CN118028802A - Method and device for vacuum oscillation laser-induction composite cladding abradable seal coating - Google Patents
Method and device for vacuum oscillation laser-induction composite cladding abradable seal coating Download PDFInfo
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- CN118028802A CN118028802A CN202410183178.8A CN202410183178A CN118028802A CN 118028802 A CN118028802 A CN 118028802A CN 202410183178 A CN202410183178 A CN 202410183178A CN 118028802 A CN118028802 A CN 118028802A
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical group CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910009817 Ti3SiC2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052961 molybdenite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052982 molybdenum disulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910008484 TiSi Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002500 effect on skin Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000816 inconels 718 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004506 ultrasonic cleaning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005328 electron beam physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010285 flame spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007749 high velocity oxygen fuel spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
- C22C19/055—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being at least 20% but less than 30%
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/0047—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for vacuum oscillation laser-induction composite cladding abradable seal coating, wherein the method comprises the following steps: mixing the adhesive and nickel-based alloy powder according to a set mass ratio, uniformly coating the mixed powder on the surface of a substrate, and drying; extracting air in the molding cabin to make the cabin body in a vacuum environment; adjusting the distance between the induction heating coil and the surface of the substrate, and melting alloy powder to form a molten pool by utilizing oscillation laser-induction composite cladding in a vacuum environment, wherein the adhesive is volatilized at the moment, and the laser moves along a preset track so as to enable the molten alloy powder to be rapidly solidified and form a single-channel cladding coating; until the cladding of the nickel-based alloy abradable seal coating is completed. According to the invention, moS 2 and Ti 3SiC2 are added into nickel-based alloy powder, and the effective regulation and control of stirring intensity and convection in a molten pool are realized by utilizing a high-frequency oscillation laser beam in a vacuum environment, so that the prepared coating has excellent high-temperature oxidation resistance, antifriction and thermal fatigue resistance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of surface strengthening, and particularly relates to a method and a device for vacuum oscillation laser-induction composite cladding abradable seal coating.
Background
With the development of aerospace technology, aeroengines have higher requirements on thrust-weight ratio and fuel utilization rate. The smaller the clearance between the blade and the casing is, the more effectively radial air flow loss can be reduced, the engine efficiency can be improved, and meanwhile, the oil consumption can be reduced. However, during operation of the engine, the blades are elongated due to thermal expansion and centrifugal force, and friction with the casing is unavoidable, resulting in damage to the blades. The abradable seal coating is coated on the inner wall of the casing as a sacrificial coating, so that the occurrence of hard collision can be avoided, the blades can be effectively protected, and the airtight seal can be improved. The nickel-base alloy has high heat resistance strength, good plasticity, high-temperature oxidation resistance and gas corrosion resistance. In addition, self-lubricating phase materials (MAX phase materials, graphite, moS 2 and the like) are added into the nickel-based alloy, so that the nickel-based alloy keeps the excellent performance of the nickel-based alloy and reduces the friction coefficient and the wear rate. Therefore, the nickel-based alloy has wide application prospect in the abradable seal coating.
Currently, methods for preparing nickel-based alloy abradable seal coatings mainly include supersonic flame spraying (HVOF), low Pressure Plasma Spraying (PPS), electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD), laser Cladding (LC) techniques, and the like. Laser cladding is a method of forming a high performance coating by adding cladding material to the surface of a substrate and fusing it with a thin layer of the substrate surface using a high energy density laser beam. Compared with the other surface technologies, the prepared coating has metallurgical bonding with the base material, compact structure and excellent comprehensive performance. However, the cooling rate of laser cladding can reach 10 3-108 K/s, and larger residual stress exists in the cladding layer, so that the coating has high brittleness and high crack tendency. The laser-induction composite cladding technology is a novel technology for realizing composite formation of high-energy density laser beams and a high-frequency induction heating source, greatly improves the absorptivity of the base material to the laser beam energy, effectively reduces the temperature gradient in the cladding process, and can completely eliminate cladding layer cracks. However, in a molten pool formed on the surface of a substrate, the laser-induction composite cladding heat source has the problems of irreducible convection and turbulence, which cause the unavoidable existence of pores, tissue non-uniformity, performance anisotropy and the like in the coating.
