CN118080901A

CN118080901A - Lathe spindle

Info

Publication number: CN118080901A
Application number: CN202410479819.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 程丹丹
Original assignee: Shandong Haomai Cnc Machine Tool Co ltd
Current assignee: Shandong Haomai Cnc Machine Tool Co ltd
Priority date: 2024-04-22
Filing date: 2024-04-22
Publication date: 2024-05-28
Anticipated expiration: 2044-04-22
Also published as: CN118080901B

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of numerically controlled lathes, and discloses a lathe spindle, which comprises: the device comprises a shell, a mandrel, a bearing seat assembly, an encoder module and a locking device, wherein the bearing seat assembly comprises a rear bearing, a first locking nut and a bearing seat, and the first locking nut is in threaded connection with the mandrel; the encoder module comprises an encoder rotor and an encoder stator, and the encoder rotor is detachably arranged and fixed on the first lock nut; the locking device is arranged at the rear end of the mandrel, and is positioned at the outer sides of the bearing seat assembly and the encoder module and comprises a rotating part and a static part. The encoder rotor can be directly detached from the first lock nut and can be detached from the main shaft together with the first lock nut, the disassembly and the assembly are very convenient and quick, and if the first lock nut loosens, the encoder module can detect the abnormality and can send out an alarm, the system can stop in time when receiving an alarm signal, larger safety accidents are avoided, and economic losses are reduced.

Description

Lathe spindle

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of numerically controlled lathes, in particular to a lathe spindle.

Background

The lathe spindle is mainly used for lathes such as lathes, turning and milling composite machining centers and the like, and rotates with a workpiece during turning, so that the required torque is large. The spindle encoder realizes control of spindle rotation speed and steering by accurately measuring the rotation position and rotation speed of the spindle, so that the machining efficiency and precision of the machine tool are improved. Therefore, in the automatic machining process of the machine tool, the main shaft encoder is indispensable, has important significance for improving the machining capacity of the machine tool and ensuring the machining quality, however, the existing main shaft encoder has the problems of more parts with fixed structures, difficult disassembly and assembly and the like. In addition, because the mandrel is in a high-speed rotation state for a long time, the locking nut on the mandrel is very easy to loose, and the potential safety hazard is high.

In addition, the lathe spindle has higher requirement on speed fluctuation during turning, especially when the turning and milling combined machining center performs low-speed linkage machining, the speed fluctuation requirement is higher, however, the existing lathe spindle has the problems of larger speed fluctuation and low controllability.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the invention provides a lathe spindle to solve the problems of more parts, difficult disassembly and assembly, easy loosening of a lock nut on a mandrel, high potential safety hazard, high fluctuation of the speed of the lathe spindle and low controllability of the fixed structure of the encoder of the lathe spindle in the prior art.

The invention provides a lathe spindle, comprising:

A housing;

the mandrel is rotatably arranged in the shell;

The bearing seat assembly is arranged at the rear end of the mandrel, and comprises a rear bearing, a first lock nut and a bearing seat, wherein the first lock nut is in threaded connection with the mandrel and limits the rear bearing in the axial direction of the mandrel, and the bearing seat is fixed on the shell;

The encoder module comprises an encoder rotor and an encoder stator, wherein the encoder rotor is detachably installed and fixed on the first lock nut, the encoder stator is directly or indirectly fixed on the bearing seat, and a signal transmission gap is reserved between the encoder rotor and the encoder stator;

The locking device is arranged at the rear end of the mandrel and is positioned at the outer sides of the bearing seat assembly and the encoder module;

the locking device includes:

The rotating part is fixed on the mandrel and comprises a movable locking piece;

The static part is arranged on the shell and comprises a braking part, a static locking piece and a piston;

The braking part is fixedly arranged on the shell, the movable locking piece is positioned between the static locking piece and the braking part, the peripheral part of the static locking piece is fixed on the braking part, and the piston is suitable for driving the middle part of the static locking piece to move towards the direction close to the movable locking piece so as to generate damping action on the movable locking piece or clamp and fix the movable locking piece between the static locking piece and the braking part to realize braking.

The beneficial effects are that: the first lock nut is used for limiting and fixing the rear bearing, the encoder rotor can be detachably installed and fixed on the first lock nut, the encoder rotor and the mandrel can be installed and fixed by means of the first lock nut, the first lock nut can be used for fixing the rear bearing and assisting in installing and fixing the encoder rotor, the encoder rotor is multipurpose, and the structure is further simplified. And during assembly, the encoder rotor can be directly detached from the first lock nut and can be detached from the main shaft together with the first lock nut, so that the encoder rotor is very convenient and quick. In addition, through installing the encoder rotor on first lock nut, if first lock nut takes place not hard up, under dabber high-speed rotation state, the encoder rotor can rock along with first lock nut, because the encoder rotor changes for the position of encoder stator, can make the response signal that encoder stator received unstable, change repeatedly, this anomaly just can be detected to the encoder module this moment, can send the warning, the system will judge first lock nut and appear not hard up at receiving alarm signal, in time shut down, avoid taking place bigger incident, reduce the economic loss because of unusual causes, the encoder fixed knot of the lathe main shaft among the effectual solution prior art has spare and accessory part more, the dismouting is stranded and spindle lock nut easily appears not hard up, the higher problem of potential safety hazard.

Furthermore, the locking device arranged on the outer sides of the bearing seat assembly and the encoder module can protect the encoder and prevent the encoder from being damaged and polluted; meanwhile, the encoder can be replaced in the on-machine state of the main shaft to achieve precision improvement or maintenance. In addition, through the quiet locking piece that sets up, when braking, quiet locking piece and braking part double-sided locking, the both sides of moving the locking piece all receive the friction, compare single friction braking, under the same pressure, brake torque is bigger, more easily brake, moreover when the main shaft carries out low-speed linkage processing, locking device can realize high damping action, pressure medium can promote the piston to the direction motion that is close to quiet locking piece, apply the axial force to the direction that is close to moving the locking piece to quiet locking piece, make quiet locking piece produce elastic deformation after with moving the locking piece contact, the application of force of piston ensures quiet locking piece and moving the locking piece contact can, can not let move locking piece and braking part contact, because still be in non-contact state between moving locking piece and the braking part this moment, so locking device's rotating part still can normally rotate along with the dabber, simultaneously because of quiet locking piece has produced great contact damping with moving locking piece's frictional force, and contact damping can reduce moving locking piece's direction motion, make the dabber rotates more steadily, the machining precision of main shaft improves. Therefore, the friction force between the movable locking piece and the static locking piece can be adjusted by controlling the force application of the piston, so that the contact damping of the movable locking piece and the static locking piece is increased, the speed fluctuation of the main shaft is more controllable, and the problems of larger speed fluctuation and low controllability of the main shaft of the existing lathe are effectively solved.

In an alternative embodiment, the encoder rotor comprises an encoder which is fixed to the outer peripheral wall of the first lock nut by means of screws;

The encoder stator comprises a reading head and a reading head cushion block fixedly connected with the reading head; the reading head is positioned at the peripheral side of the encoder, and a signal transmission gap is reserved between the reading head and the encoder;

The first lock nut is used for locking and fixing the inner ring of the rear bearing on the mandrel; the reading head cushion block is arranged between the bearing seat and the reading head, the reading head cushion block is fixed on the bearing seat through a screw, and a signal transmission gap is reserved between the reading head and the encoder; or the bearing seat assembly further comprises a rear gland, the rear gland is used for locking and fixing the outer ring of the rear bearing on the bearing seat, and the first lock nut is used for locking and fixing the inner ring of the rear bearing on the mandrel; the reading head cushion block is arranged between the rear gland and the reading head, and the reading head cushion block is fixed on the rear gland through a screw.

The beneficial effects are that: through the reading head cushion block that sets up, can select the reading head cushion block of corresponding model size according to the difference size of actual assembly precision, the clearance etc. requirement between encoder rotor and the encoder stator, realize adjusting the mesh of clearance distance between encoder rotor and the encoder stator, ensure that even each structure on the main shaft has certain assembly error, also can reserve certain clearance distance between reading head and the encoder, guarantee the normal transmission of signal. Through the reading head cushion block that sets up, when the later maintenance is changed, only need change the reading head cushion block of adaptation size can, other main shaft parts need not to change, make same type main shaft can reach different precision, widened the range of application of main shaft, but also can realize that different precision encoders exchange, and then reach the configuration demand of the different positioning accuracy of same kind main shaft external diameter to carry out the optimal cost control.

In an alternative embodiment, the locking device has a released state, a damped state and a braked state;

when the locking device is in a release state, a first gap is formed between the movable locking piece and the braking part, a second gap is formed between the static locking piece and the movable locking piece, and a third gap is formed between the static locking piece and the end face of the piston;

When the locking device is in a damping state, the static locking piece is in contact with the movable locking piece, and the movable locking piece is not in contact with the braking part;

When the locking device is in a braking state, the movable locking piece is clamped and fixed between the static locking piece and the braking part;

The static locking piece and the movable locking piece are made of elastic materials, and the first gap is in the elastic deformation range of the movable locking piece; the sum of the first gap and the second gap is in the elastic deformation range of the static locking piece, and the effective stroke of the piston is larger than the sum of the first gap, the second gap and the third gap.

The beneficial effects are that: when the main shaft carries out low-speed linkage processing, locking device switches to damping state, pressure medium can promote the piston to be close to the direction motion of quiet latch segment, make quiet latch segment produce elastic deformation back with move the latch segment contact, the application of force of piston ensures that quiet latch segment and move the latch segment contact can, can not let move the latch segment and contact with the brake component, because move still be in non-contact state between latch segment and the brake component this moment, locking device's rotating part still can normally rotate along with the dabber, simultaneously because of quiet latch segment and the frictional force that moves the latch segment produced great contact damping, and contact damping can reduce the fluctuation of moving the latch segment, make the dabber rotate more steadily, improve the machining precision of main shaft. In addition, the first gap and the second gap can effectively ensure that when the spindle runs in the full rotation speed range without locking, the movable locking piece and the static locking piece cannot interfere, and the effective stroke of the piston can ensure that the pressure of the pressure medium is fully acted on the movable locking piece by adopting the design larger than the sum of the first gap, the second gap and the third gap.

In an alternative embodiment, one end of the piston, which is close to the static locking piece, is provided with an annular abutting boss, the movable locking piece and the static locking piece are annular, the outer diameter of the abutting boss is smaller than or equal to the outer diameter of the movable locking piece, and the inner diameter of the abutting boss is larger than the inner diameter of the static locking piece.

The beneficial effects are that: through setting the size of butt boss in above-mentioned size range, ensure that the piston can with quiet locking piece between effective contact, guarantee the braking effect. In addition, because the peripheral part of the static locking piece is fixed on the braking part and does not generate elastic deformation, by adopting the design that the outer diameter of the abutting boss is smaller than or equal to the outer diameter of the movable locking piece, the movable locking piece can be clamped more efficiently during braking, and the problems that the outer diameter of the abutting boss is overlarge, the part which is contacted with the periphery of the static locking piece and does not generate elastic deformation causes the stress of the static locking piece to be overlarge and the middle part is not easy to deform can be avoided; through adopting the internal diameter design that the internal diameter of butt boss is greater than quiet latch segment, can effectually avoid moving the latch segment and when the deflection of quiet latch segment is very big, the butt boss easily with move the root position that the latch segment is close to the dabber and take place to interfere, influence the normal work of main shaft.

