed of the following components in percentage by mass ：ZnCl2 40-50％,K2CO3 20-30％,NaNO3 5-10％,KF 8-13％,K2SO4 5-8％,Li2SO4 3-5％.
Preferably, the preparation method of the refining agent in the step (2) sequentially comprises the following steps: (1) ZnCl 2、K2CO3、NaNO3、KF、K2SO4、Li2SO4 with the purity more than or equal to 99.8 percent is selected as a raw material for batching; (2) Heating and melting raw materials at 1150-1200 ℃ under the protection of argon with purity more than or equal to 99.99%, and then cooling and solidifying the block refining agent; (3) And (3) crushing the block refining agent into powder with the particle size less than or equal to 2 mm to obtain the refining agent.
The cleanliness of the aluminum alloy liquid in the furnace directly affects the cleanliness of the final aluminum alloy cast bars and aluminum profiles, and the cleanliness of the aluminum alloy liquid in the furnace is closely related to the quality of the refining agent. The existing refining agent is mainly prepared by directly crushing and mixing raw materials such as sodium salt, fluoride salt, chloride salt, hexachloroethane and the like, and does not exert interaction among the raw materials, so that the refining agent has high melting point, low slag removal efficiency and slag removal rate of 30-40 percent. In order to improve the cleanliness of aluminum alloy liquid in a furnace, the inventor develops a more efficient and environment-friendly refining agent through a large number of experimental researches, the refining agent takes ZnCl 2 as a main component, a small amount of K 2CO3、NaNO3、KF、K2SO4、Li2SO4 is matched, raw materials are heated and melted at 1150-1200 ℃ under the protection of high-purity argon, then are cooled, solidified and crushed into a powdery refining agent, the melting point of ZnCl 2 in the refining agent is 290 ℃, and the melting point of NaNO 3 is 306.8 ℃, so that the refining agent is very easy to melt in the aluminum alloy liquid. K 2CO3 has a melting point of 891 ℃, KF has a melting point of 858 ℃, K 2SO4 has a melting point of 1069 ℃, li 2SO4 has a melting point of 859 ℃, and K 2CO3、KF、K2SO4、Li2SO4 has a higher melting point, but K 2CO3 and KF can form KF.K 2CO3 eutectic with a melting point of 688 ℃ only by melting and solidifying crystallization, K 2SO4 and Li 2SO4 can form K 2SO4·Li2SO4 eutectic with a melting point of 716 ℃ only, so that the melting point of the refining agent is further greatly reduced, the refining agent is easier to melt in the aluminum alloy liquid, wherein ZnCl 2 decomposes Cl 2,K2CO3, CO 2,NaNO3 decomposes N 2、CO2 and NO gas, a large number of bubbles capture impurities in the aluminum alloy liquid in the floating process, and the efficient deslagging effect is achieved. The K 2SO4·Li2SO4 eutectic is melted into liquid molten salt, which has good wetting spheroidization effect on inclusions such as alumina, promotes the separation of the inclusions and aluminum liquid, can further improve the deslagging efficiency, and has the deslagging rate of 50 percent. In addition, the refining agent does not contain sodium salt and hexachloroethane, only contains a small amount of fluoride salt, and is more environment-friendly to use.
Preferably, the inert gas in the step (3) is argon with the purity of more than or equal to 99.99% or nitrogen with the purity of more than or equal to 99.99%, the flow rate of the inert gas is 0.3-0.6 cubic meters per minute, and the ventilation time is 10-20 minutes.
The degassing of the furnace bottom air brick is to install a plurality of air bricks with a large number of holes at the bottom of an aluminum melting furnace, then to introduce inert gas into the aluminum alloy liquid in the furnace through the air bricks, the inert gas is decomposed into tiny and uniform small bubbles after passing through the porous air bricks, the small bubbles capture hydrogen in the aluminum alloy liquid in the floating process, and then the aluminum alloy liquid is floated up to play a role in removing hydrogen. Because the bottom of the aluminum melting furnace is uniformly provided with a plurality of air bricks, the air bubbles are uniformly distributed in the aluminum alloy liquid, and the inert gas bubbles have stirring effect on the aluminum alloy liquid when floating upwards, so that the dehydrogenation efficiency is improved, and dead angles are avoided. The hydrogen content of the aluminum alloy liquid in the furnace can be reduced to below 0.2ml/100gAl by refining and removing hydrogen in the furnace through the air brick, so that the cleanliness of the aluminum alloy liquid in the furnace is greatly improved.
Preferably, in the step (4), the grain refiner is an Al5Ti1B alloy wire or an Al5Ti0.2C alloy wire, and the addition amount of the grain refiner is 0.1-0.3% of the weight of the aluminum alloy liquid.
