CN118102184A - Simulation analysis method for intermodulation distortion of loudspeaker - Google Patents
Simulation analysis method for intermodulation distortion of loudspeaker Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a simulation analysis method of intermodulation distortion of a loudspeaker, which comprises the following steps: (1) determining a small signal parameter of the speaker; (2) Simulating a nonlinear driving force coefficient, a nonlinear inductance and a nonlinear stiffness coefficient of the loudspeaker; (3) establishing a lumped parameter equivalent circuit model of the loudspeaker; (4) Establishing a finite element or boundary element numerical simulation analysis model of a loudspeaker radiation sound field; (5) Transient solving of wave equation in the sound field is carried out based on finite element or boundary element numerical algorithm, so that sound pressure time domain response at any point in the sound field is obtained through simulation; (6) And carrying out spectrum analysis on a stable region of the sound pressure time domain response, extracting fundamental frequency and intermodulation components in the sound pressure spectrum, and further calculating intermodulation distortion of the loudspeaker. The invention can estimate the performance of the loudspeaker in the initial stage of the research and development of the loudspeaker product, greatly reduce the sample trial production times, quicken the research and development progress, promote the research and development level and reduce the research and development cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a simulation analysis method for intermodulation distortion of a loudspeaker, and belongs to the field of loudspeaker design.
Background
Intermodulation distortion refers to the fact that when two sinusoidal signals of frequencies f 1 and f 2, respectively, are simultaneously applied to a loudspeaker, the sum and difference frequency (f 2±f1、f2±2f1 …) components of f 1 and f 2 are included in the output acoustic signal of the loudspeaker in addition to the fundamental frequency component of the same frequency as the input signal. For most loudspeakers, intermodulation distortion is larger in the low frequency band and smaller in the high frequency band. Intermodulation distortion is mainly related to the nonlinear characteristics of the driving force coefficient, inductance and stiffness coefficient.
Intermodulation distortion is a key performance indicator of a loudspeaker and is directly related to the sound playback quality of the loudspeaker. At present, two methods are mainly adopted to predict intermodulation distortion of a loudspeaker: 1) The method is high in calculation speed based on the lumped parameter model method of the loudspeaker equivalent circuit, but the circuit model is complex to simulate a complex sound field environment, and modeling difficulty is high. In addition, the accuracy of distortion simulation is generally not high because of completely adopting a lumped parameter model; 2) The numerical simulation analysis method based on the multi-physical-field coupling of the loudspeaker has higher simulation precision, but the calculation model is difficult to converge or the calculation time is very long.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a simulation analysis method for intermodulation distortion of a loudspeaker.
The invention aims to solve the problems that when the intermodulation distortion of the loudspeaker is predicted by the existing simulation, on one hand, a complex sound field model is difficult to construct by adopting a lumped parameter model method and the distortion simulation precision is low, and on the other hand, the problem that the complex sound field model is difficult to converge or the solving speed is too slow by adopting a numerical simulation analysis method or a calculation model. The invention adopts a method combining a lumped parameter model method and a finite element method to simulate intermodulation distortion of the loudspeaker, which not only can be suitable for a plurality of complex sound field environments, but also can easily converge a calculation model, and has higher simulation calculation precision.
