CN1180973A - 用于电视显示和控制的超级文本标示语言协议 - Google Patents

用于电视显示和控制的超级文本标示语言协议 Download PDF

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CN1180973A
CN1180973A CN97119042A CN97119042A CN1180973A CN 1180973 A CN1180973 A CN 1180973A CN 97119042 A CN97119042 A CN 97119042A CN 97119042 A CN97119042 A CN 97119042A CN 1180973 A CN1180973 A CN 1180973A
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马克·K·艾埃尔
米夏埃尔·菲尔德
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/43—Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
    • H04N21/435—Processing of additional data, e.g. decrypting of additional data, reconstructing software from modules extracted from the transport stream
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/47—End-user applications
    • H04N21/472—End-user interface for requesting content, additional data or services; End-user interface for interacting with content, e.g. for content reservation or setting reminders, for requesting event notification, for manipulating displayed content
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
    • H04N21/235—Processing of additional data, e.g. scrambling of additional data or processing content descriptors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/45—Management operations performed by the client for facilitating the reception of or the interaction with the content or administrating data related to the end-user or to the client device itself, e.g. learning user preferences for recommending movies, resolving scheduling conflicts
    • H04N21/462—Content or additional data management, e.g. creating a master electronic program guide from data received from the Internet and a Head-end, controlling the complexity of a video stream by scaling the resolution or bit-rate based on the client capabilities
    • H04N21/4622—Retrieving content or additional data from different sources, e.g. from a broadcast channel and the Internet
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L61/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for addressing or naming
    • H04L61/35—Network arrangements, protocols or services for addressing or naming involving non-standard use of addresses for implementing network functionalities, e.g. coding subscription information within the address or functional addressing, i.e. assigning an address to a function
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/43—Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
