CN118116498B - Preparation method of nonionic ammonia percentage conversion chart for measuring water sample, conversion card, application and use method thereof - Google Patents

Preparation method of nonionic ammonia percentage conversion chart for measuring water sample, conversion card, application and use method thereof Download PDF

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CN118116498B
CN118116498B CN202410311126.4A CN202410311126A CN118116498B CN 118116498 B CN118116498 B CN 118116498B CN 202410311126 A CN202410311126 A CN 202410311126A CN 118116498 B CN118116498 B CN 118116498B
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CN118116498A (en
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邓时铭
蒋国民
梁志强
谢仲桂
廖伏初
王冬武
邹利
肖亚梅
刘明求
曾春芳
刘文彬
胡世燕
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HUNAN FISHERIES SCIENCE INSTITUTE
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Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of a nonionic ammonia percentage conversion chart for measuring a water sample, a nonionic ammonia percentage conversion card for measuring the water sample, application of the nonionic ammonia percentage conversion card in measuring the nonionic ammonia concentration of the water sample and a method for measuring the nonionic ammonia concentration of the water sample by using the nonionic ammonia percentage conversion card, and belongs to the technical field of water quality detection. In the range of 0-40 ℃ and 6-9 pH value of fish living temperature, the concentration of nonionic ammonia in water body is in direct proportion to the percentage of ammonia nitrogen, and the invention utilizes the correlation of temperature and pH value with nonionic ammonia concentration in a calculation formula shown in the specification to manufacture a conversion chart of temperature, pH value and nonionic ammonia percentage, thereby calculating the concentration of nonionic ammonia in water body by using ammonia nitrogen value. The invention has simple operation and wide application range, can monitor water quality in time, can scientifically guide cultivation production, and can strictly prevent ammonia poisoning or occurrence of dead fish.

Description

Preparation method of nonionic ammonia percentage conversion chart for measuring water sample, conversion card, application and use method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of water quality detection, and relates to a preparation method, a conversion card and application and use methods of a non-ionic ammonia percentage conversion chart for measuring a water sample, in particular to a preparation method for measuring a non-ionic ammonia percentage conversion chart of a water sample, a non-ionic ammonia percentage conversion card for measuring a water sample, application of a non-ionic ammonia percentage conversion card in measuring the non-ionic ammonia concentration of a water sample, and a method for measuring the non-ionic ammonia concentration of a water sample by using the non-ionic ammonia percentage conversion card.
Background
Water is the basis of fish survival, is an important factor of guaranteeing life health of fish, and in fishery production, the quality of water directly influences fish growth and reproduction, and then influences or restricts fishery development. The water quality is good, the water body substances and energy circulate smoothly, the toxic and harmful substances such as nonionic ammonia, sulfide, nitrite nitrogen and the like are few, and the fish body grows healthily; the water quality is poor, toxic and harmful substances such as nonionic ammonia are more, even if the fish bait is sufficient and is at the optimal growth temperature, the fish does not grow, and the fish is in a poor water quality state for a long time, so that the stress response of the cultured fish is enhanced, the disease resistance and stress resistance are reduced, and the fish is in a sub-health state. If no technical measures for improving the water quality are taken, the fish will die, and serious economic loss will be caused to the breeding producer.
Nitrogen is one of the important nutrient elements limiting primary productivity in pond water, and has three existing forms in water: nitrogen, inorganic nitrogen (ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen) and organic nitrogen such as protein. When the pond is used for high-density bait casting cultivation, a large amount of organic matters such as residual bait, excrement and the like are remained in water and are converted into a large amount of inorganic nitrogen mainly containing ammonia nitrogen under the action of microorganisms. Ammonia nitrogen in a water body has twofold property, on one hand, the ammonia nitrogen is an effective form of photosynthesis nitrogen absorption of phytoplankton, and the aquatic plants and algae grow to be required nutrient substances; on the other hand, ammonia nitrogen is a toxic and harmful substance for cultured fishes, and ammonia poisoning is easy to cause. Ammonia nitrogen exists in water in two forms, namely ionic ammonium (NH 4 +) and nonionic ammonia (NH 3). Ionic ammonium is less toxic, even non-toxic to fish, and the sixty scholars point out that ionic ammonium has a toxicity of 1/50 of that of non-ionic ammonia to fish. The nonionic ammonia has no charge, small radius and strong fat solubility, is easy to enter the fish body to increase the ammonia concentration in the blood, reduces the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood, has strong negative effects on the aspects of physiological metabolism, immune system and the like of the fish, and causes poisoning and even death of the fish. The toxicity of the nonionic ammonia to the fish is mainly influenced by various factors such as the type, development stage and specification, water temperature, pH value, dissolved oxygen and the like, the lethal concentration of the nonionic ammonia of the cultured fish is generally between 0.2 and 2.0mg/L, and the nonionic ammonia concentration of the fish culture water quality is less than or equal to 0.02mg/L specified in the fishery water quality standard GB 11607-89.
Nonionic ammonia is one of the important indexes of water quality control, has important influence on the growth, reproduction and life of fish, but is often ignored by farmers in the daily aquaculture production process. Therefore, in order to ensure the health of fish and the sustainable development of fishery, the enhancement of the supervision on nonionic ammonia is particularly important, and meanwhile, the method has extremely important guiding effects on aspects such as fertilization and water culture management of ponds and the like.
In order to monitor the nonionic ammonia of the pond culture water body and improve the culture level, the nonionic ammonia in China does not prescribe a standard analysis method at present, but is carried out according to a nonionic ammonia conversion formula of ground water environment quality standard of the number [1994]051 of the environmental label of the annular science of the notification about the issue of the ground water environment quality standard nonionic ammonia conversion method, and the formula (1): c NH3＝1.216×CNH3-N ×f/100, where f=100/(10 pKa-pH +1), pka=0.09018+2729.92/T, t=273.15+t, T is water temperature, pH is pH value, calculation is complicated, and it is difficult for general farmers to master.