The invention provides a simulation analysis method of intermodulation distortion of a loudspeaker, which comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Determining small signal parameters of a loudspeaker;
according to the product design requirement, determining four small signal parameters of the loudspeaker, namely the voice coil direct flow resistance, the effective vibration mass, the mechanical resistance and the effective radiation area;
(2) Simulating a nonlinear driving force coefficient, a nonlinear inductance and a nonlinear stiffness coefficient of the loudspeaker;
1) The specific steps of the simulation of the nonlinear driving force coefficient are as follows:
A. Drawing or importing a geometric model of the magnetic circuit system of the loudspeaker and surrounding air thereof in numerical simulation analysis software;
B. setting all geometric model areas as 'magnetic field' physical field interfaces, setting the constitutive relation of materials of magnetic steel and magnetically conductive soft iron as 'residual magnetic flux density' and 'B-H curve', and inputting corresponding material parameters;
C. simulating by adopting a steady-state research type to obtain driving force coefficients of the voice coil at different geometric positions in the magnetic gap, namely obtaining nonlinear driving force coefficients of the loudspeaker;
2) The specific steps of the simulation nonlinear inductor are as follows:
A. Drawing or importing a geometric model of the magnetic circuit system of the loudspeaker and surrounding air thereof in numerical simulation analysis software;
B. setting all geometric model areas as 'magnetic field' physical field interfaces, setting the constitutive relation of materials of magnetic steel and magnetically conductive soft iron as 'residual magnetic flux density' and 'B-H curve', and inputting corresponding material parameters;
C. In a 'magnetic field' physical field interface, setting the geometric domain of the voice coil as a 'multi-turn coil', and inputting the number of turns, the conductivity of a wire, the wire diameter and the current of the voice coil;
D. The inductance of the voice coil at different geometric positions in the magnetic gap is obtained by adopting the frequency domain disturbance research type simulation, and the nonlinear inductance of the loudspeaker is obtained;
3) The specific steps of simulating the nonlinear stiffness coefficient are as follows:
A. Drawing or importing a geometric model of the loudspeaker vibration system in numerical simulation analysis software;
B. Setting all geometric model areas as 'solid mechanics' physical field interfaces, setting the outer edge boundaries of the bending ring and the centering support piece as 'fixed constraint', and loading a parameterized 'body load' on the voice coil;
C. Inputting Young modulus, poisson ratio and density of each component of the vibration system;
D. the displacement of the voice coil under different body loads is obtained by adopting a 'steady state' research type simulation, and stiffness coefficients under different displacement are further calculated to obtain nonlinear stiffness coefficients of the loudspeaker;
(3) Calculating the vibration speed time domain response of the loudspeaker;
Establishing an equivalent circuit model based on speaker lumped parameters, wherein the equivalent circuit model comprises the following steps: u is the speaker excitation voltage, u=u 0·[sin(ω1t)+sin(ω2t)],U0 is the voltage amplitude, ω 1 and ω 2 are the two angular frequencies of the input signal, their relationship to the input signal frequency is: omega 1＝2πf1,ω2＝2πf2, where f 1<f2, and there is no integer multiple of the relationship between the two angular frequencies. t is time, R e is voice coil direct flow resistance, i is current in voice coil, L e (x) is nonlinear inductance, bl (x) is nonlinear driving force coefficient, M ms is effective vibrating mass, R ms is mechanical resistance, K ms (x) is nonlinear stiffness coefficient, F m (x) is nonlinear detent force, Z a is the acoustic radiation impedance, which is calculated as follows:
In the above formula, ρ is air density, c is sound velocity, S d is effective radiation area, K is wave number, a is effective radius of loudspeaker diaphragm, J 1 (·) is first order cylindrical bessel function, K 1 (·) is first order modified bessel function, J is imaginary unit;
Listing a control differential equation of the equivalent circuit model of the loudspeaker through the equivalent circuit model:
Solving the above equation to obtain the time domain response x (t) of the vibration displacement of the loudspeaker, and then the time domain response v (t) of the vibration speed of the loudspeaker is the first derivative of x (t);
(4) Establishing a numerical simulation analysis model of a loudspeaker radiation sound field, wherein the method comprises the following specific steps;
A. drawing or importing a geometric model of a loudspeaker radiation surface and surrounding air domains thereof in numerical simulation analysis software;
B. Setting a ' pressure acoustics ' and transient ' physical field interface of an air domain, wherein the interface is defined as a perfect matching layer or an acoustic wave radiation boundary on the outer layer of the air domain;
C. defining a boundary condition of 'speed' on a radiation surface of the loudspeaker, wherein the 'speed' value is v (t) calculated in the step (3);
D. dividing grids of the radiation surface and the air domain, wherein the condition that at least 5-6 linear grid units exist in one sound wave wavelength is satisfied;
(5) Based on a numerical algorithm in finite element or boundary element software, the wave equation of the sound field is solved transiently, and the time step delta T is required to meet the Nyquist sampling law, namely 1/delta T is more than or equal to 2 omega;
(6) After the numerical calculation is completed, reading a sound pressure time domain response signal of any point in the sound field, performing spectrum analysis on a stable stage of the sound pressure time domain response signal, and extracting a fundamental frequency sound pressure component corresponding to f 2 and an intermodulation sound pressure component corresponding to frequency f 2±(n-1)f1 Then, n times intermodulation distortion M n of the speaker is calculated by the following equation:
intermodulation distortion n times:
preferably, the speaker comprises a moving coil speaker.
Preferably, the numerical simulation analysis software comprises COMSOLMultiphysics, ANSYS or LMS virtual.