    • H04N21/431—Generation of visual interfaces for content selection or interaction; Content or additional data rendering
    • H04N21/4312—Generation of visual interfaces for content selection or interaction; Content or additional data rendering involving specific graphical features, e.g. screen layout, special fonts or colors, blinking icons, highlights or animations
    • H04N21/4316—Generation of visual interfaces for content selection or interaction; Content or additional data rendering involving specific graphical features, e.g. screen layout, special fonts or colors, blinking icons, highlights or animations for displaying supplemental content in a region of the screen, e.g. an advertisement in a separate window
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/47—End-user applications
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/47—End-user applications
    • H04N21/485—End-user interface for client configuration

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Abstract

利用一超级文本标示语言(HTML)在电视屏幕上提供文本和图形显示。屏幕显示装置使得用户在作为控制电视和非电视应用功能的功能调用之外还能执行对HTML编码数据的不同页面的超级连接。一种方法提供被处理的HTML编码显示数据来得到适宜在电视上再现的信号。本发明使得设计者能将Internet(互联网)的大量的HTML资源适用于供娱乐、教育或信息用的电视环境之中。

Description

用于电视显示和控制的超级文本标示语言协议
本发明是关于电视译码器中利用超级文本标示语言(HTML)提供文本和图形显示的设备和方法。此外还将HTML加以修正以适用于控制各种电视功能。
超级文本标示语言(Hypertext Markup Language，HTML)是一用来对文件加以标记以指明文件应如何显示和各种文件应如何连接到一起的系统。HTML已被广泛地应用于提供称之为Internet(互联网)的计算机通信网络上的文件。Internet包括大量收集存贮于被称之为World Wide Web(全球系统网，即Web)的系统中的全世界计算机中的互连文件。这些文件被组织成Web空间，其中一Web空间包括一内部页面和到可能在本地Web空间或外部Web空间内的其他文件的连接。这样的连接被称之为超级连接(hyper link)。文件可包含运动图象、文本、图形显示、和声音。
HTML是一种由国际标准化组织(ISO)所规定的标准概括性标示语言(SGML)形式，参考号ISO 8879：1986。HTML规定被插进数据文件中的标示符的文法和语法，以定义数据在被一称之为浏览程序(browser)的计算机程序读取时如何表达。通常被存贮在Web服务器上的数据文件包含一个或多个由具有可能运行不同浏览程序的计算机的用户所访问的Web页面。在一般通过电话线路访问一页面时，HTML数据被下载到用户的计算机。计算机的浏览程序对数据加以处理将页面规格进行格式化以便使用户能在计算机屏幕上观察此页面。
SGML文件包括三部分。第一部分描述语言中所用的字符组，即代码。第二部分定义文件类型和哪一标示符被识别。第三部分被叫做文件范例，含有实际文本和标示符。此三部分可被存放在不同的文件中。而且，HTML还假定不同页面的文件含有一公共字符组和文件类型，所以对不同页面仅只文本和标记符会改变。
HTML的基本字符组为Latin-1(ISO8859/1)，它是带有大部分美国或欧州语言中字符的8位的字母。128字符标准ASCII(ISO646)是Latin-1的一个7位的子集。为了简单和与不同浏览程序兼容，许多Web页面仅只包含ASCII字符组。而且可将非ASCII字符利用ASCII字符的序列来加以定义。例如，字符“e”被定义为“&egrave”。
HTML字符被置于斜角括号内以使它们有别于页面文本。这些字符可单独出现，或者出现在页面文本一字段的起头和结尾。例如，<P>指出一新段的开始，而<I>Welcome to my home Page</I>则指明短语“Welcome to my home page”应作斜体字打印。通常，HTML标记提供文本格式化，超级文本对其它页面的连接，和到声音及图形文件的连接。HTML标记还为交互式Web页面定义输入字段。
下表表明一些较通用的HTML代码和功能：HTML代码  说明
<A>锚代码-定义文本的节作为超级连接或另一超级连接的目标<blockquote>加括号的文本<BODY>页面的主要部分<B>黑体字<！-comment->作者注释-不出现在页面上<EM>强调的文本，常作斜体字<HEAD>首标或标题<HR>横向法则<HTML>指明HTML文件<I>斜体字化<BR>行断开<LI>表项<UL>无序表<OL>有序表<P>开始一新段<STRON>极强调的文本，常常作黑体字<TITLE>文件的标题<TT>打印机文本<U>下划线