In an alternative embodiment, the stationary portion further comprises:

a locking housing screwed to the brake member;

the locking inner shell is connected in the locking outer shell through a screw, an installation space is formed by enclosing the locking outer shell and the locking inner shell, and the piston is movably installed in the installation space;

a limiting step is arranged in the locking inner shell and used for limiting the piston to retract to a limiting position, so that a pressure cavity is formed between the end surface of one side of the piston, which is far away from the static locking piece, and the inner wall of the installation space;

The locking shell is provided with a pressurizing channel which is communicated with the external pressurizing mechanism and the pressure cavity.

The beneficial effects are that: the static part is through adopting the design of locking shell and locking inner shell, and two shells make things convenient for machine-shaping more. Through the spacing step that sets up in locking inner shell, can restrict the position of piston for the piston still can have the clearance that sets for with the inner wall of installation space when resetting to initial position, in order to form the pressure chamber, conveniently let in pressure medium, in order to promote the piston motion. The pressurizing channel is arranged on the locking shell, and the locking shell is positioned on the outer side, so that the pressurizing channel is more convenient to be connected with an external pressurizing mechanism.

In an alternative embodiment, the rotating portion further comprises:

The mounting shaft sleeve is sleeved on the mandrel and connected with the mandrel through a key so that the mounting shaft sleeve can synchronously rotate along with the mandrel;

The adjusting cushion block is arranged between the movable locking piece and the end part of the mounting shaft sleeve and is used for adjusting the gap between the movable locking piece and the braking part.

The beneficial effects are that: the first gap between the movable locking piece and the braking part is adjusted by assembling the adjusting cushion blocks with different thicknesses, so that the axial movement of the main shaft is zero during locking, and the axial machining precision is ensured.

In an alternative embodiment, the lathe spindle further comprises:

The motor rotor is detachably arranged and fixed on the mandrel, and the mandrel is arranged in a reducing way along the dismounting direction of the motor rotor;

The inner peripheral part of the motor rotor and the outer peripheral part of the mandrel are surrounded to form a disassembly cavity, the disassembly cavity is communicated with an external pressurizing mechanism and is suitable for increasing the pressure in the disassembly cavity through the pressurizing mechanism, so that a disassembly gap is formed between the motor rotor and the mandrel.

The beneficial effects are that: the motor rotor and the mandrel are assembled to form a disassembly cavity, and when external media enter the disassembly cavity, the inner diameter of the motor rotor is increased by increasing the pressure of the media, so that the aim of rapidly disassembling the motor rotor is fulfilled. And through the dismantlement direction along motor rotor, design the dabber into the reducing setting, the external diameter front end of dabber is greater than the rear end promptly, and the rear end of dabber can not produce the interference when guaranteeing motor rotor dismantles, and this kind of design ensures that dabber rear end department motor rotor bearing area is greater than dabber front end department bearing area simultaneously, makes the medium pressure in the dismantlement chamber when dismantling towards the dismantlement direction, and this ladder type design is convenient for rotor assembly and dismantlement.

In an alternative embodiment, the inner peripheral wall of the motor rotor is provided with an annular groove, and the annular groove and the outer peripheral wall of the mandrel are peripherally combined to form a disassembly cavity;

The motor rotor is provided with a medium channel, the inlet end of the medium channel is communicated with the pressurizing mechanism, and the outlet end of the medium channel is communicated with the disassembly cavity;

Along the disassembly direction of the motor rotor, the mandrel comprises a large-pipe-diameter section and a small-pipe-diameter section which are sequentially arranged; the inlet end of the medium channel is positioned at one end of the motor rotor close to the small-pipe-diameter section.

The beneficial effects are that: by arranging the inlet end of the medium channel at the small pipe diameter end (rear end) of the mandrel, when the mandrel and the motor rotor are separated, a tool can be used for applying force on the motor rotor close to the large pipe diameter end (front end) of the mandrel, so that the motor rotor moves relative to the mandrel, and when the front end of the mandrel reaches the area where the disassembly cavity is located, the diameter of the mandrel is relatively smaller, so that even if the inner diameter of the motor stator is restored, the mandrel and the motor rotor can be separated smoothly.

In an alternative embodiment, the lathe spindle further comprises:

the motor stator is fixed in the shell, and a stator positioning table suitable for being matched with the motor stator in a positioning way is arranged in the shell;

the peripheral wall of dabber is provided with the rotor location platform that is suitable for with motor rotor location cooperation, is suitable for restricting motor stator and motor rotor's relative position through stator location platform and rotor location platform.

The beneficial effects are that: through the stator locating table arranged in the shell, the rotor locating table arranged outside the mandrel can effectively ensure the relative position relationship between the motor stator and the motor rotor.

In an alternative embodiment, the lathe spindle further comprises a sealing device comprising a first seal, the first seal comprising:

The sealing component is sleeved outside the mandrel, a set sealing gap is formed between the sealing component and the mandrel, the sealing component is fixed at the front end of the shell, a sealing ring groove is formed in the inner peripheral side of the sealing component and is suitable for being communicated with an external air inlet mechanism to be filled with sealing gas, an annular first V-shaped groove is formed in the peripheral wall of the mandrel, and the first V-shaped groove corresponds to the sealing ring groove;

The first annular blocking part is arranged on the periphery of the mandrel and located at the downstream of the first V-shaped groove along the direction that the polluted medium flows in from the gap between the sealing part and the mandrel, a first discharge cavity is formed between the first annular blocking part and the sealing part, and the first discharge cavity is communicated with the outside of the sealing device and is used for discharging the polluted medium.

The beneficial effects are that: when the pressure gas enters the first sealing gap through the sealing ring groove, the space of the first sealing gap is much narrower than that of the sealing ring groove, so that the pressure of the sealing gas is increased due to certain compression when the sealing gas enters the first sealing gap from the sealing ring groove, and the sealing gas has certain pressure when entering the outside through the first sealing gap, thereby achieving the sealing effect and preventing external pollutants from entering the first sealing gap. When external pollutants pass through the first layer of gas seal or pass through the first seal gap through the wall climbing effect, the seal ring groove and the first V-shaped groove can be blocked for the first time, specifically, the pollutants at the first V-shaped groove can be thrown into the seal ring groove under the centrifugal action under the high-speed rotation state of the mandrel, and then discharged to the outside under the gravity action; if external pollutants further enter the second sealing gap to reach the first discharging cavity, the pollution medium extruded by the second sealing gap can be suddenly released at the moment of entering the first discharging cavity, the pressure of the pollution medium is reduced, the pollution medium is insufficient to support the pollution medium to further enter the inside of the spindle, the outer diameter of the first annular blocking part is larger than the outer diameter of the spindle, the external diameter of the first annular blocking part also plays a certain role in blocking, so that the effective sealing effect can be achieved, the bearing in the spindle is protected from being polluted by cutting fluid or atomizing gas, the service life of the spindle is prolonged, and the problems that the cutting fluid or the atomizing gas easily enters the inside of the spindle in the prior art, pollutes the bearing and influences the service life of the spindle are effectively solved.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a lathe spindle according to one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the structure at the encoder module of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the structure of an encoder module according to another embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of the structure of an encoder module according to another embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of the structure of the motor stator disassembly chamber of FIG. 1;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of the housing according to the embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a mandrel according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is an enlarged view of the structure of the locking device of FIG. 1;

FIG. 9 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the locking device of FIG. 1 at the pressurization passageway;

FIG. 10 is an enlarged view of the piston, movable locking tab, and stationary locking tab of FIG. 9 at the mating location;

FIG. 11 is a further enlarged schematic view of the engagement location of the abutment boss, movable locking tab, static locking tab, and detent of FIG. 10;

FIG. 12 is a schematic view illustrating the assembly of a brake assembly with a static locking tab and an elastic return mechanism in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 13 is an enlarged partial cross-sectional view of FIG. 12;

FIG. 14 is a schematic view of a piston according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of a spindle nose seal in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 16 is an enlarged view of FIG. 15 at A;

FIG. 17 is a schematic view of the structure of FIG. 15 at a different cut-away position A;

FIG. 18 is an enlarged view of FIG. 15 at B;

FIG. 19 is an enlarged view of the seal ring groove and flow channel, flow collecting groove connection in the embodiment of the invention;

figure 20 is a schematic structural view of a sealing sleeve in an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 21 is a schematic view of a portion of a front cup according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Reference numerals illustrate:

10. A housing; 101. a stator positioning table;

11. A mandrel; 111. a rotor positioning table; 112. a first annular barrier; 113. a first V-groove; 114. a first boss;

12. A motor rotor; 120. disassembling the cavity; 121. a media channel;

13. A motor stator;

14. A front bearing;

15. a front gland; 151. a first annular insertion projection;

16. A front spacer; 160. a spacer body; 1601. a third V-groove; 161. a second annular barrier; 162. the second annular inserting groove; 163. a second annular insertion projection; 1631. a second V-groove;

17. an intermediate spacer; 18. a second lock nut;

20. A bearing block assembly; 21. a rear bearing; 22. a first lock nut; 23. a bearing seat; 24. a rear gland;

25. an encoder module;

251. An encoder rotor; 2511. an encoder mount; 2512. an encoder; 252. an encoder stator; 2521. a reading head; 2522. a reading head cushion block;

26. a rear spacer;

30. A sealing device; 301. a first discharge chamber; 302. a second discharge chamber; 303. a third discharge chamber; 304. a fourth discharge chamber; 305. a fifth discharge chamber;

3001. A first seal gap; 3002. a second seal gap; 3003. a third seal gap; 3004. a fourth seal gap; 3005. a fifth seal gap; 3006. a sixth sealing gap; 3007. a seventh seal gap;

31. A sealing member;

311. a sealing seat; 3111. a first discharge port; 3112. a second discharge port; 3113. a collecting groove; 3114. a second intake passage;

312. Sealing sleeve; 3120. sealing ring grooves; 3121. an air distribution groove; 3122. a first air intake passage; 3123. a diversion channel; 31231. a first flow directing channel; 31232. a second flow directing channel; 31233. a third flow directing channel; 31234. a fourth flow directing channel; 31235. and a fifth diversion channel.

40. A locking device; 401. a first gap; 402. a second gap; 403. a third gap;

41. A rotating portion; 411. a movable locking piece; 412. installing a shaft sleeve; 413. adjusting the cushion block; 414. a locking disc; 415. a gasket;

42. A stationary portion; 420. a pressure chamber; 421. a braking member; 4210. a spring mounting hole; 422. a static locking piece; 4220. a spring avoiding hole; 423. a piston; 4231. abutting against the boss; 424. a locking housing; 4240. a pressurizing passage; 425. locking the inner shell; 4251. a limit step; 426. an elastic reset mechanism.

Detailed Description

For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

An embodiment of the present invention is described below with reference to fig. 1 to 21.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, in one aspect, the present invention provides a lathe spindle, including a housing 10, a spindle 11, a bearing seat assembly 20, and an encoder module 25, wherein the spindle 11 is rotatably disposed in the housing 10, the bearing seat assembly 20 is disposed at a rear end of the spindle 11, the bearing seat assembly 20 includes a rear bearing 21, a first lock nut 22, and a bearing seat 23, the first lock nut 22 is screwed on the spindle 11, the first lock nut 22 limits the rear bearing 21 in an axial direction of the spindle 11, and the bearing seat 23 is fixed on the housing 10. The encoder module 25 includes an encoder rotor 251 and an encoder stator 252, the encoder rotor 251 is detachably mounted and fixed on the first lock nut 22, the encoder stator 252 is directly or indirectly fixed on the bearing seat 23, and a signal transmission gap is reserved between the encoder rotor 251 and the encoder stator 252.

