CN118008336A - Under-pressure cabin opening and cutter changing method for shield tunneling machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The application discloses a method for opening a bin and changing a cutter under pressure of a shield tunneling machine, and relates to the technical field of tunnel shield construction. The under-pressure cabin opening and tool changing method of the shield machine comprises the steps of manufacturing a mud film, conveying the mud film to an excavation end of a cutter head of the shield machine so as to support soil body of a tunnel face, and further carrying out wall protection auxiliary construction; slag soil in a soil bin of the shield machine and on one side of the cutterhead, which is close to the tunnel face, is discharged, and air pressure is supplemented in the soil bin; opening an automatic pressure maintaining system to perform a pressure maintaining test on the soil bin; transporting needed articles and materials to a material bin of the shield machine; carrying out gas safety detection in the cabin; entering a main cabin, and carrying out pressurization treatment on the main cabin and an auxiliary cabin; entering a soil bin to check the face; cleaning and checking the cutterhead; sequentially entering the soil bin to replace a cutter; and (5) checking and confirming the closing of the cabin, and decompressing and discharging the cabin. The tool changing method is safe, quick and economical, and does not cause interference to the ground.

Description

Under-pressure cabin opening and cutter changing method for shield tunneling machine

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of tunnel shield construction, in particular to a method for opening a cabin and changing a cutter under pressure of a shield machine.

Background

When the foundation construction is in a period of high-speed development and the mountain land is more, a tunnel is often required to be excavated so as to be convenient for the construction of a railway or a highway, and the application of a shield tunneling machine is not needed in the process of excavating the tunnel. When the tunnel is mainly tunneled in the gravel layer and the wind-break slate, the beyond stratum has higher quartz content and soil hardness, and the shield cutter is worn seriously, so that the cutter is replaced in the tunneling process.

The cutter changing modes of the shield machine comprise a direct cabin opening cutter changing mode, a precipitation strengthening cutter changing mode, a ground surface grouting strengthening cutter changing mode, a fender pile strengthening cutter changing mode and a pneumatic strengthening cutter changing mode. The direct-opening tool changing mode requires good formation stability, so the method is not suitable for complex formations. Precipitation strengthening tool changing mode is simple, but there is the risk of stratum instability. Because of the low self-stability of the gravel layer and the weathered slate, once too long, the formation is unstable and is at risk of collapse. Thus, strengthening the tool change with precipitation alone is not feasible for complex formations. The ground surface grouting reinforcement tool changing mode can reinforce the stratum to a certain extent, has better reinforcement effect than dewatering reinforcement, but needs to be operated on the ground surface occupying the road, so that the ground surface grouting reinforcement tool changing mode is limited by ground surface conditions. On the other hand, the stratum grouting effect is poor, the earth surface can still collapse after reinforcement, and the method cannot ensure the safety of replacing the cutter and the earth surface requirement. The cutter changing mode can be ensured to be safe and stable by reinforcing the guard piles, but the defects of difficult determination of mileage of the piles, high cost, long construction period, limitation of ground surface conditions and the like exist, and the advancement of small influence of the system shield on the environment is not realized. The pneumatic reinforcement tool changing mode does not occupy the ground, and has lower cost and higher efficiency. However, the existing pneumatic reinforcement tool changing method is easy to fail in pressure building and pressure maintaining under the condition of poor geological conditions.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the application aims to provide a method for opening and changing a cutter of a shield machine under pressure, which aims to solve the technical problems in the prior art.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the application is as follows:

In one embodiment of the application, a method for changing a cutter of a shield machine under pressure, the shield machine is provided with a personnel cabin, the personnel cabin is composed of a main cabin and an auxiliary cabin, the main cabin and the auxiliary cabin are separated by a cabin door, the main cabin is connected with a soil cabin, the personnel cabin is a conversion channel for personnel to enter the soil cabin for maintenance and inspection, and the method comprises the following steps:

Manufacturing a mud film, and conveying the mud film to an excavation end of a cutter head of the shield tunneling machine so as to support soil body of a tunnel face and further perform wall protection auxiliary construction;

discharging dregs in a soil bin of the shield machine and on one side of the cutterhead close to the face, and supplementing air pressure in the soil bin;

Opening an automatic pressure maintaining system to perform a pressure maintaining test in the soil bin, if the air pressure in the soil bin is unstable, performing the mud film supplement on the face, and if the air pressure in the soil bin is stable, performing the next step;

transporting needed articles and materials to a material bin of the shield tunneling machine;

carrying out gas safety detection in the cabin;

Entering the main cabin and pressurizing the main cabin and the auxiliary cabin;

entering the soil bin to check the face;

cleaning and checking the cutterhead;

Sequentially entering the soil bin to replace a cutter;

and (5) checking and confirming the closing of the cabin, and decompressing and discharging the cabin.

