CN118008612A - Pre-combustion chamber piston - Google Patents

Pre-combustion chamber piston Download PDF

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Publication number
CN118008612A
CN118008612A CN202410095939.4A CN202410095939A CN118008612A CN 118008612 A CN118008612 A CN 118008612A CN 202410095939 A CN202410095939 A CN 202410095939A CN 118008612 A CN118008612 A CN 118008612A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
combustion chamber
prechamber
main combustion
precombustor
chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN202410095939.4A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
杜桂枝
范岚岚
蒋黎明
苑艺
王鹏程
夏长庚
韩峰
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
China National Heavy Duty Truck Group Co ltd
Original Assignee
China National Heavy Duty Truck Group Co ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by China National Heavy Duty Truck Group Co ltd filed Critical China National Heavy Duty Truck Group Co ltd
Priority to CN202410095939.4A priority Critical patent/CN118008612A/en
Publication of CN118008612A publication Critical patent/CN118008612A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02FCYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F3/00Pistons 
    • F02F3/24Pistons  having means for guiding gases in cylinders, e.g. for guiding scavenging charge in two-stroke engines
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B19/00Engines characterised by precombustion chambers
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12Improving ICE efficiencies

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a precombustion chamber piston, which belongs to the technical field of parts of internal combustion engines and comprises a piston, wherein a main combustion chamber is arranged at the inner upper part of the piston, and a plurality of circumferentially and uniformly distributed flow dividing ribs are arranged on the bottom surface of the main combustion chamber; the top of the main combustion chamber is provided with a precombustor shell, a precombustor inner cavity is arranged in the precombustor shell, and a precombustor jet hole communicated with the main combustion chamber is arranged at the bottom of the precombustor inner cavity. The flow dividing ribs form a turbulent flow effect on the mixed gas entering the main combustion chamber through the jet holes of the precombustion chamber, the gas flow is divided into four gas flows under the action of the flow dividing ribs, the four gas flows are respectively two axial entrainment gas flows and two radial entrainment gas flows, entrainment flame propagation is formed on the basis of multi-point ignition of the precombustion chamber, the flame propagation speed is further enhanced, the thinness and the combustion stability are improved, and the heat efficiency of the engine is improved.