In the above embodiment, the first lock nut 22 is used for limiting and fixing the rear bearing 21, and the encoder rotor 251 is detachably mounted and fixed on the first lock nut 22, so that the encoder rotor 251 and the mandrel 11 can be mounted and fixed by means of the first lock nut 22, and the first lock nut 22 can fix the rear bearing 21 and assist in mounting and fixing the encoder rotor 251, so that the structure is further simplified. And during assembly, the encoder rotor 251 can be directly detached from the first lock nut 22, and can be detached from the main shaft together with the first lock nut 22, so that the assembly is very convenient and quick. In addition, through installing encoder rotor 251 on first lock nut 22, if first lock nut 22 takes place not hard up, under the high-speed rotation state of dabber 11, encoder rotor 251 can rock along with first lock nut 22, because encoder rotor 251 changes for the position of encoder stator 252, can make the response signal that encoder stator 252 received unstable, change repeatedly, this anomaly just can be detected to encoder module 25 at this moment, can send the warning, the system will judge first lock nut 22 appearance is not hard up in receiving the warning signal, in time shut down, avoid taking place bigger incident, reduce economic loss because of unusual causes, the encoder 2512 fixed knot of the lathe spindle of effectual solution in the prior art has spare part more, the dismouting is difficult and the lock nut on dabber 11 easily appears not hard up, the higher problem of potential safety hazard.

Specifically, the lathe includes a control system electrically connected to the encoder module 25, when the first lock nut 22 is loosened, the encoder stator 252 repeatedly changes when receiving the induction signal of the encoder rotor 251, the encoder module 25 feeds back the abnormal signal to the control system, and the control system can determine that the first lock nut 22 is loosened, so as to control the complete machine to stop running, thereby avoiding causing larger safety accidents.

In this embodiment, the encoder rotor 251 is mounted on the first lock nut 22, which can complement each other, on the one hand, the first lock nut 22 can facilitate the disassembly and assembly of the encoder rotor 251, and when the encoder rotor 251 and the first lock nut 22 are assembled, the encoder rotor 251 and the first lock nut 22 are connected with the mandrel 11, and when the encoder rotor 251 and the first lock nut 22 are disassembled, the encoder rotor 251 and the first lock nut 22 can be directly screwed off the mandrel 11 as a whole, and then the encoder rotor 251 is disassembled from the first lock nut 22, so that the assembly efficiency of the encoder 2512 is greatly improved; on the other hand, the encoder rotor 251 can also assist in detecting whether the first lock nut 22 is loose, and no additional sensor or other parts are needed for detection, so that the structure is further simplified, and the cost is saved.

Specifically, the encoder rotor 251 can be fixed on the outer periphery of the first lock nut 22 through a screw or a clamping manner, the first lock nut 22 is of an annular structure with an L-shaped section, a step accommodating part capable of accommodating the limiting encoder rotor 251 is formed on the outer periphery of the first lock nut 22, the first lock nut 22 and the encoder rotor 251 are matched more compactly and stably through the arrangement of the step accommodating part, the outer periphery of the encoder rotor 251 does not exceed the outer peripheral surface of the step accommodating part, and the encoder rotor 251 is embedded in the step accommodating part, so that the encoder rotor 251 can be protected by the step accommodating part, and the encoder rotor 251 is prevented from being scratched and damaged by external components.

Further, the first lock nut 22 is provided with an internal thread by a short cylindrical screw connection portion and an annular supporting portion provided at one end of the screw connection portion, and a space between an outer peripheral wall of the screw connection portion and the annular supporting portion forms a stepped accommodating portion in which the encoder stator 252 is accommodated. The annular support portion is located on a side close to the rear bearing 21, and is adapted to abut against an end portion of the rear bearing 21 to limit the rear bearing 21 in the axial direction of the spindle 11, locking the rear bearing 21 to the spindle 11. The contact area between the first lock nut 22 and the rear bearing 21 can be further increased by the annular supporting portion, and the locking effect can be further improved.

Preferably, a rear spacer 26 is arranged between the rear bearing 21 and the first lock nut 22, and the problem that the first lock nut 22 directly abuts against the inner ring part of the rear bearing 21 to easily cause structural hard damage can be effectively prevented through the arranged rear spacer 26.

In this embodiment, the encoder rotor 251 and the encoder stator 252 transmit signals by magnetic induction, the encoder rotor 251 is provided with a reading bar, the reading bar triggers the encoder stator 252 to generate an induction signal when passing through the encoder stator 252 in the process that the encoder rotor 251 rotates along with the mandrel 11, if the first locking nut 22 is loose, the encoder rotor 251 correspondingly changes the position of the encoder stator 252, the signal repeatedly changes, the encoder 2512 sends an abnormal alarm signal, and the control system receives the abnormal alarm signal and stops in time, so that larger accidents can be avoided, and the abnormal cost is reduced.

In some embodiments, encoder rotor 251 includes an encoder 2512, encoder 2512 being secured to the outer peripheral wall of first lock nut 22 by screws; encoder stator 252 includes a read head 2521, and a read head pad 2522 fixedly coupled to read head 2521; the reading head 2521 is located on the outer peripheral side of the encoder 2512, and a signal transmission gap is reserved between the reading head 2521 and the encoder 2512.

In some embodiments, as shown in connection with fig. 1 and 4, a first lock nut 22 is used to lock and fix the inner ring of the rear bearing 21 to the spindle 11; the reading head pad 2522 is disposed between the bearing housing 23 and the reading head 2521, and the reading head pad 2522 is directly fixed to the bearing housing 23 by screws.

In other variant embodiments, as shown in connection with fig. 1 and 2, the bearing seat assembly 20 further comprises a bearing seat 23 and a rear gland 24, the rear gland 24 being used for locking and fixing the outer ring of the rear bearing 21 on the bearing seat 23, and the first lock nut 22 being used for locking and fixing the inner ring of the rear bearing 21 on the mandrel 11; the reading head cushion block 2522 is arranged between the rear gland 24 and the reading head 2521, and the reading head cushion block 2522 is fixed on the rear gland 24 through screws; the reading head 2521 is located on the outer peripheral side of the encoder 2512, and a signal transmission gap is reserved between the reading head 2521 and the encoder 2512.

In this embodiment, through the set read head pad 2522, the read head pad 2522 with a corresponding model size can be selected according to the requirements of the difference of the actual assembly precision and the gap between the encoder rotor 251 and the encoder stator 252, so as to achieve the purpose of adjusting the gap distance between the encoder rotor 251 and the encoder stator 252, ensure that even if each structure on the main shaft has a certain assembly error, a certain gap distance can be reserved between the read head 2521 and the encoder 2512, and ensure the normal transmission of signals. Through the reading head pad 2522 that sets up, when later maintenance is changed, only need change the reading head pad 2522 of adaptation size can, other main shaft parts need not change, make same type main shaft can reach different precision, widened the range of application of main shaft, but also can realize different precision encoder 2512 and exchange, and then reach the configuration demand of the different positioning accuracy of same main shaft external diameter to carry out the optimal cost control.

In other variant embodiments, the encoder stator 252 is not provided with a read head block 2522, the read head being directly fixed to the bearing housing 23. Specifically, as shown in connection with fig. 1 and 3, the encoder rotor 251 includes an encoder mounting base 2511 and an encoder 2512 mounted on the encoder mounting base 2511, the encoder mounting base 2511 being fixed to the outer peripheral wall of the first lock nut 22 by screws. The encoder 2512 is fixed to the encoder mounting base 2511 by screws, and rotates together with the spindle 11. The encoder stator 252 is fixed on the bearing seat 23 through screw connection, and the encoder stator 252 is arranged opposite to the encoder 2512; a gap is reserved between the encoder stator 252 and the encoder 2512 for signal transmission.

The fixed encoder 2512 is mounted by the encoder mounting base 2511 provided, and the encoder mounting base 2511 of a corresponding model size can be selected according to the size of the difference in actual assembly accuracy, the gap between the encoder rotor 251 and the encoder stator 252, and the like. Through the encoder mount pad 2511 and the reading head pad 2522 that set up, when later maintenance is changed, only need change encoder mount pad 2511 and the reading head pad 2522 of adaptation size can, other main shaft parts need not to change, make same type main shaft can reach different precision, widened the range of application of main shaft, but also can realize that different precision encoders 2512 exchange, and then reach the configuration demand of the different positioning accuracy of same main shaft external diameter to carry out the optimal cost control.

It should be noted that, in the present embodiment, the inner periphery of the bearing seat 23 is designed in a multi-stage step shape, which is convenient for mounting and fixing the rear bearing 21, and is more suitable for mounting and using the multiple types of encoders 2512. The first lock nut 22 is fixed to the spindle 11 by a screw connection, the encoder mount 2511 is fixed to the first lock nut 22 by a screw, and the encoder 2512 is fixed to the encoder mount 2511 by a screw to rotate together with the spindle 11. The rear gland 24 is of an annular structure with an L-shaped section, step limiting is carried out between the rear gland 24 and the bearing seat 23, the rear gland 24 is located between the rear bearing 21 and the first locking nut 22, the reading head pad 2522 and the reading head 2521 are mounted on the end face, close to the first locking nut 22, of the rear gland 24 through screws, the reading head 2521 is located on the outer peripheral side of the encoder 2512, and a certain gap is kept between the encoder 2512 and the reading head 2521 for signal transmission. The encoder module 25 may implement different encoder 2512 configurations by replacing the encoder mounts 2511, the read head pad block 2522, and the like.

Further, the first lock nut 22, the encoder mounting seat 2511 and the encoder 2512 are rotationally symmetrical parts, and contact portions of the first lock nut 22, the encoder mounting seat 2511 and the encoder 2512 are ground to ensure mounting accuracy. Preferably, both the encoder mount 2511 and the encoder 2512 are annular structures, with the read head pad 2522 and read head 2521 being non-annular structures. The encoder mounting base 2511 and the encoder 2512 can be designed and matched in different modes according to the precision requirement, and the configuration range of positioning precision from 10 to 4 angular seconds can be realized. The encoder module 25 provided in this embodiment only needs to replace the encoder mounting seat 2511 and the reading head pad 2522 during later maintenance, and the other main shaft parts do not need to be changed, so that different precision can be achieved for the same type of main shaft, and the application range of the main shaft is widened.

In some embodiments, as shown in connection with fig. 1, 8-10, and 11, along the disassembly direction of the mandrel 11, the mandrel 11 includes a front end and a rear end that are disposed in sequence; the lathe spindle further comprises a locking device 40 arranged at the rear end of the mandrel 11, the locking device 40 is positioned outside the bearing seat assembly 20 and the encoder module 25, the locking device 40 comprises a rotating part 41 and a static part 42, the rotating part 41 is fixed on the mandrel 11, and the rotating part 41 comprises a movable locking piece 411; the stationary part 42 is mounted on the housing 10, and the stationary part 42 includes a braking member 421, a stationary locking piece 422, and a piston 423; the braking part 421 is fixed on the housing 10, the movable locking piece 411 is located between the static locking piece 422 and the braking part 421, the outer peripheral portion of the static locking piece 422 is fixed on the braking part 421, and the piston 423 is adapted to drive the middle portion of the static locking piece 422 to move in a direction approaching to the movable locking piece 411 so as to generate a damping effect on the movable locking piece 411, or clamp and fix the movable locking piece 411 between the static locking piece 422 and the braking part 421 to realize braking.

