CN118065897A - Multistage fracturing device capable of directionally fracturing rock mass - Google Patents
Multistage fracturing device capable of directionally fracturing rock mass Download PDFInfo
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- CN118065897A CN118065897A CN202410464966.4A CN202410464966A CN118065897A CN 118065897 A CN118065897 A CN 118065897A CN 202410464966 A CN202410464966 A CN 202410464966A CN 118065897 A CN118065897 A CN 118065897A
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 122
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 98
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C37/00—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading
- E21C37/06—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading by making use of hydraulic or pneumatic pressure in a borehole
- E21C37/12—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading by making use of hydraulic or pneumatic pressure in a borehole by injecting into the borehole a liquid, either initially at high pressure or subsequently subjected to high pressure, e.g. by pulses, by explosive cartridges acting on the liquid
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
- E21B43/2605—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures using gas or liquefied gas
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
- E21B43/263—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures using explosives
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C37/00—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading
- E21C37/06—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading by making use of hydraulic or pneumatic pressure in a borehole
- E21C37/14—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading by making use of hydraulic or pneumatic pressure in a borehole by compressed air; by gas blast; by gasifying liquids
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/006—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries by making use of blasting methods
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-stage fracturing device capable of directionally fracturing a rock mass, which belongs to the technical field of rock mass fracturing, and comprises the following components: the drilling main body is provided with a plurality of sections of drill rods at the rotary output end through a left rotary controller and a right rotary controller, the drill rods are mutually assembled and spliced to form a drill rod main body, a steering drill bit is arranged at the end part of the drill rod main body, a conveying pipe is connected outside the drilling main body, the conveying pipe is communicated with one end of the drill rod main body, and an annular liquid channel and a central flow channel are arranged in the drill rod main body; according to the hydraulic fracturing mechanism, jet coal breaking can be carried out on the rock mass, then primary fracturing is formed by rapidly injecting hydraulic power into the rock mass, a high-pressure jet flow area and a low-pressure jet flow area are formed in a fracturing range, and mixed liquid containing metal sodium particle kerosene liquid and liquid nitrogen is rapidly injected into the high-pressure jet flow area, so that the rock mass is rapidly cooled, and water-absorbent resin in the high-pressure water is rapidly frozen and expanded, so that the fracturing effect is remarkable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of rock mass fracturing, and particularly relates to a multi-stage fracturing device capable of directionally fracturing a rock mass.
Background
In the engineering field, the rock mass fracturing technology is widely applied to numerous aspects such as mining, tunnel excavation, geological disaster management, oil and natural gas exploitation and the like to realize the breaking and treatment of rock, wherein the hydraulic fracturing technology is widely applied as an effective fracturing method, but because a large amount of fracturing fluid is required in the fracturing process, once the leaked fracturing fluid flows into a working surface, the underground production activity is also affected to a certain extent. In the prior art, the multi-stage fracturing is adopted, the mixture of air and methane is combusted and exploded, and a produced high-pressure effect is utilized to fracture the reservoir; according to the invention patent with the patent number of CN202110022546.7, the air pressure fracturing, supercritical CO2 substitution and methane multistage blasting multiple fracturing modes are combined, but the blasting involves a fire source and combustible gas, the safety control requirement is extremely high, once the operation is incorrect or equipment failure can cause explosion accidents, the method is not applicable to a gas concentration area, and because the development of the underground fissure of a general rock mass is weaker, the air pressure fracturing is directly adopted to cause the difficulty in full permeation of gas, the energy release in short-term fracturing is relatively mild, the formation of the fracturing fissure is slow, the extension length is short, and the exploitation efficiency is influenced; therefore, there is a need to provide a multi-stage fracturing device capable of directionally fracturing a rock mass to solve the problems set forth in the background art.