The invention has the advantages that: the invention comprehensively considers the main nonlinear characteristics existing in the magnetic circuit system and the vibration system of the loudspeaker based on the lumped parameter model, is also suitable for finite element simulation of any complex sound field environment, and greatly reduces the calculation time while guaranteeing the intermodulation distortion simulation precision. The invention can rapidly and accurately predict intermodulation distortion of the loudspeaker, thereby shortening the research and development period of the loudspeaker and improving the design level of the loudspeaker.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a geometric model of a loudspeaker.
Fig. 3 is a partial small signal parameter table of a loudspeaker.
Fig. 4 is a 2D axisymmetric geometric model diagram of a loudspeaker magnetic circuit and its surrounding air-domain.
Fig. 5 is a graph of nonlinear driving force coefficients.
Fig. 6 is a non-linear inductance profile.
Fig. 7 is a 2D axisymmetric geometric model diagram of a loudspeaker vibration system.
Fig. 8 is a "fixed constraint" boundary diagram.
Fig. 9 is a table of material parameters for various components of the vibration system.
FIG. 10 is a graph of nonlinear stiffness coefficients.
Fig. 11 is a 2D axisymmetric geometric model diagram of the speaker radiating surface and its surrounding air domain.
Fig. 12 is an equivalent circuit model diagram of the speaker lumped parameters.
Fig. 13 is a boundary diagram of the external field calculation.
Fig. 14 is a spherical wave radiation boundary diagram.
Fig. 15 is a radiation surface view of a speaker.
Fig. 16 is a mesh division result diagram of the finite element model.
Fig. 17 is a sound pressure time domain response curve of the speaker.
Fig. 18 is a spectrum diagram of the sound pressure time domain response of the speaker.
Fig. 19 is a table of sound pressure fundamental frequency components and 2-3 intermodulation components.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
Taking a loudspeaker product (see fig. 2) as an example, the intermodulation distortion of the loudspeaker product is simulated and analyzed by COMSOLMultiphysics 6.1.1, and the method mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) Determining partial small signal parameters of the loudspeaker according to product design requirements, as shown in fig. 3;
(2) The simulation analysis model of the nonlinear driving force coefficient of the loudspeaker is established based on COMSOL software, and the specific steps are as follows:
A. drawing a 2D axisymmetric geometric model of the magnetic circuit system of the loudspeaker and the surrounding air of the magnetic circuit system by adopting a geometric tool of COMSOL software, as shown in figure 4;
B. setting the constitutive relation of the materials of the magnetic steel and the magnetically conductive soft iron as a residual magnetic flux density and a B-H curve respectively, and inputting the residual magnetic flux density, the relative magnetic permeability and the electric conductivity of the magnetic steel as 1.2[ T ], 1.05 and 5.6e6[ S/m ];
C. simulation of the "steady state" study type was used to obtain the driving force coefficients of the voice coil in the range of [ -4mm,4mm ] in the magnetic gap, as shown in FIG. 5;
(3) A simulation analysis model of the nonlinear inductance of the loudspeaker is established based on COMSOL software, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
A. drawing a 2D axisymmetric geometric model of the magnetic circuit system of the loudspeaker and the surrounding air of the magnetic circuit system by adopting a geometric tool of COMSOL software, as shown in figure 4;
B. setting the constitutive relation of the materials of the magnetic steel and the magnetically conductive soft iron as a residual magnetic flux density and a B-H curve respectively, and inputting the residual magnetic flux density, the relative magnetic permeability and the electric conductivity of the magnetic steel as 1.2[ T ], 1.05 and 5.6e6[ S/m ];
C. setting the geometric domain of the voice coil as a multi-turn coil, and inputting the turns, the conductivity, the wire diameter and the current of the voice coil to be 62, 6e7[ S/m ], 0.12[ mm ] and 1[ mA ] respectively;
D. The inductance of the voice coil in the range of [ -4mm,4mm ] in the magnetic gap is obtained by adopting the "frequency domain disturbance" research type simulation, as shown in fig. 6;
(4) The simulation analysis model of the nonlinear stiffness coefficient of the loudspeaker is established based on COMSOL software, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
A. drawing a 2D axisymmetric geometric model of the loudspeaker vibration system by using a geometric tool of COMSOL software, as shown in FIG. 7;
B. the outer edge boundaries of the folding ring and the centering support piece are set as 'fixed constraint', as shown in fig. 8;
C. loading a parameterized "body load" on the voice coil;
D. young's modulus, poisson's ratio, and density of the various components of the input vibration system, as shown in FIG. 9;
E. the displacement of the vibration system in the range of [ -5N,5N ] "body load" is obtained by adopting the "steady state" research type simulation, and stiffness coefficients under different displacement are further calculated, as shown in figure 10;