The laser vibrating mirror changes the periodic movement of laser along a preset track by controlling the deflection of an optical lens in the lens group, and the high-frequency oscillation frequency can reach 2kHz, so that the effect of stirring a molten pool is achieved, and the melt diffusion, grain refinement and columnar crystal orientation equiaxial crystal transformation are effectively promoted. In a vacuum environment, almost no gas molecules react with the metal surface, so that the problems of oxidation reaction and pollution can be effectively avoided. In addition, the laser pool motion field (convection and turbulence) in a negative pressure state in a vacuum environment is completely different from the laser pool motion field in a normal pressure state, so that the microstructure growth characteristics of the cladding layer in the vacuum state can be effectively regulated and controlled. However, a vacuum high-frequency oscillation technology is introduced into a laser-induction composite cladding process, and under the condition that the processing efficiency is improved by 1-5 times compared with that of single laser cladding, crack-free high-performance preparation of the nickel-based alloy abradable seal coating is realized, which is not reported in the literature.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a method and a device for vacuum oscillation laser-induction composite cladding abradable seal coating, wherein MoS 2 and Ti 3SiC2 are added into nickel-based alloy coating components to be used as cooperative lubrication phases with different temperature gradients; replacing a conventional non-oscillating laser beam with a high-frequency oscillating laser beam, replacing a conventional inert gas environment with a vacuum environment, and introducing the high-frequency oscillating laser beam into a laser-induction composite cladding process; the convection of a molten pool is enhanced by the stirring effect generated by high-frequency oscillation of a laser beam, the stirring intensity and convection in the molten pool are effectively regulated and controlled in a vacuum environment, the uniformity of heat distribution in the molten pool is improved, and the purposes of refining grains, reducing the crack rate and the porosity, improving the toughness and eliminating the tissue non-uniformity and the performance anisotropy are achieved.
The first aim of the invention is to provide a method for vacuum oscillation laser-induction composite cladding abradable seal coating.
The second aim of the invention is to provide a device for vacuum oscillation laser-induction composite cladding of an abradable seal coating.
The first object of the present invention can be achieved by adopting the following technical scheme:
A method of vacuum oscillating laser-induction composite cladding an abradable seal coating, the method comprising:
S1: mixing the adhesive and nickel-based alloy powder according to a set mass ratio, uniformly coating the mixed powder on the surface of a substrate, and drying; wherein the chemical composition of the nickel-based alloy powder is ：Cr15～25wt.％、Al5～10wt.％、Si2～5wt.％、MoS20.5～5wt.％、Ti3SiC25～20wt.％、Y2O31～5wt.％、 and the balance is Ni;
s2: extracting air in the forming cabin to enable the cabin body to be in a vacuum environment;
S3: adjusting the distance between the induction heating coil and the surface of the substrate so that the substrate can be heated by effectively realizing the surface skin effect; wherein the temperature of the substrate which is heated by induction is 300-800 ℃;
S4: under a vacuum environment, the alloy powder is melted to form a molten pool by utilizing oscillation laser-induction composite cladding, at the moment, the adhesive is volatilized rapidly, and the laser moves along a preset track so as to enable the melted alloy powder to be solidified and solidified rapidly to form a single-channel cladding coating;
S5: and (4) repeatedly executing the step (S4) until the cladding of the nickel-based alloy abradable seal coating is completed.
Further, the process parameters set in step S4 are as follows: the laser power is 1500-2000W, the cladding speed is 5-15 mm/s, and the lap joint rate is 40% -60%.
Further, the parameters of the laser beam oscillation in step S4 are: the amplitude is 0-3 mm, and the oscillation frequency is 20-2000 Hz.
Further, the preset track is linear, circular or 8-shaped.
Furthermore, the nickel-based alloy abradable seal coating consists of equiaxed crystal and a strengthening phase, and the grain size of the equiaxed crystal is 0.1-0.8 mu m.
Further, the equiaxed crystal is composed of gamma and gamma' -Ni 3 Al, and the strengthening phase is composed of MoS 2, niS, crC, tiSi and Ti 3SiC2; the NiS, crC and TiSi generated in situ increase the number of nucleation sites, increase the nucleation rate of equiaxed crystals, increase the number of strengthening phases and refine the grain size of the equiaxed crystals, so that the obtained equiaxed crystals can eliminate the anisotropism of the abradable seal coating of the nickel base alloy and improve the toughness of the abradable seal coating; meanwhile, moS 2 and Ti 3SiC2 improve the oxidation resistance and antifriction and wear resistance of the nickel-based alloy abradable seal coating.