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a multi-stage fracturing device for directionally fracturing a rock mass, comprising: the drilling main body is provided with a plurality of sections of drill rods at the rotary output end through a left rotary controller and a right rotary controller, the drill rods are mutually assembled and spliced to form a drill rod main body, a steering drill bit is arranged at the end part of the drill rod main body, a conveying pipe is connected outside the drilling main body, the conveying pipe is communicated with one end of the drill rod main body, and an annular liquid channel and a central flow channel are arranged in the drill rod main body;
The hydraulic fracturing mechanism is arranged at one end, close to the steering drill bit, of the drill rod main body, a carbon dioxide injection mechanism is arranged at one side, far away from the rock body, of the hydraulic fracturing mechanism, and the hydraulic fracturing mechanism is matched with the carbon dioxide injection mechanism to form multistage fracturing on the rock body;
the drilling main body is provided with a water storage tank outside, the water storage tank is communicated with the conveying pipe through an external water pump, and the conveying pipe is connected with the hydraulic fracturing mechanism in a sealing way through a central flow passage in the drill pipe main body;
the drilling main body is provided with a carbon dioxide high-pressure liquid tank outside, a flow pipe is connected outside the carbon dioxide high-pressure liquid tank, one end of the flow pipe is communicated with the conveying pipe through a liquid pump, a control valve is arranged on the flow pipe, and the control valve is in sealing connection with the carbon dioxide injection mechanism through an annular liquid channel.
Further, as an optimization, a liquid nitrogen tank is further arranged outside the drilling main body, the liquid nitrogen tank is communicated with the conveying pipe through a one-way pipe, and is communicated with the hydraulic fracturing mechanism through an annular liquid channel, a tee joint is arranged on the one-way pipe, a valve port at one end of the tee joint is connected with a material mixing pipe for conveying kerosene liquid mixed with metal sodium particles, the kerosene liquid mixed with liquid nitrogen enters the hydraulic fracturing mechanism synchronously;
when the rock body is fractured, the hydraulic fracturing mechanism adopts high-pressure hydraulic power to circumferentially and multi-angle rock breaking the rock body, and simultaneously, mixed abrasive materials of liquid nitrogen and metal sodium are rapidly injected into a region after rock breaking through an annular liquid channel in the drilling main body, wherein water-absorbing resin particles are mixed in the high-pressure water.
Further, preferably, the hydraulic fracturing mechanism includes: the sealing tube seat is internally fixed with a hydraulic tube, one side of the hydraulic tube is connected with an inner conduit through a sealing interception sleeve, one side of the jet tube far away from the sealing tube seat is fixed with a flow blocking sleeve, the center of the flow blocking sleeve is provided with a guide cavity tube, one end of the guide cavity tube is communicated with the inner conduit, a side outlet is formed in the guide cavity tube, an annular backflow bin is arranged in the flow blocking sleeve, and the annular backflow bin is communicated with the first flow blocking tube.
Further, preferably, the middle circumference of the first intercepting pipe is uniformly provided with a plurality of high-pressure jet holes, a ring sleeve is hermetically assembled at the high-pressure jet holes in the first intercepting pipe, a flow port is arranged on the ring sleeve, the sealing intercepting sleeve is fixed with the ring sleeve and is integrally communicated with the ring sleeve through the flow port, a guide port is arranged at the end part of the sealing intercepting sleeve on the hydraulic pipe, a flow control hole corresponding to the guide port is arranged on the sealing intercepting sleeve, the flow control hole is staggered or communicated with the guide port under the rotation action along with the sealing intercepting sleeve, and a bypass port is arranged on the circumferential side wall of the hydraulic pipe and is correspondingly arranged with the flow port.
