CN118042943A - 用于递送益生菌的剂型 - Google Patents
用于递送益生菌的剂型 Download PDFInfo
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- CN118042943A CN118042943A CN202280064737.2A CN202280064737A CN118042943A CN 118042943 A CN118042943 A CN 118042943A CN 202280064737 A CN202280064737 A CN 202280064737A CN 118042943 A CN118042943 A CN 118042943A
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- bifidobacterium
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- bifidobacteria
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Abstract
本发明提供了组合物和用于向婴儿口服递送含有双歧杆菌的组合物的方法。该组合物能够预装载到人造乳头或橡皮奶头中或直接放置到人造乳头或橡皮奶头上,并且还能够直接施用到护理者的皮肤和/或该婴儿的齿龈、牙齿或面颊中的一者。本发明的组合物以软凝胶填充物、可溶解或可崩解的片剂或粉末或半固体形式提供,并在25℃和65%相对湿度下储存时稳定至少24个月。
Description
技术领域
本发明整体涉及用于向患者递送有效量的包括双歧杆菌的益生菌的剂型和方法。
背景技术
益生菌是当食用或应用于身体时预期具有健康益处的活的微生物。可以施用益生菌来解决多种健康状况,包括婴儿消化健康、绞痛和睡眠。益生菌也越来越多地用于支持免疫健康和预防特应性疾病,包括特应性皮炎和食物过敏(Sestito等人,Front.inPediatr.2020年12月22日;Henrick等人,Cell 2021年7月22日,184(15):第1-15页)。
益生菌存在于婴儿配方食品、补充剂以及婴幼儿或儿童食品中。这些益生菌通常由双歧杆菌组成,包括物种长双歧杆菌(B.longum)、短双歧杆菌(B.breve)、两歧双歧杆菌(B.bifidum)、假链双歧杆菌(B.pseudocatenulatum)、球双歧杆菌(B.globosum)、青春双歧杆菌(B.adolescentis)、穆卡拉巴双歧杆菌(B.moukalabense)、路氏双歧杆菌(B.reuteri)、假长双歧杆菌(B.pseudolongum)、齿双歧杆菌(B.dentium)、链双歧杆菌(B.catenulatum)、B.sp002742445、细毛双歧杆菌(B.callitrichos)、斯卡都威双歧杆菌(B.scardovii)、蒂西双歧杆菌(B.tissieri)、细长双歧杆菌(B.subtile)、鸡双歧杆菌(B.gallinarum)、小猪双歧杆菌(B.choerinum)、角双歧杆菌(B.angulatum)、初级双歧杆菌(B.primatium)、肌酸双歧杆菌(B.myosotis)、蒙古双歧杆菌(B.mongoliense)、反刍双歧杆菌(B.merycicum)、狐猴双歧杆菌(B.lemurum)、斯泰伦博斯双歧杆菌(B.stellenboschense)、鳞双歧杆菌(B.scaligerum)、仙人掌双歧杆菌(B.saguini)、小鸡双歧杆菌(B.pullorum)、费地双歧杆菌(B.felsineum)、真双歧杆菌(B.eulemuris)、兔双歧杆菌(B.cuniculi)、细毛双歧杆菌_A(B.callitrichos_A)、双乳双歧杆菌(B.biavatii)、鹅双歧杆菌(B.anseris)、凡氏双歧杆菌(B.vansinderenii)、B.sp900551485、B.sp003952945、B.sp003952025、B.sp003952005、猿双歧杆菌(B.simiarum)、假长双歧杆菌_C(B.pseudolongum_C)、帕尔马双歧杆菌(B.parmae)、马氏双歧杆菌(B.margollesii)、克氏双歧杆菌_A(B.kashiwanohense_A)、意大利双歧杆菌(B.italicum)、皇狨猴双歧杆菌(B.imperatoris)、环状双歧杆菌(B.cricetid)、猫双歧杆菌(B.catulorum)、软毛双歧杆菌(B.callitrichidarum)、动物双歧杆菌(B.animalis)、鸡双歧杆菌(B.aesculapii)、以及它们的组合。这是因为某些双歧杆菌具有分解在人乳中发现的复合低聚糖的能力(参见美国专利8,198,872号和美国公布2013/01958031号;Sela等人,2008,PNAS,105(48):第18964-18969页)。合适的双歧杆菌可以是具有至少一个人乳低聚糖(HMO)基因簇的那些双歧杆菌。
