CN118109726A - High-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy section bar for automobile anti-collision beam and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
High-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy section bar for automobile anti-collision beam and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy section bar for an automobile anti-collision beam and a manufacturing method thereof, wherein the aluminum alloy section bar comprises the following components in percentage by mass ：Zn 4.6-5.4％,Mg 0.8-1.6％,Mn0.1-0.5％,Cr 0.05-0.15％,Zr 0.05-0.15％,Ti 0.005-0.015％,Si≤0.2％,Fe≤0.2％,Cu≤0.1％, and the balance of Al and unavoidable other impurities. The manufacturing method sequentially comprises the steps of smelting and preparing aluminum alloy liquid, in-furnace degassing and deslagging, on-line grain refinement outside the furnace, on-line degassing and filtering outside the furnace, oil-gas slip casting, high-temperature homogenization treatment, extrusion forming, on-line quenching, stretching and straightening and artificial aging. The tensile strength of the aluminum alloy section is more than or equal to 360MPa, the yield strength is more than or equal to 320MPa, the elongation after breaking is more than or equal to 16%, the three-point bending stroke is 320mm without cracks, the average pressure bending force is more than or equal to 37KN, and the energy absorption is more than or equal to 11.8KJ. The aluminum alloy section has uniform and stable structure performance, has excellent impact resistance and energy absorption effects, and meets the requirement of light weight of an automobile anti-collision beam on high-performance aluminum alloy section.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy profile preparation, and particularly relates to a high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy profile for an automobile anti-collision beam and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
The weight of the automobile is reduced as much as possible under the premise of ensuring the strength and the safety of the automobile, the dynamic property of the automobile is improved, the energy consumption is reduced, and the emission is reduced. The light weight is an important development direction of automobile technology in the world, and has important significance for sustainable development of automobile industry. The aluminum alloy section has the advantages of low density, high specific strength, corrosion resistance, easy processing and forming, recycling and the like, is an important material for automobile light weight, and is widely applied to anti-collision beams, battery boxes, motor shells, threshold beams, chassis longitudinal beams, skylight guide rails, luggage racks and the like of automobiles.
The anti-collision beam is an important safety device which is arranged at the front and rear parts of the automobile and is used for absorbing and buffering external impact force. When the automobile collides at a low speed, the collision-preventing beam transmits the collision force to the energy-absorbing boxes at the two ends, the collision-preventing beam and the energy-absorbing boxes absorb collision energy together through plastic deformation, the damage of external impact force to the automobile body is reduced, the protection effect is achieved on the automobile, and the maintenance cost of the automobile is reduced. When the automobile collides at a high speed, the anti-collision beam transmits the collision force to the longitudinal beam of the automobile body, so that the whole automobile body absorbs collision energy to protect the safety of drivers and passengers.
In the collision process of automobiles, the anti-collision beam transmits and absorbs external impact force through self elastoplastic deformation, so that the anti-collision beam has extremely high comprehensive performance requirements on aluminum alloy sections, and has higher strength to play a role in transmitting impact force, and the strength cannot be too high and must be matched with the weight of the automobile body. Secondly, good plasticity is required, and when the impact is applied, the impact energy can be absorbed by rapidly generating plastic deformation and delaying fracture. In addition, the anti-collision Liang Lv alloy profile is required to have good corrosion resistance and fatigue resistance so as to improve the service life of the automobile.
The patent application with publication number CN104018038A discloses an aluminum alloy for an automobile anti-collision beam and a manufacturing method of the product, wherein the aluminum alloy comprises ：Zn 6.5-6.8％,Mg0.9-1.1％,Cu 0.2-0.3％,Zr 0.15-0.2％,Mn 0.1-0.15％,Ti 0.01-0.02％,Cr≤0.05％,Fe≤0.25％,Si≤0.2％, mass percent of the components and the balance of Al. The tensile strength of the automobile anti-collision beam manufactured by the patent reaches more than 420MPa, the yield strength can be stably controlled between 390 and 420MPa, and the elongation after break is more than 10 percent.
The patent application with publication number CN107236881A discloses an aluminum alloy for a high-performance low-cost automobile anti-collision beam and a preparation process thereof, wherein the mass percentage of each element in the aluminum alloy is ：Si0.51-0.68％,Mg 0.8-0.9％,Cu 0.15-0.3％,Mn 0.02-0.04％,Cr 0.05-0.09％,Ti 0.01-0.02％,(Zr、B)0.02-0.03％,Li 0.03-0.05％,(Na、K、Ca)0.01-0.02％, as follows, and the balance is Al. The preparation process comprises the steps of heating a die, an extrusion cylinder and an ingot, extrusion molding, solution treatment, quenching treatment, stretching straightening and aging treatment, wherein the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy profile is 360-370MPa.
The patent application with publication number CN104561853A discloses an extrusion production process and a product of an aluminum alloy anti-collision beam for an automobile, wherein the extrusion production process comprises the following steps: (1) preheating: preheating an aluminum alloy ingot to be extruded to 490-530 ℃, (2) extruding: controlling the extrusion speed to be 5-8m/min, controlling the outlet temperature of a profile extrusion die to be 530-550 ℃, (3) quenching on line: cooling the extruded profile at an average speed of 15-18 ℃/s. The yield strength of the 6000-series aluminum alloy automobile anti-collision beam prepared by the method is 180-210MPa, the tensile strength is more than or equal to 200MPa, the elongation after fracture is more than or equal to 12%, and the bending angle is more than or equal to 160 degrees.
From the results of production practice and document data retrieval, the aluminum alloy section manufactured by the prior art still has the problems of insufficient strength, plasticity, corrosion resistance and fatigue resistance or low fatigue resistance, and the like, and the requirement of the light weight of the automobile anti-collision beam on the high-performance aluminum alloy section is difficult to meet. Therefore, the existing automobile crash-proof Liang Lv alloy section and the manufacturing method thereof still need to be improved and developed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and the defects, and provides a high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy section bar for an automobile anti-collision beam and a manufacturing method thereof, wherein the strength, plasticity, corrosion resistance and fatigue resistance of the automobile anti-collision Liang Lv alloy section bar are improved through scientific design of the composition and manufacturing process of the aluminum alloy section bar, and the requirements of the light weight of the automobile anti-collision beam on the high-performance aluminum alloy section bar are met.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
The invention provides a high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy section for an automobile anti-collision beam, which is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass ：Zn 4.6-5.4％,Mg0.8-1.6％,Mn 0.1-0.5％,Cr 0.05-0.15％,Zr 0.05-0.15％,Ti 0.005-0.015％,Si≤0.2％,Fe≤0.2％,Cu≤0.1％,, wherein the balance of Al and unavoidable other impurities is less than or equal to 0.05% singly, and the total amount of the other impurities is less than or equal to 0.15%.