Further, as an optimization, one end of the first truncated tube is fixedly provided with a collar which is rotatably connected in a sealing tube seat, a guide cavity is arranged in the sealing tube seat, a driving shaft is rotatably arranged in the guide cavity and is fixedly connected with the collar, an arc-shaped hydraulic bin is arranged in the guide cavity, a piston rod is slidably arranged in the arc-shaped hydraulic bin, one end of the piston rod is connected with the driving shaft, and a hydraulic tube is connected outside the sealing tube seat;
The driving shaft can enable the high-pressure jet hole and the low-pressure jet hole on the first truncated pipe to be staggered or butted with the through hole in steering adjustment, when the guide opening of the end part of the hydraulic pipe is communicated with the flow control hole, the bypass opening is staggered with the flow opening, the low-pressure jet hole breaks the rock in a jet way at the moment, and when the guide opening of the end part of the hydraulic pipe is staggered with the flow control hole, the bypass opening is communicated with the flow opening, and the high-pressure jet hole breaks the rock in a jet way at the moment.
Further, preferably, one end of the sealing tube seat is coaxially connected with an outflow tube, a plurality of liquid holes which are uniformly distributed are formed in the outflow tube, the outflow tube is communicated with an annular liquid channel in the drill rod main body, so that liquid nitrogen enters the outflow tube through the annular liquid channel and is uniformly sprayed out through each liquid hole in the outflow tube, and a second interception tube is rotatably arranged in the outflow tube.
Further, as an optimization, the hydraulic fracturing mechanism preferentially adopts the low-pressure jet holes to carry out circumferential full-range hydraulic fracturing, then adopts the multi-range angle jet flow of the high-pressure jet holes in the circumferential direction, so that the subsequent liquid nitrogen and kerosene mixed liquid containing metal sodium particles can be distributed and diffused through a high-pressure jet flow area, the liquid nitrogen can quickly cool the rock body and reach a freezing point, the water absorbent resin in the high-pressure water can be quickly frozen and expanded, and when the liquid nitrogen is gasified, the high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide is injected by the carbon dioxide injection mechanism through the low-pressure jet flow area, so that the liquid carbon dioxide injection area and the high-pressure jet flow area are distributed.
Further preferably, the extension length of each high-pressure jet region at the drilling axial direction ranges from 1.2m to 2.5m, and the high-pressure jet regions at adjacent axial directions are distributed in a staggered manner.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
According to the hydraulic fracturing mechanism, jet coal breaking can be carried out on a rock mass, then hydraulic power is rapidly injected into the rock mass to form primary fracturing, a high-pressure jet region and a low-pressure jet region are formed in a fracturing range, mixed liquid containing metal sodium particle kerosene liquid and liquid nitrogen is rapidly injected into the high-pressure jet region, the rock mass is rapidly cooled, water absorbent resin in high-pressure water is rapidly frozen and expanded, after the liquid nitrogen is gradually gasified, the temperature of the rock mass is risen, at the moment, high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide is preferentially injected into a liquid carbon dioxide injection region formed by distributing the high-pressure jet region, the high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide enters the liquid carbon dioxide injection region through the low-pressure jet region to form secondary fracturing, and with the temperature rise of the rock mass, the water absorbent resin is defrosted, chemical reaction is carried out between the high-pressure water and metal sodium to generate a large amount of heat, thermal expansion impact is achieved on the rock mass, the high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide is rapidly evaporated into a gaseous state at the same time, and the final three-stage pressure fracturing is achieved, the expansion of the liquid carbon dioxide is 500 times higher than the original volume, and the fracturing effect is remarkable.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a hydraulic fracturing mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a hydraulic fracturing mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the loop of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the driving shaft in the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the injection distribution of liquid carbon dioxide and liquid mixture of kerosene liquid and liquid nitrogen containing sodium particles according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of a liquid mixture of kerosene liquid and liquid nitrogen containing sodium particles and liquid carbon dioxide injection space according to the present invention;
