CN118065150A - 一种耐低温折劳的pvc人造革 - Google Patents
一种耐低温折劳的pvc人造革 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种耐低温折劳的PVC人造革,所述PVC人造革包括PVC皮革层和基布层,所述PVC皮革层和基布层通过PVC粘合剂层粘结,其中,所述PVC粘合剂层的重量为115g/m2至125g/m2。本发明解决的技术问题在于改进PVC人造革的耐低温折劳性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及耐低温折劳的PVC人造革,其例如能够用于汽车内饰。
背景技术
在汽车内饰材料中广泛应用人造革,例如聚氯乙烯(PVC)人造革。PVC人造革在应用中通常包含PVC皮革层,如致密的表皮层和/或多孔的发泡层。PVC皮革层可以与基布粘合从而进一步提高强度。
随着人造革内饰材料的发展,人们对于其低温下耐折劳性能的要求越来越高,从-10℃耐3万次曲折的要求逐渐提高到-20℃耐3万次曲折,甚至-20℃耐5万次曲折的要求。
耐折劳度又称折裂强度,是衡量皮革及涂饰层耐弯折性能的指标,检测时通常在测试仪器上往复曲折或弯折,直至革面或革身产生变色、起毛、裂纹、起壳、掉浆等现象为止,以曲折次数表示皮革耐曲折性能的好坏。当人造革的耐低温折劳性能不足时,容易出现不合格产品,其在一定的使用时间内容易出现裂纹或损坏。因此耐折牢度是人造革的一项重要指标。
现有技术中,为了提高人造革的耐低温折劳性能,大多采用耐低温的原材料。然而,耐低温原材料的价格较高。
因此,本发明需要提出一种新的技术方案以解决上述诸多技术问题中的至少一个。
发明内容
基于上述现有技术,本发明的目的在于提供一种在低温下具有良好耐折劳性能的PVC人造革。
为实现上述技术目的,本发明提出一种耐低温折劳的PVC人造革,所述PVC人造革包括PVC皮革层和基布层,所述PVC皮革层和基布层通过PVC粘合剂层粘结,其中,所述PVC粘合剂层的重量为115g/m2至125g/m2。
PVC粘合剂层作为基布层和PVC皮革层之间的粘接剂,起到连接作用,根据其实际用量能够控制粘结程度。本发明通过调整PVC粘合剂层的上胶量,增加了基布层和PVC皮革层之间的粘合力,使得在弯折时对PVC皮革层的外顶力减弱,保护PVC皮革层使其不易裂开,从而提高耐低温折劳性能。本发明意外地发现,当PVC粘合剂层在干燥后的上胶量为115g/m2至125g/m2时,能够特别有效地提高PVC人造革的耐低温折劳性能。
原则上,所述基布层可以采用任何常规的基布材料。
优选地,所述基布层是针织物。针织物是由纱线顺序弯曲成线圈,线圈相互串套而形成的织物。纱线形成线圈的过程,可以横向或纵向地进行,横向编织称为纬编织物,而纵向编织称为经编织物。针织物的特点在于柔软有弹性,拉伸延伸性、抗皱性及透气性好,顶破力、耐磨度较差,花纹多样,其工艺比较复杂。根据本发明,优选所述基布为纬编针织物。
在基布层为针织物的情况下,所述PVC皮革层包括PVC致密层和/或PVC发泡层。例如,PVC皮革层可以由两层PVC致密层构成,也可以由一层PVC致密层和一层PVC发泡层构成。本发明发现,在基布层为针织物的情况下,通过控制PVC粘合剂的用量为115g/m2至125g/m2,能够有效地提高PVC人造革的耐低温折劳性能。
还优选地,所述基布层是机织物。机织物又称梭织物,是由两条或两组以上的相互垂直纱线以90度角作经纬交织而成的织物,纵向的纱线叫经纱,横向的纱线叫纬纱。机织物的特点在于密实、牢固、挺括、不易变形、没有弹性以及耐用性、耐磨性能好。