Zn and Mg are main strengthening elements of the aluminum alloy section, and besides the solid solution strengthening effect of Zn and Mg in the aluminum alloy section, mgZn 2 phases can be separated out in the aging process, so that the strength of the aluminum alloy section is obviously improved. The contents of Zn and Mg are too low, and the strength of the aluminum alloy profile is insufficient. The Zn and Mg contents are not too high, otherwise, the extrusion difficulty of the aluminum alloy section is increased, and the plasticity and corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy section are reduced.
Mn, cr and Zr can respectively form compound dispersion particles such as MnAl 6、FeMnAl6、CrFeAl7、CrMnAl12、ZrAl3 and the like in the aluminum alloy, firstly, the crystal grains of the aluminum alloy casting rod can be thinned, secondly, the recrystallization process of the extruded aluminum alloy can be prevented, the recrystallization temperature can be increased, the growth of the recrystallized crystal grains can be prevented, and the crystal grains of the extruded aluminum alloy profile can be thinned. Finally, part of Fe element can be melted, so that the harm of impurity element Fe is reduced.
Ti is added into the aluminum alloy liquid in the form of Al5Ti1B alloy wire or Al5Ti0.2C alloy wire, and has the main functions of refining the crystal grains of the aluminum alloy casting rod and improving the structural uniformity and the extrusion performance of the aluminum alloy casting rod. The Ti content is too low, and the grain refining effect on the aluminum alloy casting rod is not obvious. The Ti content is too high, and the grain refining effect is not obviously increased, but the production cost is increased.
Si and Fe are common impurity elements in aluminum alloys, and when Si content is greater than Fe content, si and Fe generally form an iron-rich phase β -FeSiAl 3、β-Fe2Si2Al9. When the Fe content is greater than the Si content, si and Fe form an iron-rich phase α -Fe 2SiAl8、α-Fe3Si2Al12 phase. The influence of the alpha iron-rich phase on the performance of the aluminum alloy section is small, and the influence of the beta iron-rich phase is large, so that the strength, plasticity, corrosion resistance and fatigue resistance of the aluminum alloy section can be reduced, the deformation resistance of a casting rod can be increased, and the extrusion difficulty of the aluminum alloy section can be increased. Therefore, the contents of the impurity elements Si and Fe must be strictly controlled.
Cu has solid solution strengthening effect in aluminum alloy, and can separate out CuAl 2 phase to obviously enhance the strength of aluminum alloy section. Although the Cu element has good strengthening effect, the quenching sensitivity and stress corrosion tendency of the aluminum alloy section are also increased, and therefore, the Cu content also has to be strictly controlled.
The invention provides a manufacturing method of a high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy section bar for an automobile anti-collision beam, which is characterized by comprising the following steps in sequence:
(1) Smelting and preparing aluminum alloy liquid according to the component composition and the mass percentage of the aluminum alloy section;
(2) Adopting inert gas and a refining agent to carry out blowing refining deslagging treatment on aluminum alloy liquid in a furnace, then removing scum on the surface of the aluminum alloy liquid, and scattering a covering agent on the surface of the aluminum alloy liquid;
(3) Introducing inert gas into the aluminum alloy liquid in the furnace through the air brick arranged at the bottom of the furnace to carry out refining and dehydrogenation treatment;
(4) Introducing aluminum alloy liquid into a launder, and then adding a grain refiner into the aluminum alloy liquid in the launder to carry out grain refining treatment;
(5) The aluminum alloy liquid subjected to grain refinement treatment flows through a degassing tank arranged on a launder to carry out deep dehydrogenation treatment;
(6) Allowing the aluminum alloy liquid subjected to deep dehydrogenation treatment to flow through a deep bed filter box or a tubular filter box arranged on a launder for filtration treatment;
(7) The aluminum alloy liquid is semicontinuously cast into an aluminum alloy casting rod by adopting an oil-gas sliding semicontinuous casting machine;
(8) Carrying out high-temperature homogenization treatment on the aluminum alloy casting rod, and then spraying water mist to cool to room temperature;
(9) Heating an aluminum alloy casting rod, extruding the aluminum alloy casting rod into an aluminum alloy section on an extruder, and cooling the aluminum alloy section to room temperature for stretching and straightening;
(10) And (3) carrying out artificial aging treatment on the aluminum alloy section, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy section for the automobile anti-collision beam.
The hydrogen holes and the inclusions are common defects in the aluminum alloy section, can fracture an aluminum matrix, damage the tissue continuity of the aluminum alloy section, cause local stress concentration, become crack sources and crack propagation directions of the aluminum alloy section fracture, seriously reduce the strength, the plasticity and the fatigue resistance of the aluminum alloy section, form a micro corrosion battery and reduce the corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy section. Therefore, in order to obtain an automotive anti-collision Liang Lv alloy profile with high strength, high plasticity, corrosion resistance and fatigue resistance, the cleanliness of the aluminum alloy profile must be improved.
Preferably, in the step (2), the inert gas is argon with the purity of more than or equal to 99.9% or nitrogen with the purity of more than or equal to 99.9%, the consumption of the refining agent is 0.2-0.4% of the weight of the aluminum alloy liquid, and the blowing refining time is 20-30 minutes.
The higher the purity of the inert gas, the less water vapor is contained, which is beneficial to reducing the gas content of the aluminum alloy liquid in the furnace. The blowing refining adopts a powder spraying tank and a stainless steel pipe, takes inert gas as a carrier, blows a powdery refining agent into the aluminum alloy liquid, enables the refining agent to fully contact and react with the aluminum alloy liquid, brings impurities in the aluminum alloy liquid to float up to the liquid level, achieves the deslagging effect, and has a certain dehydrogenation effect. The amount and refining time of the refining agent are closely related to the quality of the refining agent, and the higher the quality of the refining agent is, the smaller the amount and the smaller the refining time can be.
Preferably, the preparation method of the ：ZnCl2 40-50％,K2CO3 20-30％,NaNO3 5-10％,KF 8-13％,K2SO4 5-8％,Li2SO4 3-5％, refining agent which is formed by the following components in percentage by mass in the step (2) sequentially comprises the following steps: (1) ZnCl 2、K2CO3、NaNO3、KF、K2SO4、Li2SO4 with the purity more than or equal to 99.8 percent is selected as a raw material for batching; (2) Heating and melting raw materials at 1150-1200 ℃ under the protection of argon with purity more than or equal to 99.99%, and then cooling and solidifying the block refining agent; (3) And (3) crushing the block refining agent into powder with the particle size less than or equal to 2 mm to obtain the refining agent.