The grain refiner is slowly added into the aluminum alloy liquid according to the flow of the aluminum alloy liquid in the launder by adopting a wire feeder, so that the grain refining effect of the grain refiner can be exerted to the greatest extent, the grain structure of the aluminum alloy casting rod is obviously refined, and the structure uniformity of the aluminum alloy casting rod is improved. Generally, the larger the addition amount of the grain refiner is, the better the grain refining effect is, but too much grain refiner is added, the refining effect is not increased proportionally, but the production cost is increased. Thus, the addition amount of the grain refiner should be reasonably selected according to the characteristics of the aluminum alloy and the grade of the aluminum product.
Preferably, in the step (5), the rotating speed of the graphite rotor in the degassing tank is 300-330 revolutions per minute, the gas flow rate on the graphite rotor is 1-2 cubic meters per hour, and the gas pressure is 0.7-0.9MPa.
Preferably, the gas introduced into the degassing tank in the step (5) is argon with the purity of more than or equal to 99.99%, or nitrogen with the purity of more than or equal to 99.99%, or mixed gas composed of argon with the purity of more than or equal to 99.99%, or nitrogen with the purity of more than or equal to 99.99% and chlorine with the purity of more than or equal to 99.99%, and the volume percentage of the chlorine in the mixed gas is 3-5%.
The dehydrogenation of the degassing tank is that a graphite rotor rotating at high speed in the degassing tank breaks mixed gas consisting of argon, nitrogen or chlorine-containing gas into tiny bubbles and enters the aluminum alloy liquid, and hydrogen atoms in the aluminum alloy liquid are continuously diffused into the bubbles by utilizing partial pressure difference of hydrogen between the aluminum alloy liquid and the bubbles and then float upwards along with the bubbles to escape from the aluminum alloy liquid, so that the dehydrogenation effect is achieved. After the dehydrogenation of the degassing tank, the hydrogen content of the aluminum alloy liquid can be reduced to below 0.1ml/100gAl, thereby greatly improving the cleanliness of the aluminum alloy liquid.
The filter medium of the deep-bed filter box in the step (6) is formed by stacking alumina balls or particles with different particle diameters layer by layer according to a certain proportion, and the removal rate of impurities with the particle diameter of more than 5 mu m in the filtered aluminum alloy liquid can reach more than 95 percent. The filter medium of the tubular filter box is a ceramic tube formed by sintering silicon nitride ceramic particles with the particle size of 2-6mm and a binder at high temperature, a large number of zigzag pores are formed in the ceramic tube, and when aluminum alloy liquid flows through the ceramic filter tube, impurities are adsorbed or blocked on the surface of the ceramic filter tube and the inner walls of the pores, so that the filtering and deslagging effects are achieved. The removal rate of the impurities above 5 mu m in the aluminum alloy liquid after filtration can reach above 98 percent. The deep-bed filtration and the tubular filtration belong to high-precision filtration, and the deep-bed filtration or the tubular filtration is selected according to the specific requirements of aluminum products, but the filtering effect of the deep-bed filtration or the tubular filtration is far better than that of a foam ceramic plate, so that the cleanliness of the aluminum alloy casting rod can be greatly improved.
Preferably, the temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid in the step (7) is 680-720 ℃, the semi-continuous casting speed is 50-150 mm/min, and the cooling water temperature is less than or equal to 40 ℃.
The oil gas is introduced into the graphite ring in the casting crystallizer to form a layer of oil gas film between the graphite ring and the aluminum alloy liquid, and the thickness of a segregation layer on the surface of the casting rod is greatly reduced by reducing the chilling of the aluminum alloy liquid, so that the aluminum alloy casting rod with a smooth surface is obtained. In order to obtain high quality aluminum alloy cast bars, strict adherence to the operating regulations of semi-continuous casting and strict control of the process parameters of semi-continuous casting are required in order to prevent accidents of aluminum leakage.
Preferably, the high temperature homogenization in step (8) is conducted at a heating temperature of 560 to 570 ℃ for a heating time of 5 to 7 hours.
The high-temperature homogenization treatment is carried out on the aluminum alloy casting rod, so that coarse intermetallic compounds in the casting rod are melted, macro-micro component segregation and internal stress in the casting rod are eliminated, the uniformity of the structural components of the aluminum alloy casting rod is further improved, the deformation resistance of the aluminum alloy casting rod is reduced, the extrusion speed of aluminum materials is improved, and the performance and quality of aluminum profiles are further improved. The heating temperature is low or the heating time is short, resulting in insufficient homogenization. Too high heating temperature can cause excessive burning of the aluminum alloy casting rod, and can reduce extrusion performance of the casting rod and performance of the aluminum profile.
Preferably, in the step (9), the heating temperature of the aluminum alloy casting rod is 480-490 ℃, the heating temperature of the extruding die is 420-440 ℃, the heating temperature of the extruding cylinder is 360-380 ℃, the extruding ratio is 15-20, the extruding speed is 8-10mm/s, the cooling refers to strong wind cooling or water spray cooling, and the deformation amount of the stretch straightening is 0.5-2%.