另外当前存在有三个标准化的HTML等级。等级1定义一所有Web浏览程序必须与之兼容的基本级。等级2除为定义用户输入字段的标记外还包含等级1的元素。等级3增加用于各种特性例如表、数字和数学等式的标示符。这些等级是完全向后兼容的。
之所以称之为超级文本是因为它使得用户能利用超级连接按不同的次序访问不同的页面而不按预定的线性方式。而且被称作为超级媒体的特定超级文本应用程序包含元素而不是文本，例如图象，视频，和音频。HTML可指明对多媒体对象的连接。HTML超级文本页面中的连接常常作为被称之为连接的锚的强亮度文本出现。而且，一个图象，例如一图标可是一个锚，它可例如由用户采用鼠标或其他指示装置在该图标上按键来激活。另外，被称之为图象图的图象包含有多个其本身为单独的锚的区域。
HTML应用程序由将HTML文件存贮在一可为服务器访问的目录中而能为Web上的用户应用。这样的服务器通常为符合称之为超级文本传送协议(HTTP)的支持Web浏览程序的协议的Web服务器。符合其他协议例如文件传送协议(FTP)或GOPHER的服务器也可以应用但不支持交互式HTML文件。
HTTP定义一组在服务器和浏览程序相互通信时遵循的规则。一般，当用户对作为一超级连接的锚的HTML页面中的图标加以按键选择或者用户打印输入一致资源定位器(URL)时过程即开始。然后在由此URL所指定的地址和端口号上连接到服务器。接着，浏览程序发送请求由服务器检索对象，或登记数据到服务器上的对象。服务器发送包含状态码和应答数据的应答到浏览程序。然后关闭浏览程序和服务器之间的连接。
FTP是一由传送控制协议/互连网协议(TCP/IP)协议栈所支持的文件传送控制协议。具体地说，FTP是面向一段时间的而HTTP则不是。从而与HTTP不同，利用FTP，要求服务器保持一活动客户的列表。
GOPHER是一使用户能通过一菜单驱动系统访问各种Internet资源的标引系统。
其他协议包括TELNET，NEWS，或MAILTO。TELNET程序使用户能连接到另一计算机并象用户正坐在该计算机的键盘边那样利用它。NEWS指明应建立对一USENET新闻组的连接，例如为访问一特定的新闻。MAILTO指明互联网邮件协议。如果用户指定一邮件型URL的目标，浏览程序将打开一窗口使用户能生成欲传送到所指定的电子邮件(e-mail)地址的邮件消息。上面这些协议被Internet EngineeringTask Force(IETF，互联网工程任务工作组)标准化并为大多数Web浏览程序所支持。
URL是实际标识Internet上的所有文件和资源的唯一地址。URL具有形式：
method：//server：port/path/file#anchor。
访问资源的“method(方法)”为Web浏览程序支持的协议，可包括例如HTTP，FTP，GOPHER，TELNET，NEWS，或MAILTO。“server：port(服务器：端口)”指明提供资源的服务器的名称，即被称之为Internet域名。例如，许多公司将利用它们的公司名称作为服务器字段的部分。端口命名是服务器上的端口号，但经常因假定一缺省端口而不被应用。“path(通道)”指明到达资源的目录通道。文件指明资源的文件名。“anchor(锚)”指明HTML文件中被命名的元素。不一定需要全部字段。
例如考虑下面的URL：
http：//www.company.com/news/june.html。访问方法是HTTP，服务器是www.company.com，无指定端口，通道是news，文件是june.html，没有锚。FTP、GOPHER、TELNET、NEWS、和MAILTO URL的示例分别为：
ftp：//ftp.uu.net/doc/literary/obi/world.Factobook：
gopher：//gopher.micro.umn.edu/；
telet：//compuserve.com/；
news：alt.cows.moo；和
mailto：president@whitehouse.gov。
而且，交互式Web应用程序采用一被称为公共通路接口(CGI)的顾客-服务器标准。CGI程序实时生成HTML以便产生动态生成的Web页面。CGI程序，即原稿，执行多种Web功能。例如，一称为图象图的CGI程序处理服务器用的图象图。而且HTML经常要求CEG原稿处理用户输入的信息。CEG原稿的作用是作为Web服务器和其他计算机应用程序间的接口，包括数据库管理器和指令处理系统。
鉴于利用HTML生成的Web页面和其它资源的应用的迅速增长，提供一种使这些资源能通过电视或其他广播或者预先记录的媒体由用户等应用的方案是十分有利的。特别是希望提供为教育和娱乐目的的电视中应用的图形和文本显示。这样的显示应在可能的程序上与包含最佳译码器等在内的发送和接收设备相兼容，还应与当前的通信协议例如那些用于通过卫星和/或有线设施传送数字电视信号的当前通信协议相兼容。
另外，系统还应提供除象为购买点播的近视频电视节目或其它家庭购物产品或服务的交互操作外的控制各种电视功能如频道选择、音量和语言等的能力，以及非电视应用功能例如用于相关的声音设备或者家庭供暖和空调系统，安全系统等。本发明提供以上的或其他的优点。
按照本发明，提供由电视译码器应用的利用超级文本标示语言(HTML)提供文本和图形显示的设备和方法。此外，本发明还在非电视功能如对自动家庭供热系统等进行编程之外还能控制各种电视功能，例如频道选择、音量、或语言。按照本发明，Internet(互连网)的大量HTML资源可被用于娱乐、教育或信息目的的电视环境中。
为提供用于电视的显示数据的方法包括提供包含按照超级文本标示语言编码的显示数据的数据信号的步骤。此显示数据信号被处理以提供适宜于电视或类似的视频显示应用上再现的信号。特别是，此显示数据可以使用户能引用超级连接来观看显示数据的不同部分，例如不同的显示数据页面。此显示数据还可被用来使得用户能行使功能调用用来控制可以是或不是与电视有关的或节目服务信号相关的功能。
