CN118081642A - Micro-grinding tool applying micro-texture cooperative coating technology and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Micro-grinding tool applying micro-texture cooperative coating technology and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a micro-grinding tool applying a micro-texture cooperative coating technology and a preparation method thereof, wherein the micro-grinding tool comprises a non-working end and a working end of the micro-grinding tool; the non-working end of the micro grinding tool is provided with a micro texture combination of a non-working end of a coated graphene coating, the micro texture combination of the non-working end of the coated graphene coating comprises N 2 longitudinal micro textures and N 3 transverse micro textures, the N 2 longitudinal micro textures are distributed at equal intervals along the circumferential direction, the N 3 transverse micro textures are wound on the circumferential direction, and the N 2 longitudinal micro textures and the N 3 transverse micro textures are combined to form a heat pipe structure for radiating as a whole, wherein N 2≥2,N3 is more than or equal to 2; the working end of the micro grinding tool is provided with a working end micro texture coated with a graphene coating, and the working end micro texture of the coated graphene coating comprises N 1 longitudinal micro textures which are arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential direction, wherein N 1 is more than or equal to 2; the outer circular surface of the working end of the micro grinding tool is covered with abrasive particles; the micro texture on the surface of the micro grinding tool reduces the cross section area of the grinding tool, increases the chip accommodating space, and can effectively improve the grinding performance and chip removal heat dissipation capacity of the micro grinding tool, so that the micro grinding tool can maintain good cutting performance for a long time in the processing process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of grinding processing, in particular to a micro grinding tool for processing a ceramic matrix composite material by applying a micro texture cooperative coating technology and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The deep small hole structure (the aperture is 0.5-2mm, the hole depth/aperture ratio is more than or equal to 5) is widely applied in the engineering field, such as a liquid rocket engine injection piece micropore, an aeroengine turbine blade air film cooling hole and the like, and the processing precision and the processing quality of the deep small hole determine the service performance of a part. For the ceramic matrix composite with high hardness, deep small hole processing is realized mainly by adopting mechanical drilling and laser drilling technologies, and the surface of the processed hole wall has the defects of recasting layers, oxidation areas, cracks, burrs and the like, so that the usability is affected, the surface defects are removed by adopting abrasive particle flow or other finishing processing technologies, and the processing quality of the hole wall is improved.
The grinding processing has the characteristics of high processing precision, small removing allowance and high surface quality after processing, deep small hole processing can be completed by using a single-layer electroplating micro grinding tool or a brazing micro grinding tool, abrasive particles on the side surface of the grinding tool continuously grind the hole wall, the processing quality of the deep small hole can be effectively improved, and no finishing treatment is needed to remove surface defects. The adoption of the micro grinding tool to realize deep small hole processing or the subsequent processing of the deep small holes processed by other processes has the following advantages:
1) The processed surface has high quality, and a recast layer and a heat affected zone formed by laser or electric spark perforation can be removed; 2) The machining precision is high, and the hole taper is obviously smaller than that of mechanical drilling and laser drilling; 3) The abrasive particles grind the hole wall, so that trace removal is realized, microcracks are eliminated, the surface roughness of the hole wall is reduced, and the service life is prolonged; 4) The ultrasonic vibration assists the grinding tool to process deep small holes, intermittent processing is carried out through micro-feeding, and cutting force is obviously reduced.
The deep small hole processing has the problems of difficult chip removal and poor heat dissipation conditions, and cooling liquid or high-pressure gas is difficult to reach the processing position of the micro grinding tool. The cuttings cannot be discharged quickly and interact with the abrasive particles, so that the abrasive particles wear quickly, the cutting capacity is reduced, and the cutting force of the micro-abrasive tool is increased. Because of difficult heat dissipation and heat accumulation, the electroplated nickel layer or the brazing material layer of the micro-grinding tool is softened, the holding force of abrasive particles is reduced, the abrasive particles fall off, and finally the micro-grinding tool is disabled.
The above problems will lead to rapid wear and failure of the micro-abrasive article. The processing precision and the processing quality of the deep small holes are affected.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of difficult chip removal and poor heat dissipation conditions of the micro-grinding tool in the deep small hole processing field, the micro-texture cooperative coating technology for enhancing the heat dissipation of the micro-grinding tool and the preparation method thereof are provided, so that the chip removal and heat dissipation capacity of the micro-grinding tool can be remarkably improved, and the service life and hole quality of the grinding tool are ensured.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the micro-grinding tool with the micro-texture cooperative coating technology has the diameter of 0.5-2 mm and is divided into a non-working end and a working end according to the distribution of abrasive particles;
The non-working end of the micro grinding tool is provided with a micro texture combination of a non-working end of a coated graphene coating, the micro texture combination of the non-working end of the coated graphene coating comprises N 2 longitudinal micro textures and N 3 transverse micro textures, the N 2 longitudinal micro textures are distributed at equal intervals along the circumferential direction, the N 3 transverse micro textures are wound on the circumferential direction, and the N 2 longitudinal micro textures and the N 3 transverse micro textures are combined to form a heat pipe structure for radiating as a whole, wherein N 2≥2,N3 is more than or equal to 2;
The working end of the micro grinding tool is provided with a working end micro texture coated with a graphene coating, and the working end micro texture of the coated graphene coating comprises N 1 longitudinal micro textures which are arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential direction, wherein N 1 is more than or equal to 2;
The outer circular surface of the working end of the micro grinding tool is covered with abrasive particles.