Further, the adhesive is absolute ethyl alcohol, and the mass ratio of the adhesive to the nickel-based alloy powder is 1:2.
Further, the layer thickness of the powder coated on the surface of the substrate after mixing is 0.8-1.5 mm.
Further, the vacuum degree adjusting range is 0 to 10 -5 Pa.
The second object of the invention can be achieved by adopting the following technical scheme:
The device comprises a laser, an induction heating coil, a high-frequency galvanometer controller, a high-frequency galvanometer focusing device, a computer control center, a shaft movement guide rail, an external vacuum pump and a forming cabin body, wherein the computer control center is respectively connected with the laser, the high-frequency galvanometer controller and the induction heating coil, and the laser is connected with the high-frequency galvanometer focusing device through a transmission optical fiber; the high-frequency galvanometer controller is used for controlling the laser beam in the galvanometer focusing device; the shaft movement guide rail is used for controlling a laser head in the laser to synchronously move along with the shaft movement guide rail; an induction heating coil and a laser head are arranged in the forming cabin body and are communicated with an external vacuum pump.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. The invention utilizes the rarefaction of gas molecules in the vacuum environment, so that the reaction of the gas molecules and alloy and the dissolution into a molten pool can be avoided; because the prepared coating has almost no air holes and inclusions, the cracking sensitivity and metallurgical defects are obviously reduced;
2. the invention utilizes the advantages of small surface tension of the molten pool, low viscosity of the molten pool and fast diffusion of solute in the vacuum environment, can greatly improve the effect of stirring the molten pool by the oscillation laser, effectively enhance the convection of the molten pool, improve the uniformity of heat distribution in the molten pool and eliminate the tissue non-uniformity and the performance anisotropy;
3. MoS 2 added into the nickel-based alloy coating component has a lubricating effect at medium and low temperature (room temperature-800 ℃); ti 3SiC2 belongs to MAX phase material, has lamellar structure, can improve the grindability of the coating, can effectively reduce friction coefficient at high temperature (above 800 ℃), and realizes continuous lubrication in a wide temperature range (from room temperature to 1000 ℃). In addition, in the high-temperature service process of the prepared coating, elements in Ti 3SiC2 are preferentially reacted with oxygen in situ, so that compact oxide is generated to play a role in synergistic lubrication, and the high-temperature oxidation resistance of the coating can be improved.
4. The coating prepared by the method provided by the invention has uniform components, no inclusion, no air hole and no crack, and has excellent high-temperature oxidation resistance, antifriction and thermal fatigue resistance.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to the structures shown in these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a vacuum oscillation laser-induction composite cladding abradable seal coating apparatus;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a galvanometer group with laser beam focusing and oscillating scanning installed in a galvanometer focusing device;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of circular scanning of a galvanometer laser beam;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a 8-shaped scan of a galvanometer laser beam;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a galvanometer laser beam scanning in a straight line;
The laser device comprises a 1-water circulation cooling system, a 2-laser head, a 3-galvanometer focusing device, a 4-high frequency galvanometer controller, a 5-laser, a 6-water circulation cooling pipe, a 7-transmission optical fiber, an 8-axis motion guide rail, a 9-computer control center, a 10-induction heater, a 11-control button group, a 12-external vacuum pump, a 13-cabin pressure display meter, a 14-powder filter core, a 15-processing plane, a 16-substrate, a 17-induction heating coil, an 18-laser beam focusing mirror, a 19-oscillation scanning galvanometer group and a 20-oscillation laser beam.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making any inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present application are within the scope of protection of the present application. It should be understood that the detailed description is intended to illustrate the application, and is not intended to limit the application.
