CN118058473A - Processing method for enhancing oil adsorption capacity of asparagus crude fiber powder - Google Patents
Processing method for enhancing oil adsorption capacity of asparagus crude fiber powder Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of modification of asparagus crude fibers, and particularly relates to a processing method for enhancing oil adsorption capacity of asparagus crude fiber powder. According to the invention, the asparagus crude fiber in the asparagus old stem waste is obtained by combining alkaline leaching with two enzyme preparation treatments, then the obtained asparagus crude fiber is subjected to superfine grinding, rehydration, step-by-step low-temperature treatment and steam explosion treatment, and finally the obtained asparagus crude fiber is modified by adopting hot air and microwave combined drying treatment, after the above operation treatment, the water holding capacity and the oil adsorption capacity of the asparagus crude fiber powder are obviously improved compared with those of unmodified asparagus crude fiber powder, so that the problem that the processing and the utilization of high crude fiber content waste resources such as the asparagus old stem are difficult is effectively solved, the added value of the asparagus crude fiber is improved, and the application range of the asparagus crude fiber is enlarged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of modification of asparagus crude fibers, and particularly relates to a processing method for enhancing oil adsorption capacity of asparagus crude fiber powder.
Background
The asparagus, also called dew bamboo shoots and asparagus, is a perennial herb plant of Asparagus (Asparagus) of Asparagus of Asparaginaceae, is rich in various nutritional ingredients such as asparagus saponin, protein, carbohydrate, dietary fiber and the like, is a high-grade vegetable with very comprehensive nutritional ingredients, and is also listed as ' superior product ' of vegetables in Shennong Baicaojing '.
However, the yield of tender asparagus accounts for only 1/3 of that of the asparagus stems, most of the asparagus stems are asparagus stems, and although the nutritional ingredients in the asparagus stems have good effects of improving the immunity of organisms and preventing gastrointestinal diseases, due to the lack of corresponding utilization ways and technologies, most of the asparagus stems are directly discarded except for part of the asparagus stems as feeds, so that not only is the great waste of resources caused, but also the environment is polluted.
In the prior art, in order to expand the application range of asparagus, the asparagus is prepared into cans, dried asparagus and fermented beverage in the market, or is directly pulverized into powder to be prepared into foods such as noodles or biscuits, but the development and the application of the old asparagus stems are greatly restricted to a certain extent due to the high content of crude fiber in the old asparagus stems and poor water retention and oil absorption.
In fact, natural dietary fiber is very friendly for obese people, if the natural dietary fiber can modify crude fiber rich in asparagus, the water retention and oil retention of the crude fiber are improved, the application range of the crude fiber in some functional foods is enlarged, the utilization rate of asparagus crude fiber wastes is improved, and a functional fiber raw material is provided for the food industry.
The modification research on the asparagus fiber is not more, and the research shows that the treatment of the asparagus crude fiber by adopting the steam explosion technology in a shorter time realizes the conversion of partial insoluble dietary fiber in the asparagus into soluble dietary fiber, and the report of the related technology for improving the oil adsorption capacity of the asparagus crude fiber is not yet seen so far.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a processing method for enhancing the oil adsorption capacity of asparagus crude fiber powder.
The processing method for enhancing the oil adsorption capacity of the asparagus crude fiber powder provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
S1, crushing old stems of asparagus, soaking the crushed old stems in alkali liquor, sequentially adding cellulase and trypsin for enzymolysis for 1-2 hours at 50-60 ℃, and removing supernatant after enzyme deactivation to obtain crude asparagus fibers;
s2, drying the asparagus crude fiber obtained in the step S1 until the moisture content is below 5%, and superfine grinding to 400-600 meshes to obtain asparagus crude fiber powder;
S3, rehydrating the asparagus crude fiber powder obtained in the S2, and then carrying out low-temperature treatment, wherein the low-temperature treatment is operated as follows: sealing the re-hydrated crude asparagus fiber powder, standing for 4-6 hours under the refrigeration condition of 0-6 ℃, and then transferring to the condition of-20 to-16 ℃ for 1-3 d to obtain freeze-dried asparagus crude fiber powder;
S4, naturally thawing the asparagus crude fiber freeze-dried powder subjected to the low-temperature treatment in the step S3, and drying the obtained material to the water content of less than or equal to 7% by combining hot air and microwaves after the steam explosion treatment, so as to obtain the asparagus crude fiber powder with strong grease adsorption capacity.