Further, the thickness of the graphene coating with the micro-texture at the working end of the coated graphene coating is 80-100 mu m; the graphene has unobvious heat conduction and heat dissipation capability under the thickness, plays a role in lubricating similar to graphite, and is matched with a groove-type micro-texture to accelerate chip discharge in the initial stage of deep hole machining, so that the boundary friction between chips, a grinding tool and a hole wall is reduced, and the friction heat generation is reduced. The heat is transferred from the graphene coating at the working end to the non-working end coating and finally dissipated to the surrounding environment.
Further, the thickness of the graphene coating of the micro-texture combination of the non-working end of the coated graphene coating is less than or equal to 40 mu m; the graphene coating has insufficient lubricating capability, but the interlayer heat conduction and heat dissipation capability is enhanced, most of heat is transferred to the grinding tool body during micro-hole processing under the condition of no coating, and the thinner graphene coating can accelerate the heat dissipation of the grinding tool body to the surrounding environment, so that the efficient heat dissipation of the grinding tool is realized. In the later stage of deep pore processing, the chip removal amount is gradually reduced, the graphene coating at the working end is continuously contacted with chips to generate loss, the thickness of the coating is reduced, the lubricating capability of the coating is reduced, the heat dissipation capability is improved, the heat generated by processing is transferred from the coating at the working end to the coating at the non-working end, the heat absorbed by the working end is reduced, the problems of softening an electroplated nickel layer of a micro-grinding tool and the like are all improved, the falling of abrasive particles is reduced, and the service life of the micro-grinding tool is prolonged.
Further, the cross section of the longitudinal micro-texture and the transverse micro-texture is trapezoidal, rectangular combined or arc.
Furthermore, the longitudinal micro-texture cross section of the working end of the micro-grinding tool is a rectangular combination, the rectangular combination is divided into an upper part and a lower part, the surface width of the upper part is W 2, the surface width of the lower part is W 1, the length is L 3, the depth of the bottom of the longitudinal micro-texture from the outer surface of the working end of the micro-grinding tool is H 2, the maximum depth of a graphene coating is H 3, and the depth of the graphene coating of the lower part is H 1,H1＜H3.
Further, the cross sections of the longitudinal micro-texture and the transverse micro-texture of the non-working end of the micro-grinding tool are rectangular, and the width W 3,W3≥W2 of the longitudinal micro-texture is the same as that of the transverse micro-texture; transverse microtexture width L 1.
Further, the abrasive particles are diamond abrasive particles or silicon carbide abrasive particles, and the abrasive particles are arranged in an orientation way that the inclination angle of the outer circle surface of the working end of the micro-grinding tool is 30-60 degrees.
Further, the abrasive particle coverage area has a longitudinal length L 4,L3＞L4.
The preparation method of the micro grinding tool applying the micro texture cooperative coating technology is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1: cleaning the surface of the micro grinding tool in an ultrasonic cleaner for 15 minutes by using acetone, removing surface impurities, and drying to be treated;
step 2: checking the runout and coaxiality of the micro grinding tool, the non-working end of the micro grinding tool and the excircle runout of the working end of the micro grinding tool to be not more than 0.02mm, and the coaxiality error of the non-working end of the micro grinding tool and the working end of the micro grinding tool to be not more than 0.008mm;
step 3: fixing the clamping part of the micro grinding tool on an index plate, and determining the position coordinates of the outer circular surface and the end surface of the working end of the micro grinding tool to finish positioning; n 1 longitudinal micro textures at the working end of the micro grinding tool are processed through a femtosecond laser processing center,
The femtosecond laser machining parameters of the upper half of each longitudinal micro-texture were as follows:
the diameter of the light spot is 40 mu m, the wavelength is 1030nm, the power is 20-30W, the frequency is 100-200 Khz, the pulse width is 0.8-2 ps, the scanning speed is 20-30 mm/s, and the scanning times are 2 times.