可以将来自双歧杆菌生产的发酵产物浓缩并冷冻干燥以提供浓缩的粉末。该粉末可以被包装在小袋中或悬浮在食用油中。美国专利10,716,8176号描述了一种获得活性双歧杆菌组合物的方法。
含有益生菌的产品的一个示例是购自Abbott(Abbott Park,IL)的益生菌三元共混物,该三元共混物是含有乳双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium lactis)、婴儿双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium infantis)和嗜热链球菌(Streptococcus thermophilus)的粉末。另一个示例是购自Evolve BioSystems(Davis,CA)的/>其含有婴儿双歧杆菌。Evivo可作为粉末或中链甘油三酯油(MCT油)悬浮液获得。
双歧杆菌和其他益生菌的效力随时间的推移而下降,并且这种下降可能是由暴露于某些温度、水分和氧气引起。这导致产品的“保质期”或有效期短并在配制、运输和储存方面存在困难和费用。许多当前的益生菌使用冷链运输系统运输,因为益生菌从生产到递送到患者必须保持在25摄氏度(77华氏度)或低于25摄氏度(77华氏度)。因此,持续需要对水分和氧气具有抗性并且可以更容易运输和储存的益生菌剂型。
当与益生元、维生素或补充剂和/或食物过敏原或食物引入产品共同施用时,双歧杆菌和其他益生菌可能对它们的预期目的最有效。因此,持续需要包括益生菌和一种或多种附加组分两者的稳定剂型和/或包括益生菌和一种或多种附加组分两者的试剂盒。
发明内容
可以将本发明的双歧杆菌和/或双歧杆菌与其他益生菌的组合掺入到几种不同类型的剂型中。这些形式包括软明胶胶囊或软凝胶,其中将双歧杆菌在包封于基于明胶的壳或胶囊中之前掺入到填充材料中。壳也可以由溶解在除明胶以外的液体中的壳材料组成,诸如聚合物或衍生自淀粉的那些。适用于壳的聚合物可包括羟丙甲纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、支链淀粉和甲基纤维素。软凝胶可包括拧开部分、盖子或特征部以便于打开,从而暴露填充物以供直接摄取、掺入到食物或其他可食用介质中,或施用到护理者的皮肤,施用到婴儿的口腔、面颊或齿龈或施用到递送装置(诸如人造乳头或橡皮奶头)的表面。
双歧杆菌也可以掺入到可食用半固体中以供摄取或直接施用到皮肤。该可食用半固体可以是乳液、局部凝胶、乳膏、糊剂、软膏或香脂的形式并掺入至少一种脂质材料。该可食用半固体可以是完全无水的。在特定应用中,将半固体施用到皮肤以在婴儿护理期间摄取双歧杆菌。该施用方法可包括不同的步骤。组合物可以直接施用到护理者或父母的乳头或周围皮肤区域。组合物还可以在液体诸如婴儿配方食品或母乳中混合或稀释,随后施用到乳头或周围皮肤区域。组合物还可以被施用或预施用,例如装载到橡皮奶头或人造乳头中以供摄取。在另一个应用中,橡皮奶头或人造乳头可包含组合物的一部分,诸如益生元,其中益生菌以单独的部分施用。该单独的部分可以通过直接口服施用于婴儿,或通过施用到乳头、周围皮肤或手指来提供。在其他特定应用中,可以将局部凝胶放置在护理者的手指上并直接施用到婴儿的齿龈或面颊。
双歧杆菌还可以掺入到基本上不含乳糖的固体粉末或片剂中。如本文所定义,不含乳糖或无乳糖被定义为按该形式的重量计小于1.0%,例如小于0.2%的乳糖。本发明的固体剂型还可包括分散片剂,或可以放置到液体介质中并在施用之前溶解的片剂。本发明的固体剂型还可包括可溶解片剂,该可溶解片剂可以在施用之前溶解在液体或半固体介质中。其他固体剂型包括粉末组合物,该粉末组合物可以在施用之前直接掺入到液体或半固体介质中。这些粉末组合物可以在施用之前以单独剂量形式包装在小袋、袋、瓶或泡罩中。粉末组合物还可以掺入硬壳胶囊中或可溶解的胶囊壳内,该硬壳胶囊或可溶解的胶囊壳可以手动打开或在施用之前溶解在液体或半固体中。用于掺入组合物或本发明的目的的半固体可包括乳膏、油、或包含水果和蔬菜的浓浆或混合食品。