此外，此显示数据可提供关于一相关的视频节目服务信号，如网络电视广播信号。此显示数据可提供有关一特色影片或其它特定表述的信息，即可以提供具有节目编排信息的节目指南。此显示数据可包含一观众输入字段，使能由付费来观看相关的视频节目服务信号。例如，当提供有在电视译码器与有线系统头端或其他节目服务提供器之间的交互作用能力时，用户就可以输入授权购买按观看付费的节目的口令。
再有，此显示数据信号和相关的视频节目服务信号可被处理来以重叠(例如组合的)状态在电视上进行显示。例如，可将显示数据置于边缘区内，而将视频节目服务信号加到所嵌入的区域内，或者反之。另一方面也可以设置分割屏幕，画中画，或其他构型。
此显示数据使得用户能使用超级连接和功能调用来观看显示数据和/或相关的视频节目服务信号。例如，显示数据可被用来提供具有可由用户通过遥控来选择的按钮式或图形或文本装置的屏幕。当一特定按钮被选择时，对应的超级连接和/或功能调用即可促成包含有附加的显示数据(例如：附加的HTML页面)和/或一特定视频节目服务频道的屏幕的显示，还可控制特定的电视功能，如音量，静噪等，或者非电视功能，如上所述。
还介绍了相应的设备。
另外，提供电视用的显示数据的接收机。此接收机可以是一具有为接收包括按照超级文本标示语言编码的显示数据的数据信号的输入的电视译码器(如一最先进的组件)。而且包含一显示数据处理器用于处理显示数据信号以提供适于在电视上再现的信号。
此接收机还具有一个用于接收视频节目服务信号的输入，和用于处理视频节目服务信号的视频处理器。此处理器可执行视频去压缩处理。显示数据提供有关视频节目服务信号的信息。
接收机中的用户命令处理器与显示数据处理器作运行连系用于接收为使得能选择观看显示数据的用户命令。用户命令可由例如红外遥控发射器或者鼠标器或其它指示装置提供。而且，用户命令处理器可与视频处理器相结合工作来接收为使得能选择观看视频节目服务信号的用户命令。即就是说，由用户输入的命令可被用户命令处理器接收并送至视频处理器来提供适当的动作。这样，用户就能选择他希望观看的节目服务和显示数据，以及选择特定的观看格式，例如，纵横比(如影片组块格式)，色彩设置，亮度，对比度，或其他显示选择。
显示数据可包含表示按照用户命令处理器实现的功能调用的URL，以使得能选择控制有关电视或非电视装置的功能。例如，一显示数据屏幕可包含一按钮，它启动为改变电视的音量或为选择可用的声道或闭路的加有标题的信号的语言的功能调用。另一按钮可启动为设定例如家庭供暖和空调系统。而且，功能调用的语法和所得功能之间的关系可按照这里揭示的一致资源定位器语法来确定。
对所列附图的简要说明：
图1为按照本发明的电视发送系统的方框图；
图2为按照本发明的电视接收机的方框图；
图3为具有按照本发明的HTML/HTVP显示数据的屏幕的说明图；
图4为具有按照本发明的与视频节目服务信号相组合的HTML/HTVP显示数据的屏幕的说明图；和
图5为具有按照本发明的为选择电视和非电视应用功能调用的HTML/HTVP显示数据的屏幕的说明图。
介绍的方法和设备是用于电视译码器为采用超级文本标示语言(HTML)来提供文本和图形显示。另外，HTML被用于按这里定义为“HTVP”的超级文本标示语言协议控制各种电视和其他功能。HTVP可被看作为一种被用于实现按照本发明的功能的一种HTML型式。
作为开发和定义未来的协议所依据的框架的HTVP概念构成于URL语法的HTML页面所用的方法上。如已提到的，URL即一致资源定位器一般定义三项内容：通信协议，该协议要用的逻辑访问途径，和对象名称。对象类型示例包括位图图象，其他HTML页面，和实际上任何格式或类型的文件。
HTVP URL型式表示HTML语法中与URL相关的一个新功能。按照本发明的HTVP URL的通用形式被定义为：
htvp：//function-domain/receiver-function？function-parameters
“function-domain(功能域)”字段标识所识别的功能为其中一部分的接收机功能族。标准的或缺省function-domain可被定义为“std”。此std功能可定义一组(即一族)可被作为公开标准被公众普遍利用的公用功能。另外也可定义一专有的function-domain，仅被一特定公司的接收机识别。例如，可采用“company(公司)”的function-domain。不识别一定域内的功能的接收机将忽略它们被引用的URL。
“receiver-function(接收机功能)”字段标识一专门的接收机功能或应用程序接口(API)。例如，当接收机为一电视译码器(例如最新组件)时，功能就可包括“channel-up(频道上升)”，“select-virtual-channel(选择虚拟频道)，”，“buy-program(购买节目)”，“buy-package(购买报文组)”，“link-to-page(连接到页面)”，“VIEW”，“select-language(选择语言)”，“mute-audio(静噪音频)”，等等。这些receiver-function字段指示译码器按指示调整电视显视和/或声音。
“function-parameters(功能参数)”字段提供欲被传送到接收机执行其中的功能的参数的任选表。这些参数可被用来选择子功能或者提供固定的参数值。例如，当receiver-function字段为“select-virtual-channel”时，所需的参数将为应显示节目的频道号。在这种情况下，例如要取得虚拟频道444的URL将具有语法：
htvp：//std/select-virtual-channel？channel＝444。
这样，function-parameters字段为“channel＝444”。