Description

Pre-combustion chamber piston
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of parts of internal combustion engines, and particularly relates to a precombustor piston.
Background
Heavy-duty national six-natural gas engines generally adopt a premixed combustion and spark plug ignition mode, have low combustion speed and performance limited by knocking, and have the defects of high exhaust temperature, low thermal efficiency, large cycle fluctuation and the like. The prechamber technology can increase flame propagation speed, shorten combustion duration, reduce knock intensity, and increase compression ratio, thereby increasing thermal efficiency.
The prechamber can be divided into passive and active, the passive prechamber being pressurized from the main combustion chamber during the upward movement of the piston, and the active prechamber being additionally injected in the prechamber to enrich the local mixture. Whether the pre-combustion chamber is a passive pre-combustion chamber or an active pre-combustion chamber, the introduction of the pre-combustion chamber changes the combustion mode of the natural gas engine, and the single-point ignition of the spark plug is changed into multi-point ignition. The design of a piston matched with the structure of the precombustor is important, so that the flame propagation speed is further accelerated and the combustion stability is improved on the basis of fully playing the structural advantages of the precombustor.
CN115324724a discloses a combustion chamber and a gas engine, the combustion chamber comprises a main combustion chamber and a precombustion chamber, the main combustion chamber is enclosed by a piston and a cylinder head, the top of the piston is provided with a combustion chamber pit, and the bottom of the combustion chamber pit is provided with an open groove; the precombustion chamber is arranged on the cylinder cover and extends into the main combustion chamber, the precombustion chamber comprises a central spray hole arranged at the bottom of the precombustion chamber and circumferential spray holes arranged on the circumferential side wall of the precombustion chamber, the precombustion chamber can be in fluid communication with the main combustion chamber through the central spray hole and each circumferential spray hole, and the open groove is opposite to the central spray hole; the combustion chamber has the advantages that the height of the combustion chamber can be increased under the same compression ratio, the gas utilization rate of the bottom of the piston is improved, meanwhile, the heat load of the bottom of the combustion chamber can be reduced, the surface area ratio of the combustion chamber is smaller than that of a traditional straight-mouth type piston combustion chamber, the flame propagation distance is short, the knocking tendency can be reduced, the ignition stability is improved, meanwhile, the relative heat dissipation area is small, the heat loss is small, and the heat efficiency is improved.
CN115324722 a discloses a combustion system and a gas engine, the combustion system comprises a main combustion chamber and a precombustion chamber, the main combustion chamber comprises a combustion chamber pit arranged at the top of a piston, a first annular step and a second annular step are sequentially arranged on the circumferential side wall of the combustion chamber pit, a first pit is formed between the two annular steps, and a second pit is formed between the second annular step and the bottom of the combustion chamber pit; the precombustion chamber is provided with a first spray hole group which is arranged opposite to the first pit and a second spray hole group which is arranged opposite to the second pit; the first spray hole and the second spray hole of the precombustion chamber are different in orientation, two air flows are not interfered with each other, the total number of spray holes is large, so that the combustible mixed gas entering the precombustion chamber from the precombustion chamber is more uniform, the ignition in the precombustion chamber is more stable, the flame sprayed from the precombustion chamber to the main combustion chamber is more uniformly distributed, the flame propagation can be sucked by utilizing the pit shape, the flame propagation is accelerated, the thermal efficiency is improved, the stratified combustion is realized, and the flame propagation in a cylinder is more uniform.
The above-mentioned comparison document is through add protruding structure on the inner wall of combustion chamber, forms the mixed degree in it to the gas mixture, promotes combustion stability. But there is an upper limit to the mixing effect by the turbulence on the side wall alone.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a precombustor piston, which aims to solve the problems of poor combustion stability and reduced fuel utilization rate caused by the upper limit of gas mixing efficiency in a combustion chamber.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a precombustion chamber piston comprises a piston, wherein a main combustion chamber is arranged at the inner upper part of the piston, and a plurality of circumferentially and uniformly distributed flow dividing ribs are arranged on the bottom surface of the main combustion chamber; the top of the main combustion chamber is provided with a precombustor shell, a precombustor inner cavity is arranged in the precombustor shell, and a precombustor jet hole communicated with the main combustion chamber is arranged at the bottom of the precombustor inner cavity.
The flow dividing ribs form a turbulent flow effect on the mixed gas entering the main combustion chamber through the jet holes of the precombustion chamber, the air flow is divided into four air flows under the action of the flow dividing ribs, two axial entrainment air flows and two radial entrainment air flows respectively, entrainment flame propagation is formed on the basis of multi-point ignition of the precombustion chamber, the flame propagation speed is further enhanced, the thinness and the combustion stability are improved, and the heat efficiency of the engine is improved.
The invention further improves that the bottom surface of the inner cavity of the precombustion chamber is a concave curved surface; the precombustor jet holes are circumferentially and uniformly distributed on the curved surface of the precombustor shell. The ignited mixture in the inner cavity of the precombustor can be sprayed to flame or high-temperature burnt gas flow through the jet holes of the precombustor to form multi-point injection, so as to provide ignition assistance for the combustion in the main combustion chamber.
A further development of the invention provides that the prechamber jet holes are provided with 4-8.
In a further improvement of the invention, the aperture of the jet hole of the precombustion chamber is 1mm-2mm.
In addition, a certain included angle is arranged between the axial lead of the jet hole of the precombustion chamber and the central axis of the inner cavity of the precombustion chamber, and the included angle is 30-60 degrees.
The invention further improves that the number of the flow dividing ribs is consistent with the number of jet holes of the precombustion chamber; and the diversion ribs are arranged up and down opposite to the jet holes of the precombustion chamber. Flame or high-pressure high-temperature combusted air flow ejected from the jet hole of the precombustion chamber correspondingly impacts the middle part of the flow dividing rib, so that two axial entrainment flow dividing flows are formed along the plane of the flow dividing rib, meanwhile, the air flow can be divided into two radial rolling mats by the flow dividing rib from the middle, and four flow dividing flows formed by each flow dividing rib are fully diffused and mixed to ignite mixed air in the cylinder.
The invention further improves that the wall thickness of the flow dividing rib is 2mm-3mm.
Further improvement of the present invention is that the inner wall of the main combustion chamber is a smooth curved surface. The fluidity of the mixture inside is facilitated.
In a further improvement of the present invention, the inner bottom surface of the main combustion chamber is a curved surface rising upward, and the plurality of flow dividing ribs are disposed on the curved surface.