The invention takes the low-cost and low-utilization-rate old-stem waste of the asparagus, which is produced after the processing of the asparagus, as the source of the crude fiber powder of the asparagus, adopts a combination mode of alkaline leaching and an enzyme method to obtain insoluble dietary fibers in the old-stem waste, and based on the components such as the asparagus fibers, the asparagus proteins, the asparagus acids and the like in the asparagus stems, the insoluble crude fibers in the asparagus stems can be almost completely released under the action of cellulase and trypsin after the alkaline treatment, so that the utilization rate of the asparagus stem waste is improved.
In addition, the obtained asparagus crude fiber is further modified by adopting modes of superfine grinding, rehydration, low-temperature treatment, steam explosion and the like, wherein the whole structure of the crude fiber can be destroyed in the superfine grinding process, and the macromolecule is favorably broken into micromolecular fiber components; and then rehydrating the broken asparagus crude fibers, wherein the rehydration process is also to soften asparagus fiber molecules, and when the asparagus crude fibers are subjected to gradual low-temperature treatment, a large amount of hydrogen bonds are contained in the small molecules and intertwined with each other, so that the stability of the fibrous polysaccharide is maintained, and part of the hydrogen bonds are destroyed under the action of lower temperature, so that pores appear among the fibers, the dense structure of the fibers is facilitated to be loosened, the specific surface area of powder is increased, and finally under the action of steam explosion, the asparagus polysaccharide molecules are further broken into smaller molecules by instantaneous high pressure, the particle size of the fiber powder is reduced again, and the specific surface area is further improved on the original basis, so that the oil adsorption capacity of the asparagus crude fiber powder is furthest improved, and the asparagus crude fiber powder with high physiological activity is obtained.
In the above steps, preferably, in S1, the mass-to-volume ratio of the asparagus old stem powder to the NaOH solution is 1g: 6-10 mL, wherein the alkaline leaching temperature is 50-70 ℃, the pH value is 9.0-10.0, and the alkaline leaching time is 1-3 h.
Preferably, in S1, the addition amount of the cellulase accounts for 0.3-5% of the weight of the asparagus old stem raw material, and the addition amount of the trypsin accounts for 0.05-0.6% of the weight of the asparagus old stem raw material.
Preferably, in S2, the superfine grinding is performed by using a vibrating superfine grinder, and the superfine grinding time is 1-30 min.
Preferably, in S3, the asparagus crude fiber powder obtained in S2 is soaked in water until the re-compounded water content of the asparagus crude fiber powder is 25-45% of the mass of the asparagus crude fiber powder raw material.
Preferably, in S3, the water content of the asparagus crude fiber powder is 35% of the mass of the asparagus crude fiber powder raw material.
Preferably, in S3, the re-hydrated asparagus crude fiber powder is sealed, kept stand for 6 hours under the refrigerating condition of 4 ℃ and then placed for 1d under the condition of-18 ℃ to obtain the asparagus crude fiber freeze-dried powder.
Preferably, in S4, the ratio of the volume of the material to the total volume of the cavity in the steam explosion treatment is 4-7: 8, the pressure of steam explosion is 0.8-1.8 MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 40-180 s.
Preferably, in S4, the ratio of the volume of the material to the total volume of the cavity in the steam explosion treatment is 6:8, steam explosion pressure is 0.9MPa, and steam pressure maintaining time is 90s.
Preferably, in S4, the hot air and microwave combined drying treatment specifically comprises the following steps: firstly, carrying out microwave drying treatment on the materials, then, transferring the materials into a hot air drying oven for continuous drying until the water content of the materials is less than or equal to 7%, wherein the power of microwave drying is 400-1500W, the microwave drying time is 3-10 min, and the hot air drying temperature is 40-90 ℃.
Preferably, in S4, the hot air and microwave combined drying treatment is performed, the microwave drying power is 1000w, the microwave drying time is 5min, and the hot air drying temperature is 80 ℃.