In the figure: 1. a drilling body; 11. a drill rod; 12. a delivery tube; 13. a water storage tank; 14. a carbon dioxide high-pressure liquid tank; 15. a liquid pump; 16. a control valve; 2. a carbon dioxide injection mechanism; 3. a hydraulic fracturing mechanism; 31. sealing the tube seat; 32. jet pipe; 33. a first truncated tube; 34. a hydraulic pipe; 35. sealing and cutting the sleeve; 36. a choke sleeve; 37. an inner catheter; 38. a side discharge port; 4. a liquid nitrogen tank; 41. a material mixing pipe; 5. a ring sleeve; 51. a bypass port; 52. a flow control orifice; 53. a flow port; 54. high pressure jet holes; 55. a low pressure jet aperture; 6. a collar; 61. a drive shaft; 62. an arc hydraulic bin; 63. a piston rod; 64. a hydraulic pipe; 7. an outer flow tube; 71. and a second intercepting pipe.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1-7, in an embodiment of the present invention, a multi-stage fracturing device for directionally fracturing a rock mass includes: the drilling main body 1, the rotary output end of which is provided with a plurality of sections of drill rods 11 through a left rotary controller and a right rotary controller, the plurality of sections of drill rods 11 are mutually assembled and spliced to form a drill rod main body, the end part of the drill rod main body is provided with a steering drill bit, the outside of the drilling main body 1 is connected with a conveying pipe 12, the conveying pipe 12 is communicated with one end of the drill rod main body, an annular liquid channel and a central flow channel are arranged in the drill rod main body, namely, the drill rod main body is divided into two conveying channels, so that corresponding fracturing liquid conveying is facilitated;
a hydraulic fracturing mechanism 3 is arranged at one end, close to the steering drill bit, of the drill rod main body, a carbon dioxide injection mechanism 2 is arranged at one side, far away from the rock body, of the hydraulic fracturing mechanism 3, and the hydraulic fracturing mechanism 3 is matched with the carbon dioxide injection mechanism 2 to form multistage fracturing on the rock body;
the water storage tank 13 is arranged outside the drilling main body 1, the water storage tank 13 is communicated with the conveying pipe 12 through an external water pump, and the conveying pipe 12 is in sealing connection with the hydraulic fracturing mechanism 3 through a central flow passage in the drill rod main body; so that the hydraulic fracturing mechanism 3 can initially jet coal to the rock mass and achieve the fracturing effect;
The drilling main body 1 is provided with a carbon dioxide high-pressure liquid tank 14, the carbon dioxide high-pressure liquid tank 14 is externally connected with a flow pipe, one end of the flow pipe is communicated with the conveying pipe 12 through a liquid pump 15, a control valve 16 is arranged on the flow pipe, and the flow pipe is in sealing connection with the carbon dioxide injection mechanism 2 through an annular liquid channel, so that high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide is conveniently injected through the annular liquid channel.
In this embodiment, a liquid nitrogen tank 4 is further disposed outside the drilling main body 1, the liquid nitrogen tank 4 is connected with the conveying pipe 12 through a unidirectional pipe, and is connected with the hydraulic fracturing mechanism 3 through an annular liquid channel, a tee joint is disposed on the unidirectional pipe, a material mixing pipe 41 is connected to a valve port at one end of the tee joint, and is used for conveying kerosene liquid mixed with metal sodium particles, the kerosene liquid mixed with liquid nitrogen synchronously enters the hydraulic fracturing mechanism 3; it should be noted that, when hydraulic fracturing is performed, a valve path between the annular liquid channel and the carbon dioxide injection mechanism 2 is closed, mixed liquid containing metal sodium particle kerosene and liquid nitrogen can enter the hydraulic fracturing mechanism through the annular liquid channel, and when hydraulic fracturing is finished, the valve path between the annular liquid channel and the hydraulic fracturing mechanism 3 is closed, and high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide enters the carbon dioxide injection mechanism 2 through the annular liquid channel;
When the rock body is cracked, the hydraulic fracturing mechanism 3 adopts high-pressure hydraulic power to perform circumferential multi-angle rock breaking on the rock body, meanwhile, mixed abrasive materials of liquid nitrogen and metal sodium are rapidly injected into a region after rock breaking through an annular liquid channel in the drilling main body 1, water-absorbent resin particles are mixed in high-pressure water, namely, the hydraulic fracturing mechanism 3 is adopted to perform jet rock breaking on the rock body and achieve preliminary cracking, then mixed liquid of kerosene containing metal sodium particles and liquid nitrogen is injected into a cracking region, so that the temperature in the rock body is rapidly reduced, the water-absorbent resin in the high-pressure water is rapidly frozen and expanded, after the liquid nitrogen is gradually gasified, the temperature of the rock body is raised, high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide is injected through the carbon dioxide injection mechanism at the moment, a large amount of heat is generated when the high-pressure water is melted and chemically reacted with the metal sodium particles, and the high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide is synchronously expanded after being gasified due to the temperature rise change of the rock body, and is combined with the water-absorbent resin particles, and the final pressure cracking is achieved, compared with a multi-stage cracking combination mode of supercritical CO2 and methane, and potential safety hazards are avoided.