From the technical scheme, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the flow dividing ribs form a turbulent flow effect on the mixed gas entering the main combustion chamber through the jet holes of the precombustion chamber, the air flow is divided into four air flows under the action of the flow dividing ribs, two axial entrainment air flows and two radial entrainment air flows respectively, entrainment flame propagation is formed on the basis of multi-point ignition of the precombustion chamber, the flame propagation speed is further enhanced, the thinness and the combustion stability are improved, and the heat efficiency of the engine is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the description will be briefly introduced below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a radially entrained airflow in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of an axial entrainment flow according to an embodiment of the invention.
In the accompanying drawings: 1. a piston; 2. a precombustor housing; 3. a precombustion chamber inner cavity; 4. a prechamber jet orifice; 5. a main combustion chamber; 6. and a flow dividing rib.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in this specific embodiment, and it is apparent that the embodiments described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, based on the embodiments in this patent, which would be within the purview of one of ordinary skill in the art without the particular effort to make the invention are intended to be within the scope of the patent protection.
As shown in fig. 1-3, the precombustor piston comprises a piston 1, wherein a main combustion chamber 5 is arranged at the inner upper part of the piston 1, and the inner wall of the main combustion chamber 5 is a smooth curved surface. The fluidity of the mixture inside is facilitated. The inner bottom surface of the main combustion chamber 5 is a curved surface which bulges upwards, a plurality of flow dividing ribs 6 are arranged on the curved surface, and the flow dividing ribs 6 are circumferentially and uniformly distributed on the curved surface.
The wall thickness of the flow dividing rib 6 is 2mm-3mm. Under the action of the flow dividing ribs 6, the airflow is divided into four airflows, namely two axial entrainment airflows and two radial entrainment airflows, entrainment flame propagation is formed on the basis of multi-point ignition of the precombustion chamber, the flame propagation speed is further enhanced, the thinness and the combustion stability are improved, and the thermal efficiency of the engine is improved.
A precombustor shell 2 is arranged at the middle of the top of the main combustion chamber 5, a precombustor inner cavity 3 is arranged in the precombustor shell 2, and the bottom surface of the precombustor inner cavity 3 is a concave curved surface; the precombustor jet holes 4 are arranged in a plurality, and the precombustor jet holes 4 are circumferentially and uniformly distributed on the curved surface of the precombustor shell 2. The ignited mixture in the prechamber inner cavity 3 is injected outwardly through the prechamber jet orifices 4 with flames or with a high temperature burnt gas stream to form a multi-point injection providing ignition assistance for combustion in the main combustion chamber 5.
The number of the jet holes 4 in the precombustion chamber is 4-8. The aperture of the jet hole 4 of the precombustion chamber is 1mm-2mm. An included angle of 30-60 degrees is arranged between the axial lead of the jet hole 4 of the precombustion chamber and the central axis of the inner cavity 3 of the precombustion chamber.
The number of the flow dividing ribs 6 is consistent with that of the jet holes 4 of the precombustion chamber; and the diversion ribs 6 are arranged opposite to the jet holes 4 of the precombustion chamber. The flame or high-pressure high-temperature combusted air flow emitted from the jet hole 4 of the precombustion chamber correspondingly impacts the middle part of the flow dividing rib 6, so that two axial entrainment flow dividing flows are formed along the plane of the flow dividing rib 6, meanwhile, the air flow can be divided into two radial rolling mat flow dividing flows by the middle part of the flow dividing rib 6, and four flow dividing flows formed by each flow dividing rib 6 are fully diffused and mixed to ignite the mixed air in the cylinder.
When the engine is operated in equivalent gas combustion and in a micro lean combustion mode, only spark plugs may be installed in the prechamber housing 2, in the form of a passive prechamber. In the running process of the engine, the gas and air mixture in the air inlet channel enters the main combustion chamber 5, and the mixture is pressed into the pre-combustion chamber inner cavity 3 through the jet hole along with the upward movement of the piston 1, and at the moment, the concentration of the mixture in the pre-combustion chamber inner cavity 3 is consistent with that in the main combustion chamber 5. The spark plug ignites the combustible mixture in the inner cavity 3 of the precombustion chamber, combustion flame is ejected from the jet hole, quenching occurs when the flame passes through the small hole, high-temperature and high-pressure burnt gas flow becomes a plurality of ignition points, and the mixture in the main combustion chamber 5 is ignited. The air flow enters the main combustion chamber 5 and collides on the flow dividing rib 6 in the combustion chamber, axial entrainment flow dividing as shown in fig. 3 is formed along the plane of the flow dividing rib 6, meanwhile, the air flow can be divided into radial rolling mat flow dividing as shown in fig. 2 by the flow dividing rib 6, 4 flow dividing air flows are fully diffused, the mixed gas in the cylinder is ignited, and the flame propagation speed is improved.
Spark plugs and injectors may be installed in the prechamber housing 2 when the engine is operating in lean or ultra lean combustion mode, which is in the form of an active prechamber. In the running process of the engine, the gas and air mixture in the air inlet channel enters the main combustion chamber 5, and the mixture is pressed into the pre-combustion chamber inner cavity 3 through the jet hole along with the upward movement of the piston 1, and at the moment, the concentration of the mixture in the pre-combustion chamber inner cavity 3 is consistent with that in the main combustion chamber 5. Then, the injector injects fuel gas into the inner cavity 3 of the precombustion chamber, the concentration of the mixed gas in the precombustion chamber is higher than that of the main combustion chamber 5, thicker mixed gas is formed in the inner cavity 3 of the precombustion chamber, the spark plug ignites the mixed gas in the inner cavity 3 of the precombustion chamber, combustion flame is ejected from the jet holes, quenching occurs when the flame passes through the small holes, high-temperature and high-pressure burnt gas flow becomes a plurality of ignition points, and the mixed gas in the main combustion chamber 5 is ignited. The air flow enters the main combustion chamber 5 and collides on the flow dividing rib 6 in the combustion chamber, axial entrainment flow dividing as shown in fig. 3 is formed along the plane of the flow dividing rib 6, meanwhile, the air flow can be divided into radial rolling mat flow dividing as shown in fig. 2 by the flow dividing rib 6, 4 flow dividing air flows are fully diffused, the mixed gas in the cylinder is ignited, and the flame propagation speed is improved. The presence of the flow dividing rib 6 can further increase the thinness in the main combustion chamber 5 of the natural gas engine.
According to the pre-combustion chamber piston, the flow dividing ribs have a turbulent flow effect on the mixed gas entering the main combustion chamber through the jet holes of the pre-combustion chamber, the air flow is divided into four air flows under the action of the flow dividing ribs, the four air flows are respectively two axial entrainment air flows and two radial entrainment air flows, entrainment flame propagation is formed on the basis of multi-point ignition of the pre-combustion chamber, the flame propagation speed is further enhanced, the thinness and the combustion stability are improved, and the heat efficiency of an engine is improved.
In the present specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the difference from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts between the embodiments are only required to be referred to each other.
The terms "upper", "lower", "outside", "inside", and the like in the description and in the claims of the present invention and in the above drawings, if any, are used for distinguishing between relative relationships in position and not necessarily for giving qualitative sense. It is to be understood that the data so used may be interchanged where appropriate such that the embodiments of the invention described herein may be implemented in sequences other than those illustrated or otherwise described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprise" and "have," as well as any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (9)