在基布层为机织物的情况下,优选地,所述PVC皮革层由两层PVC致密层构成。本发明发现,在基布层为机织物的情况下,通过采用双致密层的PVC皮革层配合115g/m2至125g/m2的PVC粘合剂用量,能够特别有效地提高PVC人造革的耐低温折劳性能,同时保持高的拉伸强度。
优选地,所述PVC致密层包含45至55重量份的PVC树脂、45至55重量份的增塑剂、0.5至1.5重量份的稳定剂和4至10重量份的色浆,其中PVC粉和增塑剂的总重为100重量份。还优选地,所述PVC致密层的用量为250g/m2至350g/m2。
优选地,所述PVC发泡层包含45至55重量份的PVC树脂、45至55重量份的增塑剂、0.5至1.5重量份的稳定剂、0.4至5重量份的色浆和0.15至1重量份的发泡剂,其中PVC粉和增塑剂的总重为100重量份。还优选地,所述PVC发泡层的用量为250g/m2至330g/m2。
优选地,所述基布层由涤纶纱线、涤棉混纺纱线或氨纶纱线编织而成。更优选地,所述基布层是由涤纶纱线编织而成的针织物或机织物。
优选地,所述PVC粘合剂层采用含PVC的胶水,包含50至55重量份的PVC树脂、45至50重量份的增塑剂和0.5至1.5重量份的稳定剂,其中PVC粉和增塑剂的总重为100重量份。
优选地,所述PVC人造革根据标准ISO 5402:2017(E)测试在-20℃下至少耐3万次曲折。这意味着,本发明的PVC人造革在-20℃下反复弯折至少3万次后,皮革表面没有开裂和明显的外观变化。相应地,本发明的PVC人造革根据标准ISO 5402:2017(E)测试在室温下能够至少耐10万次曲折。
本发明使用的PVC树脂可以是常规的PVC粉末、颗粒等。本发明使用的增塑剂可以是常规的增塑剂,例如邻苯类增塑剂。本发明使用的稳定剂可以是常规的稳定剂,例如环氧稳定剂。
PVC致密层中的PVC树脂与PVC发泡层中的PVC树脂可以相同,也可以不同;PVC致密层中的增塑剂与PVC发泡层中的增塑剂可以相同,也可以不同;PVC致密层中的稳定剂与PVC发泡层中的稳定剂可以相同,也可以不同。
在PVC发泡层中使用的发泡剂可以是本领域技术人员熟知的各种常规的物理发泡剂,例如烷烃类的低沸点液体;或化学发泡剂,例如偶氮类发泡剂。
另外,在PVC致密层和/或发泡层中还可能含有其他的助剂,均可根据需要选择本领域技术人员熟知的常规材料。
本发明的PVC人造革还能够在PVC皮革层表面涂覆油漆层,从而提高人造革表面的耐污、耐磨性。
根据本发明的PVC人造革能够适用于例如汽车内饰领域。
本发明还相应地涉及PVC人造革的制造方法,其中包括步骤混料和涂布,在涂布的过程中在PVC皮革层上涂覆PVC粘合剂层,并以0.95mm至1.30mm的贴合间隙贴合基布层,随后在200℃至225℃的温度下进行烘干。PVC粘合剂渗透到基布中,从而将PVC皮革层与基布层紧密粘结。
本发明的优点在于:通过调整PVC粘合剂的用量为115g/m2至125g/m2,增加了基布和皮革之间的粘结力,进而提高PVC人造革的耐低温折劳性能。对此,不需要增加额外设备,现有设备即可实现;并且不需要改变目前的产品结构,不增加新材料。
具体实施方式
为使本领域的技术人员更好地理解本发明的技术方案,下面结合实施例和对比例对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整的描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本发明的一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
按照以下步骤制备PVC人造革:
混料:
将50重量份的PVC粉、50重量份的邻苯二甲酸烷基酯增塑剂、1重量份的环氧稳定剂和4重量份的色浆混合,制备PVC致密层的浆料,