As a preferred embodiment, the hydraulic fracturing mechanism 3 includes: the sealing tube seat 31, its one end is fixed with the jet tube 32 coaxially, the coaxial rotation is provided with the first 33 of cut-off tube in the jet tube 32, evenly offered a plurality of through-holes on the circumference on the jet tube 32, and the both ends circumference of first 33 of cut-off tube is evenly offered a plurality of low pressure jet holes 55, be fixed with the hydraulic pipe 34 in the sealing tube seat 31, one side of hydraulic pipe 34 is connected with interior pipe 37 through sealing cut-off sleeve 35, be fixed with the choke sleeve 36 on the side of keeping away from sealing tube seat 31 on the jet tube 32, the choke sleeve 36 center is provided with the delivery chamber pipe, the one end of delivery chamber pipe is linked together with interior pipe 37, offer side discharge port 38 on the delivery chamber, be equipped with annular backflow storehouse in the choke sleeve 36, annular backflow storehouse links together with first 33 of cut-off tube, that is to say, high pressure water passes through hydraulic pipe 34 and gets into interior pipe 37, then flows to the annular backflow storehouse of choke sleeve 36 through side discharge port 38, finally reverse backward to flow in first flow tube 33, by the low pressure jet hole 55 on first 33 of cut-off tube, reach the low pressure and spout.
In this embodiment, the middle circumference of the first cut-off pipe 33 is uniformly provided with a plurality of high-pressure jet holes 54, a ring sleeve 5 is sealed and assembled at the position of the first cut-off pipe 33 located at the high-pressure jet holes 54, a flow port 53 is provided on the ring sleeve 5, the sealing cut-off sleeve 35 is fixed with the ring sleeve 5 and integrally communicated with the ring sleeve 5 through the flow port 53, a guide port is provided at the end of the hydraulic pipe 34 located at the sealing cut-off sleeve 35, the sealing cut-off sleeve 35 is provided with a flow control hole 52 corresponding to the guide port, the flow control hole 52 is staggered or communicated with the guide port under the rotation action of the sealing cut-off sleeve 35, a bypass port 51 is provided on the circumferential side wall of the hydraulic pipe 34, the bypass port 51 is correspondingly provided with the flow port 53, that is, high-pressure water can directly enter the outer ring of the ring sleeve 5 through the bypass port 51, and jet flow is ejected through the high-pressure jet holes 54 on the first cut-off pipe 33 at this time, so as to break rock by high-pressure jet.