(5) The method comprises the following specific steps of establishing a lumped parameter model and a finite element model of the loudspeaker based on COMSOL software:
A. firstly, selecting a 2D axisymmetric analysis environment in COMSOL software;
B. Selecting a circuit and a pressure acoustics and transient physical field interface;
C. setting the research mode as transient;
D. Drawing a 2D axisymmetric geometric model of the speaker radiation surface and the surrounding air domain thereof by adopting a geometric tool of COMSOL software, as shown in FIG. 11;
E. Inputting the small signal parameters shown in fig. 3 in a global definition;
F. creating three interpolation functions, importing a nonlinear driving force coefficient curve, a nonlinear inductance curve and a nonlinear stiffness coefficient curve shown in fig. 5, 6 and 10, and defining names of the three interpolation functions as Bl (x), le (x) and Kms (x) respectively;
G. Establishing a loudspeaker equivalent circuit shown in fig. 12 in a "circuit" physical field interface, wherein the voltage source u=u 0 · (sin (2pi·50[ hz ] ·t+sin (2pi·430[ hz ] ·t));
H. setting a ' pressure acoustics ' and transient ' physical field interface:
1) Setting the thick solid line in fig. 13 as the "outfield calculation" boundary;
2) Setting the thick solid line in fig. 14 as a "spherical wave radiation" boundary;
3) The boundary with arrow distribution in fig. 15 is set as the "internal normal velocity" boundary, and the loudspeaker radiation surface vibration velocity expression obtained by the simulation of step G is input: r2_i;
I. and (5) meshing. Setting the grid type of the outer air layer as a mapping unit, setting the grid types of the radiating surface of the loudspeaker and the inner air domain as free triangle units, and setting the unit sizes as more detailed, wherein the result is shown in fig. 16;
"transient" study settings, set the calculated total time and time step to range (0, 0.1[ ms ],1100[ ms ]);
K. Extracting a sound pressure time domain response signal at a specified point (0, 150 mm) in the air domain after the calculation is finished, as shown in FIG. 17; (6) calculating intermodulation distortion, which comprises the following specific steps:
A. FFT spectrum analysis is carried out on the stable phase (100 ms-1100 ms) of the sound pressure time domain signal, and the result is shown in FIG. 18;
B. Extracting fundamental frequency components P 430Hz, 2-order intermodulation components P 380Hz and P 480Hz, and 3-order intermodulation components P 330Hz and P 530Hz corresponding to the 430Hz signal in fig. 18, as shown in fig. 19;
C. 2 times of intermodulation distortion and 3 times of intermodulation distortion of the loudspeaker are obtained through calculation of a correlation formula:
2 intermodulation distortion:
3 intermodulation distortion:
The invention provides a simulation analysis method for intermodulation distortion of a loudspeaker by combining a total parameter model and a finite element (or boundary element) method. The method is suitable for many complex sound field environments, the calculation model is easy to converge, and the simulation precision is high. The method can estimate the performance of the loudspeaker in the initial stage of the design of the loudspeaker product, thereby accelerating the design progress of the product, improving the design level of the product and reducing the research and development cost of the product.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the implementation process of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the technical solution described in the present invention. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above-described steps, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention may be modified or substituted for others, and all modifications thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention are intended to be included in the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (3)
1. A simulation analysis method of intermodulation distortion of a loudspeaker is characterized by at least comprising the following steps:
(1) Determining small signal parameters of a loudspeaker;
according to the product design requirement, determining four small signal parameters of the loudspeaker, namely the voice coil direct flow resistance, the effective vibration mass, the mechanical resistance and the effective radiation area;
(2) Simulating a nonlinear driving force coefficient, a nonlinear inductance and a nonlinear stiffness coefficient of the loudspeaker;
1) The specific steps of the simulation of the nonlinear driving force coefficient are as follows:
A. Drawing or importing a geometric model of the magnetic circuit system of the loudspeaker and surrounding air thereof in numerical simulation analysis software;
B. setting all geometric model areas as 'magnetic field' physical field interfaces, setting the constitutive relation of materials of magnetic steel and magnetically conductive soft iron as 'residual magnetic flux density' and 'B-H curve', and inputting corresponding material parameters;
C. simulating by adopting a steady-state research type to obtain driving force coefficients of the voice coil at different geometric positions in the magnetic gap, namely obtaining nonlinear driving force coefficients of the loudspeaker;