将50重量份的PVC粉、50重量份的邻苯二甲酸烷基酯增塑剂、1重量份的环氧稳定剂、0.4重量份的色浆和0.8重量份的发泡剂混合,制备PVC发泡层的浆料,
将50重量份的PVC粉、50重量份的偏苯酸正辛酯增塑剂和1重量份的环氧稳定剂混合,制备PVC粘合剂层的浆料。
涂布:发送离型纸,在离型纸上涂布PVC致密层浆料,烘干;然后涂布PVC发泡层浆料,烘干;接着涂布PVC粘合剂层浆料;随后以0.95mm的贴合间隙贴合基布,在200℃的温度下烘干;剥离离型纸并收卷。各层的施加量和基布类型参见表1。
印刷和压花:在PVC致密层表面印刷油漆,并进行压花。
切割:制备后得到的成品可以按照要求尺寸进行切割并包装。
实施例2
按照以下步骤制备PVC人造革:
混料:
将45重量份的PVC粉、55重量份的邻苯二甲酸烷基酯增塑剂、1重量份的环氧稳定剂和7重量份的色浆混合,制备第一PVC致密层的浆料,
将50重量份的PVC粉、50重量份的邻苯二甲酸烷基酯增塑剂、1重量份的环氧稳定剂、0.4重量份的色浆和10重量份的填充剂混合,制备第二PVC致密层的浆料,
将50重量份的PVC粉、50重量份的邻苯二甲酸甲酯增塑剂和1重量份的环氧稳定剂混合,制备PVC粘合剂层的浆料。
涂布:发送离型纸,在离型纸上涂布第一PVC致密层浆料,烘干;然后涂布第二PVC致密层浆料,烘干;接着涂布PVC粘合剂层浆料;随后以1.20mm的贴合间隙贴合基布,在210℃的温度下烘干;剥离离型纸并收卷。各层的施加量和基布类型参见表1。
印刷和压花:在PVC致密层表面印刷油漆,并进行压花。
切割:制备后得到的成品可以按照要求尺寸进行切割并包装。
实施例3
按照以下步骤制备PVC人造革:
混料:
将50重量份的PVC粉、50重量份的邻苯二甲酸烷基酯增塑剂、1重量份的环氧稳定剂和4重量份的色浆混合,制备PVC致密层的浆料,
将50重量份的PVC粉、50重量份的邻苯二甲酸烷基酯增塑剂、1重量份的环氧稳定剂、0.4重量份的色浆和1重量份的发泡剂混合,制备PVC发泡层的浆料,
将50重量份的PVC粉、50重量份的偏苯酸正辛酯增塑剂和1重量份的环氧稳定剂混合,制备PVC粘合剂层的浆料。
涂布:发送离型纸,在离型纸上涂布PVC致密层浆料,烘干;然后涂布PVC发泡层浆料,烘干;接着涂布PVC粘合剂层浆料;随后以1.30mm的贴合间隙贴合基布,在225℃的温度下烘干;剥离离型纸并收卷。各层的施加量和基布类型参见表1。
印刷和压花:在PVC致密层表面印刷油漆,并进行压花。
切割:制备后得到的成品可以按照要求尺寸进行切割并包装。
对比例1
按照以下步骤制备PVC人造革:
混料:
将50重量份的PVC粉、50重量份的邻苯二甲酸烷基酯增塑剂、1重量份的环氧稳定剂和4重量份的色浆混合,制备PVC致密层的浆料,
将50重量份的PVC粉、50重量份的邻苯二甲酸烷基酯增塑剂、1重量份的环氧稳定剂、0.4重量份的色浆和0.8重量份的发泡剂混合,制备PVC发泡层的浆料,
将50重量份的PVC粉、50重量份的偏苯酸正辛酯增塑剂和1重量份的环氧稳定剂混合,制备PVC粘合剂层的浆料。
涂布:发送离型纸,在离型纸上涂布PVC致密层浆料,烘干;然后涂布PVC发泡层浆料,烘干;接着涂布PVC粘合剂层浆料;随后以0.95mm的贴合间隙贴合基布,在200℃的温度下烘干;剥离离型纸并收卷。各层的施加量和基布类型参见表1。
印刷和压花:在PVC致密层表面印刷油漆,并进行压花。
切割:制备后得到的成品可以按照要求尺寸进行切割并包装。
对比例2
按照以下步骤制备PVC人造革:
混料:
将45重量份的PVC粉、55重量份的邻苯二甲酸烷基酯增塑剂、1重量份的环氧稳定剂和7重量份的色浆混合,制备第一PVC致密层的浆料,