In the above embodiment, the encoder 2512 can be protected from damage and pollution by the locking device 40 disposed at the outer side of the bearing seat assembly 20 and the encoder module 25; meanwhile, the encoder 2512 can be replaced in the on-machine state of the main shaft to achieve precision improvement or maintenance. In addition, through the static locking piece 422 that sets up, when braking, static locking piece 422 and brake part 421 double-sided locking, the both sides of moving locking piece 411 receive the friction, compare in single friction braking, under the same pressure, the brake torque is bigger, more easily braking, and when the main shaft carries out low-speed linkage processing, locking device can realize high damping action, pressure medium can promote the piston 423 to the direction that is close to static locking piece 422 motion, apply the axial force to the direction that is close to moving locking piece 411 to static locking piece 422, make static locking piece 422 produce elastic deformation back contact with moving locking piece 411, the application of force of piston 423 ensures that static locking piece 422 and moving locking piece 411 can, can not let moving locking piece 411 and brake part 421 contact, because still be in non-contact state between moving locking piece 411 and the brake part 421 this moment, the rotation part 41 of locking device 40 still can normally rotate along with dabber 11, simultaneously because of static locking piece 422 and moving locking piece 411's frictional force has produced great contact damping, and contact damping can reduce moving locking piece 411's rotation, make the fluctuation precision of dabber 11 more smoothly, processing precision is improved. Therefore, the application can realize the adjustment of the friction force between the movable locking piece 411 and the static locking piece 422 by controlling the force application of the piston 423, thereby increasing the contact damping of the movable locking piece 411 and the static locking piece 422, leading the speed fluctuation of the main shaft to be more controllable, and effectively solving the problems of larger speed fluctuation and low controllability of the main shaft of the existing lathe.

In addition, the application contacts with the movable locking piece 411 to brake by additionally arranging the static locking piece 422, compared with the prior art that the piston 423 is directly connected with the movable locking piece 411, the application can effectively avoid the phenomenon that the elastic reset mechanism 426 fails, the piston 423 can not normally reset and is not separated from the movable locking piece 411, thereby leading the sealing piece of the piston 423 to be easily damaged.

Specifically, in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and 8 to 13, the braking member 421 includes a braking plate, and a side wall of the braking plate adjacent to the movable locking piece 411 is a vertical plane, and the movable locking piece 411 is located between the braking plate and the static locking piece 422. The brake member 421 may be fixed to the housing 10 by a screw, and an elastic restoring mechanism 426 is provided between the brake member 421 and the piston 423, the piston 423 moves in a direction approaching the static locking piece 422 under an external pressure, and the elastic restoring mechanism 426 is used to restore to be separated from the static locking piece 422 when the piston 423 removes the external force.

Alternatively, as shown in fig. 12 and 13, the elastic restoring mechanism 426 includes a protection spring, the piston 423 is tightly supported and positioned by the protection spring, a spring mounting hole 4210 is provided on one side of the braking member 421 near the piston 423, the protection spring is assembled in the spring mounting hole 4210 of the braking member 421, the protection spring is compressed during the leftward movement of the piston 423, an axial force to the static locking piece 422 is applied to the left, and when the external force of the piston 423 is removed, the protection spring pushes the piston 423 to the right, so that the piston 423 is out of contact with the static locking piece 422.

Optionally, a spring avoidance hole 4220 is provided on the static locking piece 422 corresponding to the protection spring, and the protection spring may pass through the spring avoidance hole 4220 to abut against the piston 423.

In some embodiments, the locking device 40 has a released state, a damped state, and a braked state:

As shown in fig. 1, 9 to 12, when the locking device 40 is in the released state, a first gap 401 is formed between the movable locking piece 411 and the braking member 421, a second gap 402 is formed between the static locking piece 422 and the movable locking piece 411, and a third gap 403 is formed between the static locking piece 422 and the end face of the piston 423; when the locking device 40 is in a damping state, the static locking piece 422 is contacted with the movable locking piece 411, and the movable locking piece 411 is not contacted with the braking component 421; when the locking device 40 is in a braked state, the movable locking piece 411 is clamped and fixed between the stationary locking piece 422 and the brake member 421.

Further, the static locking piece 422 and the dynamic locking piece 411 are both made of elastic materials, and the first gap 401 is within the elastic deformation range of the dynamic locking piece 411; the sum of the first gap 401 and the second gap 402 is within the elastic deformation range of the static lock piece 422, and the effective stroke of the piston 423 is larger than the sum of the first gap 401, the second gap 402, and the third gap 403.

In the above embodiment, when the spindle performs the low-speed linkage processing, the locking device 40 is switched to the damping state, the pressure medium pushes the piston 423 to move in the direction approaching to the static locking piece 422, so that the static locking piece 422 is elastically deformed and then contacts with the moving locking piece 411, the force applied by the piston 423 ensures that the static locking piece 422 contacts with the moving locking piece 411, and the moving locking piece 411 cannot contact with the braking component 421, because the moving locking piece 411 and the braking component 421 are still in the non-contact state at this time, the rotating part 41 of the locking device 40 can still rotate normally along with the spindle 11, and meanwhile, because the friction force between the static locking piece 422 and the moving locking piece 411 generates larger contact damping, the contact damping can reduce the fluctuation of the moving locking piece 411, so that the spindle 11 rotates more stably, and the processing precision of the spindle is improved. In addition, the first gap 401 and the second gap 402 can effectively ensure that the movable locking piece 411 and the static locking piece 422 do not interfere when the spindle runs in the full rotation speed range without locking by adopting the design of the size range, and the effective stroke of the piston 423 can ensure that the pressure of the pressure medium fully acts on the movable locking piece 411 by adopting the design of being larger than the sum of the first gap 401, the second gap 402 and the third gap 403.

In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 1, 10,11 and 14, an annular abutment boss 4231 is disposed at one end of the piston 423 near the static locking piece 422, the dynamic locking piece 411 and the static locking piece 422 are also annular, the outer diameter of the abutment boss 4231 is smaller than or equal to the outer diameter of the dynamic locking piece 411, and the inner diameter of the abutment boss 4231 is larger than the inner diameter of the static locking piece 422.

In the above embodiment, by setting the size of the abutment boss 4231 within the above size range, effective contact between the piston 423 and the static lock piece 422 is ensured, ensuring the braking effect. In addition, since the outer peripheral portion of the static locking piece 422 is fixed on the braking member 421 and does not deform elastically, by adopting the design that the outer diameter of the abutting boss 4231 is smaller than or equal to the outer diameter of the dynamic locking piece 411, not only can the dynamic locking piece 411 be clamped more efficiently during braking be ensured, but also the problem that the outer diameter of the abutting boss 4231 is overlarge and contacts with the portion of the outer periphery of the static locking piece 422, which does not deform elastically, so that the stress of the static locking piece 422 is overlarge and the middle portion is not easy to deform can be avoided; by adopting the design that the inner diameter of the abutting boss 4231 is larger than that of the static locking piece 422, the phenomenon that the abutting boss 4231 is easy to interfere with the root position of the dynamic locking piece 411, which is close to the mandrel 11, when the deformation of the dynamic locking piece 411 and the static locking piece 422 is large can be effectively avoided, and the normal operation of the main shaft is affected.

In the present embodiment, the third gap 403 is formed by a gap between the end surface of the abutment boss 4231 and the static locking piece 422. The piston 423 is a rotationally symmetrical member, wherein the end of the piston 423 is provided with an abutment boss 4231 for pressing the static locking piece 422, the outer diameter of the abutment boss 4231 does not exceed the outer diameter of the dynamic locking piece 411, the inner diameter of the abutment boss 4231 is larger than the inner diameter of the static locking piece 422, and the design of the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the abutment boss 4231 also ensures that the stress of the static locking piece 422 is not 80% of the yield limit of the material when elastic deformation occurs.

Optionally, the protruding height of the abutment boss 4231 is the sum of the first gap 401, the second gap 402 and the third gap 403, so that the end surface of the abutment boss 4231 does not interfere with the static locking piece 422 during the locking action of the piston 423.

In this embodiment, the movable locking piece 411, the static locking piece 422 and the abutment boss 4231 are all annular and are coaxially arranged.

Further, in this embodiment, the braking member 421 is of an annular structure, the braking member 421 includes an annular braking plate and a cylindrical connecting plate, one end of the cylindrical connecting plate is integrally fixed on the peripheral edge of the braking plate, the other end of the cylindrical connecting plate is fixedly connected with the housing 10, the static locking piece 422 is annular, the static locking piece 422 includes a fixing portion located at the outer ring and an abutting portion located at the inner ring, the fixing portion is provided with a plurality of screw holes along the circumferential direction at intervals, and the fixing portion is fixed on the braking plate by a plurality of screws.

In one embodiment, a circle of screw columns are fixedly arranged on the periphery of the brake plate, and the screw holes on the static locking piece 422 and the screw columns on the brake plate are connected through screws, so that the static locking piece 422 and the brake part 421 are fixedly connected, the static locking piece 422 can be fixedly connected through the design of the screw columns, and a certain protruding height can enable a clearance space for the movable locking piece 411 to extend into to be formed between the static locking piece 422 and the brake plate.

In other variant embodiments, a circle of annular boss may be fixedly arranged on the periphery of the brake plate, a connection hole is formed on the annular boss corresponding to the screw hole, the screw hole of the static locking piece 422 is connected with the connection hole on the brake plate through a screw, the static locking piece 422 is fixedly connected with the brake member 421, and a clearance space for the movable locking piece 411 to extend into is formed between the static locking piece 422 and the brake plate due to the design of the annular boss.

In some embodiments, the stationary portion 42 further includes a locking outer housing 424 and a locking inner housing 425, the locking outer housing 424 being screw-coupled to the brake member 421; the locking inner shell 425 is connected in the locking outer shell 424 by screws, an installation space is formed by enclosing the locking outer shell 424 and the locking inner shell 425, and the piston 423 is movably installed in the installation space; a limiting step 4251 is arranged in the locking inner shell 425, and the limiting step 4251 is used for limiting the piston 423 to retract to a limiting position, so that a pressure cavity 420 is formed between the end surface of one side of the piston 423, which is far away from the static locking piece 422, and the inner wall of the installation space; the lock housing 424 is provided with a pressurizing passage 4240 communicating the external pressurizing mechanism with the pressure chamber 420.

In the above embodiment, the stationary portion 42 is more easily formed by employing the design of the locking outer housing 424 and the locking inner housing 425. The position of the piston 423 can be limited by the limiting step 4251 provided in the locking inner housing 425, so that a set gap can be formed between the piston 423 and the inner wall of the installation space when the piston 423 is restored to the initial position, thereby forming the pressure chamber 420, and the pressure medium is conveniently introduced to push the piston 423 to move. By opening the pressurizing passage 4240 on the lock housing 424, the connection of the pressurizing passage 4240 with the external pressurizing mechanism is facilitated because the lock housing 424 is located outside.

Specifically, along the direction of the pressure medium, as shown in fig. 9, the pressurizing passage 4240 includes a first passage and a second passage that are sequentially disposed, the first passage and the second passage are vertically connected, wherein the central axis direction of the first passage is perpendicular to the central axis direction of the mandrel 11, the central axis direction of the second passage is parallel to the central axis direction of the mandrel 11, and the pressure medium enters from the first passage and then enters the pressure chamber 420 via the second passage.