Extrusion is an important procedure in aluminum profile production, not only ensuring the shape and size of the aluminum profile, but also controlling the organization and performance of the aluminum profile, which requires reasonable matching of extrusion process parameters, especially the temperature, extrusion ratio and extrusion speed of the aluminum bar. The heating temperature of the aluminum bar is too high, the extrusion ratio is too large or the extrusion speed is too high, coarse crystals can appear in the aluminum profile, and the mechanical property and the corrosion resistance of the aluminum profile can be deteriorated. The aluminum bar is heated at too low temperature or the extrusion speed is too low, and the temperature of the machine is closed or the temperature of the aluminum profile at the outlet is insufficient. The extruded aluminum profile is rapidly cooled to obtain supersaturated solid solution, so that the aging strengthening effect is enhanced.
Preferably, the artificial ageing in step (10) is heating the aluminium profile at 190-200 ℃ for 3-4 hours.
Artificial aging is an important measure for further improving the strength of aluminum profiles. The strength of the aluminum profile can be improved to the greatest extent by adopting artificial aging for heating at 190-200 ℃ for 3-4 hours, and the aluminum profile has good plasticity, welding performance, corrosion resistance and heat conduction performance.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: according to the invention, through scientifically designing the component composition and the manufacturing process of the aluminum profile, the cleanliness of the aluminum profile is improved, the aluminum profile with fine and uniform grains is obtained, the strength, plasticity, welding performance, corrosion resistance and heat conduction performance of the aluminum profile are improved, the tensile strength of the aluminum profile is more than or equal to 300MPa, the yield strength is more than or equal to 280MPa, the elongation after fracture is more than or equal to 13%, the Webster hardness value is more than or equal to 16.5, the heat conduction coefficient is more than or equal to 175W/(m.K), the strength coefficient of an argon arc welding joint is more than or equal to 65%, the performance of the aluminum profile is uniform, the quality is stable, and the requirement of the light weight development of a new energy automobile power battery box body on the high comprehensive aluminum profile is met.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a photograph of a metallographic microstructure of an aluminum profile of example 1.
Fig. 2 is a photograph of a metallographic microstructure of the aluminum profile of example 2.
Fig. 3 is a photograph of a metallographic microstructure of the aluminum profile of example 3.
Fig. 4 is a photograph of a metallographic microstructure of the aluminum profile of example 4.
Fig. 5 is a photograph of a metallographic microstructure of the aluminum profile of comparative example 1.
Fig. 6 is a photograph of a metallographic microstructure of the aluminum profile of comparative example 4.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be further described with reference to the specific embodiments, comparative examples and drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and other variations of the disclosed embodiments, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art, should fall within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
Example 1
The aluminum profile for the new energy automobile battery box body comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.89% of Mg, 0.52% of Si, 0.19% of Cu, 0.21% of Cr, 0.8% of Mn, 0.01% of Ti, 0.15% of Fe, the balance of Al and unavoidable other impurities, wherein the single content of other impurities is less than or equal to 0.05%, and the total content of other impurities is less than or equal to 0.15%, and the manufacturing method sequentially comprises the following steps:
(1) Smelting and preparing aluminum alloy liquid according to the component composition and the mass percentage of the aluminum profile;
(2) Adopting argon with the purity of 99.99 percent and a refining agent with the weight of 0.3 percent to carry out slag removal treatment on the aluminum alloy liquid in the furnace by blowing and refining for 25 minutes, then removing scum on the surface of the aluminum alloy liquid, and scattering a covering agent on the surface of the aluminum alloy liquid;
(3) Introducing argon with the purity of 99.99% into the aluminum alloy liquid in the furnace through the air brick arranged at the bottom of the furnace, refining for 15 minutes, and carrying out dehydrogenation treatment, wherein the flow rate of the argon is 0.5 cubic meter/minute;
(4) Introducing an aluminum alloy liquid into a launder, and then adding Al5Ti1B alloy wires accounting for 0.2% of the weight of the aluminum alloy liquid into the aluminum alloy liquid in the launder to carry out grain refinement treatment;
(5) The aluminum alloy liquid subjected to grain refinement treatment flows through a degassing tank arranged on a launder to be subjected to deep dehydrogenation treatment, the rotating speed of a graphite rotor in the degassing tank is 320 revolutions per minute, the flow rate of argon on the graphite rotor is 1.5 cubic meters per hour, the pressure of the argon is 0.8MPa, and the purity of the argon is more than or equal to 99.99%;
(6) Allowing the aluminum alloy liquid subjected to deep dehydrogenation treatment to flow through a deep bed filter box or a tubular filter box arranged on a launder for filtration treatment;
(7) Adopting an oil-gas sliding semi-continuous casting machine to cast the aluminum alloy liquid into an aluminum alloy casting rod in a semi-continuous way under the conditions that the temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid is 700 ℃, the casting speed is 120 mm/min and the temperature of cooling water is 30 ℃;
(8) Heating an aluminum alloy casting rod at 565 ℃ for 6 hours to perform high-temperature homogenization treatment, and then cooling the aluminum alloy casting rod to room temperature by spraying water mist;
(9) Heating an aluminum alloy casting rod to 485 ℃, extruding the aluminum alloy casting rod into an aluminum profile under the conditions that the heating temperature of a die is 430 ℃, the heating temperature of an extrusion cylinder is 370 ℃, the extrusion ratio is 17 and the extrusion speed is 9mm/s, cooling the aluminum profile to room temperature by strong wind, and then stretching and straightening, wherein the deformation of the stretching and straightening is 1%;
(10) And heating the aluminum profile at 195 ℃ for 3.5 hours for artificial aging treatment, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the aluminum profile for the new energy automobile battery box body.