对于不含乳糖的固体剂型,可以使用替代的惰性粉末载体。合适的惰性粉末载体包括淀粉、纤维素、糖和糖醇。
在一些示例中,将双歧杆菌掺入到含有抗氧化剂诸如维生素C、维生素E、β-胡萝卜素、半胱氨酸、没食子酸丙酯、丁基化羟基甲苯(BHT)的剂型中。
在一些示例中,含有双歧杆菌的剂型包括益生元,诸如低聚糖或合成等同物。
在一些示例中,含有双歧杆菌的剂型包括维生素、补充剂或矿物质。
在一些示例中,含有双歧杆菌的剂型包括食物过敏原或食物引入产品,诸如选自牛乳、鸡蛋、花生、小麦、大豆、芝麻、鱼、贝类和树坚果的过敏原。
通过下文对本发明的详细描述,本发明的这些和其他特征和优点将变得显而易见。
具体实施方式
背景以及说明书全篇中引用或描述了各种出版物、文章和专利;这些参考文献中的每一者全文均以引用方式并入本文。本说明书中包括的对文件、行为、材料、装置、文章等的讨论旨在为本发明提供上下文。此类讨论并不是承认这些事项中的任一事项或全部事项均相对于所公开或受权利要求书保护的任何发明形成现有技术的一部分。
除非另有定义,否则本文使用的所有技术和科学术语的含义与本发明所属领域的普通技术人员通常所理解的含义相同。否则,本文所用的某些术语具有本说明书中所述的含义。
如本文所用,术语“益生菌”是指当以足够的量施用时赋予宿主健康益处的活微生物。这些益生菌菌株通常具有在通过消化道上部时存活的能力。它们是非致病性的、无毒的,并且一方面经由与消化道中的常驻菌群的生态相互作用,另一方面经由它们积极影响免疫系统的能力,发挥其对健康的有益作用。根据益生菌的组成,当以足够数量给予时,这些微生物具有通过肠道生存的能力,然而它们不会穿过肠道屏障,因此它们的主要作用是在胃肠道的腔和/或壁中诱导的。然后它们在施用期期间形成常驻菌群的一部分。这种定植(或短暂定植)允许益生菌微生物发挥有益作用,诸如抑制存在于菌群中的潜在致病性微生物以及与肠道免疫系统的相互作用。
如本文所用,术语“有效量”意指足以诱导期望效果的量。术语“安全量”意指足够低以避免严重副作用的量。化合物、提取物或组合物的安全和/或有效量将随着例如最终使用者的年龄、健康和环境暴露状况,治疗的持续时间和性质,采用的特定提取物、成分或组合物,以及所用的具体药学上可接受的载体等因素而变化。
如本文所用,“实质上不含”或“基本上不含”成分意指含有小于0.1重量%或小于0.01重量%的成分或不含成分。除非另外指明,否则用于表达成分的量的百分比为重量百分比(称为“重量%”、“wt%”、“重量%”或“%(w/体积)”)。类似地,用于表达成分的相对比例的重量比也使用重量百分比来确定(即,通过将一种成分与另一种成分的重量百分比相除来计算重量比)。
组合物
双歧杆菌菌种可包括长双歧杆菌、短双歧杆菌、两歧双歧杆菌、假链双歧杆菌、球双歧杆菌、青春双歧杆菌、穆卡拉巴双歧杆菌、路氏双歧杆菌、假长双歧杆菌、齿双歧杆菌、链双歧杆菌、B.sp002742445、细毛双歧杆菌、斯卡都威双歧杆菌、蒂西双歧杆菌、细长双歧杆菌、鸡双歧杆菌、小猪双歧杆菌、角双歧杆菌、初级双歧杆菌、肌酸双歧杆菌、蒙古双歧杆菌、反刍双歧杆菌、狐猴双歧杆菌、斯泰伦博斯双歧杆菌、鳞双歧杆菌、仙人掌双歧杆菌、小鸡双歧杆菌、费地双歧杆菌、真双歧杆菌、兔双歧杆菌、细毛双歧杆菌_A、双乳双歧杆菌、鹅双歧杆菌、凡氏双歧杆菌、B.sp900551485、B.sp003952945、B.sp003952025、B.sp003952005、猿双歧杆菌、假长双歧杆菌_C、帕尔马双歧杆菌、马氏双歧杆菌、克氏双歧杆菌_A、意大利双歧杆菌、皇狨猴双歧杆菌、环状双歧杆菌、猫双歧杆菌、软毛双歧杆菌、动物双歧杆菌、鸡双歧杆菌、以及它们的组合。
双歧杆菌可以被配制成易于使用并允许一致给药的组合物。可以将来自双歧杆菌生产的发酵产物浓缩并冷冻干燥以提供浓缩的粉末。组合物每克干重可含有约100万、5亿、10亿、20亿、30亿、40亿、50亿、60亿、70亿、80亿、90亿、100亿或120亿至约80亿、90亿、100亿、200亿、300亿、400亿、500亿、600亿、700亿、800亿、900亿、1000亿、2000亿、2500亿或5000亿菌落形成单位数(CFU)的双歧杆菌。