Therefore, how to develop a preparation method, a conversion card and application and use methods of a nonionic ammonia percentage conversion chart for simply, conveniently and rapidly converting the nonionic ammonia value of a water body, which are simple to operate, wide in application range, capable of monitoring water quality in time, capable of scientifically guiding cultivation production and strictly preventing ammonia poisoning or dead fish occurrence are the problems to be solved urgently by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a preparation method of a non-ionic ammonia percentage conversion chart for measuring a water sample, a non-ionic ammonia percentage conversion card for measuring the water sample, application of the non-ionic ammonia percentage conversion card in measuring the non-ionic ammonia concentration of the water sample, and a method for measuring the non-ionic ammonia concentration of the water sample by using the non-ionic ammonia percentage conversion card.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A preparation method of a non-ionic ammonia percentage conversion chart for determining a water sample comprises the following steps:
(1) Drawing two mutually parallel vertical line segments on a drawing paper by using CAD drawing software, wherein the two mutually parallel vertical line segments are respectively a water temperature line segment and a pH line segment, the water temperature line segment and the pH line segment are respectively provided with uniform scale marks and scale values, the scale value range of the water temperature line segment is 0-40 ℃, and the scale value range of the pH line segment is 6.0-9.0;
(2) The position of the water temperature line segment of 0 ℃ is set as a point A, the position of the water temperature line segment of 40 ℃ is set as a point B, the position of the pH line segment of 9.0 is set as a point C, the point A and the point B are respectively connected with the point C and are prolonged, an auxiliary line L9.0 is drawn by connecting two prolonged lines and is parallel to the pH line segment, the intersection point of the auxiliary line L9.0 and an extension line connecting the point A and the point C is set as an AC point, the intersection point of the auxiliary line L9.0 and the extension line connecting the point B and the point C is set as a point BC, the value of the AC point represents the nonionic ammonia percentage with the pH of 9.0 when the water temperature is 0 ℃, the value of the AC point represents the nonionic ammonia percentage with the pH of 9.0 when the water temperature is 40 ℃, the value of the BC point is 74.039%, and the nonionic ammonia percentage is calculated according to the following formula:
C NH3＝1.216×CNH3-N x f/100, non-ionic ammonia percentage = C NH3/CNH3-N = 1.216f/100, where f = 100/(pKa-pH +1), pKa = 0.09018+2729.92/T, T = 273.15+ T, where C NH3 is the concentration of non-ionic ammonia in the water sample, in mg/L, C NH3-N is the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in the water sample measured by the monitoring method, in mg/L, f is the mole percentage of non-ionic ammonia, T is the celsius temperature of water, in degrees celsius, T is the thermodynamic temperature of water, in K, pH is the pH of water at the measured temperature and pH;
(3) Setting the positions of the pH line segments of 8.5, 8.0, 7.5, 7.0, 6.5 and 6.0 as C points in sequence, and other operations sequentially drawing auxiliary lines L8.5, L8.0, L7.5, L7.0, L6.5 and L6.0 from the auxiliary line L9.0 to the side far away from the pH line segments according to the method of the step (2), wherein the distances between the auxiliary lines L9.0, L8.5, L8.0, L7.5, L7.0, L6.5 and L6.0 and the pH line segments are sequentially arranged from small to large, and marking the calculated values of the AC points and the BC points on the auxiliary lines;
(4) Let the percentage of non-ionic ammonia be x, m=100/f-1=10 pKa-pH, according to the formula given above in step (2): f=100×x/1.216, pka=log (m, 10) +ph, t= 2729.92/(pKa-0.09018), t=t-273.15, where f is the molar percentage of non-ionic ammonia, T is the water temperature, in degrees celsius, pH is pH;
Let x=70%, 50%, 30%, 20%, 10%, x=30%, 20%, 10%, 5%, x=10%, 5%, 3%, 2%, 1% when ph=8.5, x=5%, 3%, 2%, 1%, 0.5% when ph=7.5, x=1%, 0.5%, 0.3%, 0.2%, 0.1% when ph=7, x=0.5%, 0.3%, 0.2%, 0.1%, 0.05% when ph=6.5, x=0.1%, 0.05%, 0.03%, 0.02%, 0.01% when ph=6, the water temperature values at the corresponding pH values and nonionic ammonia percentages are calculated by the above formula, respectively, taking 1 decimal place;
(5) Finding out corresponding points on the water temperature line segments according to the water temperature values calculated in the step (4), connecting the points corresponding to the pH line segments, extending the points to corresponding auxiliary lines, wherein the positions of the intersection points on the auxiliary lines are the points corresponding to the nonionic ammonia percentages set by the auxiliary lines, drawing all connecting lines related to the water temperature values, the pH values and the nonionic ammonia percentages by the same method, and marking the corresponding nonionic ammonia percentages on the auxiliary lines;
(6) Finding out the crossing points of connecting lines with the same non-ionic ammonia percentage of the auxiliary line, marking by using points, and finding out X-axis coordinate values and Y-axis coordinate values of each point on CAD drawing software;
(7) Taking the Y-axis coordinate value of each point as a variable, X as an X-axis coordinate value, Y as a Y-axis coordinate value, fitting a linear equation, and extending a straight line obtained by the linear equation to cross all relevant connecting lines to obtain a nonionic ammonia percentage line;
(8) The non-ionic ammonia percentage of the auxiliary line L9.0 is respectively 70 percent, 50 percent of the connecting line, the pH=6, the non-ionic ammonia percentage of the auxiliary line L6.0 is respectively 0.01 percent, 0.02 percent and 0.03 percent of the connecting line is intersected with the non-ionic ammonia percentage line, and the corresponding non-ionic ammonia percentage scale value is marked at the middle position between each intersection point of the non-ionic ammonia percentage line intersected with a plurality of related connecting lines with the same non-ionic ammonia percentage value on the auxiliary line at different pH values on the non-ionic ammonia percentage line;
(9) And (3) setting uniform scale marks on line segments between two adjacent scale values of the nonionic ammonia percentage line, removing all auxiliary lines, related connecting lines and intersection points, and completing a nonionic ammonia percentage conversion chart, wherein the detection range of the nonionic ammonia percentage is 0.01% -70%.