The femtosecond laser processing parameters of the lower half of each longitudinal micro-texture were as follows:
the diameter of the light spot is 40 mu m, the wavelength is 1030nm, the power is 20W, the frequency is 100-200 Khz, the pulse width is 2-4 ps, the scanning speed is 40mm/s, and the scanning times are 1 time;
Step 4: rotating the dividing plate Rotating N 1 -1 times, and repeating the step 3 until N 1 longitudinal micro textures are processed;
step 5: spraying high-pressure air by a spray gun to remove molten residues generated by femtosecond laser processing;
Step 6: fixing the clamping part of the micro grinding tool on an index plate, and determining the outer circular surface of the non-working end of the micro grinding tool and the position coordinates of the longitudinal texture generated by the processing in the step 3-4 so as to finish positioning; n 2 longitudinal micro textures of the non-working end of the micro grinding tool are processed by femtosecond laser;
The parameters of each longitudinal microtextured femtosecond laser machining are as follows:
The diameter of the light spot is 40 mu m, the wavelength is 1030nm, the power is 20-30W, the frequency is 50Khz, the pulse width is 0.8-2 ps, the scanning speed is 20mm/s, and the scanning times are 3 times;
Step 7: each time the dividing plate is rotated Rotating N 2 -1 times, and repeating the step 6 until N 2 longitudinal micro textures are processed.
Step 8: n 3 pieces of transverse micro textures at the non-working end of the micro grinding tool are processed by femtosecond laser; the index plate needs to be kept to rotate, the rotating speed is 100r/min, the femtosecond laser processing center sets the processing time length, excessive ablation is prevented, and the laser processing parameters are as follows:
The diameter of the light spot is 40 mu m, the wavelength is 1030nm, the power is 25-30W, the frequency is 100-200 Khz, the pulse width is 3-5 ps, the scanning speed is 25-50 mm/s, the scanning times are 3 times, and the duration is 8-10 s;
Step 9: repositioning, repeating the step 8 until N3 transverse micro-textures are processed;
Step 10: spraying high-pressure air by a spray gun to remove molten residues generated by femtosecond laser processing;
step 11: measuring the size, the cross-sectional shape and the morphology of the micro-texture processed in the step 3-9 by using a super-depth-of-field microscope;
Step 12: n1 longitudinal micro textures of the working end of the micro grinding tool are coated through a nano graphene 3D printer or an ultrasonic nozzle, and the thickness of the graphene coating is 80-100 mu m. The particle size of the graphene particles is not more than 200nm, the minimum diameter of the nozzle is 30 mu m, and the coating temperature is 20-40 ℃;
Step 13: each time the dividing plate is rotated Rotating N 1 -1 times, and repeating the step 12 until the coating of N 1 longitudinal micro-texture coatings is completed;
step 14: n 2 longitudinal micro-textures of the non-working end of the micro-grinding tool are coated through a nano graphene 3D printer or an ultrasonic nozzle, and the thickness of a graphene coating of each longitudinal micro-texture is 30-40 mu m. The particle size of the graphene particles is not more than 200nm, the minimum diameter of the nozzle is 30 mu m, and the coating temperature is 20-40 ℃.
Step 15: each time the dividing plate is rotatedRotating N 2 -1 times, and repeating the step 14 until the coating of N 2 longitudinal micro-texture coatings is completed;
Step 16: n 3 pieces of transverse micro-textures at the non-working end of the micro-grinding tool are coated through a nano graphene 3D printer or an ultrasonic nozzle, and the thickness of a graphene coating of each piece of transverse micro-texture is 30-40 mu m. The particle size of the graphene particles is not more than 200nm, the minimum diameter of the nozzle is 30 mu m, and the coating temperature is 20-40 ℃;
Step 17: the micro-abrasive article was allowed to stand for cooling and the coating thickness was examined by confocal laser microscopy.
The main idea of the invention is as follows: the outer surface of the micro grinding tool is designed and processed with a plurality of groove-shaped micro textures, the bottoms of the micro textures are covered with a plurality of layers of grapheme with different thicknesses, and the grapheme has excellent heat dissipation and lubricating properties. The micro-texture and graphene coating accelerates chip discharge, reduces friction and cutting heat generation, and avoids heat accumulation at the working end of the micro-grinding tool. The chips can be discharged in time to effectively slow down the abrasion of abrasive particles, the heat dissipation capability is improved to slow down the softening of an electroplated nickel layer, the falling of abrasive particles is reduced, and the cutting performance of the micro grinding tool is ensured, so that the machining precision of deep small holes and the quality of machined surfaces are improved.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) The micro texture on the surface of the micro grinding tool reduces the cross section area of the grinding tool, increases the chip accommodating space, and can effectively improve the grinding performance and chip removal heat dissipation capability. So that the cutting performance of the cutting tool can be kept good for a long time in the processing process.
2) The surface micro-texture and the coating in the invention do not play a role of heat dissipation independently, but realize heat transfer and intercommunication through arrangement similar to a heat pipe structure, so that local heat accumulation is avoided, and the overall heat dissipation capacity of the micro-grinding tool is improved.