The cleanliness of the aluminum alloy liquid in the furnace affects the cleanliness of the final aluminum alloy cast rod, and the cleanliness of the aluminum alloy liquid in the furnace is closely related to the quality of the refining agent. The existing refining agent is mainly prepared by directly crushing and mixing raw materials such as sodium salt, fluoride salt, chloride salt, hexachloroethane and the like, and does not exert interaction among the raw materials, so that the refining agent has high melting point, low slag removal efficiency and slag removal rate of 30-40 percent. In order to improve the cleanliness of aluminum alloy liquid in a furnace, the inventor develops a more efficient and environment-friendly refining agent through a large number of experimental researches, the refining agent takes ZnCl 2 as a main component, a small amount of K 2CO3、NaNO3、KF、K2SO4、Li2SO4 is matched, raw materials are heated and melted at 1150-1200 ℃ under the protection of high-purity argon, then are cooled, solidified and crushed into a powdery refining agent, the melting point of ZnCl 2 in the refining agent is 290 ℃, and the melting point of NaNO 3 is 306.8 ℃, so that the refining agent is very easy to melt in the aluminum alloy liquid. K 2CO3 has a melting point of 891 ℃, KF has a melting point of 858 ℃, K 2SO4 has a melting point of 1069 ℃, li 2SO4 has a melting point of 859 ℃, and K 2CO3、KF、K2SO4、Li2SO4 has a higher melting point, but K 2CO3 and KF can form KF.K 2CO3 eutectic with a melting point of 688 ℃ only by melting and solidifying crystallization, K 2SO4 and Li 2SO4 can form K 2SO4·Li2SO4 eutectic with a melting point of 716 ℃ only, so that the melting point of the refining agent is further greatly reduced, the refining agent is easier to melt in the aluminum alloy liquid, wherein ZnCl 2 decomposes Cl 2,K2CO3, CO 2,NaNO3 decomposes N 2、CO2 and NO gas, a large number of bubbles capture impurities in the aluminum alloy liquid in the floating process, and the efficient deslagging effect is achieved. The K 2SO4·Li2SO4 eutectic is melted into liquid molten salt, which has good wetting spheroidization effect on inclusions such as alumina, promotes the separation of the inclusions and aluminum liquid, can further improve the deslagging efficiency, and has the deslagging rate of 50 percent. In addition, the refining agent does not contain sodium salt and hexachloroethane, only contains a small amount of fluoride salt, and is more environment-friendly to use.
Preferably, the inert gas in the step (3) is argon with the purity of more than or equal to 99.99% or nitrogen with the purity of more than or equal to 99.99%, the flow rate of the inert gas is 0.3-0.6 cubic meters per minute, and the ventilation time is 10-20 minutes.
The degassing of the furnace bottom air brick is to install a plurality of air bricks with a large number of holes at the bottom of an aluminum melting furnace, then to introduce inert gas into the aluminum alloy liquid in the furnace through the air bricks, the inert gas is decomposed into tiny and uniform small bubbles after passing through the porous air bricks, the small bubbles capture hydrogen in the aluminum alloy liquid in the floating process, and then the aluminum alloy liquid is floated up to play a role in removing hydrogen. Because the bottom of the aluminum melting furnace is uniformly provided with a plurality of air bricks, the air bubbles are uniformly distributed in the aluminum alloy liquid, and the inert gas bubbles have stirring effect on the aluminum alloy liquid when floating upwards, so that the dehydrogenation efficiency is improved, and dead angles are avoided. The hydrogen content of the aluminum alloy liquid in the furnace can be reduced to below 0.2ml/100gAl by refining and removing hydrogen in the furnace through the air brick, so that the cleanliness of the aluminum alloy liquid in the furnace is greatly improved.
Preferably, in the step (4), the grain refiner is an Al5Ti1B alloy wire or an Al5Ti0.2C alloy wire, and the addition amount of the grain refiner is 0.1-0.3% of the weight of the aluminum alloy liquid.
The grain refiner is slowly added into the aluminum alloy liquid according to the flow of the aluminum alloy liquid in the launder by adopting a wire feeder, so that the grain refining effect of the grain refiner can be exerted to the greatest extent, the grain structure of the aluminum alloy casting rod is obviously refined, and the structure uniformity of the aluminum alloy casting rod is improved. Generally, the larger the addition amount of the grain refiner is, the better the grain refining effect is, but too much grain refiner is added, the refining effect is not increased proportionally, but the production cost is increased. Thus, the addition amount of the grain refiner should be reasonably selected according to the characteristics of the aluminum alloy and the grade of the aluminum product.
Preferably, in the step (5), the rotating speed of the graphite rotor in the degassing tank is 430-450 r/min, the gas flow rate on the graphite rotor is 4-5 cubic meters/h, and the gas pressure is 0.3-0.5MPa.
Preferably, the gas introduced into the degassing tank in the step (5) is argon with the purity of more than or equal to 99.99%, or nitrogen with the purity of more than or equal to 99.99%, or mixed gas composed of argon with the purity of more than or equal to 99.99%, or nitrogen with the purity of more than or equal to 99.99% and chlorine with the purity of more than or equal to 99.99%, and the volume percentage of the chlorine in the mixed gas is 1-2%.
The dehydrogenation of the degassing tank is that a graphite rotor rotating at high speed in the degassing tank breaks mixed gas consisting of argon, nitrogen or chlorine-containing gas into tiny bubbles and enters the aluminum alloy liquid, and hydrogen atoms in the aluminum alloy liquid are continuously diffused into the bubbles by utilizing partial pressure difference of hydrogen between the aluminum alloy liquid and the bubbles and then float upwards along with the bubbles to escape from the aluminum alloy liquid, so that the dehydrogenation effect is achieved. After the dehydrogenation of the degassing tank, the hydrogen content of the aluminum alloy liquid can be reduced to below 0.1ml/100gAl, thereby greatly improving the cleanliness of the aluminum alloy liquid.