Example 1:
the embodiment provides a method for vacuum oscillation laser-induction composite cladding abradable seal coating, which comprises the following steps:
The nickel-based alloy abradable seal coating is prepared by using an Inconel718 superalloy as a base material and adopting a vacuum oscillation laser-induction composite cladding technology, and the specific implementation steps are as follows:
S1: polishing the surface of the substrate, and placing the substrate in an acetone solution for ultrasonic cleaning; absolute ethyl alcohol is used as an adhesive and nickel-based alloy powder according to the mass of 1:2, mixing, uniformly coating the mixed powder on the surface of the cleaned base material, and drying in an oven at 80 ℃ for 2 hours;
Wherein, the chemical composition of the nickel-based alloy powder is ：Cr22wt.％,Al8wt.％,Si3wt.％,MoS25wt.％,Ti3SiC220wt％.,Y2O34wt.％, and the balance of Ni, and the thickness of the mixed powder layer is 1.2mm.
S2: air in the forming cabin is pumped by controlling an external vacuum pump to change the air pressure in the cabin body, and the vacuum degree is regulated to be 10 -4 Pa;
S3: introducing the formed part CAD model into processing software, slicing the formed part CAD model into layers to form a laser scanning track, and setting cladding parameters comprises the following steps: laser power, cladding rate, oscillation frequency and amplitude;
Wherein the laser power is 2000W, the composite cladding speed (v) is 8mm/s, the lap rate is 50%, the amplitude (A) is 3mm, the oscillation frequency (omega) is 50Hz, and the laser beam movement track is circular (the movement function is x=x 0+vt-Acosωt,y＝y0 +Asin omega t);
s4: adjusting the position of an induction heating coil and heating the substrate; wherein the induction heating temperature is 400 ℃;
s5: starting laser, melting alloy powder by high-energy-density laser to form a molten pool, quickly volatilizing absolute ethyl alcohol, moving the laser along a preset track, and quickly solidifying the molten alloy powder to form a single-channel cladding coating;
s6: and S5, repeating the step until the cladding of the nickel-based alloy abradable seal coating is completed.
By adopting the technical parameters, the density of the prepared nickel-based alloy abradable seal coating can reach 100 percent. The blade had a wear mass (IQR) of 0.7%, a wear ratio (IDR) of 5.8% and a coefficient of friction of 0.11 at a temperature of 800℃and a linear velocity of 300m/s and a feed rate of 100. Mu.m/s.
Example 2:
the embodiment provides a method for vacuum oscillation laser-induction composite cladding abradable seal coating, which comprises the following steps:
The nickel-based alloy abradable seal coating is prepared by using an Inconel718 superalloy as a base material and adopting a vacuum oscillation laser-induction composite cladding technology, and the specific implementation steps are as follows:
S1: polishing the surface of the substrate, and placing the substrate in an acetone solution for ultrasonic cleaning; absolute ethyl alcohol is used as an adhesive and nickel-based alloy powder according to the mass of 1:2 mixing, uniformly coating the mixed powder on the surface of the cleaned substrate, and drying the substrate in an oven at 80 ℃ for 2 hours;
wherein, the chemical composition of the nickel-based alloy powder is ：Cr18wt.％,Al5wt.％,Si2wt.％,MoS24wt.％,Ti3SiC215wt.％,Y2O33wt.％, percent and the balance is Ni, and the thickness of the mixed powder layer is 1.5mm.
S2: air in the forming cabin is pumped by controlling an external vacuum pump to change the air pressure in the cabin body, and the vacuum degree is regulated to be 10 -4 Pa;
S3: importing the formed part CAD model into processing software, slicing the formed part CAD model into layers to generate a laser scanning track, and setting cladding parameters comprises the following steps: laser power, cladding rate, oscillation frequency and amplitude;
Wherein the laser power is 1800W, the composite cladding speed (v) is 15mm/s, the lap rate is 40%, the amplitude (A) is 2mm, the oscillation frequency (omega) is 300Hz, and the laser beam movement track is 8-shaped (the movement function is x=x 0+vt-Asin2ωt,y＝y0 +Asin omega t);
s4: adjusting the position of an induction heating coil and heating the substrate; wherein the induction heating temperature is 600 ℃;
s5: starting laser, melting alloy powder by high-energy-density laser to form a molten pool, quickly volatilizing absolute ethyl alcohol, moving the laser along a preset track, and quickly solidifying the molten alloy powder to form a single-channel cladding coating;
s6: and S5, repeating the step until the cladding of the nickel-based alloy abradable seal coating is completed.