双歧杆菌也可以与益生元一起配制。如本文所用,术语“益生元”是指对宿主不可消化但可以被微生物代谢并且一旦代谢可以促进该微生物在宿主内生长的物质。益生元是指允许胃肠微生物群中的组成成分和/或活性发生特定变化的成分。在一些示例中,益生元可以是可食用的食物或饮料或其成分。益生元可包括复合碳水化合物、氨基酸、肽、矿物质或用于细菌组合物存活的其他必需营养组分。益生元包括但不限于氨基酸、生物素、低聚果糖、低聚半乳糖、半纤维素(例如,阿糖基木聚糖、木聚糖、木葡聚糖和葡甘露聚糖)、菊粉、几丁质、乳果糖、甘露寡糖、富低聚果糖菊粉、树胶(例如,瓜尔胶、阿拉伯树胶和卡瑞根胶(carregenaan))、低聚果糖、低聚葡糖、塔格糖、抗性麦芽糖糊精(例如,抗性淀粉)、反式低聚半乳糖、果胶(例如,木糖半乳糖醛酸聚糖、柑橘果胶、苹果果胶和鼠李半乳糖醛酸聚糖-I)、膳食纤维(例如,大豆纤维、甜菜纤维、豌豆纤维、玉米麸和燕麦纤维)、低聚木糖和任何其他由以糖苷键连接的多个单糖组成的聚糖或化合物。
可以被双歧杆菌代谢的益生元包括低聚糖。如本文所用,术语“低聚糖”是指含有2至20个、2至10个、3至20个或3至10个单糖单元的糖聚合物。低聚糖可以是在哺乳动物乳(例如,人或牛)中天然存在的那些,称为人乳低聚糖、人乳聚糖或“HMO”。可以合成低聚糖。有许多可商购获得的HMO,包括由DSM Nutritional Products AG提供的GlycanTM产品。可以被双歧杆菌代谢的益生元还包括在结构上与天然HMO不同但在功能上等同的合成分子,诸如乳糖-N-四糖(LNT)和2′-岩藻糖基乳糖(2′-FL)。
含有双歧杆菌的组合物也可含有辅助组分。此类辅助组分是本领域中常用的那些,并且可以选自代谢物、流平剂或它们的组合。流平剂的示例包括淀粉、二氧化硅、纤维素、碳酸氢钠、硅酸钙等。辅助组分也可以是乳蛋白或成分。辅助组分可包括乳糖。即,在此类示例中,双歧杆菌是与乳糖及其衍生物混合的粉末形式。乳糖衍生物可包括乳果糖、乳糖醇、乳糖酸、低聚半乳糖(GOS)、乳糖一水合物和塔格糖。
组合物还可以基本上不含乳糖以减轻乳糖敏感性。合适的乳糖替代物包括淀粉、纤维素、糖和糖醇。
含有双歧杆菌的组合物还可含有抗氧化剂。抗氧化剂的示例包括维生素C、维生素E、β-胡萝卜素、半胱氨酸、没食子酸丙酯、丁基化羟基甲苯(BHT)。含有抗氧化剂的组合物的最终形式可以是本领域已知的任何形式。如上所述,双歧杆菌可以是粉末形式的干燥形式(例如,喷雾干燥或冷冻干燥)。所述粉末可以以囊袋、小袋、片剂、食料、胶囊、锭剂、片剂、混悬剂、干燥形式等给药。
组合物的最终形式可另外包含维生素、补充剂或矿物质。合适的维生素、补充剂和矿物质可包括但不限于维生素B、维生素C、维生素D、维生素E、维生素K、铁、ω-3脂肪酸(诸如二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA))、必需脂肪酸、镁盐、钙盐和钾盐。
组合物的最终形式可另外包含食物过敏原或食品引入产品。合适的食物过敏原包括牛奶、鸡蛋、花生、小麦、大豆、芝麻、鱼、贝类和树坚果。
组合物的最终形式可以在25℃和65%相对湿度(RH)下储存时稳定长达至少24个月,或在25℃和65%相对湿度(RH)处储存时稳定长达至少12个月,或在25℃和65%相对湿度(RH)下储存时稳定长达至少6个月,或在40℃和75%相对湿度(RH)下储存时稳定长达至少3个月,或在40℃和75%相对湿度(RH)下储存时稳定长达至少1个月,或在50℃下储存时稳定长达至少6个月。
组合物的最终形式可以不包含添加的糖,或者可以基本上不含添加的糖,或者被定义为包含“无添加的糖”。如果将益生元添加到组合物中并且其中益生元部分包含碳水化合物或糖,则益生菌部分可以是单独的并且可以不包含添加的糖或基本上不含添加的糖。
组合物的最终形式的赋形剂可以直接衍生自植物或直接来源于植物,从而被定义为“基于植物的”。组合物的最终形式的赋形剂还可以来源于非转基因生物(“非GMO”)。组合物的最终形式的至少95%的赋形剂可以是基于植物的或非GMO。
乳液或可食用半固体
含有双歧杆菌的乳液或半固体组合物还可含有适用于需要改善皮肤屏障功能和保湿性的皮肤或用于舒缓或保护免受皮肤刺激的成分,诸如透明质酸、甘油、凡士林和丙二醇。如本文所用,“需要改善皮肤屏障功能和保湿性的皮肤”意指但不限于缺乏水分、缺乏皮脂、破裂、干燥、发痒、鳞屑、干皮、脱水、缺乏柔韧性、缺乏光彩、无光泽或缺乏脂质的皮肤。
各种油可以用作包含双歧杆菌的乳液或可食用半固体组合物内的载体。载体可包括但不限于植物油、鱼油、橄榄油、大豆油、坚果油、矿物油和鳄梨油。另外的载体包括山嵛酸甘油酯和硬脂酸甘油酯。在食用油的组合物中,组合物可包含5重量%至95重量%的载体,例如30重量%至约90重量%的载体。
如本文所用,术语“乳化剂”是指有助于防止成分(诸如油和水)在乳液中分离的成分。组合物可包含乳化剂,诸如蜡、蜂蜡、微晶蜡、卵磷脂、酯(PGE)、聚山梨醇酯、硬脂酰乳酸酯、丙二醇酯(PGMS)和蔗糖酯。