In this embodiment, a collar 6 is fixed at one end of the first truncated cone 33, the collar 6 is rotatably connected in the seal tube seat 31, a guide cavity is provided in the seal tube seat 31, a driving shaft 61 is rotatably provided in the guide cavity, the driving shaft 61 is fixed with the collar 6, an arc-shaped hydraulic chamber 62 is provided in the guide cavity, a piston rod 63 is slidably provided in the arc-shaped hydraulic chamber 62, one end of the piston rod 63 is connected with the driving shaft 61, and a hydraulic tube 64 is connected outside the seal tube seat 31; the deflection driving of the driving shaft 61 is realized by injecting pressure liquid through the hydraulic pipe, and at the moment, the first intercepting pipe 33 can deflect synchronously, so that the high-pressure jet holes 54 and the low-pressure jet holes 55 on the first intercepting pipe 33 are staggered or communicated with the through holes, and particularly, when preliminary drilling is carried out, the high-pressure jet holes 54 and the low-pressure jet holes 55 are staggered and distributed with the through holes, and the blocking Kong Jilv of rock particles on the high-pressure jet holes 54 and the low-pressure jet holes 55 is effectively reduced;
the drive shaft 61 is capable of displacing or abutting the high pressure jet orifice 54 and the low pressure jet orifice 55 on the first section 33 of the cutoff tube with the through hole during the steering adjustment, and displacing the bypass orifice 51 with the flow orifice 53 when the orifice at the end of the hydraulic tube 34 is in communication with the pilot orifice 52, whereby the low pressure jet orifice 55 breaks the jet, and displacing the bypass orifice 51 with the flow orifice 53 when the orifice at the end of the hydraulic tube 34 is in communication with the pilot orifice 52, whereby the high pressure jet orifice 54 breaks the jet, and it is noted that in hydraulic breaking, the low-pressure jet holes 55 are used for carrying out circumferential hydraulic fracturing preferentially, and then the driving shaft is used for realizing the switching between high-pressure water rock breaking and low-pressure water rock breaking under the continuous repeated deflection, so that a high-pressure jet region (namely a mixed injection region containing metal sodium particle kerosene liquid and liquid nitrogen) can be uniformly distributed in a circumferential range, the mixed liquid containing metal sodium particle kerosene and liquid nitrogen and high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide are distributed at intervals, the two are convenient to combine and expand, the fracturing effect is obvious, and compared with the existing pneumatic fracturing, the invention can achieve the effects of uniformity and controllability of fracturing.
In this embodiment, one end of the sealing tube seat 31 is coaxially connected with the outflow tube 7, a plurality of liquid holes are uniformly distributed in the outflow tube 7, and the outflow tube 7 is connected with an annular liquid channel in the drill rod main body, so that liquid nitrogen enters the outflow tube 7 through the annular liquid channel and is uniformly sprayed out through each liquid hole in the outflow tube 7, and the second truncated tube 71 is rotatably mounted in the outflow tube 7.
In a preferred embodiment, the hydraulic fracturing mechanism 3 preferably adopts the low-pressure jet hole 55 to perform circumferential full-range hydraulic fracturing, and then adopts the multi-range angular jet of the high-pressure jet hole 54 in the circumferential direction, so that the subsequent liquid nitrogen and kerosene mixed solution containing metal sodium particles can be distributed and diffused through a high-pressure jet area, the liquid nitrogen can rapidly cool the rock body and reach the freezing point, the water absorbent resin in the high-pressure water can rapidly freeze and expand, and when the liquid nitrogen is gasified, the carbon dioxide injection mechanism injects high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide through the low-pressure jet area, so that the liquid carbon dioxide injection area and the high-pressure jet area are distributed at intervals, and after the liquid nitrogen is thermally expanded, a large amount of high-temperature gas can be rapidly generated when the liquid nitrogen is combined with the high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide, so that the fracturing effect is strong.
In this embodiment, the extension length of each high-pressure jet area at the drilling axial direction ranges from 1.2m to 2.5m, and the high-pressure jet areas at adjacent axial directions are distributed in a staggered manner, especially, based on spatial distribution, the high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide uniformly distributes the mixed solution of metal sodium particle kerosene and liquid nitrogen outside the spatial range, so that the two are convenient for full thermal expansion and combination, and the instant-release high-pressure carbon dioxide gas is utilized to generate rapid impact and compression effects on the mixed solution area, and the instant-release high-pressure carbon dioxide gas is extruded and activated to achieve instant air pressure fracturing.
The foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art, who is within the scope of the present invention, should make equivalent substitutions or modifications according to the technical solution of the present invention and the inventive concept thereof, and should be covered by the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. Multistage fracturing device of directional fracturing rock mass, its characterized in that: it comprises the following steps: the drilling main body (1) is provided with a plurality of sections of drill rods (11) at the rotary output end through a left-right rotary controller, the plurality of sections of drill rods (11) are mutually assembled and spliced to form a drill rod main body, a steering drill bit is arranged at the end part of the drill rod main body, a conveying pipe (12) is connected to the outside of the drilling main body (1), the conveying pipe (12) is communicated with one end of the drill rod main body, and an annular liquid channel and a central flow channel are arranged in the drill rod main body;
A hydraulic fracturing mechanism (3) is arranged at one end, close to the steering drill bit, of the drill rod main body, a carbon dioxide injection mechanism (2) is arranged at one side, far away from the rock body, of the hydraulic fracturing mechanism (3), and the hydraulic fracturing mechanism (3) is matched with the carbon dioxide injection mechanism (2) to form multistage fracturing on the rock body;
a water storage tank (13) is arranged outside the drilling main body (1), the water storage tank (13) is communicated with the conveying pipe (12) through an external water pump, and the conveying pipe (12) is in sealing connection with the hydraulic fracturing mechanism (3) through a central flow passage in the drill rod main body;
The novel carbon dioxide injection device is characterized in that a carbon dioxide high-pressure liquid tank (14) is arranged outside the drilling main body (1), a flow pipe is connected outside the carbon dioxide high-pressure liquid tank (14), one end of the flow pipe is communicated with the conveying pipe (12) through a liquid pump (15), a control valve (16) is arranged on the flow pipe, and the control valve is in sealing connection with the carbon dioxide injection mechanism (2) through an annular liquid channel.
2. A multi-stage fracturing device for directionally fracturing a rock mass according to claim 1, wherein: the drilling device is characterized in that a liquid nitrogen tank (4) is further arranged outside the drilling main body (1), the liquid nitrogen tank (4) is communicated with the conveying pipe (12) through a one-way pipe, an annular liquid channel is adopted to be communicated with the hydraulic fracturing mechanism (3), a tee joint is arranged on the one-way pipe, a material mixing pipe (41) is connected to a valve port at one end of the tee joint and is used for conveying kerosene liquid mixed with metal sodium particles, the kerosene liquid mixed with liquid nitrogen enters the hydraulic fracturing mechanism (3) synchronously;
When the rock mass is fractured, the hydraulic fracturing mechanism (3) adopts high-pressure hydraulic power to circumferentially and multi-angle rock breaking the rock mass, and simultaneously, mixed abrasive materials of liquid nitrogen and metal sodium are rapidly injected into a region after rock breaking through an annular liquid channel in the drilling main body (1), wherein water-absorbent resin particles are mixed in high-pressure water.
3. A multi-stage fracturing device for directionally fracturing a rock mass according to claim 2, wherein: the hydraulic fracturing mechanism (3) comprises: sealing tube seat (31), its one end coaxial fixed with jet pipe (32), coaxial rotation is provided with in jet pipe (32) and cuts off first (33), a plurality of through-holes have evenly been seted up to circumference on jet pipe (32), just cut off first (33) both ends circumference and evenly offered a plurality of low pressure jet holes (55), sealing tube seat (31) internal fixation has hydraulic pipe (34), one side of hydraulic pipe (34) is connected with interior pipe (37) through sealing cut-off cover (35), one side that keeps away from sealing tube seat (31) on jet pipe (32) is fixed with choked flow cover (36), choked flow cover (36) center is provided with the direction chamber pipe, and the one end and interior pipe (37) of direction chamber pipe are linked together, set up side discharge (38) on the direction chamber pipe, be equipped with annular backward flow storehouse in choked flow cover (36), annular backward flow storehouse is linked together with cut-off first (33).