The invention principle of the invention: "nonionic ammonia percentage conversion chart": in the range of fish living temperature (0-40 ℃) and pH value (6-9), the nonionic ammonia concentration of the water body is in direct proportion to the percentage of ammonia nitrogen, and a temperature, pH value and nonionic ammonia percentage conversion chart is manufactured by utilizing the correlation of the temperature and pH value with the nonionic ammonia concentration in the following calculation formula, so that the nonionic ammonia concentration of the water body is calculated by utilizing the ammonia nitrogen value.
The calculation formula is shown in the formula C NH3＝1.216×CNH3-N multiplied by f/100 of the environmental label [1994]051 of the report about the issuing of the ground water environment quality standard nonionic ammonia conversion method, wherein f=100/(10 pKa-pH +1), pKa=0.09018+2729.92/T, T=273.15+t, wherein C NH3 is the concentration of nonionic ammonia in a water sample under the conditions of measured temperature and pH, C NH3-N is the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in the water sample measured by a monitoring method, f is the mole percent of nonionic ammonia, T is the temperature of water, T is the thermodynamic temperature of water, K is the pH value of water, and pKa is the dissociation constant of NH 4 + under different temperature conditions;
the invention has the beneficial effects that: the non-ionic ammonia percentage of the water body can be quickly converted according to the non-ionic ammonia percentage conversion chart, the operation is simple, the application range is wide, the water quality can be timely monitored, the cultivation production can be scientifically guided, and the occurrence of ammonia poisoning or dead fish accidents can be strictly prevented.
In the step (1), the length ratio of the water temperature line segment to the pH line segment is controlled to be (1.2-2.5), the length ratio of the pH line segment to the distance between the two line segments is controlled to be (0.4-2) 1, and the included angle between the midpoint connecting line of the two line segments and the horizontal line is controlled to be less than or equal to 10 degrees.
The beneficial effect of adopting the further technical scheme is that: the card is convenient to manufacture and attractive.
Further, in the step (1), the scale line equally divides the water temperature line segment into 80 cells, each cell represents 0.5 ℃, and the scale line equally divides the pH line segment into 30 cells, each cell represents 0.1.
In the step (1), the vertex of the water temperature line segment is a scale value 0, and corresponding scale values are arranged on every 10 grids from the scale value 0 downwards; the vertex of the pH line segment is a scale value 9.0, and corresponding scale values are arranged on every 5 divisions downwards from the scale value 9.0.
Further, in step (9), the scale line divides the line segment between the two adjacent scale values into 5 or 10 divisions, and each division represents one fifth or one tenth of the difference between the two adjacent scale values.
The invention also provides a non-ionic ammonia percentage conversion card for measuring the water sample, which comprises a card main body, wherein the card main body is provided with the non-ionic ammonia percentage conversion chart.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: at present, the aquaculture industry in China adopts a non-ionic ammonia conversion formula of the ground water environment quality standard of the environmental standard of the No. 1994 051 to calculate, the calculation formula is complex, the percentage conversion card of the nonionic ammonia is adopted to quickly find out the percentage of the nonionic ammonia in the water body to the ammonia nitrogen, and the nonionic ammonia concentration is quickly converted, so that the method is simplified, time-saving, labor-saving, economical and practical.
The invention also provides application of the nonionic ammonia percentage conversion card in measuring nonionic ammonia concentration of a water sample.
The invention also provides a method for measuring the nonionic ammonia concentration of the water sample by using the nonionic ammonia percentage conversion card, which comprises the following steps:
1) Sampling a pond water sample: taking a water sample by using a 10mL colorimetric tube;
2) Measuring the ammonia nitrogen value of a water sample: adding 2-3 drops of reagent A and 2-3 drops of reagent B into a colorimetric tube filled with a water sample, covering a cover, uniformly mixing the solution for several times upside down, standing for 10-15 minutes, and determining the ammonia nitrogen value of the water sample by referring to an ammonia nitrogen color chart;
The reagent A is a potassium sodium tartrate aqueous solution with the concentration of 400-500g/L, and the reagent B is a Na-reagent;
3) Water temperature and pH value of the water sample are measured: measuring the water temperature of the water sample and the pH value of the water sample;
4) Conversion of nonionic ammonia percentage: connecting corresponding water temperature and pH value on the non-ionic ammonia percentage conversion card, and extending the connecting line to a non-ionic ammonia percentage line, wherein the value at the intersection point of the non-ionic ammonia percentage line is the non-ionic ammonia percentage;
5) Calculating the concentration of nonionic ammonia: according to the ammonia nitrogen value of the water sample determined in the step 2) and the non-ionic ammonia percentage obtained in the step 4), the concentration of the non-ionic ammonia in the water sample is measured at the temperature and the pH according to a formula C NH3＝CNH3-N×x,CNH3, the unit mg/L is the concentration of the ammonia nitrogen in the water sample measured by a monitoring method, the unit mg/L is the non-ionic ammonia percentage, and the concentration of the non-ionic ammonia in the water sample is calculated.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the ammonia nitrogen color card and the nonionic ammonia percentage conversion card can be jointly applied or separately applied, and have no special technical requirements on users, so the application range is wide, and the method has on-site guidance significance.
The ammonia nitrogen color card and the nonionic ammonia percentage conversion card are used in combination, so that the indexes of ammonia nitrogen and nonionic ammonia in water can be rapidly monitored, aquaculture water quality management is convenient for vast aquaculture farmers and technicians, scientific basis is provided for water quality regulation, technical foundation is laid for water measurement and fish culture, the time is short, guidance is timely, water measurement and fish culture can be completely realized, and the culture level is improved.