3) The graphene coating at the working end is thicker than that at the non-working end, has a lubricating effect at the front stage of the coating at the working end, and can adapt to the working conditions of high chip removal requirement at the front stage of deep hole processing, low heat dissipation requirement, reduced chip removal amount at the later stage and poor heat dissipation condition.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of a micro-abrasive article having a finished surface micro-texture process and graphene coating in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an end view of a micro-abrasive article with a finished surface micro-texture process and graphene coating in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a side expanded view of the working and non-working end surfaces of the micro-abrasive article of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of aperture measurements of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the hole outlet temperature measurement of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a longitudinal micro-texture electron microscope image of the present invention;
In the figure: 1-a micro-abrasive clamping portion; 2-the non-working end of the micro-abrasive article; 21-a non-working end microtexture combination of the coated graphene coating; 3-the working end of the micro grinding tool; 31-abrasive particles; 32-working end microtexture of the coated graphene coating.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and examples of the specification.
Example 1:
As shown in fig. 1-3, the present embodiment provides a micro-grinding tool applying the micro-texture cooperative coating technology, including a clamping portion 1 of the micro-grinding tool, a non-working end 2 (not distributing abrasive particles 31) of the micro-grinding tool, a working end 3 (distributing abrasive particles 31) of the micro-grinding tool, a micro-texture combination 21 of the non-working end of the coated graphene coating, abrasive particles 31, and a working end micro-texture 32 of the coated graphene coating;
The clamping part 1, the non-working end 2 of the micro grinding tool and the working end 3 of the micro grinding tool are cylindrical connectors with the same diameter or different diameters, and the diameter of the working end 3 of the micro grinding tool is the final diameter of the grinding tool matrix after electroplating abrasive particles, wherein the diameter of the matrix is 1.2mm.
The end face and the outer surface of the working end microtexture 32 coated with the graphene coating are covered with abrasive particles 31. The longitudinal length L 4,L4 of the abrasive particle coverage area exceeds the depth of the target deep small hole by 2mm, so that the micro grinding tool can conveniently process the through hole after finishing processing the through hole, and the depth of the target hole is calculated to be 7.5-8 mm according to the applicable aperture of the grinding tool of 1.5mm or more and the aperture ratio of the hole depth to the aperture ratio of 5 or more, wherein L 4 =9-9.5 mm.
The abrasive particles 31 are silicon carbide abrasive particles with the granularity of 100/120 meshes, and are arranged in an oriented manner as shown in figure 3, and the inclination angle is 30-60 degrees.
The length of the working end 3 of the micro grinding tool is L 3＝11.5mm(L3＞L4).
The working end micro-textures 32 of the coated graphene coating are longitudinally distributed and have the length of L 3＝11.5mm(L3＞L4), the number of the micro-textures is N 1＝4(N1 more than or equal to 2), and in order to ensure uniform heat dissipation, all the micro-textures are symmetrically distributed at equal intervals along the circumferential direction, and the angle intervals are 90 degrees. As shown in fig. 1, the microtextured cross-sections are rectangular combinations,
The working end micro-texture 32 of the coated graphene coating is divided into an upper half part and a lower half part, as shown in fig. 2, the surface width W 2 =80 μm of the upper half part, the surface width W 1 =40 μm of the lower half part, the depth H 2 =100 μm of the bottom of the micro-texture from the outer surface of the grinding tool, the maximum depth H 3 =80 μm of the graphene coating, and the depth H 1＝30μm,(H1＜H3 of the lower half part of the graphene coating.
The micro-texture combination 21 of the non-working end of the coated graphene coating is a combination of N 2＝8(N2 -2) longitudinal micro-textures and N 3＝2(N2 -2) transverse micro-textures, and each micro-texture is coated with the graphene coating to form a structure similar to a heat pipe, and the structures are communicated with each other to be used as an integral part for heat dissipation, as shown in figure 3. The transverse microtexture is distributed around the circumference of the grinding tool, the cross section of the transverse microtexture is rectangular, and the thickness of the transverse microtexture graphene coating is 40 mu m. Longitudinal micro-texture width W 3≥W2 = 80 μm, longitudinal micro-texture depth 100 μm, longitudinal micro-texture cross-sectional shape rectangular, longitudinal micro-texture graphene coating thickness 30 μm. In order to ensure uniform heat dissipation, all longitudinal micro-textures are symmetrically distributed at equal intervals along the circumferential direction, and the angle intervals are as follows
The longitudinal microtexture N 2 =8, the cross section is rectangular, the width W 3＝W2 =80 μm, the transverse microtexture N 3 =2, the cross section is rectangular, the width L 1＝W2＝80μm,L2 =80 μm, the depth is 100 μm, and the graphene coating thickness is 35 μm.