本发明的乳液或可食用半固体可以添加到软凝胶中。软凝胶可以用于直接施用、在液体中重构、或作为载体施用于皮肤表面。在一些示例中,软凝胶形式具有拧开部分、盖子或特征部,以便暴露乳液或可食用半固体填充物以供直接摄取、掺入到食物或其他可食用介质中,或施用到护理者的皮肤,施用到婴儿的口腔、面颊或齿龈或施用到递送装置(诸如人造乳头或橡皮奶头)的表面。
包含婴儿双歧杆菌的组合物部分可以以纳米乳液或包衣颗粒的形式提供,以便保护婴儿双歧杆菌免受氧气、水或周围组合物的影响。合适的包衣技术包括微胶囊化组合物,诸如在美国专利11,433,107中记载的那些,该专利以引用方式记载在本文中。合适的纳米乳液组合物包括但不限于美国专利8,993,019中记载的那些类型,该专利以引用方式记载在本文中。
固体形式
可以将双歧杆菌添加到组合物中并以固体形式递送。如本文所用,“固体形式”可以定义为口腔崩解片、可溶解片剂或粉末组合物。固体形式可以直接施用于婴儿,或在施用之前溶解或混合在另一种组合物(诸如液体或半固体)中。
固体形式可包含各种赋形剂。合适的赋形剂的示例包括但不限于:填充剂、吸附剂、崩解剂、润滑剂、助流剂、甜味剂、超级崩解剂、矫味剂和芳香剂、抗氧化剂、防腐剂、结构增强剂以及它们的混合物。上述成分中的一种或多种可存在于粉末共混物的同一颗粒上。
合适的填充剂包括但不限于:碳水化合物(如本文所讨论)和水不溶性塑性变形材料(例如,微晶纤维素或其他纤维素衍生物)以及它们的混合物。
合适的崩解剂包括但不限于:羟基乙酸淀粉钠、交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、交联羧甲基纤维素、淀粉类、微晶纤维素以及它们的混合物。
合适的润滑剂包括但不限于:长链脂肪酸以及它们的盐(例如硬脂酸镁和硬脂酸)、滑石、甘油酯、蜡以及它们的混合物。
合适的助流剂包括但不限于胶态二氧化硅。
甜味剂的示例包括但不限于合成糖或天然糖;人造甜味剂,诸如糖精、糖精钠、天冬甜素、安赛蜜、索马甜、甘草素、三氯蔗糖、二氢查尔酮、阿力甜、奇异果素、应乐果甜蛋白和甜菊糖;糖醇,诸如山梨醇、甘露糖醇、甘油、乳糖醇、麦芽糖醇和木糖醇;从甘蔗和糖用甜菜提取的糖(蔗糖)、右旋糖(也称为葡萄糖)、果糖(也称为左旋糖)和乳糖(也称为奶糖);异麦芽酮糖醇、其盐以及它们的混合物。
超级崩解剂的示例包括但不限于:交联羧甲基纤维素钠、羟基乙酸淀粉钠和交联聚维酮(交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮)。在一个实施方案中,片剂含有至多约5重量%的这种超级崩解剂。
风味剂和芳香剂的示例包括但不限于:包含醇类、酯类、醛类和内酯类的香精油,包括短切花、叶、皮或全果浆的蒸馏物、溶剂萃取物或冷压榨物;香精,包括香精油的稀释溶液、或通过共混以匹配果实(例如草莓、树莓和黑醋栗)的天然风味的合成化学物混合物;啤酒和烈酒(例如科涅克白兰地酒、威士忌酒、浪姆酒、杜松子酒、雪利酒、波尔特酒和葡萄酒)的人造和天然风味剂;烟草、咖啡、茶、可可和薄荷;果汁,包括从洗擦过的水果例如柠檬、橙和酸橙压榨的汁;留兰香、胡椒薄荷、冬青、肉桂、可可、香子兰、甘草、薄荷醇、桉树、八角、坚果(例如花生、椰子、榛子、栗子、核桃、可拉果)、杏仁、葡萄干;以及粉末、粉状物或植物材料部分,包括量不会明显提升尼古丁水平的烟草植株部分(例如、烟草属),以及姜。
抗氧化剂的示例包括但不限于:生育酚、抗坏血酸、焦亚硫酸钠、丁基羟基甲苯、丁基化羟基苯甲醚、依地酸和依地酸盐、以及它们的混合物。
防腐剂的示例包括但不限于:柠檬酸、酒石酸、乳酸、苹果酸、乙酸、苯甲酸和山梨酸以及它们的混合物。
在一个实施方案中,固体形式含有至少一种碳水化合物。碳水化合物可以有助于片剂的溶解性和口感,有助于将可熔粘结剂分布在更宽的表面积上,并稀释和缓冲药物活性剂。碳水化合物的示例包括但不限于水溶性可压缩碳水化合物,诸如糖(例如,右旋糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖、异麦芽糖和乳糖)、淀粉(例如,玉米淀粉)、糖醇(例如,甘露糖醇、山梨糖醇、麦芽糖醇、赤藓糖醇、乳糖醇和木糖醇)和淀粉水解产物(例如,糊精和麦芽糖糊精)。
包装
组合物的最终形式可以被包装成泡罩、瓶、小瓶或小袋,并且可以在氮气下被包装。另选地,可以将组合物包装到分配器中,该分配器不允许组合物与氧气或空气接触,或者允许在分配时引入空气。这种类型的分配可以用分配器来实现,诸如由Aptar公司(Aptarinc)提供的那些分配器,其以它们的“无空气”泵技术销售,也记载在美国专利11,213,843中,并以引用方式记载在本文中。