In addition, the application of the asparagus crude fiber powder prepared by the processing method in preparing the weight-reducing product also falls into the technical range to be protected by the invention, and the asparagus crude fiber powder accounts for 20-30% of the total weight of the weight-reducing product. The weight-losing product comprises any food or medicine containing dietary fiber and being beneficial to the absorption of grease of organisms; specifically comprises any one of weight-losing beverage, biscuit, wheaten food, health product and medicine.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. The problem that the processing and the utilization of the fruit and vegetable resources with high crude fiber content such as the asparagus old stem waste are difficult is effectively solved, the environmental pollution can be reduced, waste materials can be changed into things of value, and the utilization rate of the resources is improved;
2. The extracted asparagus crude fiber is modified by integrating the operation technologies of superfine grinding, rehydration, low-temperature treatment, steam explosion and the like, so that the content of the soluble dietary fiber is increased, the molecular weight of the obtained crude fiber is obviously reduced, the internal structure of the crude fiber is loose, the specific surface area of the powder is large, the oil adsorption capacity of the asparagus crude fiber powder is improved to the greatest extent, the new application of the old stem crude fiber powder is developed, namely, the application range of the asparagus crude fiber powder is widened in the oil adsorption process in a machine body. The dietary fiber mainly comprises various polysaccharides, has more active groups on the molecular surface, and has obvious effect on adsorbing organic compounds such as heavy metals, toxic substances, chemicals and the like. Also, absorption of substances such as fat and cholesterol is affected.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the water retention and oil absorption of crude asparagus fiber powder obtained by different treatment methods;
Fig. 2 shows the crude fiber content of asparagus in different extraction modes.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be further described in connection with specific embodiments in order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the invention.
Example 1
A processing method for enhancing oil adsorption capacity of asparagus crude fiber powder comprises the following steps:
s1, crushing old asparagus stems, soaking the crushed old asparagus stems in NaOH solution with the pH value of 9.0 for 3 hours at the temperature of 60 ℃, wherein the mass volume ratio of the asparagus stems powder to the NaOH solution is 1g:10mL, after soaking, sequentially adding cellulase accounting for 3% of the weight of the asparagus old stem powder, carrying out enzymolysis for 2 hours at 55 ℃, after enzyme deactivation, adding trypsin accounting for 0.2% of the weight of the asparagus old stem powder, carrying out enzymolysis for 1 hour at 50 ℃, inactivating enzyme, and removing supernatant to obtain asparagus crude fibers;
S2, drying the asparagus crude fiber obtained in the step S1 until the moisture content is 2%, and superfine grinding for 5min to obtain asparagus crude fiber powder;
S3, rehydrating the asparagus crude fiber powder obtained in the S2 until the rehydration amount of the asparagus crude fiber powder is 35% of the mass of the asparagus crude fiber powder raw material, sealing the rehydrated asparagus crude fiber powder, standing for 5 hours under the refrigeration condition of 4 ℃, and then transferring to the condition of-18 ℃ for 1d to obtain asparagus crude fiber freeze-dried powder;
S4, naturally thawing the asparagus crude fiber freeze-dried powder subjected to the low-temperature treatment in the step S3, and performing steam explosion treatment, wherein the obtained material is subjected to hot air and microwave combined drying until the water content is less than or equal to 7%, so that the asparagus crude fiber powder with strong oil adsorption capacity is obtained;
the specific operation is as follows: during steam explosion, the ratio of the volume of the material to the total volume of the material cavity is 5:8, steam explosion pressure is 0.9MPa, and steam pressure maintaining time is 120s; the conditions of hot air and microwave combined drying are as follows: firstly, carrying out microwave drying treatment on the materials, and then moving the materials into a hot air drying oven for continuous drying, wherein the specific conditions are as follows: the vacuum microwave drying power is 1000w, the microwave drying time is 5min, the hot air drying temperature is 80 ℃, and the drying is carried out until the water content of the material is less than or equal to 7%.