The filter medium of the deep-bed filter box in the step (6) is formed by stacking alumina balls or particles with different particle diameters layer by layer according to a certain proportion, and the removal rate of impurities with the particle diameter of more than 5 mu m in the filtered aluminum alloy liquid can reach more than 95 percent. The filter medium of the tubular filter box is a ceramic tube formed by sintering silicon nitride ceramic particles with the particle size of 2-6mm and a binder at high temperature, a large number of zigzag pores are formed in the ceramic tube, and when aluminum alloy liquid flows through the ceramic filter tube, impurities are adsorbed or blocked on the surface of the ceramic filter tube and the inner walls of the pores, so that the filtering and deslagging effects are achieved. The removal rate of the impurities above 5 mu m in the aluminum alloy liquid after filtration can reach above 98 percent. The deep-bed filtration and the tubular filtration belong to high-precision filtration, and the deep-bed filtration or the tubular filtration is selected according to the specific requirements of aluminum products, but the filtering effect of the deep-bed filtration or the tubular filtration is far better than that of a foam ceramic plate, so that the cleanliness of the aluminum alloy casting rod can be greatly improved.
Preferably, the temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid in the step (7) is 680-720 ℃, the semi-continuous casting speed is 100-200 mm/min, and the cooling water temperature is less than or equal to 40 ℃.
The oil gas is introduced into the graphite ring in the casting crystallizer to form a layer of oil gas film between the graphite ring and the aluminum alloy liquid, and the thickness of a segregation layer on the surface of the casting rod is greatly reduced by reducing the chilling of the aluminum alloy liquid, so that the aluminum alloy casting rod with a smooth surface is obtained. In order to obtain high quality aluminum alloy cast bars, strict adherence to the operating regulations of semi-continuous casting and strict control of the process parameters of semi-continuous casting are required in order to prevent accidents of aluminum leakage.
Preferably, the high temperature homogenization in step (8) is carried out at a heating temperature of 580-590 ℃ for a heating time of 8-10 hours.
The high-temperature homogenization treatment is carried out on the aluminum alloy casting rod, so that coarse intermetallic compounds in the casting rod are melted, macro-micro component segregation and internal stress in the casting rod are eliminated, the uniformity of tissue components of the aluminum alloy casting rod is further improved, the deformation resistance of the aluminum alloy casting rod is reduced, the extrusion speed of aluminum materials is improved, and the performance and quality of aluminum alloy sections can be further improved. The heating temperature is low or the heating time is short, resulting in insufficient homogenization. Too high heating temperature can cause excessive burning of the aluminum alloy casting rod, and can reduce extrusion performance of the casting rod and performance of the aluminum alloy section bar.
Preferably, in the step (9), the heating temperature of the aluminum alloy casting rod is 500-530 ℃, the heating temperature of the extruding die is 450-480 ℃, the heating temperature of the extruding cylinder is 410-440 ℃, the extruding ratio is 5-15, the extruding speed is 1-5mm/s, the cooling refers to cooling by blowing strong wind or cooling by spraying water mist, and the deformation amount of the stretch straightening is 0.5-2%.
Extrusion is an important procedure in the production of aluminum alloy sections, not only ensuring the shape and size of the aluminum alloy sections, but also controlling the structure and performance of the aluminum alloy sections, which requires reasonable matching of extrusion process parameters, in particular the temperature, extrusion ratio and extrusion speed of aluminum bars. The heating temperature of the aluminum bar is too high, the extrusion ratio is too large or the extrusion speed is too high, coarse crystals can appear in the aluminum alloy section, and the mechanical property and the corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy section can be deteriorated. The aluminum bar is heated at too low temperature or the extrusion speed is too low, and the temperature of the machine is closed or the temperature of the aluminum alloy profile at the outlet is insufficient. The extruded aluminum alloy profile is rapidly cooled to obtain supersaturated solid solution, so that the aging strengthening effect is enhanced.
Preferably, the artificial aging in the step (10) is to heat the aluminum alloy section for 6-8 hours at 100-120 ℃, then raise the temperature to 140-160 ℃ and continue heating for 4-5 hours.
Artificial aging is an important measure for further improving the strength of aluminum alloy sections. The aluminum alloy profile is heated for 6-8 hours at 100-120 ℃, then heated to 140-160 ℃ and continuously heated for 4-5 hours for double-stage artificial aging, so that the strength of the aluminum alloy profile can be improved to the greatest extent, and the aluminum alloy profile has good plasticity and corrosion resistance.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: according to the invention, the component composition and the manufacturing process of the aluminum alloy section are scientifically designed, the cleanliness of the aluminum alloy section is improved, the aluminum alloy section with fine and uniform grains is obtained, the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy section is more than or equal to 360MPa, the yield strength is more than or equal to 320MPa, the elongation after break is more than or equal to 16%, the three-point bending stroke 320mm aluminum alloy section has no crack, the average pressure bending force is more than or equal to 37KN, the energy absorption is more than or equal to 11.8KJ, the excellent impact resistance and energy absorption effects are achieved, and the requirement of light weight of an automobile anti-collision beam on the high-performance aluminum alloy section is met.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a photograph of a metallographic microstructure of an aluminum alloy section of example 1.
Fig. 2 is a photograph of a metallographic microstructure of the aluminum alloy section of example 2.
Fig. 3 is a photograph of a metallographic microstructure of the aluminum alloy section of example 3.
Fig. 4 is a photograph of a metallographic microstructure of the aluminum alloy section of example 4.
Fig. 5 is a photograph of a metallographic microstructure of the aluminum alloy section of comparative example 1.
Fig. 6 is a photograph of a metallographic microstructure of the aluminum alloy section of comparative example 4.