By adopting the technical parameters, the density of the prepared nickel-based alloy abradable seal coating is 99.8%. The blade had a wear mass (IQR) of 0.9%, a wear ratio (IDR) of 8.6% and a coefficient of friction of 0.13 at a temperature of 500 ℃ per linear speed of 300m/s and a feed rate of 100 μm/s.
Example 3:
the embodiment provides a method for vacuum oscillation laser-induction composite cladding abradable seal coating, which comprises the following steps:
The method uses an Inconel718 superalloy as a base material, adopts vacuum oscillation laser-induction composite cladding nickel-based alloy abradable seal coating, and comprises the following specific implementation steps:
S1: polishing the surface of the substrate, and placing the substrate in an acetone solution for ultrasonic cleaning; absolute ethyl alcohol is used as an adhesive and nickel-based alloy powder according to the mass of 1:2 mixing, uniformly coating the mixed powder on the surface of the cleaned substrate, and drying the substrate in an oven at 80 ℃ for 2 hours;
wherein, the chemical components of the nickel-based alloy powder are as follows: 25wt.% of Cr, 6wt.% of Al, 3wt.% of Si, 25wt.％,Ti3SiC28wt.％,Y2O3 wt.% of MoS, and the balance Ni, and the thickness of the mixed powder layer is 1.0mm.
S2: air in the forming cabin is pumped by controlling an external vacuum pump to change the air pressure in the cabin body, and the vacuum degree is regulated to be 10 -4 Pa;
S3: designing a laser scanning range model through CAD software, importing the CAD model into processing software, planning a laser scanning track, and setting cladding parameters comprises: laser power, cladding rate, oscillation frequency and amplitude;
Wherein the laser power is 2000W, the composite cladding speed (v) is 10mm/s, the lap rate is 60%, the amplitude (A) is 2mm, the oscillation frequency (omega) is 2000Hz, and the laser beam movement track is linear (the movement function is x=x 0+vt,y＝y0 +Asin omega t);
s4: adjusting the position of an induction heating coil and heating the substrate; wherein the induction heating temperature is 800 ℃;
s5: starting laser, melting alloy powder by high-energy-density laser to form a molten pool, quickly volatilizing absolute ethyl alcohol, moving the laser along a preset track, and quickly solidifying the molten alloy powder to form a single-channel cladding coating;
s6: and S5, repeating the step until the cladding of the nickel-based alloy abradable seal coating is completed.
After the composite cladding is completed by adopting the technological parameters, the density of the abradable seal coating of the nickel-based alloy can reach 100%. The blade had a wear mass (IQR) of 0.9%, a wear ratio (IDR) of 9.6% and a coefficient of friction of 0.15 at a temperature of 300℃and a linear velocity of 300 m/100 μm/s.
For the process parameters not noted in the above examples 1 to 3, reference may be made to conventional techniques.
Example 4:
The embodiment provides a device for vacuum oscillation laser-induction composite cladding abradable seal coating, which is used for realizing the methods provided by embodiments 1-3, and comprises a water circulation cooling system 1, a laser head 2, a galvanometer focusing device 3, a high-frequency galvanometer controller 4, a laser 5, a water circulation cooling pipe 6, a transmission optical fiber 7, a shaft movement guide rail 8, a computer control center 9, an induction heater 10, a control button group 11, an external vacuum pump 12, an in-cabin pressure display table 13, a powder filter element 14, a processing plane 15 and a molding cabin body, wherein the computer control center 9 is respectively connected with the control button group 11, the high-frequency galvanometer controller 4, the laser 5, the induction heater 10, the control button group 11 and an induction heating coil 17 to realize intelligent control of all components; the high-frequency galvanometer controller 4 is used for controlling the laser beam in the galvanometer focusing device 3 so as to realize the laser along a preset motion track; the laser 5 is connected with the high-frequency vibrating mirror focusing device 3 through a transmission optical fiber 7; the shaft motion guide rail 8 (comprising X, Y, Z shaft motion guide rails) is connected with the laser head 2 and the transmission optical fiber 7, and the laser head 2 moves synchronously along with the shaft motion guide rail 8; the control button group 11 is used for controlling the laser 5 and comprises a power switch, a laser switch and an emergency stop button; the air inlet end of the external vacuum pump 12 is connected with the powder filter element 14, and the other end pipeline of the powder filter element 14 is communicated with the forming cabin; the pressure display gauge 13 in the cabin is connected with the external vacuum pump 12 to realize the monitoring of the vacuum degree in the formed cabin; the vacuum processing atmosphere in the forming cabin body is realized through an external vacuum pump 12, and the air tightness of the outer shell of the external vacuum pump 12 and the forming cabin body can reach vacuum conditions; a laser beam focusing mirror 18 for focusing the laser beam and a galvanometer group 19 for oscillating scanning are installed in the galvanometer focusing device 3.