Further, the preparation method of the ammonia nitrogen colorimetric card comprises the following steps:
(A) Taking 7 colorimetric tubes with 10mL, respectively adding ammonia nitrogen standard solutions with concentrations of 10 mug/mL, namely 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.2, 1.6 and 2.0mL, respectively, wherein the ammonia nitrogen contents of the corresponding colorimetric tubes are 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0, 12.0, 16.0 and 20 mug, and adding ammonia-free purified water to the scale of the colorimetric tubes with the ammonia nitrogen concentrations of 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.2, 1.6 and 2.0mg/L;
(B) Respectively adding the reagent A2 drops into the 7 colorimetric tubes in the step (A), then covering a cover, reversing the cover for several times, and uniformly mixing;
(C) Opening the cover, adding reagent B2 drops into the 7 colorimetric tubes respectively, covering the cover, reversing the cover for several times, and uniformly mixing;
(D) After standing for 15 minutes, the color of the 7 colorimetric tube solutions is not changed any more, and photographing is carried out before the colorimetric tube is placed in a white background;
(E) And marking the ammonia nitrogen concentration at the position corresponding to the color development colorimetric tube on the photo to obtain an ammonia nitrogen colorimetric card, wherein the detection range is 0.1-2.0mg/L.
The beneficial effect of adopting the further technical scheme is that: at present, the method for directly measuring ammonia nitrogen by using a Shannon reagent method is carried out by using a cuvette and a pure-color reference card, and has large color error and poor data reliability. The method adopts a 10ml colorimetric tube to manufacture an ammonia nitrogen colorimetric card and measure, reduces color errors during reference, has more concentration gradients and has more accurate results.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a physical diagram of an ammonia nitrogen color chart;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the method of step (1) of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the method of step (2) of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the method of step (3) of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the method of step (5) of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the method of step (6) of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the method of step (7) of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the method of step (8) of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic of a nonionic ammonia percentage conversion plot of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a nonionic ammonia percentage conversion card of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of application example 1 of the nonionic ammonia percentage conversion card of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of application example 2 of the nonionic ammonia percentage conversion card of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clear and complete, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The preparation method of the nonionic ammonia percentage conversion chart for determining the water sample comprises the following steps:
(1) As shown in fig. 2, two mutually parallel vertical line segments are respectively a water temperature line segment and a pH line segment, which are respectively provided with uniform scale marks and scale values, are drawn on a drawing paper by using CAD drawing software, wherein the scale value range of the water temperature line segment is 0-40 ℃, the scale value range of the pH line segment is 6.0-9.0, the length of the water temperature line segment is 40000 units, the length of the pH line segment is 21000 units, the distance between the two line segments is 49807 units, and the midpoint connecting line of the two line segments is kept horizontal;
dividing the water temperature line segment into 80 divisions by scale lines, wherein each division represents 0.5 ℃, dividing the pH line segment into 30 divisions by scale lines, and each division represents 0.1;
the vertex of the water temperature line segment is a scale value 0, and each 10 divisions downwards from the scale value 0 are provided with corresponding scale values; the peak of the pH line segment is a scale value 9.0, and corresponding scale values are arranged on every 5 divisions downwards from the scale value 9.0.
(2) As shown in fig. 3, the position of the water temperature line segment at 0 ℃ is set as a point a, the position of the water temperature line segment at 40 ℃ is set as a point B, the position of the pH line segment at 9.0 is set as a point C, the point a and the point B are respectively connected with the point C and are extended, one auxiliary line L9.0 is drawn by connecting two extension lines in parallel with the pH line segment, the intersection point of the auxiliary line L9.0 and the extension line connecting the point a and the point C is set as an AC point, the intersection point of the auxiliary line L9.0 and the extension line connecting the point B and the point C is set as a BC point, the value of the AC point represents the nonionic ammonia percentage of 9.0 at the water temperature of 0 ℃, the value of the BC point represents the nonionic ammonia percentage of 9.0 at the water temperature of 40 ℃, the value of the BC point is set as 74.039%, and the nonionic ammonia percentage is calculated according to the following formula (1):
C NH3＝1.216×CNH3-N x f/100, non-ionic ammonia percentage = C NH3/CNH3-N = 1.216f/100, where f = 100/(pKa-pH +1), pKa = 0.09018+2729.92/T, T = 273.15+ T, where C NH3 is the concentration of non-ionic ammonia in the water sample at the measured temperature and pH, in mg/L, C NH3-N is the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in the water sample measured by the monitoring method, in mg/L, f is the mole percentage of non-ionic ammonia, T is the celsius temperature of water, in degrees celsius, T is the thermodynamic temperature of water, in K, pH is the pH of water, pKa represents the dissociation constant of NH 4 + at different temperatures;
(3) As shown in fig. 4, the positions of the pH line segments of 8.5, 8.0, 7.5, 7.0, 6.5 and 6.0 are sequentially set as point C, other operations are that according to the method of step (2), auxiliary lines L8.5, L8.0, L7.5, L7.0, L6.5 and L6.0 are sequentially drawn from the auxiliary line L9.0 to the side far away from the pH line segments, and the distances between the auxiliary lines L9.0, L8.5, L8.0, L7.5, L7.0, L6.5 and L6.0 and the pH line segments are sequentially arranged from small to large, and the calculated values of the AC point and BC point are marked on each auxiliary line;
(4) Let the non-ionic ammonia percentage be x, m=100/f-1=10 pKa-pH, it is known from the formula of step (2): f=100×x/1.216, pka=log (m, 10) +ph, t= 2729.92/(pKa-0.09018), t=t-273.15, where f is the molar percentage of non-ionic ammonia, T is the water temperature, in degrees celsius, pH is pH;