In this embodiment, when the locking device 40 performs a locking action, the pressure medium enters the second passage through the first passage, and then enters the pressure chamber 420 formed by the piston 423, the locking outer housing 424, and the locking inner housing 425 through the second passage, so as to push the piston 423 to move leftward. The piston 423 compresses the protection spring during the leftward movement; the static locking piece 422 is applied with an axial force to the left, so that the static locking piece 422 is elastically deformed and then presses the movable locking piece 411, the movable locking piece 411 is forced to elastically deform and contact the braking component 421, and the medium in the pressure cavity 420 is maintained according to the requirement, so that the locking action is completed. When the locking device 40 is released, the medium in the pressure chamber 420 is released, and the protecting spring is rebounded to push the piston 423 to move rightward to be separated from the static locking piece 422 until contacting with the limiting step 4251 of the locking inner shell 425. Meanwhile, the static locking piece 422 and the dynamic locking piece 411 are not subjected to elastic deformation after pressure recovery, are separated from each other, and have a certain gap, and the dynamic locking piece 411 and the static locking piece 422 are made of elastic materials. The pressure medium may be any liquid or gas that can reach the set desired pressure.

Preferably, the pressurizing passages 4240 have two sets, and the two sets of pressurizing passages 4240 are symmetrically distributed along the radial direction of the locking housing 424, so that the entire locking process is more stable due to the symmetrical pressurization when the locking action is performed.

In some embodiments, the end surface of the piston 423 on one side constituting the pressure chamber 420 is a first end surface, the surfaces of the locking outer casing 424, the locking inner casing 425 opposite to the first end surface are a second end surface and a third end surface, respectively, the second end surface and the third end surface have a height difference, the first end surface of the piston 423 is ensured to be in contact with the third end surface of the locking inner casing 425 in the non-locking state, and a certain space is left between the second end surface and the third end surface, and the space is the pressure chamber 420. Through having the design of difference in height with second terminal surface and third terminal surface for locking inner shell 425 can form the secondary spacing, further avoids the first terminal surface of piston 423 to hug closely locking shell 424, locking inner shell 425 inner wall, leads to unable pressure medium's phenomenon to take place. The locking device 40 provided in this embodiment can achieve low-speed high-damping stable operation by adjusting the medium pressure, reduce the fluctuation of the lathe spindle during low-speed linkage processing, and improve the circumferential processing precision.

It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the locking outer housing 424 and the locking inner housing 425 may be designed as separate or integrated bodies according to requirements; the brake member 421 and the housing 10 may also be designed as a separate structure or an integral structure as desired.

In some embodiments, the rotating part 41 further comprises a mounting shaft sleeve 412 and an adjusting cushion block 413, wherein the mounting shaft sleeve 412 is sleeved on the mandrel 11 and is connected with the mandrel 11 through a key so that the mounting shaft sleeve 412 can synchronously rotate along with the mandrel 11; an adjustment spacer 413 is provided between the movable locking piece 411 and an end of the mounting shaft sleeve 412 for adjusting a gap between the movable locking piece 411 and the brake member 421.

In the above embodiment, the first gap 401 between the movable locking piece 411 and the braking member 421 is adjusted by assembling the adjusting pads 413 with different thicknesses, so that the axial play is zero during the locking of the spindle, and the effect of axial machining precision is ensured.

Further, as shown in fig. 1 and 8 to 10, the rotating portion 41 further includes a locking disc 414, where the locking disc 414 is fixedly connected with the mounting shaft sleeve 412, and the locking disc 414 is screwed on the spindle, so that the whole rotating portion 41 is suitable for being limited and fixed in the axial direction. The rotating part 41 further comprises a gasket 415, a static locking piece 422, a gasket 415 and an adjusting cushion block 413, wherein the gasket 415, the gasket 415 and the adjusting cushion block 413 are fixed on the mounting shaft sleeve 412 through screws, the gasket 415 and the adjusting cushion block 413 are respectively arranged on two sides of the movable locking piece 411, wherein the gasket 415 is arranged on one side close to a screw cap, and structural damage caused by the screw cap pressing the movable locking piece 411 is prevented. The adjustment block 413 is located between the other side of the movable locking tab 411 and the end wall of the mounting sleeve 412.

In this embodiment, the locking device 40 is divided into a stationary part 42 and a rotating part 41, wherein the stationary part 42 is composed of a braking member 421, a stationary locking piece 422, a protection spring, a piston 423, a locking outer housing 424, and a locking inner housing 425, which cannot perform a rotational movement, and is called the stationary part 42. The rotating part 41 is composed of a locking disk 414, a mounting shaft sleeve 412, a gasket 415, an adjusting pad 413, and a movable locking piece 411, which is rotatable with the spindle 11, and is called as the rotating part 41. The locking device 40 has compact structure, stability and reliability, can be arranged inside the main shaft, and is convenient to assemble.

Further, the lock housing 424 is fixed to the brake member 421 by a screw; the locking inner case 425 is fixed inside the locking outer case 424 by a screw; piston 423 is assembled in a cavity formed by locking outer shell 424 and locking inner shell 425 and is tightly pressed and positioned by a protection spring; the protection spring is fitted into the spring mounting hole 4210 of the brake member 421 and compressed by the piston 423 and the brake member 421. The gasket 415, the movable locking piece 411 and the adjusting cushion block 413 are fixed on the mounting shaft sleeve 412 through screws; the mounting sleeve 412 is keyed to the spindle 11 for rotation with the spindle 11. The movable locking piece 411 is locked when the locking action is performed, achieving the effect of preventing the rotation of the spindle 11. The invention has compact structure, stability and reliability, and can achieve a locking or high damping running state by adjusting the pressure of the medium.

The invention can realize the adjustment of the friction force between the movable locking piece 411 and the static locking piece 422 by controlling the pressure of the medium, thereby increasing the contact damping and leading the speed fluctuation of the main shaft to be more controllable. Meanwhile, in the spindle structure provided by the embodiment, the built-in locking device 40 is realized, and meanwhile, the axial zero-play effect of the spindle during locking can be realized through the structures such as the arranged adjusting cushion block 413, so that the spindle has higher machining precision. Compared with the external locking mechanism commonly used in the market at present, the invention has the advantages of stability, reliability, small occupied space and the like, can realize low-speed high-damping stable linkage processing, and can meet the requirement on the speed fluctuation of the main shaft when the low-speed linkage processing is carried out in a turning and milling composite processing center.

In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 1 and 5, the lathe spindle further comprises a motor, the motor comprises a motor rotor 12 and a motor stator 13, the motor rotor 12 is detachably mounted and fixed on the mandrel 11, and the mandrel 11 is in a diameter-reducing arrangement along the dismounting direction of the motor rotor 12; the inner peripheral part of the motor rotor 12 and the outer peripheral part of the mandrel 11 are circumferentially combined to form a disassembly cavity 120, the disassembly cavity 120 is communicated with an external pressurizing mechanism and is suitable for increasing the pressure in the disassembly cavity 120 through the pressurizing mechanism, so that a disassembly gap is formed between the motor rotor 12 and the mandrel 11.

In the above embodiment, the disassembly chamber 120 is formed after the motor rotor 12 and the mandrel 11 are assembled, and when the external medium enters the disassembly chamber, the inner diameter of the motor rotor 12 is increased by increasing the medium pressure, so that the purpose of rapidly disassembling the motor rotor 12 is achieved. And through along the dismantlement direction of motor rotor 12, design dabber 11 as the reducing setting, the external diameter front end of dabber 11 is greater than the rear end promptly, ensures that the rear end of dabber 11 can not produce the interference when motor rotor 12 dismantles, and this kind of design ensures simultaneously that dabber 11 rear end department motor rotor 12 pressure-bearing area is greater than dabber 11 front end department pressure-bearing area, makes the medium pressure in the dismantlement chamber 120 when dismantling towards the dismantlement direction, and this ladder type design is convenient for rotor assembly and dismantlement.

In some embodiments, the inner peripheral wall of the motor rotor 12 is provided with an annular groove, which is combined with the outer peripheral wall of the mandrel 11 to form a disassembly cavity 120; the motor rotor 12 is provided with a medium channel 121, the inlet end of the medium channel 121 is communicated with the pressurizing mechanism, and the outlet end of the medium channel is communicated with the disassembly cavity 120; along the disassembly direction of the motor rotor 12, the mandrel 11 comprises a large-pipe-diameter section and a small-pipe-diameter section which are sequentially arranged; the inlet end of the medium passage 121 is located at the end of the motor rotor 12 near the small-diameter section.

In the above embodiment, by disposing the inlet end of the medium passage 121 at the small-diameter end (rear end) of the spindle 11, when separating the spindle 11 from the motor rotor 12, a tool can be used to apply force to the motor rotor 12 near the large-diameter end (front end) of the spindle 11, so that the motor rotor 12 moves relative to the spindle 11, and when the front end of the spindle 11 reaches the area where the disassembly chamber 120 is located, the medium in the disassembly chamber 120 is in a decompression state at this time, and since the diameter of the spindle 11 is relatively small here, even if the inner diameter of the motor stator 13 is restored, smooth separation of the spindle 11 and the motor rotor 12 can be ensured.

Further, the disassembling chamber 120 is an oil chamber, and the pressurizing mechanism is adapted to introduce pressure oil into the disassembling chamber 120. The medium channel 121 is obliquely arranged, and the inlet end of the medium channel 121 is provided with a connecting thread or other connecting interface for connecting with an external oil circuit.

In this embodiment, the motor rotor 12 adopts the step assembly, and the inside is equipped with dismantles chamber 120, conveniently dismantles, still can regard as the stress release structure of interference assembly simultaneously, reduces assembly stress, makes the main shaft more stable.

In some embodiments, as shown in connection with fig. 1, 6 and 7, the lathe spindle further comprises a motor stator 13 fixed in the housing 10, the housing 10 being provided with a stator positioning table 101 adapted to be in positioning engagement with the motor stator 13; the outer peripheral wall of the spindle 11 is provided with a rotor positioning table 111 adapted to be in positioning engagement with the motor rotor 12, and the relative positions of the motor stator 13 and the motor rotor 12 are restricted by the stator positioning table 101 and the rotor positioning table 111.

In the above embodiment, the relative positional relationship of the motor stator 13 and the motor rotor 12 can be effectively ensured by the stator positioning stage 101 provided in the housing 10 and the rotor positioning stage 111 provided outside the spindle 11.

In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and 15, the lathe spindle further includes a sealing device 30 disposed at the front end of the spindle 11, and a front bearing assembly disposed at the front end of the spindle 11, where the sealing device 30 is disposed outside the front bearing assembly for sealing the bearing in the spindle.

Specifically, the front bearing assembly includes a front bearing 14, a front gland 15, a front spacer 16, an intermediate spacer 17, and a second lock nut 18. The front end of the shell 10 is provided with a bearing chamber, the front bearing 14 is limited in the bearing chamber through the second lock nut 18, an intermediate spacer 17 is arranged between the front bearing 14 and the second lock nut 18, the bearing clearance between the front bearing 14 and the second lock nut 18 can be adjusted by adjusting the thickness of the front spacer 16, different bearing clearances correspond to different bearing rigidities, and the bearing rigidities are adjusted to adapt to the requirements of different load spindles.

Further, a front gland 15 and a front spacer 16 are provided outside the front end of the housing 10, wherein the front gland 15 is fixed to the housing 10 for locking and fastening the outer race of the front bearing 14 to the housing 10; a front spacer 16 is provided on the spindle 11 for locking the inner ring of the front bearing 14 to the spindle 11. The front bearing 14 may be a single bearing or a double bearing.