Fig. 7 is a photograph of the three-point bending profile of the aluminum alloy profile of example 1.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be further described with reference to the specific embodiments, comparative examples and drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and other variations of the disclosed embodiments, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art, should fall within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
Example 1
The high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy section bar for the automobile anti-collision beam comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 4.9% of Zn, 1.1% of Mg, 0.36% of Mn, 0.08% of Cr, 0.06% of Zr, 0.01% of Ti, 0.13% of Si, 0.15% of Fe, 0.08% of Cu, the balance of Al and unavoidable other impurities, wherein the total amount of other impurities is less than or equal to 0.05%, and the manufacturing method sequentially comprises the following steps:
(1) Smelting and preparing aluminum alloy liquid according to the component composition and the mass percentage of the aluminum alloy section;
(2) Adopting argon with the purity of 99.99 percent and a refining agent with the weight of 0.3 percent to carry out slag removal treatment on the aluminum alloy liquid in the furnace by blowing and refining for 25 minutes, then removing scum on the surface of the aluminum alloy liquid, and scattering a covering agent on the surface of the aluminum alloy liquid;
(3) Introducing argon with the purity of 99.99% into the aluminum alloy liquid in the furnace through the air brick arranged at the bottom of the furnace, refining for 15 minutes, and carrying out dehydrogenation treatment, wherein the flow rate of the argon is 0.5 cubic meter/minute;
(4) Introducing an aluminum alloy liquid into a launder, and then adding Al5Ti1B alloy wires accounting for 0.2% of the weight of the aluminum alloy liquid into the aluminum alloy liquid in the launder to carry out grain refinement treatment;
(5) The aluminum alloy liquid subjected to grain refinement treatment flows through a degassing tank arranged on a launder to be subjected to deep dehydrogenation treatment, the rotating speed of a graphite rotor in the degassing tank is 440 revolutions per minute, the flow rate of argon on the graphite rotor is 4.5 cubic meters per hour, the pressure of the argon is 0.4MPa, and the purity of the argon is more than or equal to 99.99%;
(6) Allowing the aluminum alloy liquid subjected to deep dehydrogenation treatment to flow through a deep bed filter box or a tubular filter box arranged on a launder for filtration treatment;
(7) Adopting an oil-gas sliding semi-continuous casting machine to cast the aluminum alloy liquid into an aluminum alloy casting rod in a semi-continuous way under the conditions that the temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid is 700 ℃, the casting speed is 160 mm/min and the temperature of cooling water is 30 ℃;
(8) Heating an aluminum alloy casting rod at 585 ℃ for 9 hours to carry out high-temperature homogenization treatment, and then cooling the aluminum alloy casting rod to room temperature by spraying water mist;
(9) Heating an aluminum alloy casting rod to 515 ℃, extruding the aluminum alloy casting rod into an aluminum alloy section under the conditions that the heating temperature of a die is 460 ℃, the heating temperature of an extrusion cylinder is 430 ℃, the extrusion ratio is 10 and the extrusion speed is 2.5mm/s, blowing strong wind to cool the aluminum alloy section to room temperature, and then stretching and straightening, wherein the deformation of the stretching and straightening is 1%;
(10) And heating the aluminum alloy section bar at 110 ℃ for 7 hours, then heating to 150 ℃ and continuously heating for 4.5 hours to perform artificial aging treatment, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy section bar for the automobile anti-collision beam.
The preparation method of the refining agent in the step (2) comprises the following components in percentage by mass ：ZnCl2 44.5％,K2CO325.4％,NaNO3 8.9％,KF 11.2％,K2SO4 6.9％,Li2SO4 3.1％,, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps in sequence: (1) ZnCl 2、K2CO3、NaNO3、KF、K2SO4、Li2SO4 with the purity more than or equal to 99.8 percent is selected as a raw material for batching; (2) Heating and melting raw materials at 1170 ℃ under the protection of argon with purity more than or equal to 99.99%, and then cooling and solidifying the block refining agent; (3) And (3) crushing the block refining agent into powder with the particle size less than or equal to 2mm to obtain the refining agent.
Example 2
The high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy section bar for the automobile anti-collision beam comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5.4% of Zn, 0.8% of Mg, 0.5% of Mn, 0.05% of Cr, 0.05% of Zr, 0.015% of Ti, 0.12% of Si, 0.14% of Fe, 0.05% of Cu, the balance of Al and unavoidable other impurities, wherein the total of other impurities is less than or equal to 0.05%, and the manufacturing method sequentially comprises the following steps:
(1) Smelting and preparing aluminum alloy liquid according to the component composition and the mass percentage of the aluminum alloy section;
(2) Adopting nitrogen with the purity of 99.99 percent and a refining agent with the weight of 0.2 percent to carry out slag removal treatment on the aluminum alloy liquid in the furnace by blowing and refining for 20 minutes, then removing scum on the surface of the aluminum alloy liquid, and scattering a covering agent on the surface of the aluminum alloy liquid;
(3) Introducing nitrogen with the purity of 99.99% into the aluminum alloy liquid in the furnace through the air brick arranged at the bottom of the furnace, refining for 20 minutes, and carrying out dehydrogenation treatment, wherein the flow rate of the nitrogen is 0.3 cubic meter/minute;
(4) Introducing aluminum alloy liquid into a launder, and then adding Al5Ti0.2C alloy wires accounting for 0.3% of the weight of the aluminum alloy liquid into the aluminum alloy liquid in the launder to carry out grain refinement treatment;
(5) The aluminum alloy liquid subjected to grain refinement treatment flows through a degassing tank arranged on a launder to be subjected to deep dehydrogenation treatment, the rotating speed of a graphite rotor in the degassing tank is 450 r/min, the flow rate of nitrogen on the graphite rotor is 4 cubic meters/h, the pressure of the nitrogen is 0.3MPa, and the purity of the nitrogen is 99.99%;
(6) Allowing the aluminum alloy liquid subjected to deep dehydrogenation treatment to flow through a deep bed filter box or a tubular filter box arranged on a launder for filtration treatment;
(7) Adopting an oil-gas sliding semi-continuous casting machine to cast the aluminum alloy liquid into an aluminum alloy casting rod in a semi-continuous way under the conditions that the temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid is 720 ℃, the casting speed is 100 mm/min and the temperature of cooling water is 25 ℃;
(8) Heating the aluminum alloy casting rod at 580 ℃ for 10 hours to carry out high-temperature homogenization treatment, and then cooling the aluminum alloy casting rod to room temperature by spraying water mist;
(9) Heating an aluminum alloy casting rod to 500 ℃, extruding the aluminum alloy casting rod into an aluminum alloy section under the conditions that the heating temperature of a die is 450 ℃, the heating temperature of an extrusion cylinder is 440 ℃, the extrusion ratio is 5 and the extrusion speed is 5mm/s, spraying water mist to cool the aluminum alloy section to room temperature, and then stretching and straightening, wherein the stretching and straightening deformation is 0.5%;
(10) And heating the aluminum alloy section bar at 120 ℃ for 6 hours, then heating to 140 ℃ for 5 hours, continuing to heat for artificial aging treatment, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy section bar for the automobile anti-collision beam.
The preparation method of the refining agent in the step (2) comprises the following components in percentage by mass ：ZnCl2 49.8％,K2CO324.1％,NaNO3 5.2％,KF 8.4％,K2SO4 7.8％,Li2SO4 4.7％,, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps in sequence: (1) ZnCl 2、K2CO3、NaNO3、KF、K2SO4、Li2SO4 with the purity more than or equal to 99.8 percent is selected as a raw material for batching; (2) Heating and melting raw materials at 1150 ℃ under the protection of argon with purity more than or equal to 99.99%, and then cooling and solidifying the block refining agent; (3) And (3) crushing the block refining agent into powder with the particle size less than or equal to 2mm to obtain the refining agent.