另外，function-parameters字段可包含多于一个参数，其中各参数的形式是：
parameter-ID＝parameter-Value，参数间的划分由符号&指明。例如一标识具有三个各自的值为“value1”、“value2”、和“value3”的参数“parm1”、“parm2”和“parm3”的称之为“function-1”的标识HTVP receiver-function的URL，其语法为：
htvp：//std/function-1？parm1＝value1&parm2＝value2&parm3＝value3例如，function1可允许用户通过交互式有线电视网购买各种产品或服务，其中parm1、parm2和parm3指明购买号，而value1、value2、和value3指明所选项目。
此外，此function-parameters字段还可被结合进文件名称字段后面的HTML页面用的URL中。可以提供交互作用性能使得用户能与采用类似于Web浏览程序的命令操作的处理器对话。即就是，用户可利用一鼠标器、其他指示装置、红外发射器、或键盘等的输入装置输入、即选择一function-parameters字段。处理器接收所输入的function-parameters字段，将此字段附加到一URL上，并发送回一请求到一服务器。
例如，用户可能希望利用电视检索股票信息。在此情况下，假定相关的Web地点为“www.stocks.com”，相关的服务器文件为“quotes”和用户输入的function-parameters字段将为由Web地点识别的特定股票的符号(如GM)，例如“tick＝GM”，在此，parameter-ID＝tick，和parameter-value＝GM。在此情况下，处理器发送如下URL至Web地点服务器：
http：//www.stocks.com/quotes？tick＝GM。
这里“？”由HTML FORM命令的定义指明，作为服务器上执行数据库搜索的程序名称(在此情况中为“quotes”)与进入它的参数(例如tick＝GM)之间的分隔符。用来限定参数和它们的值的语法按HTML FORM类型中的POST方法同样地定义。
通常，超级文本标示元素FORM被用于定义含有为由观众输入的对象的页面的区域。对象可以是输入字段和其它交互式对象，如弹出菜单、校验框和按钮。一页上可以有任何数量的形式，每一形式分别以标记(FORM>和</FORM)开始和结束。开始的FORM标记取指明以用户输入的信息进行动作的ACTION属性。ACTION属性取URL作为它的值，它可以是CGI原稿的URL或者是MAILTO URL。例如，当接收到输入字段“tick＝GM”时，动作为发送形式HTML页面，以提供包括股票价格的请求的信息。POST标示元素指明此FORM内容是标准结构。
图1为按照本发明的电视发送系统的方框图。此系统包含一整体以100表示的发送器端和总体以150表示的接收端。发送端100包含一节目服务功能105，它包括来自网络电视台等的视频和音频节目服务。可作为数字数据传送的节目服务音频/视频数据与来自HTML/HTVP数据功能110的HTML/HTVP数据多路化。此HTML/HTVP数据可以与某些或全部节目服务相关并包含例如显示屏幕，它使用户能购买节目或其他产品服务，或者提供关于可能的节目服务的信息，例如影片评论，节目指南等等。另外HTML/HTVP数据还可提供不相联系的信息，例如股票报价、气象信息、航空旅行表，或者实际上任何以HTML构成的资源。而且，HTML/HTVP数据可包含用于控制各种电视功能的信息。
节目服务数据和HTML/HTVP数据被提供给一多路复用器115，它输出一对应的组合信号到发射天线120。发射天线通过卫星125发送信号至接收天线155。信号可被作为符合例如运动图象专家组(MPEG-2)标准的包格式化的数据运送流加以传递。
此运送流被提供给有线系统源160，在此可对数据进行处理以分配给有线系统用户。例如，可作各种解密/加密和播散/收集操作。另外还可插入本地商业广告和节目。而且在有线系统头端160，有可能利用图中未表示的装置在由功能110所提供的来自本地商业和广播业的HTML/HTVP数据。而且此运送流可通过一直接的广播卫星系统、微波广播系统等直接播送给用户。
有线系统头端160通过图示的代表性中心165和170以及幅射线将运送流分配给用户。在用户家180，译码器接收运送流对之进行译码并提供声频和视频信号以便在电视188或类似的视频显示设备上再现。
图2为按照本发明的电视接收机的方框图。图中总体以180表示的译码器对应于图1的译码器。译码器180由有头端，或者由直接广播卫星通信网的卫星接收运送流。此运送流在多路分配器205处作多路分配来恢复HTML/HTVP数据和节目服务音频/视频数据(如图示)。节目服务数据在语法分析程序220作语法分析并被提供给存贮器管理器225。可包含有中央处理单元的存贮器管理器依靠与视频去压缩处理器240、音频去压缩处理器245和存贮器235交互作用来控制音频和视频的译码。
可包括动态随机存取存贮器(DRAM)的存贮器235被用来在译码和在电视屏幕上显示视频信号之前暂时存贮视频图象。视频去压缩处理器240提供多种处理功能，例如差错检测和校正，运动向量译码，逆量化，逆离散余弦变化，霍夫曼译码和预测计算。经去压缩处理器240处理后，视频图形被输出到组合器250。或者经译码的数据可被暂时存贮在存贮器235中。
音频去压缩处理器245利用例如逆量化、霍夫曼译码、和频谱成形算法处理音频数据。
存贮器管理器225从用户命令处理器230接收命令，后者则通过终端232接收用户命令。用户命令例如可由鼠标或其他指示装置、键盘、或红外遥控器等输入。用户命令处理器230可通过有线设备或电话线将用户请求信号提供给有线头端以实现交互作用能力，还能给组合器250提供控制信号。另外，可采用装置(来作图示)来保持如在存贮-和-转送例行程序中周期地发送到有线头端或其他广播站的用户命令的记录。存贮器管理器225还由HTVP处理器215接收命令。