假想例-软凝胶
表1:软凝胶填充制剂
成分 | 批量重量(g) | Mg/剂量 |
婴儿双歧杆菌(用聚二硬脂酸二甘油酯单层包被) | 8B CFU* | |
大豆油 | 893.0 | 350.0 |
大豆卵磷脂 | 5.1 | 2.0 |
蜂蜡 | 102.0 | 40.0 |
总计 | 1000.0 | 392.0 |
*相当于每剂80亿CFU计数;不包括在批量重量中
1.婴儿双歧杆菌根据意大利专利申请RM2009A000104中描述的方法用聚甘油二硬脂酸酯(Plurol Stearique WL1009)进行单层包被
2.对于悬浮液,蜂蜡在约65℃下的大豆油中融化。然后将大豆卵磷脂添加到混合物中,并将合并的制剂在小于或约25℃下冷却。
3.将微胶囊化的益生菌悬浮在大豆油、蜂蜡和大豆卵磷脂的冷却悬浮制剂中,并在小于25℃下混合10分钟。
4.将混合的填充物研磨,同时保持温度低于25℃达10分钟,同时在真空和氮气下以防止制剂氧化。
5.然后使用标准旋转模具包封机如下将经研磨的填充物包封在软明胶胶囊中:将经研磨的填充物和壳材料装载到与机器连接的单独的接收器中。该机器由熔融的壳材料制成两条固体带状物带,将其冷却并用中链甘油三酯和卵磷脂的混合物润滑。将带引导到两个旋转模具的位置中,该旋转模具具有形成胶囊所需尺寸和形状的特定凹穴。相对模具的连续反向旋转在接触模具的两个带状物之间形成密封,同时将填充材料同时注入如此形成的胶囊的主体中。模具的连续旋转将新形成的胶囊从带状物上切割下来。
假想例-半固体
表2:可食用半固体制剂
成分 | 批量重量(g) | Mg/剂量 |
婴儿双歧杆菌* | 8B CFU* | |
椰子油 | 450.0 | 225.0 |
乳木果油 | 450.0 | 225.0 |
玉米淀粉 | 100.0 | 50.0 |
总计 | 1000.0 | 500.0 |
*相当于每剂80亿CFU计数;不包括在批量重量中
共混:如下制备共混物(根据表2中的配方):
1.将椰子油、乳木果油添加到合适的容器中并在60℃处预混直至充分均匀。添加玉米淀粉,同时以100RPM混合。
2.将混合物冷却至25℃
3.将婴儿双歧杆菌添加到来自步骤2的混合物中并在25℃处以相对低的速度(小于100RPM)混合直至均匀。
4.将共混物在氮气下添加到单独的小瓶中并盖上盖子。
假想例-可溶解/可崩解的压制片剂
表3:可溶解/可崩解片剂制剂A
*相当于每剂80亿CFU计数;不包括在批量重量中
可溶解/可崩解片剂配方A
部分A:共混:如下制备共混物(根据表3中的配方):
1.将乳糖一水合物和一部分Pearlitol Flash在V形混合器中预混直至充分均匀。Pearlitol Flash可从Roquette Corporation商购获得。
2.除了硬脂酸镁和一小部分Pearlitol Flash外,添加包括婴儿双歧杆菌的其他材料并将其再共混一段时间。
3.将硬脂酸镁和剩余的Pearlitol Flash通过30目筛,并且添加并再共混5分钟。
部分B:压制:使用圆形工具将共混物压制成片剂,硬度为5.0kP
表4:可溶解/可崩解片剂制剂B(不含乳糖)
*菌落形成单位数
可溶解/可崩解片剂配方B(不含乳糖)
部分A:共混:如下制备共混物(根据表4中的配方):
1.将甘露糖醇、三氯蔗糖、乙酰舒泛钾、羟丙基纤维素、矫味剂和婴儿双歧杆菌通过60目筛以使材料破除团块。
2.将来自步骤1的材料放置到合适的V形混合器中并共混10分钟。
3.将硬脂酸镁通过30目筛进行过筛,并且添加并再共混5分钟。将最终的共混物放入塑料袋中。
部分B:压制:使用圆形工具将共混物压制成片剂,硬度为5.0kP。
双歧杆菌或双歧杆菌与其他组分的组合的施用
如本文所用,术语“施用”是指作为婴儿喂养程序的一部分向婴儿提供给定剂量的双歧杆菌(即,其用作食物补充剂)。双歧杆菌可以以所提供的剂型向婴儿施用或在向婴儿施用双歧杆菌之前与任何能被婴儿食用的介质混合,该介质包括母乳、婴儿配方食品、水或食物。
在施用之前与介质混合的情况下,可以将双歧杆菌混合到母乳中。另选地,在将双歧杆菌施用于母乳喂养的婴儿之前,可以将双歧杆菌混合到婴儿配方食品中。将双歧杆菌与足够的婴儿配方食品或母乳混合,使得婴儿能够完全吸收双歧杆菌并且使得婴儿仍然可能并且能够食用全部剂量的双歧杆菌。因此,在向母乳喂养的婴儿施用双歧杆菌之前,可以将双歧杆菌与约3mL至约5mL的母乳或婴儿配方食品混合。双歧杆菌组合物可以通过任何合适的方式混合,包括将组合物与介质(例如,婴儿配方食品、母乳、水)在碗中简单地搅拌(或任何其他合适的方式以获得混合物)。然后可以通过任何合适的方式将与婴儿配方食品或母乳混合的组合物喂给婴儿。喂养婴儿的合适方式包括使用喂食注射器、匙或瓶。当婴儿更可能饥饿时,可以在喂养婴儿之前施用双歧杆菌,这被认为增加了婴儿食用全部剂量的可能性。