In this embodiment, the housing 10 is formed by integrating the front bearing housing and the motor housing 10, so that the assembly work is reduced, the machining precision is ensured, and the connecting portion is reduced, and the size of the housing is reduced. The motor adopts the synchronous permanent magnet motor, the motor size reduces by about 15% under the condition of the same performance, the overall outer diameter of the main shaft reduces by 15%, the occupied space is small, and the lightweight design of the machine tool is facilitated.

Further, the front bearing 14 and the front gland 15 are fixed on the mandrel 11 through a second lock nut 18 for transmitting torque and cutting force; the motor is a synchronous permanent magnet motor, has high power density and small volume, and is divided into a motor stator 13 and a motor rotor 12, wherein the motor stator 13 is fixed on a shell, and the motor rotor 12 is fixed on a mandrel 11; the encoder 2512 is fixed on the spindle 11 by an encoder mount 2511; the bearing seat 23 is fixed on the housing; the locking device 40 is fixed to the bearing housing 23.

Further, the outer diameters of the bearing seat 23 and the locking device 40 at the rear end of the spindle are consistent with the outer diameter of the housing 10, and the outer diameters of the bearing seat 23 and the locking device 40 can be controlled to be slightly smaller than the outer diameter of the housing 10 through tolerances, so that the convenience of installation can be ensured, and sufficient design space is reserved for the encoder 2512 and the locking device 40, so that the realization of various configurations is facilitated.

The lathe spindle provided by the embodiment is a direct-drive lathe spindle, the size of the spindle is reduced by using the synchronous permanent magnet motor, the whole quick-change design is realized, the whole structure of the spindle is compact, the size is small, the assembly is convenient, and the lightweight design of a machine tool is facilitated; the built-in locking device 40 is designed to have the advantages of small occupied space, large power torque, convenience in quick assembly of the main shaft and the like; the sealing device 30 provided at the front end of the spindle 11 protects the interior of the spindle.

The specific structure and operation of the sealing device 30 in this embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 1, 15 to 21.

In this embodiment, the sealing device 30 includes a first seal structure including the sealing member 31 and the first annular barrier 112. The sealing member 31 is sleeved outside the mandrel 11, a set sealing gap is formed between the sealing member 31 and the mandrel 11, the sealing member 31 is fixed at the front end of the housing 10, a sealing annular groove 3120 is formed in the inner circumferential side of the sealing member 31, the sealing annular groove 3120 is suitable for being communicated with an external air inlet mechanism to be filled with sealing air, an annular first V-shaped groove 113 is formed in the outer circumferential wall of the mandrel 11, and the first V-shaped groove 113 corresponds to the sealing annular groove 3120; the first annular blocking portion 112 is provided at the outer periphery of the spindle 11, and the first annular blocking portion 112 is located downstream of the first V-groove 113 in the direction in which the contaminated medium flows in from the gap between the sealing member 31 and the spindle 11, a first discharge chamber 301 is formed between the first annular blocking portion 112 and the sealing member 31, and the first discharge chamber 301 communicates with the outside of the sealing device 30 for discharging the contaminated medium.

In the above embodiment, the first seal structure is composed of both the structural seal and the gas seal, and includes the seal ring groove 3120, the first V-groove 113, the first discharge chamber 301, and the first seal gap 3001 and the second seal gap 3002 formed by the inner periphery of the seal member 31 and the outer peripheral wall of the mandrel 11, wherein the first seal gap 3001 is located upstream of the seal ring groove 3120, and the second seal gap 3002 is located downstream of the seal ring groove 3120. The gas seal is as follows: when the pressure gas passes through the seal ring groove 3120 and enters the first seal gap 3001, the space of the first seal gap 3001 is much narrower than the seal ring groove 3120, so that the pressure of the seal gas is increased due to a certain compression when entering the first seal gap 3001 from the seal ring groove 3120, and the seal gas is pressurized when entering the outside through the first seal gap 3001, thereby achieving a sealing effect and blocking the outside contaminants from entering the first seal gap 3001. The structural seal is as follows: when external pollutants pass through the first layer of gas seal or pass through the first seal gap 3001 by the wall climbing effect, the seal ring groove 3120 and the first V-shaped groove 113 will perform first blocking, specifically, the pollutants at the first V-shaped groove 113 will be thrown into the seal ring groove 3120 under the centrifugal effect under the high-speed rotation state of the mandrel 11, and then discharged to the outside under the gravity effect; if the external pollutants further enter the second sealing gap 3002 to reach the first discharging cavity 301, the pollution medium extruded by the second sealing gap 3002 is suddenly released at the moment of entering the first discharging cavity 301, and the pressure of the pollution medium is reduced, so that the pollution medium is insufficient to support the pollution medium to further enter the inside of the main shaft, an effective sealing effect can be achieved, the bearing in the main shaft is protected from being polluted by cutting fluid or atomized gas, the service life of the main shaft is prolonged, and the problems that the cutting fluid or the atomized gas easily enters the inside of the main shaft, pollutes the bearing and influences the service life of the main shaft in the prior art are effectively solved.

Alternatively, in the present embodiment, the seal ring groove 3120 is an annular groove having a rectangular cross section, and the seal ring groove 3120 communicates with the spindle external space. The first V-groove 113 is formed of a sloping side facing the outside of the main shaft, the sloping side being located at a side close to the first sealing gap 3001, and in a rotated state, external contaminants at the position of the first V-groove 113 are able to generate reverse climbing on the sloping side by centrifugal action, and are thrown out of the first sealing gap 3001, while the standing side is able to block the contaminated medium from continuing to move downward, and is able to throw the contaminated medium into the sealing ring groove 3120, and is discharged to the outside of the main shaft through the sealing ring groove 3120.

Alternatively, in this embodiment, the first annular blocking portion 112 is a boss structure fixedly disposed on the outer periphery of the mandrel 11, and the first annular blocking portion 112 and the mandrel 11 are integrally formed.

In some embodiments, the sealing member 31 includes a sealing seat 311 and a sealing sleeve 312, and the sealing seat 311 is fixedly disposed on the housing 10; the outer circumference of the sealing sleeve 312 is assembled in the sealing seat 311 in an interference manner, the inner circumference of the sealing sleeve 312 is sleeved on the mandrel 11, and the sealing ring groove 3120 is arranged on the inner circumference of the sealing sleeve 312; a set interval space is provided between the first annular blocking portion 112 and the inner side end surface of the sealing sleeve 312 to form the first discharge chamber 301.

In the above embodiment, the sealing member 31 adopts the structural form of the sealing seat 311 and the sealing sleeve 312, so that the mounting and fixing of the sealing member 31 are facilitated, and the sealing effect can be effectively ensured.

Specifically, the sealing seat 311 is a plastic part, the sealing sleeve 312 is a rubber part, and the sealing sleeve 312 is assembled in the sealing seat 311 in an interference manner so as to fix the sealing seat 311. The sealing seat 311 and the sealing sleeve 312 are annular members, and the sealing sleeve 312 has an inner end surface and an outer end surface which are oppositely arranged, wherein the outer end surface is exposed outside the main shaft, and the inner end surface is positioned at one side close to the first annular blocking portion 112.

In some embodiments, at least two seal ring grooves 3120 are spaced apart on the inner peripheral side of the sealing sleeve 312, and at least two first V-shaped grooves 113 are correspondingly provided on the outer peripheral wall of the mandrel 11.

In the above embodiment, the seal ring grooves 3120 are provided in one-to-one correspondence with the first V-shaped grooves 113, and the seal effect can be further improved by providing at least two seal ring grooves 3120 and at least two first V-shaped grooves 113.

Preferably, the number of the sealing ring grooves 3120 and the number of the first V-shaped grooves 113 are two, the two sealing ring grooves 3120 are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the sealing sleeve 312, and the two first V-shaped grooves 113 are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the mandrel 11.

In some embodiments, an annular air distribution groove 3121 is disposed on the outer circumference of the sealing sleeve 312, the air distribution groove 3121 is communicated with the sealing ring groove 3120 through a first air inlet channel 3122, the first air inlet channel 3122 has a plurality of first air inlet channels 3122, and the plurality of first air inlet channels 3122 are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the air distribution groove 3121.

In the above embodiment, the annular gas distribution groove 3121 provided at the outer circumference of the sealing sleeve 312 can homogenize the sealing gas after the sealing gas enters the gas distribution groove 3121, and then the sealing gas is introduced into the sealing ring groove 3120 through the first gas inlet channel 3122, so that the sealing gas can be uniformly distributed in the sealing ring groove 3120, thereby forming a good sealing effect in the entire circumference of the main shaft.

Alternatively, the plurality of first air inlet passages 3122 are uniformly spaced along the circumferential direction of the air distribution groove 3121, the first air inlet passages 3122 are inclined holes formed in the sealing sleeve 312, and two ends of the inclined holes are respectively communicated with the air distribution groove 3121 and the sealing ring groove 3120.

Optionally, a second air intake channel 3114 is disposed in the sealing seat 311 and communicates with the first air intake channel 3122, and an air intake channel is also disposed on the housing 10 and communicates with the second air intake channel 3114 and an external air intake mechanism.

In some embodiments, the inner periphery of the sealing seat 311 is provided with a first step portion, the sealing sleeve 312 is embedded and installed in the first step portion, the first step portion is provided with a first annular wall and a second annular wall which are arranged in a set drop height, the inner diameter of the first annular wall is larger than the inner diameter of the second annular wall, a sealing gap is formed between the outer peripheral wall of the first annular blocking portion 112 and the second annular wall, and the first annular blocking portion 112 and the second annular wall, the inner side end surface of the sealing sleeve 312 and the outer peripheral wall of the mandrel 11 are enclosed to form a first discharge cavity 301.

In the above embodiment, by the first step portion provided in the seal seat 311, the first step portion not only can accommodate the seal sleeve 312, but also can position the seal sleeve 312, improving the assembly efficiency and fixing effect of the seal sleeve 312. Furthermore, the first step not only enables the installation of the sealing sleeve 312, but also cooperates with the first annular barrier 112 to form the first discharge chamber 301.

Specifically, the first step portion penetrates through the outer end face of the sealing sleeve 312, the first annular wall and the second annular wall are connected through an annular longitudinal wall, the first annular wall is located on one side close to the outer end face of the sealing sleeve 312, the second annular wall is located on one side close to the first annular blocking portion 112, the inner diameter of the second annular wall is matched with the outer diameter of the first annular blocking portion 112, the inner diameter of the second annular wall is larger than the outer diameter of the mandrel 11, and specifically, the inner diameter of the second annular wall is larger than the outer diameter of the first boss 114 on the mandrel 11.

In some embodiments, the outer peripheral wall of the sealing member 31 is provided with a discharge port communicating with the outside of the sealing device 30; a flow guiding structure is provided in the sealing member 31 to communicate the discharge port with the first discharge chamber 301 and the seal ring groove 3120, respectively.

In the above embodiment, by the discharge port provided in the outer peripheral wall of the seal member 31 and the flow guide structure provided correspondingly, the contaminated medium in the first discharge chamber 301 and the seal ring groove 3120 can be guided to the outside of the main shaft, so that not only the entry of the foreign matter into the inside of the main shaft can be blocked, but also the entry of the foreign matter into the inside of the main shaft can be dredged, and the entry thereof into the inside of the main shaft can be prevented, thereby functioning to protect the bearing in the main shaft.