Example 2:
As shown in fig. 1-3, the present embodiment provides a micro-abrasive tool to which the micro-texture cooperative coating technology has been applied, including a clamping portion 1 of the micro-abrasive tool, a non-working end 2 (not distributing abrasive particles 31) of the micro-abrasive tool, a working end 3 (distributing abrasive particles 31) of the micro-abrasive tool, a micro-texture combination 21 of the non-working end of the coated graphene layer, abrasive particles 31, and a working end micro-texture 32 of the coated graphene layer;
The clamping part 1, the non-working end 2 of the micro grinding tool and the working end 3 of the micro grinding tool are cylindrical connectors with the same diameter or different diameters, and the diameter of the working end 3 of the micro grinding tool is the final diameter of the grinding tool matrix after the abrasive particles are brazed, wherein the diameter of the matrix is 1.7mm.
The end face and the outer surface of the working end micro-texture 32 of the coated graphene coating are covered with abrasive particles 31. The longitudinal length L 4,L4 of the abrasive particle coverage area exceeds the depth of the target deep small hole by 2mm, so that the micro grinding tool can conveniently process the through hole after finishing processing the through hole, the ratio of the hole depth to the diameter is more than or equal to 5 according to the applicable aperture of the grinding tool by 2mm, and the depth of the target hole is calculated to be 10mm, wherein L 4 =12mm.
The abrasive particles 31 are diamond abrasive particles with the granularity of 80/100 meshes, are arranged in an orientation way as shown in figure 3, and have an inclined angle of 30-60 degrees.
The length of the working end 3 of the micro grinding tool is L 3＝14mm(L3＞L4).
The working end microtexture 32 of the coated graphene coating is longitudinally distributed and has a length L 3＝14mm(L3＞L4). The number of the micro-textures is N 1＝4(N1 to be more than or equal to 2), and all the micro-textures are symmetrically distributed at equal intervals along the circumferential direction, wherein the angle interval is 90 degrees. As shown in fig. 1, the microtextured cross-sections are rectangular combinations,
The working end micro-texture 32 of the coated graphene coating is divided into an upper half part and a lower half part, as shown in fig. 2, the surface width W 2 =80 μm of the upper half part, the surface width W 1 =40 μm of the lower half part, the depth H 2 =100 μm of the bottom of the micro-texture from the outer surface of the grinding tool, the maximum depth H 3 =80 μm of the graphene coating, and the depth H 1＝30μm,(H1＜H3 of the lower half part of the graphene coating.
The micro-texture combination 21 of the non-working end of the coated graphene coating is a combination of N 2＝6(N2 -2) longitudinal micro-textures and N 3＝2(N3 -2) transverse micro-textures, and each micro-texture is coated with the graphene coating to form a structure similar to a heat pipe, and the structures are communicated with each other to be used as an integral part for heat dissipation. The transverse microtexture is distributed around the circumference of the grinding tool, the cross section of the transverse microtexture is rectangular, and the thickness of the graphene coating is 40 mu m. Longitudinal micro-texture width W 3≥W2 = 80 μm, longitudinal micro-texture depth 100 μm, longitudinal micro-texture cross section rectangular, graphene coating thickness 30 μm. In order to ensure uniform heat dissipation, all longitudinal micro-textures are symmetrically distributed at equal intervals along the circumferential direction, and the angle intervals are as follows
A preparation method of a micro grinding tool applying a micro texture cooperative coating technology comprises the following steps:
step 1: cleaning the surface of the micro grinding tool in an ultrasonic cleaner for 15 minutes by using acetone, removing surface impurities, and drying to be treated;
step 2: checking the runout and coaxiality of the micro grinding tool, the non-working end of the micro grinding tool and the excircle runout of the working end of the micro grinding tool to be not more than 0.02mm, and the coaxiality error of the non-working end of the micro grinding tool and the working end of the micro grinding tool to be not more than 0.008mm;
step 3: fixing the clamping part of the micro grinding tool on an index plate, and determining the position coordinates of the outer circular surface and the end surface of the working end of the micro grinding tool to finish positioning; n 1 longitudinal micro textures at the working end of the micro grinding tool are processed through a femtosecond laser processing center,
Wherein the upper half part is micro-textured, and each longitudinal micro-texture femtosecond laser processing parameter is as follows:
the diameter of the light spot is 40 mu m, the wavelength is 1030nm, the power is 20-30W, the frequency is 100-200 Khz, the pulse width is 0.8-2 ps, the scanning speed is 20-30 mm/s, and the scanning times are 2 times.