HTML/HTVP处理器215与存贮器210进行通信和由多路分配器205接收HTML/HTVP数据。处理器215可包含有一执行类似于Web浏览程序的基于HTML代码的中央处理单元。HTML/HTVP处理器还由用户命令处理器230接收命令。由处理器215提供的HTML/HTVP显示数据然后被加到组合器250，在此它可选择地与来自处理器240的视频数据相组合以产生电视屏幕上的图形显示，其中，显示数据重叠节目服务数据，或相反。存贮器210可包含使电视屏幕上所显示的HTML/HTVP能连接到其他HTML/HTVP页面的服务图数据。此外应注意HTML/HTVP代码通过运送流或电话线路(未图示)被下载到译码器180，和/或通过例如一类智能卡作局部安装。
图3说明具有按照本发明的HTML/HTVP显示数据的屏幕。总体以300表示的屏幕包括利用来自图2中处理器215的HTML/HTVP显示数据所提供的HTML/HTVP页面。屏幕300除提供交互作用能力外还可包括各种文本和图形显示。例如，屏幕300包含定义至其他HTML/HTVP页面或功能调用的按钮305、310、315、320、335、340和345。这些按钮可由用户通过指示装置、红外遥控等加以选择。这些按钮可包含通知和愉悦用户的文本和/或图象，如标图。
按钮305通知用户，由按压遥控器的键板上的“←”键，就可以例如选择先前的HTVP显示页面来加以观察。再来看图2，当用户命令处理器230接收到用户命令时，就将其传送给HTVP处理器215以使此处理器提供适当的显示数据到电视机。而且，用户命令处理器230可提供信号给存贮器管理器225以便与HTVP数据相结合地、或者取代它地提供节目服务的音频和/或视频。
按钮310通知用户，由按压“→”键可选择下一页面用于观看。按钮315通知用户，由按压“*”键，可选择包含节目指南的页面用于观看。按钮320通知用户，由按压“？”键，可选择带有帮助信息的页面用于观看。按钮335通知观众，由按压“1”键，可观看带有影片评论的页面。按钮340通知观众，由按压“2”键，可观看带有关于影片主演的信息的页面。按钮345通知观众，由按压“3”键，可观看带有关于明天的特色影片的信息的页面。
另外，屏幕300包含一区域325，它不启动超级连接而是提供相关的文本和/或图象，如一特色影片的名称。字段330为一提供交互作用能力的HTVP输入段。交互式有线电视系统正日益变得普遍。这样的系统使用户能由他们住地发送信号到有线系统头端来预计包括点播的近视频(NVOD，near-video-on-demand)的每次观看付费的影片，运动或其他节目服务，通过家庭购物频道购买物品或服务，或者参加评述、争论等。或者，如果有线设施不提供这种交互作用的能力，电视译码器可被耦合到电话线路来自动拔动一保持有记帐和授权记录的计算机，例如在存贮-和-转送例行程序中。此二种情况下均要求可寻址的译码器。
特别是，输入字段330使用户能例如利用手持遥控器上的键板输入口令授权购买每次观看付费的节目。再来看图2，当用户命令处理器接收到此口令时，它将其发送到有线头端或其他授权地点。当请求被认可时，对应的节目服务和/或HTML/HTVP数据将按所讨论方式被发送到译码器180。
图4说明带有按照本发明与视频节目服务信号相结合的HTVP显示屏幕的屏幕。总体以400表示的屏幕包含HTML/HTVP显示数据与节目服务视频的组合即重叠。为在电视显示中提供多重图象(例如画中画)的技术是本技术领域中公知的。任一这样的公知技术均可用来提供图4的组合显示。
在所示例中，屏幕400包含一子区域即夹入区410，其中显示一视频节目服务。元素305、310、320、325和330与有关图3的讨论中的相同。这一屏幕结构使用户能观看可能是用户已观看过的当前频道的节目服务视频，并还同时观看周边区域420中的HTML/HTVP显示数据以了解其它可用的节目内容。另外，子区域410可提供对每次观看付费节目的免费的介绍性的预览，而周围区域420中的HTML/HTVP显示则提供有关预定整个节目的信息。
而且，屏幕400可提供一被以与子区域410中表示的视频图象无关的信息实时更新的HTML/HTVP显示。例如，HTML/HTVP数据可提供股票价格或天气信息，而子区域410则使用户能独立地观看任何可能的节目服务。还有一种可能是，HTML/HTVP显示可被加在子区域410内作为时表示于周围区域420中的节目服务视频的重叠。还可能有其他的变型和组合，包括屏面分割和画中画。
再有，用户可提供命令来切换或变更HTML/HTVP显示与节目服务视频的相对位置。图2的用户命令处理器230将响应用户命令发送控制信号到HTML/HTVP处理器215、存贮器管理器225、和/或组合器250来控制到电视的输出信号。
此HTVP观念可延伸到各种应用程序。例如，它可提供一作为给用户提供多个相互连接的文本/图形屏幕的虚拟频道的文本服务。在利用图文电视(如封闭的字幕)时，每一屏幕的源数据以转盘式、即循环的状态广播，以使得一完整页面的数据通过多个连续发送周期一个或数段地发送。译码器必须等待到所希望的页面完全被发送。当整个页面被俘获时，它被存储进存贮器，例如一随机存取存贮器(RAM)(例如存贮器210)中，供随后的处理和显示。
在一应用程序中，HTVP能提供报告反回细节，在这一情况下，可采用一标准应用程序接口(API)。API是一组为建立一应用程序的预定的功能。例如，可应用一API定义特定的设计、色彩、或模式。而且API可用来建立包含一按钮的HTML页面，该按钮在被选择时促使一串参数被译码器中的存贮-和-转送例行程序处理。例如，一API可包含要呼叫的电话号和要传送的消息。一选项使得能或者立即报告或者作存贮和转送操作。
另一选项可能要求正确输入口令来启动功能。尽管不是参数表的部分，此数据报告也能包含为通告此请求或报告的头端的上游设备的部件地址。这样，例如，一译码器可在译码器不正常运行时自动地向有线系统头端报告诊断信息。