1. The precombustion chamber piston comprises a piston (1) and is characterized in that a main combustion chamber (5) is arranged at the inner upper part of the piston (1), and a plurality of circumferentially and uniformly distributed flow dividing ribs (6) are arranged on the bottom surface of the main combustion chamber (5); the top of main combustion chamber (5) is installed prechamber casing (2), prechamber casing (2) inside is equipped with prechamber inner chamber (3), and the bottom of prechamber inner chamber (3) is equipped with prechamber jet hole (4) of intercommunication main combustion chamber (5).
2. A prechamber piston according to claim 1, characterized in that the bottom surface of the prechamber inner chamber (3) is a concave curved surface; the precombustor jet holes (4) are arranged in a plurality, and the precombustor jet holes (4) are circumferentially and uniformly distributed on the curved surface of the precombustor shell (2).
3. A prechamber piston according to claim 2, characterized in that the prechamber jet holes (4) are provided with 4-8.
4. A prechamber piston according to claim 3, characterized in that the orifice diameter of the prechamber jet orifice (4) is 1mm-2mm.
5. A prechamber piston according to claim 4, characterized in that the axis of the prechamber jet orifice (4) is arranged at an angle to the central axis of the prechamber inner chamber (3), which angle is 30 ° -60 °.
6. A prechamber piston according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the number of the flow distribution ribs (6) corresponds to the number of prechamber jet orifices (4); and the diversion ribs (6) are arranged opposite to the jet holes (4) of the precombustion chamber.
7. A prechamber piston according to claim 6, characterized in that the flow distribution ribs (6) have a wall thickness of 2-3 mm.
8. A prechamber piston according to claim 6, characterized in that the inner wall of the main combustion chamber (5) is smooth curved.
9. A prechamber piston according to claim 8, characterized in that the inner bottom surface of the main combustion chamber (5) is an upwardly convex curved surface, on which curved surface a number of flow dividing ribs (6) are arranged.
CN202410095939.4A 2024-01-23 2024-01-23 Pre-combustion chamber piston Pending CN118008612A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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CN202410095939.4A CN118008612A (en) 2024-01-23 2024-01-23 Pre-combustion chamber piston