The lower half of the micro-texture was subjected to the following femtosecond laser processing parameters: the diameter of the light spot is 40 mu m, the wavelength is 1030nm, the power is 20W, the frequency is 100-200 Khz, the pulse width is 2-4 ps, the scanning speed is 40mm/s, and the scanning times are 1 time;
Step 4: rotating the dividing plate Rotating N 1 -1 times, and repeating the step 3 until N 1 longitudinal micro textures are processed;
Step 5: removing molten residues generated by femtosecond laser processing by spraying high-pressure air through a spray gun;
Step 6: fixing the clamping part of the micro grinding tool on an index plate, and determining the outer circular surface of the non-working end of the micro grinding tool and the position coordinates of the longitudinal texture generated by the processing in the step 3-4 so as to finish positioning; n 2 longitudinal micro textures of the non-working end of the micro grinding tool are processed by femtosecond laser;
the longitudinal micro-texture section is rectangular, and the femtosecond laser processing parameters are as follows: the diameter of the light spot is 40 mu m, the wavelength is 1030nm, the power is 20-30W, the frequency is 50Khz, the pulse width is 0.8-2 ps, the scanning speed is 20mm/s, and the scanning times are 3 times;
Step 7: each time the dividing plate is rotated Rotating N 2 -1 times, and repeating the step 6 until N 2 longitudinal micro textures are processed.
Step 8: n 3 pieces of transverse micro textures at the non-working end of the micro grinding tool are processed by femtosecond laser; the cross section of the transverse micro-texture is rectangular; the transverse micro-texture time division dial needs to be kept to rotate when being processed, the rotating speed is 120r/min, the femtosecond laser processing center sets the processing time length, excessive ablation is prevented, and the processing parameters are as follows: the diameter of the light spot is 40 mu m, the wavelength is 1030nm, the power is 25-30W, the frequency is 100-200 Khz, the pulse width is 3-5 ps, the scanning speed is 25-50 mm/s, the scanning times are 3 times, and the duration is 8-10 s;
step 9: repositioning, and repeating the step 8 until N 3 transverse micro-textures are processed;
Step 10: spraying high-pressure air by a spray gun to remove molten residues generated by femtosecond laser processing;
Step 11: measuring the size, the cross-sectional shape and the morphology of the micro-texture processed in the step 3-9 by a laser confocal microscope;
Step 12: n 1 longitudinal micro-textures of the working end of the micro-grinding tool are coated through a nano graphene 3D printer or an ultrasonic nozzle, and the thickness of a graphene coating of each longitudinal micro-texture is 80-100 mu m. The particle size of the graphene particles is not more than 200nm, the minimum diameter of the nozzle is 30 mu m, and the coating temperature is 20-40 ℃;
Step 13: each time the dividing plate is rotated Rotating N 1 -1 times, and repeating the step 12 until the coating of N 1 longitudinal micro-texture coatings is completed;
step 14: n 2 longitudinal micro-textures of the non-working end of the micro-grinding tool are coated through a nano graphene 3D printer or an ultrasonic nozzle, and the thickness of a graphene coating of each longitudinal micro-texture is 30-40 mu m. The particle size of the graphene particles is not more than 200nm, the minimum diameter of the nozzle is 30 mu m, and the coating temperature is 20-40 ℃.
Step 15: each time the dividing plate is rotatedRotating N 2 -1 times, and repeating the step 14 until the coating of N 2 longitudinal micro-texture coatings is completed;
Step 16: n 3 pieces of transverse micro-textures at the non-working end of the micro-grinding tool are coated through a nano graphene 3D printer or an ultrasonic nozzle, and the thickness of a graphene coating of each piece of transverse micro-texture is 30-40 mu m. The particle size of the graphene particles is not more than 200nm, the minimum diameter of the nozzle is 30 mu m, and the coating temperature is 20-40 ℃;
Step 17: the micro-abrasive tool was allowed to stand for cooling, and the coating thickness was examined by confocal laser microscopy at a magnification of 2000.
The graphene formulation in this embodiment is as follows:
the graphene coating comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass:
graphene oxide particles: 30%;
Aqueous resin (aqueous epoxy resin/aqueous acrylic resin): 15%;
Modifier (silica/alumina particles): 3%
Coupling agent (titanate): 2%
Dispersant (polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)) 8%:
Thermally conductive filler (silicon nitride/carbon nanotubes/copper nanoparticles): 30%;
Surfactants (sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)): 2 percent,
Deionized water: allowance of
Comparative example 1 (non-textured non-coating)
The base body of the common micro grinding tool is a solid cylindrical bar, the diameter of the base body is 1.7mm, the grain size of the abrasive grains is 80/100 meshes, and the outer circular surface and the end face of the grinding tool are brazed with diamond abrasive grains. The abrasive grain has smaller granularity, easy abrasion during processing, and the micro grinding tool fails after the sharp edge of the abrasive grain is completely worn, so that the service life of the grinding tool is short and the processing quality is poor.
The micro grinding tool prepared in the example 2 and the common micro grinding tool in the comparative example 1 are adopted to carry out a ceramic matrix composite drilling experiment, and processing parameters are set to be 18000r/min of main shaft rotation speed, 1.5mm/min of feeding speed, 10mm of through hole processing depth and dry processing. In the processing process, a machine tool spindle drives the micro-texture micro-grinding tool to rotate and perform uniform downward feeding movement, and an infrared thermal imager is used for measuring the outlet temperature of the hole.