Example 3
The high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy section bar for the automobile anti-collision beam comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 4.6% of Zn, 1.6% of Mg, 0.1% of Mn, 0.15% of Cr, 0.15% of Zr, 0.005% of Ti, 0.09% of Si, 0.2% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.1% of Cu, the balance of Al and unavoidable impurities, less than or equal to 0.05% of other impurities, less than or equal to 0.15% of other impurities in total, and the manufacturing method sequentially comprises the following steps:
(1) Smelting and preparing aluminum alloy liquid according to the component composition and the mass percentage of the aluminum alloy section;
(2) Adopting argon with the purity of 99.9 percent and a refining agent with the weight of 0.4 percent to carry out slag removal treatment on the aluminum alloy liquid in the furnace by blowing and refining for 30 minutes, then removing scum on the surface of the aluminum alloy liquid, and scattering a covering agent on the surface of the aluminum alloy liquid;
(3) Introducing argon with the purity of 99.99% into the aluminum alloy liquid in the furnace through the air brick arranged at the bottom of the furnace, refining for 10 minutes, and carrying out dehydrogenation treatment, wherein the flow rate of the argon is 0.5 cubic meter/min;
(4) Introducing an aluminum alloy liquid into a launder, and then adding Al5Ti1B alloy wires accounting for 0.1% of the weight of the aluminum alloy liquid into the aluminum alloy liquid in the launder to carry out grain refinement treatment;
(5) The aluminum alloy liquid subjected to grain refinement treatment flows through a degassing tank arranged on a launder to be subjected to deep dehydrogenation treatment, the rotating speed of a graphite rotor in the degassing tank is 440 revolutions per minute, the gas flow rate on the graphite rotor is 4.5 cubic meters per hour, the gas pressure is 0.4MPa, the gas is mixed gas consisting of argon with the purity of 99.99% and chlorine with the purity of 99.99%, and the volume percentage of the chlorine in the mixed gas is 1%;
(6) Allowing the aluminum alloy liquid subjected to deep dehydrogenation treatment to flow through a deep bed filter box or a tubular filter box arranged on a launder for filtration treatment;
(7) Adopting an oil-gas sliding semi-continuous casting machine to cast the aluminum alloy liquid into an aluminum alloy casting rod in a semi-continuous way under the conditions that the temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid is 690 ℃, the casting speed is 200 mm/min and the cooling water temperature is 20 ℃;
(8) Heating an aluminum alloy casting rod at 585 ℃ for 9 hours to carry out high-temperature homogenization treatment, and then cooling the aluminum alloy casting rod to room temperature by spraying water mist;
(9) Heating an aluminum alloy casting rod to 530 ℃, extruding the aluminum alloy casting rod into an aluminum alloy section under the conditions that the heating temperature of a die is 450 ℃, the heating temperature of an extrusion cylinder is 410 ℃, the extrusion ratio is 15, the extrusion speed is 1mm/s, blowing strong wind to cool the aluminum alloy section to room temperature, and then stretching and straightening, wherein the stretching and straightening deformation is 1.5%;
(10) And heating the aluminum alloy section bar at 100 ℃ for 8 hours, then heating to 160 ℃ and continuously heating for 4 hours to perform artificial aging treatment, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy section bar for the automobile anti-collision beam.
The preparation method of the refining agent in the step (2) comprises the following components in percentage by mass ：ZnCl2 40％,K2CO3 29％,NaNO3 10％,KF 13％,K2SO4 5％,Li2SO4 3％,, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps in sequence: (1) ZnCl 2、K2CO3、NaNO3、KF、K2SO4、Li2SO4 with the purity more than or equal to 99.8 percent is selected as a raw material for batching; (2) Heating and melting raw materials at 1200 ℃ under the protection of argon with purity more than or equal to 99.99%, and then cooling and solidifying the block refining agent; (3) And (3) crushing the block refining agent into powder with the particle size less than or equal to 2 mm to obtain the refining agent.
Example 4
The high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy section bar for the automobile anti-collision beam comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5.2% of Zn, 1.1% of Mg, 0.2% of Mn, 0.12% of Cr, 0.14% of Zr, 0.01% of Ti, 0.2% of Si, 0.11% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.1% of Cu, the balance of Al and unavoidable impurities, less than or equal to 0.05% of other impurities, less than or equal to 0.15% of other impurities in total, and the manufacturing method sequentially comprises the following steps:
(1) Smelting and preparing aluminum alloy liquid according to the component composition and the mass percentage of the aluminum alloy section;
(2) Adopting nitrogen with the purity of 99.9% and a refining agent with the weight of 0.3% of the aluminum alloy liquid to carry out slag removal treatment on the aluminum alloy liquid in the furnace by blowing refining for 25 minutes, then removing scum on the surface of the aluminum alloy liquid, and scattering a covering agent on the surface of the aluminum alloy liquid;
(3) Introducing nitrogen with the purity of 99.99% into the aluminum alloy liquid in the furnace through the air brick arranged at the bottom of the furnace, refining for 18 minutes, and carrying out dehydrogenation treatment, wherein the flow rate of the nitrogen is 0.4 cubic meter/min;
(4) Introducing aluminum alloy liquid into a launder, and then adding Al5Ti0.2C alloy wires accounting for 0.2% of the weight of the aluminum alloy liquid into the aluminum alloy liquid in the launder to carry out grain refinement treatment;
(5) The aluminum alloy liquid subjected to grain refinement treatment flows through a degassing tank arranged on a launder to be subjected to deep dehydrogenation treatment, the rotating speed of a graphite rotor in the degassing tank is 430 revolutions per minute, the flow rate of gas on the graphite rotor is 5 cubic meters per hour, the gas pressure is 0.3MPa, the gas is mixed gas consisting of nitrogen with the purity of 99.99% and chlorine with the purity of 99.99%, and the volume percentage of the chlorine in the mixed gas is 2%;
(6) Allowing the aluminum alloy liquid subjected to deep dehydrogenation treatment to flow through a deep bed filter box or a tubular filter box arranged on a launder for filtration treatment;
(7) Adopting an oil-gas sliding semi-continuous casting machine to cast the aluminum alloy liquid into an aluminum alloy casting rod in a semi-continuous way under the conditions that the temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid is 680 ℃, the casting speed is 120 mm/min and the temperature of cooling water is 15 ℃;
(8) Heating an aluminum alloy casting rod at 590 ℃ for 8 hours to carry out high-temperature homogenization treatment, and then cooling the aluminum alloy casting rod to room temperature by spraying water mist;
(9) Heating an aluminum alloy casting rod to 520 ℃, extruding the aluminum alloy casting rod into an aluminum alloy section under the conditions that the heating temperature of a die is 460 ℃, the heating temperature of an extrusion cylinder is 420 ℃, the extrusion ratio is 8, the extrusion speed is 3mm/s, blowing strong wind to room temperature, and then stretching and straightening, wherein the stretching and straightening deformation is 1%;
(10) And heating the aluminum alloy section bar at 105 ℃ for 7 hours, then heating to 155 ℃ and continuously heating for 4.5 hours for artificial aging treatment, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy section bar for the automobile anti-collision beam.