The preparation method of the refining agent in the step (2) comprises the following components in percentage by mass ：ZnCl2 45.5％,K2CO324.4％,NaNO3 8.6％,KF 10.3％,K2SO4 7.9％,Li2SO4 3.3％,, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps in sequence: (1) ZnCl 2、K2CO3、NaNO3、KF、K2SO4、Li2SO4 with the purity more than or equal to 99.8 percent is selected as a raw material for batching; (2) Heating and melting raw materials at 1190 ℃ under the protection of argon with purity more than or equal to 99.99%, and then cooling and solidifying the block refining agent; (3) And (3) crushing the block refining agent into powder with the particle size less than or equal to 2mm to obtain the refining agent.
Example 2
The aluminum profile for the new energy automobile battery box body comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1.1% of Mg, 0.4% of Si, 0.15% of Cu, 0.35% of Cr, 0.5% of Mn, 0.015% of Ti, 0.2% of Fe, the balance of Al and unavoidable impurities, wherein the single content of other impurities is less than or equal to 0.05%, and the total content of other impurities is less than or equal to 0.15%, and the manufacturing method sequentially comprises the following steps:
(1) Smelting and preparing aluminum alloy liquid according to the component composition and the mass percentage of the aluminum profile;
(2) Adopting nitrogen with the purity of 99.99 percent and a refining agent with the weight of 0.2 percent to carry out slag removal treatment on the aluminum alloy liquid in the furnace by blowing and refining for 20 minutes, then removing scum on the surface of the aluminum alloy liquid, and scattering a covering agent on the surface of the aluminum alloy liquid;
(3) Introducing nitrogen with the purity of 99.99% into the aluminum alloy liquid in the furnace through the air brick arranged at the bottom of the furnace, refining for 20 minutes, and carrying out dehydrogenation treatment, wherein the flow rate of the nitrogen is 0.3 cubic meter/minute;
(4) Introducing aluminum alloy liquid into a launder, and then adding Al5Ti0.2C alloy wires accounting for 0.3% of the weight of the aluminum alloy liquid into the aluminum alloy liquid in the launder to carry out grain refinement treatment;
(5) The aluminum alloy liquid subjected to grain refinement treatment flows through a degassing tank arranged on a launder to be subjected to deep dehydrogenation treatment, the rotating speed of a graphite rotor in the degassing tank is 330 r/min, the flow rate of nitrogen on the graphite rotor is 1 cubic meter/h, the pressure of the nitrogen is 0.7MPa, and the purity of the nitrogen is 99.99%;
(6) Allowing the aluminum alloy liquid subjected to deep dehydrogenation treatment to flow through a deep bed filter box or a tubular filter box arranged on a launder for filtration treatment;
(7) Adopting an oil-gas sliding semi-continuous casting machine to cast the aluminum alloy liquid into an aluminum alloy casting rod in a semi-continuous way under the conditions that the temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid is 720 ℃, the casting speed is 50 mm/min and the temperature of cooling water is 25 ℃;
(8) Heating an aluminum alloy casting rod at 560 ℃ for 7 hours to carry out high-temperature homogenization treatment, and then cooling the aluminum alloy casting rod to room temperature by spraying water mist;
(9) Heating an aluminum alloy casting rod to 480 ℃, extruding the aluminum alloy casting rod into an aluminum profile under the conditions that the heating temperature of a die is 420 ℃, the heating temperature of an extrusion cylinder is 380 ℃, the extrusion ratio is 15, the extrusion speed is 8mm/s, spraying water mist to cool the aluminum profile to room temperature, and then stretching and straightening, wherein the stretching and straightening deformation is 0.5%;
(10) And heating the aluminum profile at 190 ℃ for 4 hours for artificial aging treatment, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the aluminum profile for the new energy automobile battery box body.
The preparation method of the refining agent in the step (2) comprises the following components in percentage by mass ：ZnCl2 49.9％,K2CO324.2％,NaNO3 5.1％,KF 8.2％,K2SO4 7.7％,Li2SO4 4.9％,, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps in sequence: (1) ZnCl 2、K2CO3、NaNO3、KF、K2SO4、Li2SO4 with the purity more than or equal to 99.8 percent is selected as a raw material for batching; (2) Heating and melting raw materials at 1150 ℃ under the protection of argon with purity more than or equal to 99.99%, and then cooling and solidifying the block refining agent; (3) And (3) crushing the block refining agent into powder with the particle size less than or equal to 2mm to obtain the refining agent.