HTVP概念可支持各种其他功能。下表中，第一列列举推荐的HTVP语法，第二列说明相关功能。按照本发明利用所建议语法实现一功能就叫做“功能调用”。HTVP命令可被连接到电视屏幕接口上适当的按钮或其他图形显示以便于进行选择。
  语法                          功能htvp：//std/channel_down    调谐到下一较低频道号htvp：//std/channel_up               调谐到下一较高频道号htvp：//std/getchannel_number        返回表示频道号的ASCII文本串htvp：//std/getchannel_name          返回表示频道名的ASCII文本串htvp：//std/mute                     使能音频静噪htvp：//std/unmute                   清除音频静噪htvp：//std/volume_down              降低一级音量htvp：//std/volume_up                提高一级音量htvp：//std/program_name             返回程序名htvp：//std/purchase？item＝xxx      记录以一项目识别符指定的项目
                                 的购买。可被用于促进按每次观看
                                 或与当前正观看的内容无关的项目
                                 的付费。htvp：//std/skip_back                改变频道到早于当前频道的NVOD节
                                 目的剧场htvp：//std/set_language？lang＝xxx；设定语言[audio|subtitle]htvp：//std/ir_bast？string＝xxx     利用红外发射器发送括号内的字符
                                 串(xxx)
上表中，“红外发射器”是指一按照用户接收的红外或其他命令发送红外信号的辅助红外发射装置。例如，用户可由手持式发射器发送红外命令到一尖端译码器以观看一特定的电视频道。译码器将执行此将电视转换到适当频道的功能调用，还将一红外信号发送到例如一VCR使此VCR开始记录，或发送到一音频部件使该部件以特定模式运行(例如环绕声)。
而且，HTML/HTVP概念可延伸到使观众能在一设备被连接到译码器时控制此非电视机的家用设备。例如，HTVP页面可提供超级连接、输入字段、和功能调用，使观众能对家庭保安系统、取暖和制冷系统、火警报警系统等进行编程以方便生活或节约能源。
例如，图5说明按照本发明的带有为选择功能调用的HTML/HTVP显示数据的屏幕。提供电视和非电视功能调用两者。整体以500表示的此屏幕包含“TV Control(电视控制)”字段510，“Home Systems(家庭系统)”字段530，和“Audio Center(音频中心)”字段550。此TV Control(TV控制)字段510使用户能控制各种与电视相关的功能。在所示说明中，纵横比可由用户选择按钮512控制为标准的(std)纵横比，而按钮514用于“movie(影片)”纵横比。视频图象的色度浓淡水平由条块516表示，而亮度则由条块518表示。
例如，在纵横比改变时，用户命令被提供给用户命令处理器230，它然后指示存贮器管理器225和视频去压缩处理器240来提供带有适当纵横比的视频信号。这是一与电视相关的功能调用示例，因为是利用HTML/HTVP显示屏幕来控制电视功能。
在Home System(家庭系统)字段530中，如用户的家庭保安系统这样的安全系统包含一“on”按钮532和一“off”按钮534。供热系统可利用“set”按钮536或“auto”按钮538加以控制。此设定(set)按钮536使用户能选择预订的设定，而自动(auto)按钮538则可设置缺省提问档。此二种情况中，用户提供一命令到用户命令处理器230，后者即对安全或供热系统提供适当的信号。参看图2，译码器180可被提供一接口装置(未图示)来将适当的控制信号提供给欲通过屏幕500控制的非电视系统。这是一与非电视有关的功能调用示例，因为是在利用HTML/HTVP显示屏幕来控制非电视功能和/或设备。
这里所定义的非电视功能或设备是指除电视外的任何装置、设备或系统，例如包括有供热或空调系统，安全系统，空气过滤系统，或者如水加热器、洗衣机、洗碗机等的家用器具。另外，此术语还包括电气设备，如再现、记录或者处理节目服务信号的音频部分的音频放大器，滤波器，以及象那些采用数字音带、磁光盒式带和可记录的光盘等的记录装置。此术语还包括为记录或处理电视以外的节目服务信号的视频部分的模拟电子设备，包括那些采用数字视盘和激光盘的在内。此外，如图2的译码器180那样的译码器也可被看作为一非电视设备。
在Audo Center(音频中心)字段550中，由条块552表示环绕声级，而一特殊效果开关可由“on”按钮554和“off”按钮556来控制。在这种情况中用户提供命令到用户命令处理器230，后者即给音频设备提供适当的信号。这是有关非电视的功能调用的另一例。
在图5的示例中，按照欲传送的信息和所希望的屏幕外观可能有各种其他选择的显示。而且，特定按钮或其他接口装置的选择，例如Home Systems字段530中的设定按钮536可选择带有附加功能调用选项的至另一显示数据屏幕的超级连接。例如，在选择设定按钮536之后，可显示一屏幕使得用户能在每天不同的时间、每周不同的时日、和/或在被供热的住宅或单位的不同区域设定所希望的温度。