Let x=70%, 50%, 30%, 20%, 10%, x=30%, 20%, 10%, 5%, x=10%, 5%, 3%, 2%, 1% when ph=8.5, x=5%, 3%, 2%, 1%, 0.5% when ph=7.5, x=1%, 0.5%, 0.3%, 0.2%, 0.1% when ph=7, x=0.5%, 0.3%, 0.2%, 0.1%, 0.05% when ph=6.5, x=0.1%, 0.05%, 0.03%, 0.02%, 0.01% when ph=6, the water temperature values at the corresponding pH values and nonionic ammonia percentages are calculated by the above formula, respectively, taking 1 decimal place; as shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
(5) As shown in fig. 5, according to the water temperature value calculated in the step (4), finding a corresponding point in a water temperature line segment, connecting the corresponding point with a pH line segment, and extending the corresponding point to a corresponding auxiliary line, wherein the position of an intersection point on the auxiliary line is the point corresponding to the nonionic ammonia percentage set by the auxiliary line, drawing all connecting lines related to the water temperature value, the pH value and the nonionic ammonia percentage by the same method, and marking the corresponding nonionic ammonia percentage on the auxiliary line;
(6) As shown in fig. 6, the intersection points of the connecting lines with the same nonionic ammonia percentage of the auxiliary lines are found, marked by points, and the X-axis coordinate values and Y-axis coordinate values of the points are found on the CAD drawing software, and the coordinate values of all points in this embodiment are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2
Sequence number Coordinate value of X-axis Y-axis coordinate value
1 99142 51766
2 99997 49966
3 100324 47085
4 99381 46797
5 101407 46900
6 99611 44143
7 98706 43817
8 100651 43997
9 99620 41897
10 100300 40287
11 100443 37696
12 99504 37563
13 101518 37340
14 99668 35019
15 98675 34813
16 100824 34683
17 99607 32839
18 100337 31151
19 100450 28575
20 99610 28576
21 101398 28126
22 101398 25262
(7) As shown in fig. 7, a linear equation is fitted with the Y-axis coordinate value of each point as a variable, X as an X-axis coordinate value, and Y as a Y-axis coordinate value, and in the method, the linear equation of the percentage line is: x= -0.0332y+101396, r 2 = 0.0894. Extending the straight line obtained by the linear equation to cross all the relevant connecting lines to obtain a nonionic ammonia percentage line;
(8) As shown in fig. 8, the points of intersection where the nonionic ammonia percentage on the auxiliary line L9.0 is 70%, the nonionic ammonia percentage on the auxiliary line L6.0 is 0.01%, 0.02%, and the nonionic ammonia percentage on the auxiliary line L6.0 are respectively 0.01%, 0.03%, and the points of intersection where a plurality of related connecting lines having the same nonionic ammonia percentage value on the auxiliary line at different pH on the nonionic ammonia percentage line intersect with the nonionic ammonia percentage line are marked with corresponding nonionic ammonia percentage scale values;
(9) As shown in FIG. 9, the line segment between two adjacent graduation values of the non-ionic ammonia percentage line is provided with uniform graduation lines, all auxiliary lines, relevant connecting lines and intersection points are removed, and the non-ionic ammonia percentage conversion chart is completed, wherein the non-ionic ammonia percentage detection range is 0.01% -70%.
The scale line divides the line segment between two adjacent scale values into 5 or 10 divisions, and each division represents one fifth or one tenth of the difference between the two adjacent scale values.
As shown in fig. 10, the nonionic ammonia percentage conversion card for measuring the water sample comprises a card body, and a nonionic ammonia percentage conversion chart is arranged on the card body.
The preparation method of the ammonia nitrogen color card comprises the following steps:
(A) Taking 7 pieces of 10mL, respectively adding ammonia nitrogen standard solutions with concentrations of 10 mug/mL into the color comparison tubes, wherein the ammonia nitrogen standard solutions respectively comprise ammonia nitrogen concentrations of 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0, 12.0, 16.0 and 20 mug, and adding ammonia-free purified water to the color comparison tube scales of 10mL, wherein the ammonia nitrogen concentrations respectively comprise ammonia nitrogen concentrations of 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.2, 1.6 and 2.0mg/L;
(B) Adding reagent A2 drops into the 7 branches of the step (A), covering the cover, reversing the cover for several times, and uniformly mixing;
(C) Opening the cover, adding reagent B2 drops into 7 pieces respectively, covering the cover, reversing the cover for several times, and uniformly mixing;
(D) After standing for 15 minutes, 7 solutions are not changed in color, and photographing is carried out before a white background is placed;
(E) And marking the ammonia nitrogen concentration at the corresponding color development position on the photo to obtain an ammonia nitrogen colorimetric card, wherein the detection range is 0.1-2.0mg/L as shown in figure 1.
A method for determining the nonionic ammonia concentration of a water sample using a nonionic ammonia percentage conversion card, comprising the steps of:
1) Sampling a pond water sample: taking a water sample by using a 10mL colorimetric tube;
2) Measuring the ammonia nitrogen value of a water sample: adding 2-3 drops of reagent A and 2-3 drops of reagent B into a colorimetric tube filled with a water sample, covering a cover, uniformly mixing the solution for several times upside down, standing for 10-15 minutes, and determining the ammonia nitrogen value of the water sample by referring to an ammonia nitrogen color chart;
The reagent A is a potassium sodium tartrate aqueous solution with the concentration of 400-500g/L, the reagent B is a Nahner reagent, the Nahner reagent is a mercuric iodide-potassium iodide-sodium hydroxide solution, the concentration of mercuric iodide in the Nahner reagent is 100g/L, the concentration of potassium iodide is 70g/L, and the concentration of sodium hydroxide is 160g/L;
3) Water temperature and pH value of the water sample are measured: measuring the water temperature of the water sample and the pH value of the water sample;
4) Conversion of nonionic ammonia percentage: connecting corresponding water temperature and pH value on the non-ionic ammonia percentage conversion card, and extending the connecting line to a non-ionic ammonia percentage line, wherein the value at the intersection point of the non-ionic ammonia percentage line is the non-ionic ammonia percentage;
5) Calculating the concentration of nonionic ammonia: according to the ammonia nitrogen value of the water sample determined in the step 2) and the non-ionic ammonia percentage obtained in the step 4), the concentration of the non-ionic ammonia in the water sample is measured at the temperature and the pH according to a formula C NH3＝CNH3-N×x,CNH3, the unit mg/L is the concentration of the ammonia nitrogen in the water sample measured by a monitoring method, the unit mg/L is the non-ionic ammonia percentage, and the concentration of the non-ionic ammonia in the water sample is calculated.