Example 3
The aluminum profile for the new energy automobile battery box body comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.8% of Mg, 0.7% of Si, 0.35% of Cu, 0.15% of Cr, 0.15% of Mn, 0.005% of Ti, 0.11% of Fe, the balance of Al and unavoidable other impurities, wherein the single content of other impurities is less than or equal to 0.05%, and the total content of other impurities is less than or equal to 0.15%, and the manufacturing method sequentially comprises the following steps:
(1) Smelting and preparing aluminum alloy liquid according to the component composition and the mass percentage of the aluminum profile;
(2) Adopting argon with the purity of 99.9 percent and a refining agent with the weight of 0.4 percent to carry out slag removal treatment on the aluminum alloy liquid in the furnace by blowing and refining for 30 minutes, then removing scum on the surface of the aluminum alloy liquid, and scattering a covering agent on the surface of the aluminum alloy liquid;
(3) Introducing argon with the purity of 99.99% into the aluminum alloy liquid in the furnace through the air brick arranged at the bottom of the furnace, refining for 10 minutes, and carrying out dehydrogenation treatment, wherein the flow rate of the argon is 0.5 cubic meter/min;
(4) Introducing an aluminum alloy liquid into a launder, and then adding Al5Ti1B alloy wires accounting for 0.1% of the weight of the aluminum alloy liquid into the aluminum alloy liquid in the launder to carry out grain refinement treatment;
(5) The aluminum alloy liquid subjected to grain refinement treatment flows through a degassing tank arranged on a launder to be subjected to deep dehydrogenation treatment, the rotating speed of a graphite rotor in the degassing tank is 300 revolutions per minute, the gas flow rate on the graphite rotor is 1.5 cubic meters per hour, the gas pressure is 0.7MPa, the gas is mixed gas consisting of argon with the purity of 99.99% and chlorine with the purity of 99.99%, and the volume percentage of the chlorine in the mixed gas is 5%;
(6) Allowing the aluminum alloy liquid subjected to deep dehydrogenation treatment to flow through a deep bed filter box or a tubular filter box arranged on a launder for filtration treatment;
(7) Adopting an oil-gas sliding semi-continuous casting machine to cast the aluminum alloy liquid into an aluminum alloy casting rod in a semi-continuous way under the conditions that the temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid is 690 ℃, the casting speed is 150 mm/min and the temperature of cooling water is 20 ℃;
(8) Heating an aluminum alloy casting rod at 565 ℃ for 6 hours to perform high-temperature homogenization treatment, and then cooling the aluminum alloy casting rod to room temperature by spraying water mist;
(9) Heating an aluminum alloy casting rod to 490 ℃, extruding the aluminum alloy casting rod into an aluminum profile under the conditions that the heating temperature of a die is 420 ℃, the heating temperature of an extrusion cylinder is 360 ℃, the extrusion ratio is 20 and the extrusion speed is 10mm/s, blowing strong wind to cool the aluminum profile to room temperature, and then stretching and straightening, wherein the stretching and straightening deformation is 1.5%;
(10) And heating the aluminum profile at 200 ℃ for 3 hours for artificial aging treatment, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the aluminum profile for the new energy automobile battery box body.
The preparation method of the refining agent in the step (2) comprises the following components in percentage by mass ：ZnCl2 40％,K2CO3 29％,NaNO3 10％,KF 13％,K2SO4 5％,Li2SO4 3％,, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps in sequence: (1) ZnCl 2、K2CO3、NaNO3、KF、K2SO4、Li2SO4 with the purity more than or equal to 99.8 percent is selected as a raw material for batching; (2) Heating and melting raw materials at 1200 ℃ under the protection of argon with purity more than or equal to 99.99%, and then cooling and solidifying the block refining agent; (3) And (3) crushing the block refining agent into powder with the particle size less than or equal to 2mm to obtain the refining agent.