4. A multi-stage fracturing device for directionally fracturing a rock mass according to claim 3, wherein: the middle circumference of the first intercepting pipe (33) is uniformly provided with a plurality of high-pressure jet holes (54), a ring sleeve (5) is hermetically sealed at the position of the first intercepting pipe (33) positioned at the high-pressure jet holes (54), a flow opening (53) is arranged on the ring sleeve (5), the sealing interception sleeve (35) is fixed with the ring sleeve (5) and is integrally communicated with the ring sleeve (5) through the flow opening (53), the hydraulic pipe (34) is provided with a guide opening at the end part of the sealing sleeve (35), the sealing sleeve (35) is provided with a flow control hole (52) corresponding to the guide opening, the flow control hole (52) is staggered or communicated with the guide opening under the rotation action of the sealing sleeve (35), the circumferential side wall of the hydraulic pipe (34) is provided with a bypass opening (51), and the bypass opening (51) is arranged corresponding to the flow opening (53).
5. A multi-stage fracturing unit of a directionally fractured rock mass according to claim 4 wherein: one end of the first truncated tube (33) is fixedly provided with a collar (6), the collar (6) is rotatably connected in a sealing tube seat (31), a guide cavity is arranged in the sealing tube seat (31), a driving shaft (61) is rotatably arranged in the guide cavity, the driving shaft (61) is fixedly connected with the collar (6), an arc-shaped hydraulic bin (62) is arranged in the guide cavity, a piston rod (63) is slidably arranged in the arc-shaped hydraulic bin (62), one end of the piston rod (63) is connected with the driving shaft (61), and a hydraulic tube (64) is connected outside the sealing tube seat (31);
The drive shaft (61) can enable the high-pressure jet hole (54) and the low-pressure jet hole (55) on the first intercepting pipe (33) to be staggered or butted with the through hole in steering adjustment, when the guide opening at the end part of the hydraulic pipe (34) is communicated with the flow control hole (52), the bypass opening (51) is staggered with the flow opening (53), the low-pressure jet hole (55) performs jet rock breaking at the moment, and when the guide opening at the end part of the hydraulic pipe (34) is staggered with the flow control hole (52), the bypass opening (51) is communicated with the flow opening (53), and the high-pressure jet hole (54) performs jet rock breaking at the moment.
6. A multi-stage fracturing device for directionally fracturing a rock mass according to claim 3, wherein: one end coaxial coupling of seal tube seat (31) has outflow pipe (7), a plurality of liquid holes of evenly distributed have been seted up on outflow pipe (7), outflow pipe (7) are linked together with the annular liquid way in the drilling rod main part for liquid nitrogen gets into in outflow pipe (7) through annular liquid way, and evenly spout it by each liquid hole on outflow pipe (7), the interception pipe two (71) are installed to outflow pipe (7) internal rotation.
7. The multi-stage fracturing device of a directionally fractured rock mass of claim 6 wherein: the hydraulic fracturing mechanism (3) is used for carrying out circumferential full-range hydraulic fracturing by adopting a low-pressure jet hole (55) preferentially, then multi-range angular jet flow of a high-pressure jet hole (54) in the circumferential direction is adopted, so that the subsequent liquid nitrogen and kerosene mixed liquid containing metal sodium particles can be distributed and diffused through a high-pressure jet flow area, the liquid nitrogen can quickly cool a rock body and reach a freezing point, water-absorbent resin in high-pressure water is quickly frozen and expanded, and when the liquid nitrogen is gasified, high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide is injected by the carbon dioxide injection mechanism (2) through the low-pressure jet flow area, so that the liquid carbon dioxide injection area and the high-pressure jet flow area are distributed.
8. The multi-stage fracturing device of claim 7 wherein: the extension length of each high-pressure jet flow zone at the drilling axial direction is in the range of 1.2m to 2.5m, and the high-pressure jet flow zones at the adjacent axial direction are distributed in a staggered mode.
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