Nonionic ammonia percentage conversion card accuracy
And comparing and analyzing the non-ionic ammonia percentage conversion card with the non-ionic ammonia percentage value calculated by the non-ionic ammonia conversion formula (1), and judging the accuracy of the conversion card value according to the percentage error value. Percentage error= |converted card value-formula calculation value|/formula calculation value 100. The percentage error between the read value of the conversion card and the calculated value of the formula is within 5%, so that the data of the non-ionic ammonia percentage conversion card can completely meet the requirements of the measurement of the aquaculture water quality, as shown in the table 3.
TABLE 3 nonionic ammonia percentage conversion card accuracy
Application example 1
The method for measuring the nonionic ammonia concentration of the water sample in a grass carp culture pond in Yiyang of Hunan province comprises the following steps:
1) Sampling a pond water sample: taking a water sample by using 10 mL;
2) Measuring the ammonia nitrogen value of a water sample: adding a reagent A2 drop and a reagent B2 drop into a water sample, covering a cover, uniformly mixing the solution for several times upside down, standing for 10 minutes, and determining that the ammonia nitrogen value of the water sample is 0.80mg/L by using an ammonia nitrogen color chart of reference example 1;
the reagent A is a potassium sodium tartrate aqueous solution with the concentration of 500g/L, and the reagent B is a Na-reagent;
the components of the reagent A and the reagent B in the preparation method of the ammonia nitrogen color card are the same as those in the method for measuring the nonionic ammonia concentration of the water sample.
3) Water temperature and pH value of the water sample are measured: measuring the water temperature of the water sample to be 28 ℃ by using a thermometer, and measuring the pH value of the water sample to be 7.8 by using a pH reagent;
4) As shown in fig. 11, the nonionic ammonia percentage conversion: the corresponding water temperature and pH value are connected to the nonionic ammonia percentage conversion card in the embodiment 1, and the connecting line is prolonged to the nonionic ammonia percentage line, and the value at the intersection point on the nonionic ammonia percentage line is 5%, namely the nonionic ammonia percentage;
5) Calculating the concentration of nonionic ammonia: according to the ammonia nitrogen value of the water sample determined in the step 2) and the non-ionic ammonia percentage obtained in the step 4), the concentration of the non-ionic ammonia in the water sample is measured at the temperature and the pH according to a formula C NH3＝CNH3-N×x＝0.80mg/L×5％＝0.04mg/L,CNH3, the unit mg/L is the concentration of the ammonia nitrogen in the water sample measured by a monitoring method, the unit mg/L is the non-ionic ammonia percentage, and the concentration of the non-ionic ammonia in the water sample is calculated.
The ammonia nitrogen value of the water quality of the grass carp culture pond is 0.8mg/L, meets the water quality standard requirement of the surface water environment standard (GB 3838-02 (III)), but the concentration of the nonionic ammonia is 0.04mg/L, exceeds the specified value (less than or equal to 0.02 mg/L) of the fishery water quality standard (GB 11607-89), and has adverse effect on the cultured fishes. Therefore, the cultivation technicians cannot consider the ammonia nitrogen value alone, and must consider the nonionic ammonia value in a combined way to regulate and control the water quality in time, so as to maintain good water quality.
Application example 2
The method for measuring the nonionic ammonia concentration of the water sample in the fishpond in the Kaifeng area of Kaisha in Hunan province comprises the following steps:
1) Sampling a pond water sample: taking a water sample by using 10 mL;
2) Measuring the ammonia nitrogen value of a water sample: adding a reagent A3 drop and a reagent B3 drop into a water sample, covering a cover, uniformly mixing the solution for several times upside down, standing for 10 minutes, and determining the ammonia nitrogen value of the water sample by using an ammonia nitrogen color chart of reference example 1;
The reagent A is a potassium sodium tartrate aqueous solution with the concentration of 400g/L, and the reagent B is a Na-reagent;
the components of the reagent A and the reagent B in the preparation method of the ammonia nitrogen color card are the same as those in the method for measuring the nonionic ammonia concentration of the water sample.
3) Water temperature and pH value of the water sample are measured: measuring the water temperature of the water sample to be 25 ℃ by using a thermometer, and measuring the pH value of the water sample to be 7.2 by using a pH reagent;
4) As shown in fig. 12, the nonionic ammonia percentage conversion: the corresponding water temperature and pH value are connected to the nonionic ammonia percentage conversion card in the embodiment 1, and the connecting line is prolonged to the nonionic ammonia percentage line, wherein the value at the intersection point on the nonionic ammonia percentage line is 1.1%, namely the nonionic ammonia percentage;
5) Calculating the concentration of nonionic ammonia: according to the ammonia nitrogen value of the water sample determined in the step 2) and the non-ionic ammonia percentage obtained in the step 4), the concentration of the non-ionic ammonia in the water sample is measured at the temperature and the pH according to a formula C NH3＝CNH3-N×x＝0.2mg/L×1.1％＝0.0022mg/L,CNH3, the unit mg/L is the concentration of the ammonia nitrogen in the water sample measured by a monitoring method, the unit mg/L is the non-ionic ammonia percentage, and the concentration of the non-ionic ammonia in the water sample is calculated.