Example 4
The aluminum profile for the new energy automobile battery box body comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1.05% of Mg, 0.62% of Si, 0.31% of Cu, 0.18% of Cr, 0.11% of Mn, 0.01% of Ti, 0.13% of Fe, the balance of Al and unavoidable other impurities, wherein the single content of other impurities is less than or equal to 0.05%, and the total content of other impurities is less than or equal to 0.15%, and the manufacturing method sequentially comprises the following steps:
(1) Smelting and preparing aluminum alloy liquid according to the component composition and the mass percentage of the aluminum profile;
(2) Adopting nitrogen with the purity of 99.9% and a refining agent with the weight of 0.3% of the aluminum alloy liquid to carry out slag removal treatment on the aluminum alloy liquid in the furnace by blowing refining for 25 minutes, then removing scum on the surface of the aluminum alloy liquid, and scattering a covering agent on the surface of the aluminum alloy liquid;
(3) Introducing nitrogen with the purity of 99.99% into the aluminum alloy liquid in the furnace through the air brick arranged at the bottom of the furnace, refining for 18 minutes, and carrying out dehydrogenation treatment, wherein the flow rate of the nitrogen is 0.4 cubic meter/min;
(4) Introducing aluminum alloy liquid into a launder, and then adding Al5Ti0.2C alloy wires accounting for 0.2% of the weight of the aluminum alloy liquid into the aluminum alloy liquid in the launder to carry out grain refinement treatment;
(5) The aluminum alloy liquid subjected to grain refinement treatment flows through a degassing tank arranged on a launder to be subjected to deep dehydrogenation treatment, the rotating speed of a graphite rotor in the degassing tank is 310 revolutions per minute, the flow rate of gas on the graphite rotor is 2 cubic meters per hour, the gas pressure is 0.9MPa, the gas is mixed gas consisting of nitrogen with the purity of 99.99% and chlorine with the purity of 99.99%, and the volume percentage of the chlorine in the mixed gas is 3%;
(6) Allowing the aluminum alloy liquid subjected to deep dehydrogenation treatment to flow through a deep bed filter box or a tubular filter box arranged on a launder for filtration treatment;
(7) Adopting an oil-gas sliding semi-continuous casting machine to cast the aluminum alloy liquid into an aluminum alloy casting rod in a semi-continuous way under the conditions that the temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid is 680 ℃, the casting speed is 80 mm/min and the temperature of cooling water is 15 ℃;
(8) Heating an aluminum alloy casting rod at 570 ℃ for 5 hours to perform high-temperature homogenization treatment, and then cooling the aluminum alloy casting rod to room temperature by spraying water mist;
(9) Heating an aluminum alloy casting rod to 485 ℃, extruding the aluminum alloy casting rod into an aluminum profile under the conditions that the heating temperature of a die is 430 ℃, the heating temperature of an extrusion cylinder is 370 ℃, the extrusion ratio is 18, the extrusion speed is 9mm/s, blowing strong wind to room temperature, and then stretching and straightening, wherein the stretching and straightening deformation is 1%;
(10) And heating the aluminum profile at 195 ℃ for 3.5 hours for artificial aging treatment, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the aluminum profile for the new energy automobile battery box body.
The preparation method of the refining agent in the step (2) comprises the following components in percentage by mass ：ZnCl2 43％,K2CO3 30％,NaNO3 7％,KF 10％,K2SO4 6％,Li2SO4 4％,, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps in sequence: (1) ZnCl 2、K2CO3、NaNO3、KF、K2SO4、Li2SO4 with the purity more than or equal to 99.8 percent is selected as a raw material for batching; (2) Heating and melting raw materials at 1180 ℃ under the protection of argon with the purity of more than or equal to 99.99%, and then cooling and solidifying the block refining agent; (3) And (3) crushing the block refining agent into powder with the particle size less than or equal to 2mm to obtain the refining agent.
Comparative example 1
The manufacturing process of the aluminum profile is the same as that of the embodiment 1, except that Mn and Cr are not added into the aluminum profile, and the aluminum profile consists of the following components in percentage by mass: 0.89% of Mg, 0.52% of Si, 0.19% of Cu, 0.01% of Ti, 0.15% of Fe, the balance of Al and unavoidable other impurities, wherein the single content of other impurities is less than or equal to 0.05%, the total content of other impurities is less than or equal to 0.15%,
Comparative example 2
The components and manufacturing process of the aluminum profile are the same as those of the example 2, except that the refining agent used in the step (2) is a commercially available refining agent commonly used at present, and the refining agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 26.1% of NaCl,10.6% of Na 2SiF6, 17.1% of Na 2SO4, 6.9% of CaF 2, 9.3% of C 6Cl6, 14.3% of Na 2S2O3 and 15.7% of NaF.
Comparative example 3
The composition and manufacturing process of the aluminum profile were the same as in example 3, except that the deep-bed filtration tank or the tube filtration tank was not used in step (6) but the filtration was performed using a common foam ceramic plate.
Comparative example 4
The composition and manufacturing process of the aluminum profile were the same as in example 3, except that the heating temperature of the aluminum alloy cast rod in step (9) was 500 ℃.