Alternatively, the first drain chamber 301 and the seal ring groove 3120 may communicate with the same drain port, or the first drain chamber 301 and the seal ring groove 3120 may each communicate with one drain port. The seal ring grooves 3120 may also be arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the drain ports, or in a many-to-one arrangement.

Specifically, the discharge port is formed on the outer wall of the sealing seat 311, and the flow guiding structure includes a flow guiding channel 3123 formed in the sealing sleeve 312. In the present embodiment, one sealing ring groove 3120 corresponds to one drain port, one sealing ring groove 3120 corresponds to two diversion channels 3123, and the first drain cavity 301 communicates with one diversion channel 3123 that is closer thereto.

Preferably, in this embodiment, the sealing ring grooves 3120 have two sealing ring grooves 3120, each sealing ring groove 3120 corresponds to two diversion channels 3123, the diversion structure further comprises a current collecting groove 3113 opened in the sealing seat 311, the current collecting groove 3113 is communicated with the two diversion channels 3123, and the polluted medium entering the sealing ring groove 3120 is discharged from the discharge port after entering the current collecting groove 3113 for merging through the two diversion channels 3123 communicated therewith.

Further, the diversion channel 3123 includes a first diversion channel 31231 and a second diversion channel 31232 disposed at intervals along a first circumference of the sealing sleeve 312, and a third diversion channel 31233 and a fourth diversion channel 31234 disposed at intervals along a second circumference of the sealing sleeve 312, the collecting channel 3113 includes a first collecting channel and a second collecting channel correspondingly disposed on the sealing seat 311, and the discharging port includes a first discharging port 3111 and a second discharging port 3112, wherein one end of the first diversion channel 31231 and one end of the second diversion channel 31232 are respectively communicated with one of the two sealing ring grooves 3120, and the other end is communicated with the first collecting channel; one ends of the third and fourth flow guide channels 31233 and 31234 are respectively communicated with the other sealing ring groove 3120, the other end is communicated with the second collecting groove, the first collecting groove is communicated with the first discharge port 3111, and the second collecting groove is communicated with the second discharge port 3112.

In the rotating state of the mandrel 11, the external pollution medium can generate reverse wall climbing on the inclined edge or be thrown into the sealing ring groove 3120 on the vertical edge under the centrifugal action at the position of the first V-shaped groove 113, and then be discharged to the outside through the discharge port through the diversion channel 3123 and the collecting groove 3113 along the sealing ring groove 3120 under the gravity action. While the first discharge chamber 301 communicates with the first discharge port 3111 or the second discharge port 3112 through the fifth diversion channel 31235, preferably the fifth diversion channel 31235 is connected with the second discharge port 3112 closer thereto, so that the contaminated medium accumulated in the first discharge chamber 301 can be discharged through the fifth diversion channel 31235 and the second discharge port 3112.

In some embodiments, an annular first boss 114 is disposed on the outer peripheral wall of the mandrel 11, a front bearing 14 is disposed between the housing 10 and the mandrel 11, and a front gland 15 and a front spacer 16 are disposed between the front bearing 14 and the first boss 114; the sealing device 30 further comprises a second sealing structure arranged downstream of the first sealing structure, the second sealing structure comprises a second discharge cavity 302, the first boss 114 is concavely arranged near one side end portion of the front gland 15 and the front spacer 16, and the concave portion of the first boss 114 forms a second discharge cavity 302 with the front gland 15 and the front spacer 16.

In the above embodiment, the third sealing gap 3003 is formed between the outer peripheral wall of the first annular blocking portion 112 and the inner peripheral wall of the sealing seat 311, when the contaminated medium enters the second discharge chamber 302 from the first discharge chamber 301 through the third sealing gap 3003, the contaminated medium pressed through the third sealing gap 3003 is suddenly released at the moment of entering the second discharge chamber 302, and the contaminated medium is not sufficiently supported to further enter the inside of the spindle due to the pressure reduction thereof, so that the external contaminated medium can be effectively blocked from entering the inside of the spindle.

In some embodiments, the front gland 15 is fixed on the housing 10, the front spacer 16 is sleeved on the mandrel 11, the second sealing structure further comprises a second annular blocking part 161 and a third discharge cavity 303, and the second annular blocking part 161 is arranged on the periphery of the front spacer 16 and is positioned at one end of the front spacer 16 close to the second discharge cavity 302; the inner periphery of the front gland 15 is provided with a second step portion, the second step portion is located near one end of the second discharge cavity 302, and a third discharge cavity 303 is formed by encircling between the second annular blocking portion 161 and the outer peripheral wall of the second step portion and the front spacer 16.

In the above embodiment, by providing the second annular blocking portion 161 having an outer diameter larger than an inner diameter of the second discharge chamber 302, it is possible to perform a certain blocking function, preventing the contaminated medium from further entering the inside of the main shaft, the second annular blocking portion 161 and the inner circumference of the front gland 15 form the fourth sealing gap 3004, and when the contaminated medium enters the third discharge chamber 303 from the fourth sealing gap 3004, the contaminated medium pressed through the fourth sealing gap 3004 is suddenly released at the moment of entering the third discharge chamber 303, and the pressure of the contaminated medium is insufficient to support the contaminated medium from further entering the inside of the main shaft, thereby further blocking the contaminated medium from entering the inside of the main shaft.

Specifically, in this embodiment, the first discharge chamber 301, the second discharge chamber 302, and the third discharge chamber 303 are all annular, the outer diameter of the second annular blocking portion 161 is larger than the inner diameter of the second discharge chamber 302 and is larger than the outer diameter of the second discharge chamber 302, the second annular blocking portion 161 is a boss structure integrally formed on the front spacer 16, the second annular blocking portion 161 is located at one end of the front spacer 16 near the first boss 114, the second annular blocking portion 161 and the outer peripheral portion of the front spacer 16 near one side end face of the first boss 114 are concavely arranged, the concave portion is flush with the end face of the front gland 15, and the concave portion of the front spacer 16, the end face of the front gland 15 and the concave portion of the first boss 114 enclose together to form the second discharge chamber 302, so as to further increase the volume of the second discharge chamber 302.

In some embodiments, the second stepped portion has third and fourth annular walls disposed at a set drop, and a first connecting end wall connected between the third and fourth annular walls; the inner diameter of the third annular wall is larger than that of the fourth annular wall, a sealing gap is formed between the second annular blocking portion 161 and the third annular wall, the first connecting end wall, one side end surface of the second annular blocking portion 161 far away from the second discharge cavity 302 and the outer peripheral wall of the front spacer 16 are combined to form a third discharge cavity 303.

In the above embodiment, the second step portion is designed by adopting the third annular wall, the fourth annular wall and the first connecting end wall, so that, on the one hand, positioning between the front spacer 16 and the front gland 15 can be achieved, and, on the other hand, the third discharge chamber 303 can be formed conveniently.

In some embodiments, the end surface of the front gland 15, which is close to the first boss 114, is provided with a first annular insertion groove, and a first annular insertion convex part 151 is formed between the first annular insertion groove and the inner peripheral wall of the front gland; a second annular inserting groove 162 is formed on the end surface of one side, far away from the first boss 114, of the front spacer 16, and a second annular inserting convex part 163 is formed between the second annular inserting groove 162 and the peripheral wall of the front spacer 16; the second annular insertion projection 163 is adapted to be inserted into the first annular insertion groove, and the first annular insertion projection 151 is adapted to be inserted into the second annular insertion groove 162.

In the above embodiment, by the insertion fit of the second annular insertion convex portion 163 with the first annular insertion groove and the first annular insertion convex portion 151 with the second annular insertion groove 162, a detour blocking effect similar to an S-shape is formed, so that not only blocking of the contaminated medium in the axial direction of the main shaft can be realized, but also the contaminated medium can be further blocked from entering the inside of the main shaft in the radial direction, so that the sealing effect of the whole main shaft is better.

In some embodiments, the second sealing structure further includes a fourth discharge cavity 304 and a fifth discharge cavity 305, where a set space is reserved between the end of the second annular insertion protrusion 163 and the end wall of the first annular insertion groove to form the fourth discharge cavity 304; a set interval space is reserved between the end of the first annular insertion protrusion 151 and the end wall of the second annular insertion groove 162 to form a fifth discharge chamber 305.

In the above embodiment, the outer peripheral wall of the second annular insertion projection 163 and the inner periphery of the first annular insertion groove form the fifth sealing gap 3005, the sixth sealing gap 3006 is formed between the inner peripheral wall of the second annular insertion projection 163 and the outer peripheral wall of the first annular insertion projection 151, the seventh sealing gap 3007 is formed between the inner peripheral wall of the first annular insertion projection 151 and the second annular insertion groove 162, the fourth discharge chamber 304 is formed between the end of the second annular insertion projection 163 and the first annular insertion groove, and the fifth discharge chamber 305 is formed between the first annular insertion projection 151 and the second annular insertion groove 162, so that when the contaminated medium enters the fourth discharge chamber 304 from the fifth sealing gap 3005, the contaminated medium is suddenly released by the fifth sealing gap 3005, the pressure of the contaminated medium is reduced and does not advance further, and if the contaminated medium enters the fifth discharge chamber 305, the pressure is further reduced, thereby achieving an effective sealing effect.

In some embodiments, the front spacer 16 includes a spacer body 160, the second annular mating protrusion 163 is located on an outer peripheral side of the spacer body 160, and a set spacing is provided between the second annular mating protrusion 163 and the spacer body 160 to form the second annular mating recess 162; the second sealing structure further comprises an annular second V-shaped groove 1631 and an annular third V-shaped groove 1601, wherein the annular second V-shaped groove 1631 is arranged on the outer peripheral wall of the second annular inserting convex part 163; an annular third V-groove 1601 is provided on the outer peripheral wall of the cup body 160, and the second V-groove 1631 and the third V-groove 1601 have a sloping side and a straight side, respectively, with the sloping side facing the outside of the spindle.

In the above embodiment, through the second V-shaped groove 1631 and the third V-shaped groove 1601 that are provided, and the design that the bevel edge faces the outside of the main shaft is adopted by the second V-shaped groove 1631 and the third V-shaped groove, a certain guiding effect can be achieved, and when the main shaft rotates at a high speed, the contaminated medium can be guided to climb and move towards the direction of the outside of the main shaft, so that the contaminated medium is prevented from flowing towards the inside of the main shaft, and the sealing effect is further improved.

Preferably, two third V-shaped grooves 1601 are axially spaced on the spacer body 160, and two second V-shaped grooves 1631 are axially spaced on the second annular insertion protrusion 163.

Optionally, in this embodiment, the first discharge chamber 301, the second discharge chamber 302, the third discharge chamber 303, the fourth discharge chamber 304, and the fifth discharge chamber 305 are all communicated with the discharge port through the fifth diversion channel 31235, so as to further simplify the internal flow path, one end of the fifth diversion channel 31235 is communicated with the third sealing gap 3003, the other end is communicated with the second discharge port, and the polluted mediums in the first discharge chamber 301, the second discharge chamber 302, the third discharge chamber 303, and the fourth discharge chamber 304 can flow to the fifth diversion channel 31235 along the sealing gap and be discharged through the second discharge port.

In this embodiment, the dimensions of the first to seventh sealing gaps 3001 to 3007 are all 0.2mm to 0.3mm, and the sealing gaps are designed in the above-mentioned size range, so that they can not lock with the mandrel 11, but also have good sealing effect, and can discharge the contaminated medium.