将50重量份的PVC粉、50重量份的邻苯二甲酸烷基酯增塑剂、1重量份的环氧稳定剂、0.4重量份的色浆和10重量份的填充剂混合,制备第二PVC致密层的浆料,
将50重量份的PVC粉、50重量份的邻苯二甲酸甲酯增塑剂和1重量份的环氧稳定剂混合,制备PVC粘合剂层的浆料。
涂布:发送离型纸,在离型纸上涂布第一PVC致密层浆料,烘干;然后涂布第二PVC致密层浆料,烘干;接着涂布PVC粘合剂层浆料;随后以1.20mm的贴合间隙贴合基布,在210℃的温度下烘干;剥离离型纸并收卷。各层的施加量和基布类型参见表1。
印刷和压花:在PVC致密层表面印刷油漆,并进行压花。
切割:制备后得到的成品可以按照要求尺寸进行切割并包装。
对比例3
按照以下步骤制备PVC人造革:
混料:
将45重量份的PVC粉、55重量份的邻苯二甲酸烷基酯增塑剂、1重量份的环氧稳定剂和7重量份的色浆混合,制备PVC致密层的浆料,
将45重量份的PVC粉、55重量份的邻苯二甲酸烷基酯增塑剂、1重量份的环氧稳定剂、0.4重量份的色浆和0.4重量份的发泡剂混合,制备PVC发泡层的浆料,
将50重量份的PVC粉、50重量份的邻苯二甲酸甲酯增塑剂和1重量份的环氧稳定剂混合,制备PVC粘合剂层的浆料。
涂布:发送离型纸,在离型纸上涂布PVC致密层浆料,烘干;然后涂布PVC发泡层浆料,烘干;接着涂布PVC粘合剂层浆料;随后以1.20mm的贴合间隙贴合基布,在210℃的温度下烘干;剥离离型纸并收卷。各层的施加量和基布类型参见表1。
印刷和压花:在PVC致密层表面印刷油漆,并进行压花。
切割:制备后得到的成品可以按照要求尺寸进行切割并包装。
对比例4
按照以下步骤制备PVC人造革:
混料:
将45重量份的PVC粉、55重量份的邻苯二甲酸烷基酯增塑剂、1重量份的环氧稳定剂和7重量份的色浆混合,制备PVC致密层的浆料,
将45重量份的PVC粉、55重量份的邻苯二甲酸烷基酯增塑剂、1重量份的环氧稳定剂、0.4重量份的色浆和0.4重量份的发泡剂混合,制备PVC发泡层的浆料,
将50重量份的PVC粉、50重量份的邻苯二甲酸甲酯增塑剂和1重量份的环氧稳定剂混合,制备PVC粘合剂层的浆料。
涂布:发送离型纸,在离型纸上涂布PVC致密层浆料,烘干;然后涂布PVC发泡层浆料,烘干;接着涂布PVC粘合剂层浆料;随后以1.20mm的贴合间隙贴合基布,在210℃的温度下烘干;剥离离型纸并收卷。各层的施加量和基布类型参见表1。
印刷和压花:在PVC致密层表面印刷油漆,并进行压花。
切割:制备后得到的成品可以按照要求尺寸进行切割并包装。
对比例5
按照以下步骤制备PVC人造革:
混料:
将55重量份的PVC粉、45重量份的邻苯二甲酸烷基酯增塑剂、1.1重量份的环氧稳定剂和5重量份的色浆混合,制备PVC致密层的浆料,
将50重量份的PVC粉、50重量份的邻苯二甲酸烷基酯增塑剂、1重量份的环氧稳定剂、0.4重量份的色浆和1.5重量份的发泡剂混合,制备PVC发泡层的浆料,
将50重量份的PVC粉、50重量份的偏苯酸正辛酯增塑剂和1重量份的环氧稳定剂混合,制备PVC粘合剂层的浆料。
涂布:发送离型纸,在离型纸上涂布PVC致密层浆料,烘干;然后涂布PVC发泡层浆料,烘干;接着涂布PVC粘合剂层浆料;随后以1.30mm的贴合间隙贴合基布,在225℃的温度下烘干;剥离离型纸并收卷。各层的施加量和基布类型参见表1。
印刷和压花:在PVC致密层表面印刷油漆,并进行压花。
切割:制备后得到的成品可以按照要求尺寸进行切割并包装。
对于由实施例1至3和对比例1至5获得的PVC人造革样品根据标准ISO 5402:2017(E)测试耐低温折劳性能。检测条件为在-20℃的低温下反复弯折样品3万次。测试结束时,如果样品表面没有裂缝、龟裂或表面掉色现象,则表明测试通过,在该条件下耐低温折劳;反之,如果样品表面裂开或者掉色,则表明测试不通过,在该条件下不耐低温折劳。具体检测结果在表1中展示。