The preparation method of the refining agent in the step (2) comprises the following components in percentage by mass ：ZnCl2 43％,K2CO3 30％,NaNO3 7％,KF 10％,K2SO4 6％,Li2SO4 4％,, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps in sequence: (1) ZnCl 2、K2CO3、NaNO3、KF、K2SO4、Li2SO4 with the purity more than or equal to 99.8 percent is selected as a raw material for batching; (2) Heating and melting raw materials at 1180 ℃ under the protection of argon with the purity of more than or equal to 99.99%, and then cooling and solidifying the block refining agent; (3) And (3) crushing the block refining agent into powder with the particle size less than or equal to 2 mm to obtain the refining agent.
Comparative example 1
The manufacturing process of the aluminum alloy profile is the same as that of the embodiment 1, except that Cr and Zr are not added into the aluminum alloy profile, and the aluminum alloy profile consists of the following components in percentage by mass: 4.9% of Zn, 1.1% of Mg, 0.36% of Mn, 0.01% of Ti, 0.13% of Si, 0.15% of Fe, 0.08% of Cu, the balance of Al and unavoidable impurities, wherein the single content of other impurities is less than or equal to 0.05%, the total content of other impurities is less than or equal to 0.15%,
Comparative example 2
The components and manufacturing process of the aluminum alloy profile are the same as those of the example 2, except that the refining agent used in the step (2) is a commercially available refining agent commonly used at present, and the refining agent consists of the following components in percentage by mass: 26.1% of NaCl,10.6% of Na 2SiF6, 17.1% of Na 2SO4, 6.9% of CaF 2, 9.3% of C 6Cl6, 14.3% of Na 2S2O3 and 15.7% of NaF.
Comparative example 3
The composition and manufacturing process of the aluminum alloy profile were the same as in example 3 except that the deep-bed filtration tank or the tube filtration tank was not used in step (6) but the filtration was performed using a common foam ceramic plate.
Comparative example 4
The composition and manufacturing process of the aluminum alloy profile were the same as in example 3, except that the heating temperature of the aluminum alloy cast rod in step (9) was 550 ℃.
Verification example 1
The hydrogen content and the slag content of the aluminum alloy liquid before semi-continuous casting of examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 2 and 3 were measured on site by using an HDA-V hydrogen meter and an Analyze PoDFA slag meter, and the results are shown in Table 1, and Table 1 shows the comparison of the hydrogen content and the slag content of the aluminum alloy liquid before semi-continuous casting. As can be seen from Table 1, the aluminum alloy liquids of examples 1 to 4 had a hydrogen content of less than 0.1ml/100gAl and a slag content of less than 0.08mm 2/kgAl. In contrast, in comparative example 2, the conventional commercial refining agent was used for in-furnace blowing refining, so that the hydrogen content of the aluminum alloy liquid before semi-continuous casting reached 0.118ml/100gAl, and the slag content reached 0.101mm 2/kgAl. Comparative example 3 the slag content of the aluminum alloy liquid before semi-continuous casting was as high as 0.136mm 2/kgAl due to the fact that deep-bed filtration or tube filtration was not employed but that ordinary foam ceramic plate filtration was employed. As can be seen by comparison, the method can greatly reduce the gas slag content of the aluminum alloy liquid before semi-continuous casting, thereby improving the cleanliness of the aluminum alloy section.
| Hydrogen content/(ml/100 gAl) | Slag content/(mm 2/kgAl) | |
| Example 1 | 0.092 | 0.075 |
| Example 2 | 0.084 | 0.064 |
| Example 3 | 0.066 | 0.058 |
| Example 4 | 0.051 | 0.067 |
| Comparative example 2 | 0.118 | 0.101 |
| Comparative example 3 | 0.059 | 0.136 |
TABLE 1
Verification example 2
Samples were taken on the aluminum alloy profiles obtained in examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 and 4, and then observed under a metallographic microscope after grinding, polishing and etching, and the metallographic structures of the aluminum alloy profiles are shown in FIGS. 1 to 6, respectively. It can be seen from fig. 1 to 4 that the aluminum alloy sections of the examples have fine and uniform recrystallized grain structures inside. As can be seen from fig. 5 and 6, since the aluminum alloy of comparative example 1 was not added with Cr and Zr, the comparative example 4 had a large number of coarse grains inside the aluminum alloy profile due to the fact that the heating temperature of the aluminum alloy cast rod was too high and the growth of recrystallized grains occurred during extrusion.
Verification example 3
The aluminum alloy profiles of examples 1-4 and comparative examples 1-4 were subjected to room temperature stretching on an electronic tensile tester at a stretching rate of 2mm/min, and the tensile strength, yield strength and elongation after breaking of the aluminum alloy profiles were measured, and the results are shown in Table 2, and Table 2 shows the room temperature stretching mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy profiles in comparison. As can be seen from Table 2, the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy sections of examples 1-4 is not less than 360MPa, the yield strength is not less than 320MPa, and the elongation after breaking is not less than 16%. The tensile strength of the aluminum alloy sections of the comparative examples 1-4 is less than or equal to 350MPa, the yield strength is less than or equal to 300MPa, and the elongation after breaking is less than or equal to 14%. As can be seen by comparison, the invention improves the cleanliness of the aluminum alloy section through scientifically designing the component composition and the manufacturing process of the aluminum alloy section, obtains the aluminum alloy section with fine and uniform crystal grains, and can greatly improve the strength and the plasticity of the aluminum alloy section.
| Tensile strength/MPa | Yield strength/MPa | Elongation after break/% | |
| Example 1 | 375.5 | 341.5 | 17.2 |
| Example 2 | 364.9 | 326.4 | 17.8 |
| Example 3 | 397.8 | 351.8 | 16.5 |
| Example 4 | 381.6 | 335.2 | 16.9 |
| Comparative example 1 | 346.1 | 302.1 | 13.5 |
| Comparative example 2 | 339.5 | 297.6 | 10.1 |
| Comparative example 3 | 323.6 | 284.5 | 11.5 |
| Comparative example 4 | 341.6 | 305.7 | 12.9 |
TABLE 2
Verification example 4
The aluminum alloy profile of example 1 was subjected to a three-point bending test on an oil press, the maximum stroke of the three-point bending was 320mm, the appearance of the aluminum alloy profile at the bending portion was observed after the test was completed, the results are shown in fig. 7, the bending force and the energy absorption amount during the test were recorded, the results are shown in table 3, and table 3 shows the bending force and the energy absorption amount of the three-point bending of the aluminum alloy profile. As can be seen from fig. 7, the aluminum alloy profile has no cracks at the bending portion. As can be seen from Table 3, the three-point bending force is more than or equal to 37KN, and the energy absorption is more than or equal to 11.8KJ, which shows that the aluminum alloy section has excellent impact resistance and energy absorption effects.
| Sample numbering | Bending force/KN | Absorbed energy/KJ |
| 1 | 38.6 | 12.1 |
| 2 | 37.5 | 11.8 |
| 3 | 39.1 | 12.5 |
Table 3.