The above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can make equivalent substitutions or modifications according to the technical solution and the inventive concept of the present invention within the scope of the present invention disclosed in the present invention patent, and all those skilled in the art belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for vacuum oscillation laser-induction composite cladding an abradable seal coating, the method comprising:
S1: mixing the adhesive and nickel-based alloy powder according to a set mass ratio, uniformly coating the mixed powder on the surface of a substrate, and drying; wherein the chemical composition of the nickel-based alloy powder is ：Cr15～25wt.％、Al5～10wt.％、Si2～5wt.％、MoS20.5～5wt.％、Ti3SiC25～20wt.％、Y2O31～5wt.％、 and the balance is Ni;
s2: extracting air in the forming cabin to enable the cabin body to be in a vacuum environment;
S3: adjusting the distance between the induction heating coil and the surface of the substrate so that the substrate can be heated by effectively realizing the surface skin effect; wherein the temperature of the substrate which is heated by induction is 300-800 ℃;
S4: under a vacuum environment, the alloy powder is melted to form a molten pool by utilizing oscillation laser-induction composite cladding, at the moment, the adhesive is volatilized rapidly, and the laser moves along a preset track so as to enable the melted alloy powder to be solidified and solidified rapidly to form a single-channel cladding coating;
S5: and (4) repeatedly executing the step (S4) until the cladding of the nickel-based alloy abradable seal coating is completed.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the process parameters set in step S4 are: the laser power is 1500-2000W, the cladding speed is 5-15 mm/s, and the lap joint rate is 40% -60%.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the parameters of the laser beam oscillation in step S4 are: the amplitude is 0-3 mm, and the oscillation frequency is 20-2000 Hz.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the predetermined trajectory is linear, circular, or 8-shaped.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the nickel-based alloy abradable seal coating is comprised of equiaxed grains and a strengthening phase, and wherein the equiaxed grains have a size of 0.1-0.8 μm.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the equiaxed crystals consist of γ and γ' -Ni 3 Al and the strengthening phase consists of MoS 2, niS, crC, tiSi, and Ti 3SiC2; the NiS, crC and TiSi generated in situ increase the number of nucleation sites and increase the nucleation rate of equiaxed crystals; the number of the strengthening phases is increased, the size of equiaxed crystal grains is thinned, and meanwhile, moS 2 and Ti 3SiC2 improve the oxidation resistance, antifriction and wear resistance of the nickel-based alloy abradable seal coating.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the binder is absolute ethanol and the mass ratio of the binder to the nickel-based alloy powder is 1:2.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the powder is applied to the surface of the substrate after mixing with a layer thickness of 0.8 to 1.5mm.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the vacuum degree is adjusted in a range of 0 to 10 -5 Pa.
10. A device for vacuum oscillation laser-induction composite cladding abradable seal coating, which is used for realizing the method of any one of claims 1-9, and is characterized by comprising a laser, an induction heating coil, a high-frequency galvanometer controller, a high-frequency galvanometer focusing device, a computer control center, a shaft movement guide rail, an external vacuum pump and a forming cabin, wherein the computer control center is respectively connected with the laser, the high-frequency galvanometer controller and the induction heating coil, and the laser is connected with the high-frequency galvanometer focusing device through a transmission optical fiber; the high-frequency galvanometer controller is used for controlling the laser beam in the galvanometer focusing device so as to realize the movement of the laser along a preset track; the shaft movement guide rail is used for controlling a laser head in the laser to synchronously move along with the shaft movement guide rail; an induction heating coil and a laser head are arranged in the forming cabin body and are communicated with an external vacuum pump.
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