The application amount of the bio-organic fertilizer (the nutrient index nitrogen content of the bio-organic fertilizer is 15 percent and the main form is ammonia nitrogen) is solved by using the method of the method, wherein the water depth of a fishpond in a Kaifeng area of a Yangfu province of Hunan province is 1.5 m, the water temperature is 25 ℃, the pH value is 7.2, and the ammonia nitrogen background value of the pond is 0.2 mg/L.
The percentage of the non-ionic ammonia is 1.1% obtained by connecting the temperature and the pH, the specified value (less than or equal to 0.02 mg/L) of the non-ionic ammonia in the fishery water quality standard (GB 11607-89) is used as the standard, the ammonia nitrogen in the pond can reach 1.81mg/L (0.02/1.1% = 1.81 mg/L), but the ammonia nitrogen index requirement (less than or equal to 1.0 mg/L) of the non-ionic ammonia in the ground water environment quality standard (GB 3838-02 (III)) is exceeded, so that the ammonia nitrogen in the culture water body after fertilization is not more than 1.0mg/L, and the non-ionic ammonia in the water body can not poison the cultured fish. Therefore, the concentration of ammonia nitrogen which can be applied in the pond is preferably not more than 0.8mg/L (C NH3-N is less than 1.0-0.2=0.8 mg/L), and then the total fertilizer amount (M) of the pond is calculated to be not more than 26.67kg (M is less than C NH3-N multiplied by V is 15 percent) according to the technical parameter index of the bio-organic fertilizer, wherein the pond volume (V=5 mu is 667M 2*1.5m*1000L/m3＝5×106 L).
The description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (8)

1. The preparation method of the non-ionic ammonia percentage conversion chart for determining the water sample is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Drawing two mutually parallel vertical line segments on a drawing paper by using CAD drawing software, wherein the two mutually parallel vertical line segments are respectively a water temperature line segment and a pH line segment, the water temperature line segment and the pH line segment are respectively provided with uniform scale marks and scale values, the scale value range of the water temperature line segment is 0-40 ℃, and the scale value range of the pH line segment is 6.0-9.0;
(2) The position of the water temperature line segment of 0 ℃ is set as a point A, the position of the water temperature line segment of 40 ℃ is set as a point B, the position of the pH line segment of 9.0 is set as a point C, the point A and the point B are respectively connected with the point C and are prolonged, an auxiliary line L9.0 is drawn by connecting two prolonged lines and is parallel to the pH line segment, the intersection point of the auxiliary line L9.0 and an extension line connecting the point A and the point C is set as an AC point, the intersection point of the auxiliary line L9.0 and the extension line connecting the point B and the point C is set as a point BC, the value of the AC point represents the nonionic ammonia percentage with the pH of 9.0 when the water temperature is 0 ℃, the value of the AC point represents the nonionic ammonia percentage with the pH of 9.0 when the water temperature is 40 ℃, the value of the BC point is 74.039%, and the nonionic ammonia percentage is calculated according to the following formula:
C NH3＝1.216×CNH3-N x f/100, non-ionic ammonia percentage = C NH3/CNH3-N = 1.216f/100, where f = 100/(pKa-pH +1), pKa = 0.09018+2729.92/T, T = 273.15+ T, where C NH3 is the concentration of non-ionic ammonia in the water sample at the measured temperature and pH, in mg/L, C NH3-N is the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in the water sample measured by the monitoring method, in mg/L, f is the mole percentage of non-ionic ammonia, T is the celsius temperature of water, in degrees celsius, T is the thermodynamic temperature of water, in K, pH is the pH of water, pKa is the dissociation constant of NH 4 + at different temperatures;
(3) Setting the positions of the pH line segments of 8.5, 8.0, 7.5, 7.0, 6.5 and 6.0 as C points in sequence, and other operations sequentially drawing auxiliary lines L8.5, L8.0, L7.5, L7.0, L6.5 and L6.0 from the auxiliary line L9.0 to the side far away from the pH line segments according to the method of the step (2), wherein the distances between the auxiliary lines L9.0, L8.5, L8.0, L7.5, L7.0, L6.5 and L6.0 and the pH line segments are sequentially arranged from small to large, and marking the calculated values of the AC points and the BC points on the auxiliary lines;
(4) Let the percentage of non-ionic ammonia be x, m=100/f-1=10 pKa-pH, it is known from the formula in step (2): f=100×x/1.216, pka=log (m, 10) +ph, t= 2729.92/(pKa-0.09018), t=t-273.15, where f is the molar percentage of non-ionic ammonia, T is the water temperature, in degrees celsius, pH is pH;
Let x=70%, 50%, 30%, 20%, 10%, x=30%, 20%, 10%, 5%, x=10%, 5%, 3%, 2%, 1% when ph=8.5, x=5%, 3%, 2%, 1%, 0.5% when ph=7.5, x=1%, 0.5%, 0.3%, 0.2%, 0.1% when ph=7, x=0.5%, 0.3%, 0.2%, 0.1%, 0.05% when ph=6.5, x=0.1%, 0.05%, 0.03%, 0.02%, 0.01% when ph=6, the water temperature values at the corresponding pH values and nonionic ammonia percentages are calculated by the above formula, respectively, taking 1 decimal place;
(5) Finding out corresponding points on the water temperature line segments according to the water temperature values calculated in the step (4), connecting the points corresponding to the pH line segments, extending the points to corresponding auxiliary lines, wherein the positions of the intersection points on the auxiliary lines are the points corresponding to the nonionic ammonia percentages set by the auxiliary lines, drawing all connecting lines related to the water temperature values, the pH values and the nonionic ammonia percentages by the same method, and marking the corresponding nonionic ammonia percentages on the auxiliary lines;
(6) Finding out the crossing points of connecting lines with the same non-ionic ammonia percentage of the auxiliary line, marking by using points, and finding out X-axis coordinate values and Y-axis coordinate values of each point on CAD drawing software;
(7) Taking the Y-axis coordinate value of each point as a variable, X as an X-axis coordinate value, Y as a Y-axis coordinate value, fitting a linear equation, and extending a straight line obtained by the linear equation to cross all relevant connecting lines to obtain a nonionic ammonia percentage line;
(8) The non-ionic ammonia percentage of the auxiliary line L9.0 is respectively 70 percent, 50 percent of the connecting line, the pH=6, the non-ionic ammonia percentage of the auxiliary line L6.0 is respectively 0.01 percent, 0.02 percent and 0.03 percent of the connecting line is intersected with the non-ionic ammonia percentage line, and the corresponding non-ionic ammonia percentage scale value is marked at the middle position between each intersection point of the non-ionic ammonia percentage line intersected with a plurality of related connecting lines with the same non-ionic ammonia percentage value on the auxiliary line at different pH values on the non-ionic ammonia percentage line;
(9) And (3) setting uniform scale marks on line segments between two adjacent scale values of the nonionic ammonia percentage line, removing all auxiliary lines, related connecting lines and intersection points, and completing a nonionic ammonia percentage conversion chart, wherein the detection range of the nonionic ammonia percentage is 0.01% -70%.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (1), the scale line divides the water temperature line segment equally into 80 cells, each cell representing 0.5 ℃, and the scale line divides the pH line segment equally into 30 cells, each cell representing 0.1.