双歧杆菌剂型可以在不与母乳、配方食品或水混合的情况下直接施用于婴儿。可以将双歧杆菌剂型在母乳喂养之前直接施用到母亲的皮肤。可以将双歧杆菌剂型在喂食之前直接施用到奶瓶奶嘴或橡皮奶头。可以将双歧杆菌剂型施用到手指或柔性给药装置并直接施用在婴儿口腔内的齿龈或面颊上。
组合物还可以被施用或预施用,例如装载到安抚橡皮奶头或人造乳头中以供摄取。在另一个应用中,橡皮奶头或人造乳头可包含组合物的一部分,诸如益生元,其中益生菌以单独的部分施用。该单独的部分可以通过直接口服施用于婴儿,或通过施用到乳头、周围皮肤或手指来提供。
可以根据需要选择剂量和给药频率。例如,双歧杆菌可以每天施用一次。在此类示例中,每天一次的剂量可含有约50亿-150亿或约80亿CFU。还考虑将总的期望剂量分成更小的剂量。示例可包括全天数次的较小剂量(例如,每天2、3、4或5次)。
每天给予的总剂量可以在约100万、5亿、10亿、20亿、30亿、40亿、50亿、60亿、70亿、80亿、90亿、100亿或120亿至约80亿、90亿、100亿、200亿、300亿、400亿、500亿、600亿、700亿、800亿、900亿、1000亿、2000亿、2500亿或5000亿菌落形成单位数(CFU)的双歧杆菌的范围内。每天给予的总剂量可以在约50亿至约150亿CFU的范围内,或为约80亿CFU。此类总剂量值可以在一个剂量中给出。
双歧杆菌可以在生命的第1天、第2天、第3天、第4天、第5天、第6天或第一周开始施用,或在生命的前2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11或12周内开始施用,或在生命的前3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11或12个月开始施用。如本文所用,术语“生命的”意指出生后。一旦开始,可以继续施用双歧杆菌直至生命的第4周、第5周、第6周、第7周、第8周、第9周、第10周、第11周、第12周,或直至生命的第3个月、第4个月、第5个月、第6个月、第7个月、第8个月、第9个月、第10个月、第11个月或第12个月。双歧杆菌可以在生命的前2周内首先施用。双歧杆菌可以在生命的前2周内首次施用,直至生命的第12周。
婴儿可以是母乳喂养的婴儿或配方食品喂养的婴儿或两者的组合。如本文所用,术语“母乳喂养”意指婴儿从人母乳中获得至少一些营养。婴儿可以吃奶,或者可以挤出母乳(例如,用泵或用手挤出)并给予婴儿。母乳喂养的婴儿可以是至少约50%、60%、75%、80%、90%或95%母乳喂养的。婴儿营养的其余部分可以来源于婴儿配方食品或其他食物。另选地,母乳喂养的婴儿可以完全母乳喂养。如本文所用,术语“完全母乳喂养”意指婴儿不接受婴儿配方食品,除了少量的婴儿配方食品可以用于与双歧杆菌混合并施用于婴儿的唯一目的。对于母乳喂养的婴儿,在生命的前3个月期间来自其他来源的任何热量贡献,包括药物、双歧杆菌组合物或任何用于递送双歧杆菌的介质等可以被认为是可忽略的。在配方食品喂养婴儿的情况下,双歧杆菌剂型含有益生元,诸如低聚糖。
虽然前述说明书表示本发明的示例性实施方案,但应当理解,在不脱离本发明的实质和范围的情况下,本文可以进行各种添加、修改和替换。具体地,本领域的技术人员应该清楚的是,不脱离本发明的实质或本质特征,本发明可以以其他具体形式、结构、布置、比例,以及用其他要素、材料和部件来实施。本领域的技术人员应当理解,本发明可与在本发明的实践中使用的结构、布置、比例、材料和部件等的许多修改使用,这些修改尤其能够适用于具体环境和操作要求,而不脱离本发明的原理。因此,当前公开的实施方案在各方面被认为是例示性的而非限制性的,本发明的范围由所附权利要求书指出,且不受前述描述的限制。应当理解在权利要求中,术语“包括/包括的”不排除其他要素或步骤。此外,单数形式的引用不排除复数。术语“一个”、“一种”“第一”、“第二”等不排除复数。
为了提供更简明的描述,本文给出的一些数量表述没有用术语“约”修饰。应当理解,无论是否明确地使用了术语“约”,本文所给出的每个量都意在指代实际的给定值,并且还意在指代由本领域的普通技术人员可合理推测出的这些给定值的近似值,包括这些给定值的由实验和/或测量条件所引起的近似值。