Claims (10)
1. A high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy section for an automobile anti-collision beam is characterized in that the aluminum alloy section consists of ：Zn 4.6-5.4％,Mg 0.8-1.6％,Mn 0.1-0.5％,Cr 0.05-0.15％,Zr 0.05-0.15％,Ti 0.005-0.015％,Si≤0.2％,Fe≤0.2％,Cu≤0.1％, mass percent of Al and unavoidable other impurities, wherein the total amount of the other impurities is less than or equal to 0.05 percent, and the total amount of the other impurities is less than or equal to 0.15 percent.
2. A method for manufacturing a high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy section for an automobile anti-collision beam according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps in sequence:
(1) Smelting and preparing aluminum alloy liquid according to the component composition and the mass percentage of the aluminum alloy section;
(2) Adopting inert gas and a refining agent to carry out blowing refining deslagging treatment on aluminum alloy liquid in a furnace, then removing scum on the surface of the aluminum alloy liquid, and scattering a covering agent on the surface of the aluminum alloy liquid;
(3) Introducing inert gas into the aluminum alloy liquid in the furnace through the air brick arranged at the bottom of the furnace to carry out refining and dehydrogenation treatment;
(4) Introducing aluminum alloy liquid into a launder, and then adding a grain refiner into the aluminum alloy liquid in the launder to carry out grain refining treatment;
(5) The aluminum alloy liquid subjected to grain refinement treatment flows through a degassing tank arranged on a launder to carry out deep dehydrogenation treatment;
(6) Allowing the aluminum alloy liquid subjected to deep dehydrogenation treatment to flow through a deep bed filter box or a tubular filter box arranged on a launder for filtration treatment;
(7) The aluminum alloy liquid is semicontinuously cast into an aluminum alloy casting rod by adopting an oil-gas sliding semicontinuous casting machine;
(8) Carrying out high-temperature homogenization treatment on the aluminum alloy casting rod, and then spraying water mist to cool to room temperature;
(9) Heating an aluminum alloy casting rod, extruding the aluminum alloy casting rod into an aluminum alloy section on an extruder, and cooling the aluminum alloy section to room temperature for stretching and straightening;
(10) And (3) carrying out artificial aging treatment on the aluminum alloy section, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy section for the automobile anti-collision beam.
3. The method for manufacturing a high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy section for an automobile anti-collision beam according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the inert gas is argon with the purity of more than or equal to 99.9% or nitrogen with the purity of more than or equal to 99.9%, the consumption of the refining agent is 0.2-0.4% of the weight of the aluminum alloy liquid, the blowing refining time is 20-30 minutes, the refining agent comprises ：ZnCl2 40-50％,K2CO3 20-30％,NaNO3 5-10％,KF 8-13％,K2SO4 5-8％,Li2SO43-5％, of the following components in percentage by mass, and the preparation method of the refining agent sequentially comprises the following steps: (1) ZnCl 2、K2CO3、NaNO3、KF、K2SO4、Li2SO4 with the purity more than or equal to 99.8 percent is selected as a raw material for batching; (2) Heating and melting raw materials at 1150-1200 ℃ under the protection of argon with purity more than or equal to 99.99%, and then cooling and solidifying the block refining agent; (3) And (3) crushing the block refining agent into powder with the particle size less than or equal to 2mm to obtain the refining agent.
4. The method for producing a high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy profile for an automobile impact beam according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the inert gas is argon gas with a purity of 99.99% or more or nitrogen gas with a purity of 99.99% or more, the flow rate of the inert gas is 0.3-0.6 cubic meters per minute, and the ventilation time is 10-20 minutes.
5. The method for manufacturing a high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy section for an automobile anti-collision beam according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the grain refiner is an Al5Ti1B alloy wire or an Al5Ti0.2C alloy wire, and the addition amount of the grain refiner is 0.1-0.3% of the weight of the aluminum alloy liquid.
6. The method for manufacturing high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy sections for automobile anti-collision beams according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the rotating speed of a graphite rotor in the degassing tank is 430-450 r/min, the gas flow rate on the graphite rotor is 4-5 cubic meters/h, the gas pressure is 0.3-0.5MPa, the gas introduced into the degassing tank is argon with the purity of more than or equal to 99.99%, or nitrogen with the purity of more than or equal to 99.99%, or mixed gas consisting of argon with the purity of more than or equal to 99.99% or nitrogen with the purity of more than or equal to 99.99% and chlorine with the purity of more than or equal to 99.99%, and the volume percentage of the chlorine in the mixed gas is 1-2%.
7. The method for producing a high strength and toughness aluminum alloy profile for an automobile impact beam according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid in the step (7) is 680-720 ℃, the semi-continuous casting speed is 100-200 mm/min, and the cooling water temperature is less than or equal to 40 ℃.
8. The method of producing a high strength and toughness aluminum alloy section for an automobile impact beam according to claim 1, wherein the high temperature homogenizing in step (8) is carried out at a heating temperature of 580 to 590 ℃ for 8 to 10 hours.
9. The method of producing a high strength and toughness aluminum alloy profile for an automotive impact beam according to claim 1, characterized in that in the step (9), the heating temperature of the aluminum alloy cast rod is 500 to 530 ℃, the heating temperature of the extrusion die is 450 to 480 ℃, the heating temperature of the extrusion cylinder is 410 to 440 ℃, the extrusion ratio is 5 to 15, the extrusion speed is 1 to 5mm/s, the cooling means cooling by blowing strong wind or cooling by spraying water mist, and the deformation amount of the stretch straightening is 0.5 to 2%.
10. The method of manufacturing a high strength and toughness aluminum alloy profile for an automotive impact beam according to claim 1, wherein the artificial aging in step (10) is to heat the aluminum alloy profile at 100 to 120 ℃ for 6 to 8 hours, and then raise the temperature to 140 to 160 ℃ and continue heating for 4 to 5 hours.
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