表1:各层施加量、基布类型和耐低温折劳检测结果
上述实施例和对比例中用到的针织物优选使用纬编针织物。
根据表1的检测结果可得,根据本发明的实施例1至3获得的PVC人造革在-20℃的低温下反复弯折3万次时体现出良好的耐折劳性。对比例1与实施例1相比以及对比例2与实施例2相比,PVC粘合剂层用量过小,导致耐低温折劳性变差。对比例3与实施例2相比,在基布为机织物的情况下,PVC双致密层比PVC致密层与PVC泡沫层的结合结构具有明显改进的耐低温折劳性。对比例4也因为PVC粘合剂层用量过小而不具备良好的耐低温折劳性。相反地,对比例5的PVC粘合剂层用量过大,但由此也导致耐低温折劳性变差,并且手感较硬、容易溢胶。
另外,对于由实施例1至3和对比例1至5获得的PVC人造革样品根据标准GMW 3010-2019测试拉伸强度,其中,样条选用Code H。检测结果在表2中展示。
表2:拉伸强度检测结果
结合表1和表2的检测结果可得,根据本发明的实施例1至3获得的PVC人造革在耐低温折劳性良好的同时,还具有良好的拉伸性能,纵向和横向的拉伸强度均在300N/5cm以上。其中,实施例2中,虽然采用了双致密层的表皮结构,但机织物的基布层补偿了人造革的强度,使得其具有很高的拉伸强度。而对比例1至5虽然也展示了良好的拉伸性能,但耐低温折劳性明显较差。
可以理解的是,以上实施方式仅仅是为了说明本发明的原理而采用的示例性实施方式,然而本发明并不局限于此。对于本领域内的普通技术人员而言,在不脱离本发明的精神和实质的情况下,可以做出各种变型和改进,这些变型和改进也视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种耐低温折劳的PVC人造革,所述PVC人造革包括PVC皮革层和基布层,所述PVC皮革层和基布层通过PVC粘合剂层粘结,其特征在于,所述PVC粘合剂层的重量为115g/m2至125g/m2。
2.根据权利要求1所述的耐低温折劳的PVC人造革,其特征在于,所述基布层是针织物。
3.根据权利要求2所述的耐低温折劳的PVC人造革,其特征在于,所述PVC皮革层包括PVC致密层和/或PVC发泡层。
4.根据权利要求1所述的耐低温折劳的PVC人造革,其特征在于,所述基布层是机织物。
5.根据权利要求4所述的耐低温折劳的PVC人造革,其特征在于,所述PVC皮革层由两层PVC致密层构成。
6.根据权利要求3或5所述的耐低温折劳的PVC人造革,其特征在于,所述PVC致密层的用量为250g/m2至350g/m2。
7.根据权利要求3所述的耐低温折劳的PVC人造革,其特征在于,所述PVC发泡层的用量为250g/m2至330g/m2。
8.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的耐低温折劳的PVC人造革,其特征在于,所述基布层由涤纶纱线、涤棉混纺纱线或氨纶纱线编织而成。
9.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的耐低温折劳的PVC人造革,其特征在于,所述PVC粘合剂层包含50至55重量份的PVC树脂、45至50重量份的增塑剂和0.5至1.5重量份的稳定剂,其中PVC粉和增塑剂的总重为100重量份。
10.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的耐低温折劳的PVC人造革,其特征在于,所述PVC人造革根据标准ISO 5402:2017测试在-20℃下至少耐3万次曲折。
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