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202410095939.4A CN118008612A (en) 2024-01-23 2024-01-23 Pre-combustion chamber piston

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20170145899A1 (en) * 2015-11-19 2017-05-25 Caterpillar Inc. Multipoint Ignition Systems and Methods
CN109184898A (en) * 2018-09-29 2019-01-11 哈尔滨工程大学 A kind of marine large-diameter natural gas engine precombustion chamber multiple jet ignition type highly effective combustion system
DE102019209596A1 (en) * 2018-12-07 2020-06-10 Hyundai Motor Company Piston combustion chamber structure of an engine
CN112065601A (en) * 2020-09-11 2020-12-11 潍柴动力股份有限公司 Piston and engine
CN116201630A (en) * 2023-02-27 2023-06-02 重庆长安汽车股份有限公司 Hydrogen engine combustion system and combustion mode control method

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20170145899A1 (en) * 2015-11-19 2017-05-25 Caterpillar Inc. Multipoint Ignition Systems and Methods
CN109184898A (en) * 2018-09-29 2019-01-11 哈尔滨工程大学 A kind of marine large-diameter natural gas engine precombustion chamber multiple jet ignition type highly effective combustion system
DE102019209596A1 (en) * 2018-12-07 2020-06-10 Hyundai Motor Company Piston combustion chamber structure of an engine
US20200182190A1 (en) * 2018-12-07 2020-06-11 Hyundai Motor Company Piston combustion chamber structure of engine
KR20200069920A (en) * 2018-12-07 2020-06-17 현대자동차주식회사 Piston combustion chamber structure of engine
CN112065601A (en) * 2020-09-11 2020-12-11 潍柴动力股份有限公司 Piston and engine
CN116201630A (en) * 2023-02-27 2023-06-02 重庆长安汽车股份有限公司 Hydrogen engine combustion system and combustion mode control method

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
李树生;白书战;邢小伟;贾迎军;李国祥;: "预燃室参数对大缸径天然气发动机燃烧过程影响的研究", 内燃机工程, no. 06, 15 December 2012 (2012-12-15), pages 72 - 76 *

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