而且，译码器180可设置有维持此被选择的安排表的定时手段(未作图示)。这样，不能编程或自动化的供热系统就能通过采用HTML/HTVP数据的电视屏幕按自动化的方式加以控制。其他设备，例如象洗碗机、热水加热器、或者咖啡机等也可按这种方式控制。任何情况下，HTML/HTVP数据给用户提供表示可能的节目选项的显示，并以完成发送适当的命令信号至电视机或与非电视相关的设备的功能调用来应答用户的命令。
鉴于以上所述，应理解到本发明提供一种电视译码器应用的采用超级标示语言(HTML)的文本和图形显示的设备和方法。另外，以被称为HTVP的语法HTML能适用于控制各种电视和非电视相关的功能。因而本发明为电视观众提供娱乐、教育和信息显示。而且，本发明还使观众能执行超级连接和功能调用以便观看附加的HTML/HTVP页面和/或节目服务视频，或者启动各种电视、非电视、或译码器功能。此外，本发明与实际上任何类型的节目服务兼容，包括电视、象股票价格及气象数据等的信息服务，和包含游戏和其他节目在内的以软件实现的音频/视频节目。
虽然本发明的描述是结合各种特定实施例进行的，但熟悉本技术领域的人们将会理解，可对之作大量的修改和变型而不致背离如权利要求中所提出的本发明的精神实质和范畴。

Claims (20)

1.一种为提供电视应用的显示数据的方法，包括步骤：
提供包括按照一超级文本标示语言编码的所述显示数据的数据信号；
从所述数据流复原所述数据信号；和
处理所述数据信号以提供适应在电视上再现的信号，
其中，所述显示数据使用户能执行功能调用来控制电视和非电视应用至少之一的所选择的功能。
2.权利要求1的方法，其中：
所述显示数据使用户能执行超级连接来观看所述显示数据的被选择部分。
3.前述权利要求之一的方法，其中：
所述显示数据使用户能执行功能调用来观看有关视频节目服务信号的被选择部分。
4.前述权利要求之一的方法，其中：
所述显示数据提供关于一有关视频节目服务信号的信息。
5.前述权利要求之一的方法，其中：
所述显示数据提供一观众输入字段用于使得能基于付费来观看有关的视频节目服务信号。
6.前述权利要求之一的方法，还包括步骤：
处理所述数据信号和所述有关视频节目服务信号来以重叠方式在电视上显示。
7.前述权利要求之一的方法，其中：
所述数据信号和有关视频节目服务信号在一数字运送数据流中传送。
8.一种提供电视应用的显示数据的设备，包括：
用于提供包括按照一超级文本标示语言编码的所述显示数据的数据信号的装置；
用于从所述数据流复原所述数据信号的装置；
为处理所述数据信号以提供适宜于在电视上再现的信号的处理器，和
响应所述显示数据使用户能执行功能调用来控制电视和非电视应用至少之一的所选择的功能的手段。
9.权利要求8的设备，其中：
所述显示数据使用户能执行超级连接来观看所述显示数据的被选择部分。
10.权利要求8～9之一的设备，其中：
所述显示数据使用户能执行功能调用来观看一有关视频节目服务信号的被选择部分。
11.权利要求8～10之一的设备，其中：
所述显示数据提供关于一有关视频节目服务信号的信息。
12.权利要求8～11之一的设备，其中：
所述显示数据提供一观众输入字段来使得能基于付费来观看有关视频节目服务信号。
13.权利要求8～12之一的设备，还包括：
为将所述数据信号与有关视频节目服务信号相组合来在电视上以重叠方式显示的组合器。
14.权利要求8～13之一的设备，其中：
所述数据信号和有关视频节目服务信号在一数字运送数据流中传输。
15.一种提供电视应用的显示数据的接收机，包括：
用于接收包括按照一超级文本标示语言编码的所述显示数据的数据信号的输入；
用于处理所述数据信号以提供适应于在电视上再现的信号的显示数据处理器；和
与所述显示数据处理器作功能结合的用于接收用户命令和执行对应的功能调用来控制电视和非电视应用至少之一的所选择的功能的用户命令处理器。
16.权利要求15的接收机，还包括：
用于接收视频节目服务信号的输入；和
用于处理所述视频节目服务信号的视频处理器，
所述显示数据信号提供有关所述视频节目服务信号的信息。
17.权利要求16的接收机，其中：
所述视频处理器响应所述用户命令处理器来执行所述功能调用。
18.权利要求15～17之一的接收机，其中：
所述显示数据处理器响应所述用户命令处理器以使得用户执行超级连接来观看所述显示数据的被选择部分。
19.权利要求15～18之一的接收机，其中：
所述显示数据提供一观众输入字段来使得能基于付费观看有关的视频节目服务信号。
20.权利要求15～19之一的接收机，其中：所述功能调用与所述被选择功能之间的关系根据一致资源定位器语法确定。
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US5982445A (en) 1999-11-09
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AU4272697A (en) 1998-04-23
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CA2218164A1 (en) 1998-04-21
NO974836D0 (no) 1997-10-20
MX9708047A (es) 1998-08-30
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CN1107410C (zh) 2003-04-30
TW358308B (en) 1999-05-11
CA2218164C (en) 2002-07-16
KR19980033010A (ko) 1998-07-25
JPH10234018A (ja) 1998-09-02

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