2) The specific steps of the simulation nonlinear inductor are as follows:
A. Drawing or importing a geometric model of the magnetic circuit system of the loudspeaker and surrounding air thereof in numerical simulation analysis software;
B. setting all geometric model areas as 'magnetic field' physical field interfaces, setting the constitutive relation of materials of magnetic steel and magnetically conductive soft iron as 'residual magnetic flux density' and 'B-H curve', and inputting corresponding material parameters;
C. In a 'magnetic field' physical field interface, setting the geometric domain of the voice coil as a 'multi-turn coil', and inputting the number of turns, the conductivity of a wire, the wire diameter and the current of the voice coil;
D. The inductance of the voice coil at different geometric positions in the magnetic gap is obtained by adopting the frequency domain disturbance research type simulation, and the nonlinear inductance of the loudspeaker is obtained;
3) The specific steps of simulating the nonlinear stiffness coefficient are as follows:
A. Drawing or importing a geometric model of the loudspeaker vibration system in numerical simulation analysis software;
B. Setting all geometric model areas as 'solid mechanics' physical field interfaces, setting the outer edge boundaries of the bending ring and the centering support piece as 'fixed constraint', and loading a parameterized 'body load' on the voice coil;
C. Inputting Young modulus, poisson ratio and density of each component of the vibration system;
D. the displacement of the voice coil under different body loads is obtained by adopting a 'steady state' research type simulation, and stiffness coefficients under different displacement are further calculated to obtain nonlinear stiffness coefficients of the loudspeaker;
(3) Calculating the vibration speed time domain response of the loudspeaker;
Establishing an equivalent circuit model based on speaker lumped parameters, wherein the equivalent circuit model comprises the following steps: u is the speaker excitation voltage, u=u 0·[sin(ω1t)+sin(ω2t)],U0 is the voltage amplitude, ω 1 and ω 2 are the two angular frequencies of the input signal, their relationship to the input signal frequency is: omega 1＝2πf1,ω2＝2πf2, where f 1<f2, and there is no integer multiple of the relationship between the two angular frequencies. t is time, R e is voice coil direct flow resistance, i is current in voice coil, L e (x) is nonlinear inductance, bl (x) is nonlinear driving force coefficient, M ms is effective vibrating mass, R ms is mechanical resistance, K ms (x) is nonlinear stiffness coefficient, F m (x) is nonlinear detent force, Z a is the acoustic radiation impedance, which is calculated as follows:
In the above formula, ρ is air density, c is sound velocity, S d is effective radiation area, K is wave number, a is effective radius of loudspeaker diaphragm, J 1 (·) is first order cylindrical bessel function, K 1 (·) is first order modified bessel function, J is imaginary unit;
Listing a control differential equation of the equivalent circuit model of the loudspeaker through the equivalent circuit model:
Solving the above equation to obtain the time domain response x (t) of the vibration displacement of the loudspeaker, and then the time domain response v (t) of the vibration speed of the loudspeaker is the first derivative of x (t);
(4) Establishing a numerical simulation analysis model of a loudspeaker radiation sound field, wherein the method comprises the following specific steps;
A. drawing or importing a geometric model of a loudspeaker radiation surface and surrounding air domains thereof in numerical simulation analysis software;
B. Setting a ' pressure acoustics ' and transient ' physical field interface of an air domain, wherein the interface is defined as a perfect matching layer or an acoustic wave radiation boundary on the outer layer of the air domain;
C. defining a boundary condition of 'speed' on a radiation surface of the loudspeaker, wherein the 'speed' value is v (t) calculated in the step (3);
D. dividing grids of the radiation surface and the air domain, wherein the condition that at least 5-6 linear grid units exist in one sound wave wavelength is satisfied;
(5) Transient solving of the sound field wave equation is carried out based on a finite element or boundary element numerical algorithm, and the time step delta T is required to meet the Nyquist sampling law, namely 1/delta T is more than or equal to 2 omega;
(6) After the numerical calculation is completed, reading a sound pressure time domain response signal of any point in the sound field, performing spectrum analysis on a stable stage of the sound pressure time domain response signal, and extracting a fundamental frequency sound pressure component corresponding to f 2 and an intermodulation sound pressure component corresponding to frequency f 2±(n-1)f1 Then, n times intermodulation distortion M n of the speaker is calculated by the following equation:
intermodulation distortion n times:
2.A method of simulated analysis of intermodulation distortion of a loudspeaker as claimed in claim 1, wherein said loudspeaker comprises a moving coil loudspeaker.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein said numerical simulation analysis software comprises COMSOL Multiphysics, ANSYS, or LMS virtual.
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