Example 2
A processing method for enhancing oil adsorption capacity of asparagus crude fiber powder comprises the following steps:
The operation and conditions of S1 and S4 are the same as those of the embodiment 1; the rest steps are as follows:
S2, drying the asparagus crude fiber obtained in the step S1 until the moisture content is 2%, and superfine grinding for 8min to obtain asparagus crude fiber powder;
s3, rehydrating the asparagus crude fiber powder obtained in the S2 until the rehydration amount of the asparagus crude fiber powder is 35% of the mass of the asparagus crude fiber powder raw material, sealing the rehydrated asparagus crude fiber powder, standing for 6 hours under the refrigeration condition of 4 ℃, and then transferring to the condition of-18 ℃ for 2d to obtain the asparagus crude fiber freeze-dried powder.
Example 3
A processing method for enhancing oil adsorption capacity of asparagus crude fiber powder comprises the following steps:
The operation and conditions of S1 and S4 are the same as those of the embodiment 1; the rest steps are as follows:
S2, drying the asparagus crude fiber obtained in the step S1 until the moisture content is 2%, and superfine grinding for 8min to obtain asparagus crude fiber powder;
S3, rehydrating the asparagus crude fiber powder obtained in the S2 until the rehydration amount of the asparagus crude fiber powder is 45% of the mass of the asparagus crude fiber powder raw material, sealing the rehydrated asparagus crude fiber powder, standing for 5 hours under the refrigeration condition of 0 ℃, and then transferring to the condition of-20 ℃ for 1d to obtain the asparagus crude fiber freeze-dried powder.
Comparative example 1
Unlike example 2, the crude fiber powder of asparagus prepared in S1 was directly dried by hot air without any modification treatment to obtain the crude fiber powder of asparagus.
Comparative example 2
Unlike example 2, the crude asparagus fiber prepared in S1 was not subjected to superfine grinding, and the rest was the same as example 2.
Comparative example 3
Unlike example 2, the crude asparagus fiber powder is directly obtained by carrying out the steam explosion, the microwave and hot air combined drying and the like after the superfine grinding of S2 without carrying out the rehydration and low-temperature treatment on the crude asparagus fiber powder.
Comparative example 4
Unlike example 2, the low temperature treatment was operated as follows: and (3) rehydrating the asparagus crude fiber powder obtained in the step (S2) until the rehydration amount of the asparagus crude fiber powder is 35% of the mass of the asparagus crude fiber powder raw material, sealing the rehydrated asparagus crude fiber powder, and directly placing the sealed asparagus crude fiber powder at the temperature of minus 40 ℃ for 2d to obtain the asparagus crude fiber freeze-dried powder.
Comparative example 5
Unlike example 2, the low temperature treatment was operated as follows: and (2) rehydrating the asparagus crude fiber powder obtained in the step (S2) until the rehydration amount of the asparagus crude fiber powder is 35% of the mass of the asparagus crude fiber powder raw material, sealing the rehydrated asparagus crude fiber powder, and directly placing the sealed asparagus crude fiber powder at the temperature of 0 ℃ for 2d to obtain the asparagus crude fiber freeze-dried powder.
Comparative example 6
Unlike example 2, the superfine grinding operation was performed after the steam explosion treatment of the crude asparagus fiber, that is, the superfine grinding in step S2 and the steam explosion in step S4 were replaced, and the rest was the same as example 2.
Test example 1 Performance test of crude fiber powder of Asparagus officinalis
1. Water absorption detection
Accurately weighing 0.5g of asparagus crude fiber powder, adding purified water into a centrifuge tube to prepare a solution with the concentration of 20g/L, sufficiently vibrating and uniformly mixing in the centrifuge tube, carrying out water bath for 30min at the temperature of 60 ℃, measuring the volume of supernatant after centrifugation, and calculating the water absorption of the asparagus crude fiber powder, wherein the water absorption is expressed as the weight of water absorbed by each gram of asparagus crude fiber powder.
2. Detection of oil absorption
Accurately weighing 0.5g of asparagus crude fiber powder in a centrifuge tube, adding 10g of primary salad oil, mixing for 30min, centrifuging, standing for 10min, measuring the volume of the supernatant salad oil, and calculating the oil absorption of the asparagus crude fiber powder, wherein the oil absorption is expressed by the mass of oil absorbed by each gram of asparagus crude fiber powder.