In this embodiment, the second seal structure includes a third seal gap 3003 formed by the mandrel 11, the front spacer 16, and the front gland 15, and a second discharge chamber 302, a fourth seal gap 3004, a third discharge chamber 303, a second V-groove 1631, a fifth seal gap 3005, a fourth discharge chamber 304, a sixth seal gap 3006, a fifth discharge chamber 305, a seventh seal gap 3007, and a third V-groove 1601. The second sealing structure is formed by alternately combining a sealing gap and a discharge cavity, and the structure can effectively prevent external media from entering the main shaft; four V-shaped grooves are formed in the front spacer bush 16, oblique edges face the outside of the main shaft, reverse wall climbing functions are achieved under the action of centrifugal force during rotation, and pollution mediums are prevented from entering the inside of the main shaft. All the discharge cavities are communicated with the discharge port and can be used for discharging external polluted media.

The sealing device 30 of the lathe spindle provided by the invention has the following advantages:

1. The sealing device 30 provided by the invention adopts a double-layer sealing structure, and the design of alternately combining the sealing gap and the discharge cavity ensures the sealing effect;

2. the sealing device 30 provided by the invention adopts a mode of combining gas sealing and structural sealing, and is more reliable compared with the traditional single gas sealing or single structural sealing;

3. the sealing device 30 provided by the invention is designed in two aspects of blocking and dredging external pollution mediums structurally, and is more suitable for a lathe spindle used horizontally.

In this embodiment, the housing 10 includes a front bearing seat, the front bearing seat and the housing 10 are integrally formed, and a front bearing 14 is disposed between the front bearing seat and the spindle 11. The main shaft comprises a rotating structure and a static structure, wherein the rotating structure comprises a mandrel 11, a front spacer bush 16 and a front bearing 14, and the static components comprise a shell 10, a sealing sleeve 312, a sealing seat 311 and a front gland 15; the sealing sleeve 312 is in interference fit in a reserved cavity of the sealing seat 311; the sealing seat 311 is fixed on the front gland 15 through a screw, and the front gland 15 is fixed on the shell 10 through a screw; the front spacer 16 and the front bearing 14 are fixed on the spindle 11 and rotatable with the spindle 11. The sealing device 30 is divided into two layers, the first layer is composed of a gas seal and a structural seal, and the second layer is a structural seal. The gas seal is to introduce positive pressure gas into the gap between the rotating structure and the static structure so as to prevent external impurities from entering the main shaft through the gap between the static structure and the rotating structure of the main shaft. The structural seal is designed by the diameter of the part, the annular structure, the V-shaped groove structure, the sealing gap, the blocking part, the discharge cavity, the discharge port and other structures, and prevents and dredges impurities entering the main shaft so as to achieve the effect of protecting the bearing in the main shaft.

The lathe spindle provided by the invention has the advantages that the design of the double-layer sealing structure is adopted at the front end of the spindle, and the lathe spindle specifically comprises various schemes of preliminary protection, pressure relief and drainage after a pollution medium enters a first seal, pressure relief and drainage of a second seal and the like, so that the sealing effect can be effectively achieved, the bearing in the spindle is effectively protected from being polluted by cutting fluid or atomized gas, and the service life of the spindle is prolonged.

Preferably, the lathe spindle in this embodiment is a horizontal lathe spindle.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been described in connection with the accompanying drawings, various modifications and variations may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and such modifications and variations fall within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A lathe spindle, comprising:

A housing (10);

a mandrel (11) rotatably arranged in the housing (10);

The bearing seat assembly (20) is arranged at the rear end of the mandrel (11), the bearing seat assembly (20) comprises a rear bearing (21), a first locking nut (22) and a bearing seat (23), the first locking nut (22) is in threaded connection with the mandrel (11), the rear bearing (21) is limited in the axial direction of the mandrel (11), and the bearing seat (23) is fixed on the shell (10);

The encoder module (25) comprises an encoder rotor (251) and an encoder stator (252), wherein the encoder rotor (251) is detachably arranged and fixed on the first locking nut (22), the encoder stator (252) is directly or indirectly fixed on the bearing seat (23), and a signal transmission gap is reserved between the encoder rotor (251) and the encoder stator (252);

The locking device (40) is arranged at the rear end of the mandrel (11), and the locking device (40) is positioned outside the bearing seat assembly (20) and the encoder module (25);

The locking device (40) comprises:

a rotating part (41) fixed on the mandrel (11), the rotating part (41) comprising a movable locking piece (411);

A stationary part (42) mounted on the housing (10), the stationary part (42) including a brake member (421), a stationary locking piece (422) and a piston (423);

The braking part (421) is fixedly arranged on the shell (10), the movable locking piece (411) is arranged between the static locking piece (422) and the braking part (421), the outer peripheral part of the static locking piece (422) is fixed on the braking part (421), the piston (423) is suitable for driving the middle part of the static locking piece (422) to move towards the direction close to the movable locking piece (411) so as to generate damping action on the movable locking piece (411), or the movable locking piece (411) is clamped and fixed between the static locking piece (422) and the braking part (421) to realize braking.

2. The lathe spindle according to claim 1, characterized in that the encoder rotor (251) comprises an encoder (2512), the encoder (2512) being fastened to the peripheral wall of the first lock nut (22) by means of screws;

The encoder stator (252) comprises a reading head (2521) and a reading head cushion block (2522) fixedly connected with the reading head (2521); the reading head (2521) is positioned on the outer peripheral side of the encoder (2512), and a signal transmission gap is reserved between the reading head and the encoder (2512);

The first locking nut (22) is used for locking and fixing the inner ring of the rear bearing (21) on the mandrel (11); the reading head cushion block (2522) is arranged between the bearing seat (23) and the reading head (2521), the reading head cushion block (2522) is fixed on the bearing seat (23) through screws, and a signal transmission gap is reserved between the reading head (2521) and the encoder (2512); or alternatively

The bearing seat assembly (20) further comprises a rear gland (24), the rear gland (24) is used for locking and fixing the outer ring of the rear bearing (21) on the bearing seat (23), and the first locking nut (22) is used for locking and fixing the inner ring of the rear bearing (21) on the mandrel (11); the reading head cushion block (2522) is arranged between the rear gland (24) and the reading head (2521), and the reading head cushion block (2522) is fixed on the rear gland (24) through screws.

3. Lathe spindle according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the locking device (40) has a released state, a damped state and a braked state;

When the locking device (40) is in a release state, a first gap (401) is formed between the movable locking piece (411) and the braking component (421), a second gap (402) is formed between the static locking piece (422) and the movable locking piece (411), and a third gap (403) is formed between the static locking piece (422) and the end face of the piston (423);

when the locking device (40) is in a damping state, the static locking piece (422) is in contact with the movable locking piece (411), and the movable locking piece (411) is not in contact with the braking component (421);

when the locking device (40) is in a braking state, the movable locking piece (411) is clamped and fixed between the static locking piece (422) and the braking component (421);

The static locking piece (422) and the movable locking piece (411) are made of elastic materials, and the first gap (401) is in the elastic deformation range of the movable locking piece (411); the sum of the first gap (401) and the second gap (402) is within the elastic deformation range of the static locking piece (422), and the effective stroke of the piston (423) is larger than the sum of the first gap (401), the second gap (402) and the third gap (403).

4. Lathe spindle according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that one end of the piston (423) close to the static locking piece (422) is provided with an annular abutment boss (4231), the dynamic locking piece (411) and the static locking piece (422) are annular, the outer diameter of the abutment boss (4231) is smaller than or equal to the outer diameter of the dynamic locking piece (411), and the inner diameter of the abutment boss (4231) is larger than the inner diameter of the static locking piece (422).

5. Lathe spindle according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the stationary part (42) further comprises:

a locking housing (424) screwed to the braking member (421);

the locking inner shell (425) is connected in the locking outer shell (424) through screws, an installation space is formed by enclosing the locking outer shell (424) and the locking inner shell (425), and the piston (423) is movably installed in the installation space;

A limiting step (4251) is arranged in the locking inner shell (425), and the limiting step (4251) is used for limiting the piston (423) to retract to a limiting position, so that a pressure cavity (420) is formed between the end face of one side of the piston (423) far away from the static locking piece (422) and the inner wall of the installation space;

the locking shell (424) is provided with a pressurizing channel (4240) which is communicated with an external pressurizing mechanism and the pressure cavity (420).

6. Lathe spindle according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the rotating part (41) further comprises:

the mounting shaft sleeve (412), the mounting shaft sleeve (412) is sleeved on the mandrel (11) and is connected with the mandrel (11) through a key so that the mounting shaft sleeve can synchronously rotate along with the mandrel (11);

And the adjusting cushion block (413) is arranged between the movable locking piece (411) and the end part of the mounting shaft sleeve (412) and is used for adjusting the gap between the movable locking piece (411) and the braking component (421).

7. The lathe spindle according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it further comprises:

the motor rotor (12) is detachably arranged and fixed on the mandrel (11), and the mandrel (11) is arranged in a reducing manner along the dismounting direction of the motor rotor (12);

The inner peripheral part of the motor rotor (12) and the outer peripheral part of the mandrel (11) are surrounded to form a disassembly cavity (120), the disassembly cavity (120) is communicated with an external pressurizing mechanism and is suitable for increasing the pressure in the disassembly cavity (120) through the pressurizing mechanism, so that a disassembly gap is formed between the motor rotor (12) and the mandrel (11).

8. Lathe spindle according to claim 7, characterised in that the inner peripheral wall of the motor rotor (12) is provided with an annular groove, which is peripherally engaged with the outer peripheral wall of the spindle (11) to form the dismounting chamber (120);

A medium channel (121) is arranged on the motor rotor (12), the inlet end of the medium channel (121) is communicated with the pressurizing mechanism, and the outlet end of the medium channel is communicated with the disassembly cavity (120);

Along the disassembly direction of the motor rotor (12), the mandrel (11) comprises a large-pipe-diameter section and a small-pipe-diameter section which are sequentially arranged; the inlet end of the medium channel (121) is positioned at one end of the motor rotor (12) close to the small-pipe-diameter section.

9. The lathe spindle of claim 7, further comprising:

A motor stator (13) fixed in the housing (10), wherein a stator positioning table (101) suitable for being matched with the motor stator (13) in a positioning way is arranged in the housing (10);

The outer peripheral wall of the mandrel (11) is provided with a rotor positioning table (111) which is suitable for being matched with the motor rotor (12) in a positioning way, and the relative positions of the motor stator (13) and the motor rotor (12) are limited through the stator positioning table (101) and the rotor positioning table (111).

10. Lathe spindle according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it further comprises a sealing device (30), said sealing device (30) comprising a first sealing structure comprising:

The sealing component (31) is sleeved outside the mandrel (11), a set sealing gap is reserved between the sealing component and the mandrel (11), the sealing component (31) is fixed at the front end of the shell (10), a sealing ring groove (3120) is arranged on the inner circumference side of the sealing component (31), the sealing ring groove (3120) is suitable for being communicated with an external air inlet mechanism to be filled with sealing gas, an annular first V-shaped groove (113) is arranged on the outer circumference wall of the mandrel (11), and the first V-shaped groove (113) corresponds to the sealing ring groove (3120);

The first annular blocking part (112) is arranged on the periphery of the mandrel (11) and is positioned at the downstream of the first V-shaped groove (113) along the direction that the polluted medium flows in from the gap between the sealing component (31) and the mandrel (11), a first discharge cavity (301) is formed between the first annular blocking part (112) and the sealing component (31), and the first discharge cavity (301) is communicated with the outside of the sealing device (30) and is used for discharging the polluted medium.