After a certain number of small holes are machined, abrasive particles of the common micro-grinding tool are worn, after the abrasive particles are worn completely, the common micro-grinding tool is disabled, and the micro-grinding tool adopting the micro-texture cooperative coating technology still keeps good cutting performance, and the aperture of the machined small holes is measured, as shown in fig. 4, in the machining process of 10 holes, the uniformity of the aperture size is good, so that the micro-texture micro-grinding tool has longer service life compared with the common micro-grinding tool. The hole outlet temperature can reflect the abrasion and heat dissipation conditions of the micro grinding tool in the processing process, as shown in fig. 5, the abrasive particles of the common micro grinding tool are continuously worn, the cutting force is increased, the heat dissipation is difficult, the cutting chips and the abrasive particles continuously act, the heat accumulation causes the temperature in the processing process to be increased, and the hole outlet temperature is continuously increased. Compared with the common micro grinding tool in the comparative example 1, the micro grinding tool in the invention increases the chip accommodating space and improves the heat dissipation capacity, so that the abrasion is slower in the processing process, the rising speed and the rising amplitude of the hole outlet temperature are smaller, and after the common micro grinding tool is processed to the 5 th hole, the common micro grinding tool loses the cutting capacity and fails. Compared with the common micro grinding tool, the micro grinding tool has strong chip removal and heat dissipation capabilities and can keep good cutting performance.
Claims (8)
1. The micro-grinding tool applying the micro-texture cooperative coating technology is characterized by comprising a non-working end (2) of the micro-grinding tool and a working end (3) of the micro-grinding tool;
The non-working end (2) of the micro grinding tool is provided with a micro texture combination (21) of the non-working end coated with the graphene coating, the micro texture combination (21) of the non-working end coated with the graphene coating comprises N 2 longitudinal micro textures and N 3 transverse micro textures, the N 2 longitudinal micro textures are distributed at equal intervals along the circumferential direction, the N 3 transverse micro textures are wound on the circumferential direction, and the N 2 longitudinal micro textures and the N 3 transverse micro textures are combined to form a heat pipe structure which is used for radiating as a whole, wherein N 2≥2,N3 is more than or equal to 2;
The working end (3) of the micro-grinding tool is provided with a working end micro-texture (32) of a coated graphene coating, and the working end micro-texture (32) of the coated graphene coating comprises N 1 longitudinal micro-textures which are arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential direction, wherein N 1 is more than or equal to 2;
The outer circular surface of the working end (3) of the micro grinding tool is covered with abrasive particles (31).
2. The micro-abrasive tool applying the micro-texture cooperative coating technology according to claim 1, wherein the graphene coating thickness of the working end micro-texture (32) of the coated graphene coating is 80-100 μm; the graphene coating thickness of the microtextured combination (21) of the non-working end of the coated graphene coating is no greater than 40 μm.
3. The micro-abrasive tool using the micro-texture cooperative coating technology according to claim 1, wherein the longitudinal micro-texture and the transverse micro-texture are formed by ablating on the abrasive tool substrate by laser, and the cross section of the longitudinal micro-texture and the transverse micro-texture is trapezoidal, rectangular combined or arc.
4. The micro-grinding tool applying the micro-texture cooperative coating technology according to claim 3, wherein the longitudinal micro-texture cross section of the working end (3) of the micro-grinding tool is a rectangular combination, the rectangular combination is divided into an upper part and a lower part, the surface width of the upper part is W 2, the surface width of the lower part is W 1, the length is L 3, the depth of the bottom of the longitudinal micro-texture is H 2 from the outer surface of the working end (3) of the micro-grinding tool, the maximum depth of the graphene coating is H 3, and the depth of the graphene coating of the lower part is H 1,H1＜H3.
5. A micro-abrasive tool applying a micro-texture co-coating technique according to claim 3, wherein the cross-sectional shape of the longitudinal micro-texture and the transverse micro-texture of the non-working end (2) of the micro-abrasive tool are rectangular, and the width W 3,W3≥W2 of the longitudinal micro-texture is equal to the width W 3,W3≥W2 of the transverse micro-texture; transverse microtexture width L 1.
6. The micro-grinding tool applying the micro-texture cooperative coating technology according to claim 1, wherein the abrasive particles (31) are diamond abrasive particles or silicon carbide abrasive particles, and the abrasive particles (31) are arranged in an orientation manner with an inclination angle of 30-60 degrees on the outer circle of the working end (3) of the micro-grinding tool.