The water holding capacity and oil absorption of the asparagus crude fiber powder prepared in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 6 of the present invention are shown in Table 1 and FIG. 1, respectively.
Table 1 water holding and oil absorption properties of the product
As can be seen from the data in the table, in comparative example 1, the crude asparagus fiber powder obtained by the conventional method has poor water retention and oil absorption.
In comparative examples 2 to 6, after the crude asparagus fiber powder is modified in different ways, the water-holding capacity and oil-absorbing capacity of the prepared crude asparagus fiber powder are improved compared with those of comparative example 1, and it is obvious that the operations such as superfine grinding and steam explosion are beneficial to the improvement of the oil-absorbing capacity and the like of the crude asparagus fiber powder, and in addition, the water-holding capacity and the oil-absorbing capacity of the crude asparagus fiber powder can be regulated by the proper low-temperature treatment operation, but if the crude asparagus fiber powder is directly treated at extremely low temperature, the pore diameter in the fiber is seriously broken due to no gradual cooling operation, and the increase of the specific surface area of the fiber powder is not facilitated, so that the oil-absorbing capacity of the crude asparagus fiber powder is reduced.
In examples 1 to 3, after the prepared crude asparagus fiber is subjected to low temperature stepwise treatment, steam explosion, microwave combined hot air drying and other operations are performed, the oil absorption of the obtained crude asparagus fiber powder is about three times that of comparative example 1, and the phenomenon is probably caused by the low temperature stepwise operation, so that the formation of pore diameter tracks of crude asparagus fiber polysaccharide is facilitated, most hydrogen bonds are not broken due to excessive low temperature, the formation of dense pore diameters of the crude asparagus fiber polysaccharide is facilitated, the improvement of specific surface area is facilitated, and the oil absorption effect is improved.
Besides, the invention also explores the content condition of the asparagus crude fiber obtained by different extraction modes so as to obtain the optimal extraction condition of the asparagus crude fiber.
Example 4
The method for extracting the asparagus crude fiber comprises the following steps:
Pulverizing old asparagus stems, and soaking the crushed old asparagus stems in NaOH solution with the pH value of 10.0 for 2 hours at the temperature of 70 ℃, wherein the mass volume ratio of the asparagus stems powder to the NaOH solution is 1g:8mL, after soaking, sequentially adding cellulase accounting for 1% of the weight of the asparagus old stem powder, carrying out enzymolysis for 2h at 55 ℃, inactivating enzyme, then adding trypsin accounting for 0.05% of the weight of the asparagus old stem powder, carrying out enzymolysis for 1h at 50 ℃, inactivating enzyme, and discarding supernatant to obtain the asparagus crude fiber.
Example 5
The method for extracting the asparagus crude fiber comprises the following steps:
Pulverizing old asparagus stems, and soaking the crushed old asparagus stems in NaOH solution with the pH value of 9.0 for 3 hours at the temperature of 60 ℃, wherein the mass volume ratio of the asparagus stems powder to the NaOH solution is 1g:10mL, after soaking, adding cellulase accounting for 3% of the weight of the asparagus old stem powder in sequence, carrying out enzymolysis for 2h at 55 ℃, and discarding supernatant after enzyme deactivation to obtain the asparagus crude fiber.
Example 6
The method for extracting the asparagus crude fiber comprises the following steps:
Pulverizing old asparagus stems, and soaking the crushed old asparagus stems in NaOH solution with the pH value of 9.0 for 3 hours at the temperature of 60 ℃, wherein the mass volume ratio of the asparagus stems powder to the NaOH solution is 1g: and (3) 10mL, after soaking, sequentially adding trypsin accounting for 0.6% of the weight of the asparagus old stem powder, carrying out enzymolysis for 2h at 60 ℃, and discarding the supernatant after enzyme deactivation to obtain the asparagus crude fiber.
The contents of the crude fibers of asparagus obtained by the various processes are shown in Table 2 below and in FIG. 2.