Verification example 1
The hydrogen content and the slag content of the aluminum alloy liquid before semi-continuous casting of examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 2 and 3 were measured on site by using an HDA-V hydrogen meter and an Analyze PoDFA slag meter, and the results are shown in Table 1, and Table 1 shows the comparison of the hydrogen content and the slag content of the aluminum alloy liquid before semi-continuous casting. As can be seen from Table 1, the aluminum alloy liquids of examples 1 to 4 had a hydrogen content of less than 0.1ml/100gAl and a slag content of less than 0.08mm 2/kgAl. In contrast, in comparative example 2, the conventional commercial refining agent was used for in-furnace blowing refining, so that the hydrogen content of the aluminum alloy liquid before semi-continuous casting reached 0.118ml/100gAl, and the slag content reached 0.101mm 2/kgAl. Comparative example 3 the slag content of the aluminum alloy liquid before semi-continuous casting was as high as 0.136mm 2/kgAl due to the fact that deep-bed filtration or tube filtration was not employed but that ordinary foam ceramic plate filtration was employed. As can be seen by comparison, the method can greatly reduce the gas slag content of the aluminum alloy liquid before semi-continuous casting, thereby improving the cleanliness of the aluminum alloy cast rod and the extruded aluminum profile.
| Hydrogen content/(ml/100 gAl) | Slag content/(mm 2/kgAl) | |
| Example 1 | 0.092 | 0.075 |
| Example 2 | 0.084 | 0.064 |
| Example 3 | 0.066 | 0.058 |
| Example 4 | 0.051 | 0.067 |
| Comparative example 2 | 0.118 | 0.101 |
| Comparative example 3 | 0.059 | 0.136 |
TABLE 1
Verification example 2
Samples were taken on the aluminum profiles obtained in examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 and 4, and then observed under a metallographic microscope after grinding, polishing and etching, and the metallographic structures of the aluminum profiles are shown in FIGS. 1 to 6, respectively. It can be seen from fig. 1 to 4 that the aluminum profile of the example has a fine and uniform recrystallized grain structure inside. As can be seen from fig. 5 and 6, since the aluminum alloy of comparative example 1 was not added with Mn and Cr, the comparative example 4 had a large number of coarse grains inside the aluminum profile due to the fact that the recrystallized grains were grown during extrusion due to the excessively high heating temperature of the aluminum alloy cast rod.
Verification example 3
The aluminum profiles of examples 1-4 and comparative examples 1-4 were subjected to room temperature stretching on an electronic tensile tester at a stretching rate of 2mm/min, the tensile strength, yield strength and elongation after break of the aluminum profiles were measured, the thermal conductivity of the aluminum profiles was measured using a KED-200 new thermal conductivity meter, the aluminum profiles were subjected to argon arc welding, then subjected to room temperature stretching on the electronic tensile tester at a stretching rate of 2mm/min, the tensile strength of the argon arc welding joints was measured, and then the tensile strength of the welding joints was divided by the tensile strength of the aluminum profiles to obtain the strength coefficients of the argon arc welding joints, and the results are shown in Table 2, table 2 shows the room temperature tensile mechanical properties of the aluminum profiles. As can be seen from Table 2, the tensile strength of the aluminum profiles of examples 1-4 is more than or equal to 300MPa, the yield strength is more than or equal to 280MPa, the elongation after breaking is more than or equal to 13%, the Webster hardness value is more than or equal to 16.5, the heat conductivity coefficient is more than or equal to 175W/(m.K), the strength coefficient of an argon arc welding joint is more than or equal to 65%, the performance of the aluminum profiles is uniform, the quality is stable, and the requirements of the light weight development of the power battery box body of the new energy automobile on the high comprehensive performance aluminum profiles are met. Comparative example 1 aluminum profile has poor plasticity due to coarse grains of the aluminum profile because no Mn and Cr are added, and the strength coefficient of the argon arc welding head is low. Comparative example 2 in-furnace blowing refining was performed by using a conventional commercial refining agent, and comparative example 3 was performed by using a common foam ceramic plate instead of a deep-bed filter tank or a tube filter tank, resulting in a higher gas slag content and lower cleanliness of the aluminum profile, and thus the strength, plasticity, heat conductive property and welding property of the aluminum profile were poor. Comparative example 4 because the heating temperature of the aluminum alloy cast rod is too high, the grains of the aluminum profile are coarse, the strength of the aluminum profile is low, the plasticity is poor, and the strength coefficient of the argon arc welding joint is low. As can be seen by comparison, the invention improves the cleanliness of the aluminum profile by scientifically designing the component composition and the manufacturing process of the aluminum profile, obtains the aluminum profile with fine and uniform crystal grains, and can greatly improve the strength, the plasticity, the welding performance and the heat conducting performance of the aluminum profile.
Table 2.
Claims (10)
1. The aluminum profile for the new energy automobile battery box body is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 0.8-1.1% of Mg, 0.4-0.7% of Si, 0.15-0.35% of Cu, 0.15-0.35% of Cr, 0.5-0.15% of Mn, 0.005-0.015% of Ti, less than or equal to 0.2% of Fe, the balance of Al and unavoidable other impurities, the single content of other impurities is less than or equal to 0.05%, and the total content of other impurities is less than or equal to 0.15%.