3. The method for preparing a non-ionic ammonia percentage conversion chart for determining a water sample according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the vertex of the water temperature line segment is a scale value 0, and each 10 cells from the scale value 0 is provided with a corresponding scale value; the vertex of the pH line segment is a scale value 9.0, and corresponding scale values are arranged on every 5 divisions downwards from the scale value 9.0.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (9), the graduation line divides the line segment between the adjacent graduation values into 5 or 10 divisions, each division representing one fifth or one tenth of the difference between the adjacent graduation values.
5. A conversion card for measuring the percentage of nonionic ammonia in a water sample, which is characterized by comprising a card body, wherein the card body is provided with the percentage conversion chart of nonionic ammonia according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
6. Use of a percent conversion card of non-ionic ammonia according to claim 5 in determining the concentration of non-ionic ammonia in a water sample.
7. A method for determining the concentration of nonionic ammonia in a water sample using the nonionic ammonia percentage conversion card of claim 5, comprising the steps of:
1) Sampling a pond water sample: taking a water sample by using a 10mL colorimetric tube;
2) Measuring the ammonia nitrogen value of a water sample: adding 2-3 drops of reagent A and 2-3 drops of reagent B into a colorimetric tube filled with a water sample, covering a cover, uniformly mixing the solution for several times upside down, standing for 10-15 minutes, and determining the ammonia nitrogen value of the water sample by referring to an ammonia nitrogen color chart;
The reagent A is a potassium sodium tartrate aqueous solution with the concentration of 400-500g/L, and the reagent B is a Na-reagent;
3) Water temperature and pH value of the water sample are measured: measuring the water temperature of the water sample and the pH value of the water sample;
4) Conversion of nonionic ammonia percentage: connecting corresponding water temperature and pH value on the non-ionic ammonia percentage conversion card, and extending the connecting line to a non-ionic ammonia percentage line, wherein the value at the intersection point of the non-ionic ammonia percentage line is the non-ionic ammonia percentage;
5) Calculating the concentration of nonionic ammonia: according to the ammonia nitrogen value of the water sample determined in the step 2) and the non-ionic ammonia percentage obtained in the step 4), the concentration of the non-ionic ammonia in the water sample is measured at the temperature and the pH according to a formula C NH3＝CNH3-N×x,CNH3, the unit mg/L is the concentration of the ammonia nitrogen in the water sample measured by a monitoring method, the unit mg/L is the non-ionic ammonia percentage, and the concentration of the non-ionic ammonia in the water sample is calculated.
8. The method for measuring the nonionic ammonia concentration of a water sample by using a nonionic ammonia percentage conversion card according to claim 7, wherein the preparation method of the ammonia nitrogen colorimetric card comprises the following steps:
(A) Taking 7 colorimetric tubes with 10mL, respectively adding ammonia nitrogen standard solutions with concentrations of 10 mug/mL, namely 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.2, 1.6 and 2.0mL, respectively, wherein the ammonia nitrogen contents of the corresponding colorimetric tubes are 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0, 12.0, 16.0 and 20 mug, and adding ammonia-free purified water to the scale of the colorimetric tubes with the ammonia nitrogen concentrations of 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.2, 1.6 and 2.0mg/L;
(B) Adding the reagent A2 drops into the 7 colorimetric tubes in the step (A), covering a cover, reversing the cover for several times, and uniformly mixing;
(C) Opening the cover, adding reagent B2 drops into the 7 colorimetric tubes respectively, covering the cover, reversing the cover for several times, and uniformly mixing;
(D) After standing for 15 minutes, the color of the 7 colorimetric tube solutions is not changed any more, and photographing is carried out before the colorimetric tube is placed in a white background;
(E) And marking the ammonia nitrogen concentration at the position corresponding to the color development colorimetric tube on the photo to obtain an ammonia nitrogen colorimetric card, wherein the detection range is 0.1-2.0mg/L.
CN202410311126.4A 2024-03-19 2024-03-19 Preparation method of nonionic ammonia percentage conversion chart for measuring water sample, conversion card, application and use method thereof Active CN118116498B (en)

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CN106459174A (en) * 2015-02-18 2017-02-22 麻省理工学院 Water-soluble trans-membrane proteins and methods for the preparation and use thereof

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CN107804937A (en) * 2017-10-29 2018-03-16 孙丽丽 A kind of method for treating water and equipment for circulating water cultivation

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CN102087221A (en) * 2010-12-24 2011-06-08 湖南省水产科学研究所 Method for rapidly determining dissolved oxygen in water
CN106459174A (en) * 2015-02-18 2017-02-22 麻省理工学院 Water-soluble trans-membrane proteins and methods for the preparation and use thereof

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