TABLE 2 content of crude fibers of asparagus (percent) obtained by various methods
| Experimental group | Example 1 | Example 4 | Example 5 | Example 6 |
| Content of crude fiber of asparagus (%) | 66.51 | 53.29 | 50.03 | 36.30 |
The data in the table show that in both the examples 1 and 4, the alkaline method and the enzyme method are adopted for treatment, and the enzyme preparations comprise cellulase and trypsin, after the treatment, the content of the prepared crude fiber of the asparagus is far higher than that of the crude fiber obtained by only adopting one enzyme preparation, in other words, the treatment of the stem of the asparagus by the cellulase and the trypsin is beneficial to better release of polysaccharide components wrapped by components such as protein, cellulose and the like in the stem, thereby improving the release amount of dietary fiber.
Claims (8)
1. The processing method for enhancing the oil adsorption capacity of the asparagus crude fiber powder is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, crushing old stems of asparagus, soaking the crushed old stems in alkali liquor, sequentially adding cellulase and trypsin, carrying out enzymolysis for 1-2 hours at 50-60 ℃, and discarding supernatant after enzyme deactivation to obtain crude asparagus fibers;
S2, drying the asparagus crude fiber obtained in the S1 until the moisture content is below 5%, and superfine grinding to 400-600 meshes to obtain asparagus crude fiber powder;
S3, rehydrating the asparagus crude fiber powder obtained in the S2, and then carrying out low-temperature treatment, wherein the low-temperature treatment is operated as follows: sealing the re-hydrated asparagus crude fiber powder, standing for 4-6 hours under the refrigeration condition of 0-6 ℃, and then transferring to the condition of-20 to-16 ℃ for 1-3 days to obtain asparagus crude fiber freeze-dried powder;
S4, naturally thawing the asparagus crude fiber freeze-dried powder subjected to the low-temperature treatment in the step S3, and drying the obtained material to the water content of less than or equal to 7% by combining hot air and microwaves after the steam explosion treatment, so as to obtain the asparagus crude fiber powder with strong grease adsorption capacity.
2. The processing method for enhancing the oil adsorption capacity of the asparagus crude fiber powder according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the mass volume ratio of the asparagus old stem powder to the NaOH solution is 1g: 6-10 mL, the alkaline leaching temperature is 50-70 ℃, the pH is 9.0-10.0, and the alkaline leaching time is 1-3 h.
3. The processing method for enhancing the oil adsorption capacity of the crude asparagus fiber powder according to claim 1, wherein in S1, the addition amount of cellulase accounts for 0.3% -5% of the weight of the raw materials of the old asparagus stems, and the addition amount of trypsin accounts for 0.05% -0.6% of the weight of the raw materials of the old asparagus stems.
4. The processing method for enhancing the oil adsorption capacity of the crude asparagus fiber powder according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the crude asparagus fiber powder obtained in the step S2 is soaked in water until the compound water content of the crude asparagus fiber powder is 25-45% of the mass of the crude asparagus fiber powder.
5. The processing method for enhancing the oil adsorption capacity of the crude asparagus fiber powder according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the re-hydrated crude asparagus fiber powder is sealed, is kept stand for 4-6 hours under the refrigerating condition of 0-4 ℃, and is then transferred to the condition of-20 to-18 ℃ for 2d, so that the freeze-dried crude asparagus fiber powder is obtained.
6. The processing method for enhancing the oil adsorption capacity of the crude asparagus fiber powder according to claim 1, wherein in the step S4, the ratio of the volume of the material to the total volume of the material cavity is maintained to be 4-7: 8, the pressure of steam explosion is 0.8-1.8 MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 40-180 s.
7. The processing method for enhancing the oil adsorption capacity of the asparagus crude fiber powder according to claim 1, wherein in the step S4, the hot air and microwave combined drying treatment specifically comprises the following steps: firstly, carrying out microwave drying treatment on the materials, then, transferring the materials into a hot air drying oven for continuous drying until the water content of the materials is less than or equal to 7%, wherein the power of microwave drying is 400-1500W, the microwave drying time is 3-10 min, and the temperature of hot air drying is 40-90 ℃.
8. The application of the asparagus crude fiber powder prepared by the processing method according to claim 1 in preparing weight-reducing products, wherein the asparagus crude fiber powder accounts for 20-30% of the total weight of the weight-reducing products.
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