2. A method for manufacturing an aluminum profile for a battery box of a new energy automobile according to claim 1, comprising the following steps in order:
(1) Smelting and preparing aluminum alloy liquid according to the component composition and the mass percentage of the aluminum profile;
(2) Adopting inert gas and a refining agent to carry out blowing refining deslagging treatment on aluminum alloy liquid in a furnace, then removing scum on the surface of the aluminum alloy liquid, and scattering a covering agent on the surface of the aluminum alloy liquid;
(3) Introducing inert gas into the aluminum alloy liquid in the furnace through the air brick arranged at the bottom of the furnace to carry out refining and dehydrogenation treatment;
(4) Introducing aluminum alloy liquid into a launder, and then adding a grain refiner into the aluminum alloy liquid in the launder to carry out grain refining treatment;
(5) The aluminum alloy liquid subjected to grain refinement treatment flows through a degassing tank arranged on a launder to carry out deep dehydrogenation treatment;
(6) Allowing the aluminum alloy liquid subjected to deep dehydrogenation treatment to flow through a deep bed filter box or a tubular filter box arranged on a launder for filtration treatment;
(7) The aluminum alloy liquid is semicontinuously cast into an aluminum alloy casting rod by adopting an oil-gas sliding semicontinuous casting machine;
(8) Carrying out high-temperature homogenization treatment on the aluminum alloy casting rod, and then spraying water mist to cool to room temperature;
(9) Heating an aluminum alloy casting rod, extruding the aluminum alloy casting rod into an aluminum profile, and cooling the aluminum profile to room temperature for stretching and straightening;
(10) And heating the aluminum profile at 190-200 ℃ for 3-4 hours for artificial aging treatment, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the aluminum profile for the new energy automobile battery box body.
3. The method for producing an aluminum profile for a battery case of a new energy automobile according to claim 2, wherein in the step (2), the inert gas is argon gas having a purity of 99.9% or nitrogen gas having a purity of 99.9%, the amount of the refining agent is 0.2 to 0.4% by weight of the aluminum alloy liquid, the blowing refining time is 20 to 30 minutes, and the refining agent is composed of the following components in mass percent ：ZnCl2 40-50％,K2CO3 20-30％,NaNO3 5-10％,KF 8-13％,K2SO4 5-8％,Li2SO43-5％.
4. The method for manufacturing an aluminum profile for a battery case of a new energy automobile according to claim 2, wherein the method for preparing the refining agent in the step (2) sequentially comprises the steps of: (1) ZnCl 2、K2CO3、NaNO3、KF、K2SO4、Li2SO4 with the purity more than or equal to 99.8 percent is selected as a raw material for batching; (2) Heating and melting raw materials at 1150-1200 ℃ under the protection of argon with purity more than or equal to 99.99%, and then cooling and solidifying the block refining agent; (3) And (3) crushing the block refining agent into powder with the particle size less than or equal to 2mm to obtain the refining agent.
5. The method for manufacturing an aluminum profile for a battery box of a new energy automobile according to claim 2, wherein in the step (3), the inert gas is argon with a purity of 99.99% or more or nitrogen with a purity of 99.99% or more, the flow rate of the inert gas is 0.3-0.6 cubic meters per minute, and the ventilation time is 10-20 minutes.
6. The method for manufacturing aluminum profiles for battery cases of new energy automobiles according to claim 2, wherein in the step (4), the grain refiner is an Al5Ti1B alloy wire or an Al5Ti0.2c alloy wire, and the addition amount of the grain refiner is 0.1-0.3% of the weight of the aluminum alloy liquid.
7. The method for manufacturing aluminum profiles for battery cases of new energy automobiles according to claim 2, wherein in the step (5), the rotational speed of the graphite rotor in the degassing tank is 300-330 rpm, the gas flow rate on the graphite rotor is 1-2 cubic meters per hour, the gas pressure is 0.7-0.9MPa, the gas is argon gas with purity of 99.99% or nitrogen gas with purity of 99.99% or a mixed gas composed of argon gas with purity of 99.99% or nitrogen gas with purity of 99.99% and chlorine gas with purity of 99.99%, and the volume percentage of chlorine in the mixed gas is 3-5%.
8. The method for manufacturing an aluminum profile for a battery case of a new energy automobile according to claim 2, wherein the temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid in the step (7) is 680-720 ℃, the semi-continuous casting speed is 50-150 mm/min, and the cooling water temperature is less than or equal to 40 ℃.
9. The method for manufacturing an aluminum profile for a battery case of a new energy automobile according to claim 2, wherein the high-temperature homogenizing in the step (8) is carried out at a heating temperature of 560 to 570 ℃ for 5 to 7 hours.
10. The method for manufacturing an aluminum profile for a battery box of a new energy automobile according to claim 2, wherein in the step (9), the heating temperature of the aluminum alloy casting rod is 480-490 ℃, the heating temperature of the extruding die is 420-440 ℃, the heating temperature of the extruding cylinder is 360-380 ℃, the extruding ratio is 15-20, the extruding speed is 8-10mm/s, the cooling means strong wind cooling or water mist cooling, and the deformation amount of the stretching straightening is 0.5-2%.
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