为了提供更简洁的描述,本文中一些定量表述被叙述为约X量至约Y量的范围。应当理解,当叙述范围时,所述范围并不限制于所叙述的上下界限,而应包括约X量至约Y量的整个范围或者其中的任何量或范围。
除非另外指明,否则所有百分比、份数和比率均基于本发明组合物的总重量计。除非另外指明,否则所有与所列成分相关的此类重量均基于所述特定成分的水平,因此不包括可能包含在可商购获得的材料中的载体或副产物。
Claims (25)
1.一种向婴儿口服递送含有婴儿双歧杆菌的组合物的方法,其中将所述组合物直接施用到护理者的皮肤。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述组合物还包含益生元。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中所述益生元是低聚糖。
4.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中所述益生元是天然低聚糖。
5.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中所述益生元是功能上等同于天然低聚糖的合成分子。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其中所述益生元是乳糖-N-四糖(LNT)或2′-岩藻糖基乳糖(2′-FL)。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述组合物不含乳糖。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述组合物还包含抗氧化剂。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述组合物还包含维生素、矿物质或补充剂。
10.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述组合物还包含食物过敏原。
11.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述组合物被包含在软凝胶中。
12.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述组合物是半固体。
13.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述组合物在25℃和65%相对湿度下储存时稳定至少3个月。
14.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述组合物在25℃和65%相对湿度下储存时稳定至少6个月。
15.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述组合物在25℃和65%相对湿度下储存时稳定至少12个月。
16.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述组合物在25℃和65%相对湿度下储存时稳定至少24个月。
17.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述组合物是无水的。
18.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述组合物还包含适用于需要改善皮肤屏障功能和/或保湿性的皮肤的成分。
19.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述组合物还包含适于舒缓受刺激的皮肤或保护免受皮肤刺激的成分。
20.一种向婴儿口服递送含有婴儿双歧杆菌的组合物的方法,其中经由护理者的手指将所述组合物施用到所述婴儿的齿龈、牙齿或面颊中的一者。
21.一种向婴儿口服递送含有婴儿双歧杆菌的组合物的方法,其中将所述组合物施用或预装载到人造乳头或橡皮奶头中。
22.一种向婴儿口服递送含有婴儿双歧杆菌的组合物的组合物,其中所述组合物是可溶解或可崩解的片剂。
23.根据权利要求22所述的组合物,所述组合物还包含益生元、食物过敏原和维生素、矿物质或补充剂中的一者或多者。
24.根据权利要求22所述的组合物,其中所述组合物在25℃和65%相对湿度下储存时稳定至少12个月。
25.根据权利要求22所述的组合物,其中所述组合物在25℃和65%相对湿度下储存时稳定至少24个月。
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