7. The micro-abrasive article of claim 4, wherein the abrasive particles (31) have a longitudinal extent L 4,L3＞L4.
8. The preparation method of the micro grinding tool applying the micro texture cooperative coating technology is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
Step 1: cleaning the surface of the micro grinding tool in an ultrasonic cleaner for 10-20 minutes by using acetone, removing surface impurities, and drying for treatment;
step 2: checking the runout and coaxiality of the micro grinding tool, the non-working end of the micro grinding tool and the excircle runout of the working end of the micro grinding tool to be not more than 0.02mm, and the coaxiality error of the non-working end of the micro grinding tool and the working end of the micro grinding tool to be not more than 0.008mm;
step 3: fixing the clamping part of the micro grinding tool on an index plate, and determining the position coordinates of the outer circular surface and the end surface of the working end of the micro grinding tool to finish positioning; n 1 longitudinal micro textures at the working end of the micro grinding tool are processed through a femtosecond laser processing center,
The femtosecond laser machining parameters of the upper half of each longitudinal micro-texture were as follows:
The diameter of the light spot is 40 mu m, the wavelength is 1030nm, the power is 20-30W, the frequency is 100-200 Khz, the pulse width is 0.8-2 ps, the scanning speed is 20-30 mm/s, and the scanning times are 2 times;
the femtosecond laser processing parameters of the lower half of each longitudinal micro-texture were as follows:
the diameter of the light spot is 40 mu m, the wavelength is 1030nm, the power is 20W, the frequency is 100-200 Khz, the pulse width is 2-4 ps, the scanning speed is 40mm/s, and the scanning times are 1 time;
Step 4: each time the dividing plate rotates Rotating N 1 -1 times, and repeating the step 3 until N 1 longitudinal micro textures are processed;
step 5: spraying high-pressure air by a spray gun to remove molten residues generated by laser processing;
Step 6: fixing the clamping part of the micro grinding tool on an index plate, and determining the outer circular surface of the non-working end of the micro grinding tool and the position coordinates of the longitudinal texture generated by the processing in the step 3-4 so as to finish positioning; n 2 longitudinal micro textures of the non-working end of the micro grinding tool are processed by femtosecond laser;
The parameters of each longitudinal microtextured femtosecond laser machining are as follows:
The diameter of the light spot is 40 mu m, the wavelength is 1030nm, the power is 20-30W, the frequency is 50Khz, the pulse width is 0.8-2 ps, the scanning speed is 20mm/s, and the scanning times are 3 times;
Step 7: each time the dividing plate is rotated Rotating N 2 -1 times, and repeating the step 6 until N2 longitudinal micro textures are processed;
Step 8: processing N 3 transverse micro textures at the non-working end of the micro grinding tool; the index plate rotates, the rotating speed is 100r/min, the femtosecond laser machining center sets the machining time length, excessive ablation is prevented, and the femtosecond laser machining parameters are as follows:
The diameter of the light spot is 40 mu m, the wavelength is 1030nm, the power is 25-30W, the frequency is 100-200 Khz, the pulse width is 3-5 ps, the scanning speed is 25-50 mm/s, the scanning times are 3 times, and the duration is 8-10 s;
step 9: repositioning, and repeating the step 8 until N 3 transverse micro-textures are processed;
Step 10: spraying high-pressure air by a spray gun to remove molten residues generated by femtosecond laser processing;
Step 11: measuring the size, the cross-sectional shape and the morphology of the micro-texture processed in the step 3-9 by a laser confocal microscope;
Step 12: n 1 longitudinal micro-textures of the working end of the micro-grinding tool are coated through a nano graphene 3D printer or an ultrasonic nozzle, and the thickness of a graphene coating of each longitudinal micro-texture is 80-100 mu m; the particle size of the graphene is not more than 200nm, the minimum diameter of the nozzle is 30 mu m, and the coating temperature is 20-40 ℃;
Step 13: each time the dividing plate is rotated Rotating N 1 -1 times, and repeating the step 12 until the coating of N 1 longitudinal micro-texture coatings is completed;
Step 14: n 2 longitudinal microstructures of the non-working end of the micro grinding tool are coated by a nano graphene 3D printer or an ultrasonic nozzle, the thickness of a graphene coating is 30-40 mu m, the particle size of graphene particles is not more than 200nm, the minimum diameter of the nozzle is 30 mu m, and the coating temperature is 20-40 ℃.
Step 15: each time the dividing plate is rotatedRotating N 2 -1 times, and repeating the step 14 until the coating of N 2 longitudinal micro-texture coatings is completed;
Step 16: coating N 3 transverse microstructures at the non-working end of the microabrader by a nano graphene 3D printer or an ultrasonic nozzle, rotating an index plate, wherein the thickness of a graphene coating is 30-40 mu m, the particle size of graphene particles is not more than 200nm, the minimum diameter of the nozzle is 30 mu m, and the coating temperature is 20-40 ℃;
Step 17: the micro-abrasive article was allowed to stand for cooling and the coating thickness was examined by confocal laser microscopy.
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