In one embodiment of the application, the mud film injection position is a partition plate reserved hole of the soil bin, and in the grouting process, the pressure change of one side of the soil bin, which is close to the ground, needs to be observed in real time, and the pressure in the soil bin is dynamically controlled.

In one embodiment of the application, in the process of discharging the residue soil in the soil bin, the pressure in the soil bin is not less than the pressure of the soil bin when the shield tunneling machine is tunneling before the machine is stopped, and slag is discharged until the residue soil surface in the soil bin is lower than the center knife of the shield tunneling machine.

In one embodiment of the application, when the pressure in the soil bin reaches a preset value, the automatic pressure maintaining system is opened, and the pressure in the soil bin is set to be the sum of theoretical working pressure and 0.2bar through the automatic pressure maintaining system;

wherein the predetermined value is not lower than a theoretical operating pressure.

In one embodiment of the application, after the soil body in the soil bin is reduced to the set height, if the pressure of the soil bin is kept unchanged for four hours, the pressure maintaining test in the soil bin is qualified.

In one embodiment of the application, a gas detection system is configured in the shield machine, and gas safety detection is performed on the slag hole of the screw machine of the shield machine and the inside of the cabin through the gas detection system.

In one embodiment of the application, in the process of checking the face in the soil bin, the stability of the face is determined by sketching the geological condition of the face, checking the water outlet condition of the face and sampling the stratum of the face.

In one embodiment of the application, the tool is replaced by a first-and-last-difficult manner, and the bolt is removed by a pneumatic wrench and fastened by a torque wrench when the tool is replaced.

In one embodiment of the present application, during the replacing of the tool, the method for removing the tool includes:

clamping the tool with a clamp;

the cutter is hung by a hoist;

Loosening a self-tapping nut for fixing the cutter, and sequentially removing a spherical washer, a ball socket and an adjustable pressing block at the self-tapping nut;

removing the wedge block and prying the cutter out;

pulling the cutter out of the cutter box;

detaching the cutter, cleaning a base of the cutter, and checking whether the base is deformed;

transporting the disassembled tool to a replacement point.

In one embodiment of the present application, in the process of replacing the tool, the method for loading the tool includes:

Placing the tool on an assembly table;

Positioning the cutter;

removing the assembly table and loading the wedge block;

The adjustable pressing block, the spherical gasket, the ball socket and the self-tapping nut are sequentially tightened.

Compared with the prior art, the application has the beneficial effects that: the application provides a method for opening a bin and changing a cutter under pressure for a shield tunneling machine. The under-pressure cabin opening tool changing method of the shield machine comprises the steps of manufacturing a mud film, conveying the mud film to an excavation end of a cutter head of the shield machine to support soil body of a tunnel face, and further carrying out wall protection auxiliary construction. And discharging dregs in a soil bin of the shield machine and on one side of the cutterhead close to the face, and supplementing air pressure in the soil bin. And opening an automatic pressure maintaining system, and performing pressure maintaining test on the soil bin. And conveying the needed articles and materials to a material bin of the shield tunneling machine. And carrying out gas safety detection in the cabin. And entering the main cabin, and pressurizing the main cabin and the auxiliary cabin. And entering the soil bin to check the face. And cleaning and checking the cutterhead. Sequentially entering the soil bin to replace the cutter. And (5) checking and confirming the closing of the cabin, and decompressing and discharging the cabin. The tool changing method is safe, quick and economical, does not interfere with the ground, and effectively improves the construction efficiency and the construction safety.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and other related drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.

Fig. 1 shows a flow diagram of a pressurized opening and tool changing method of a shield tunneling machine.

Detailed Description

Embodiments of the present application are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to like or similar elements or elements having like or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative only and are not to be construed as limiting the application.

In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings are merely for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present application.

Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more, unless explicitly defined otherwise.

In the present application, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communicated with the inside of two elements or the interaction relationship of the two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.

In the present application, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, a first feature "up" or "down" a second feature may be the first and second features in direct contact, or the first and second features in indirect contact via an intervening medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "over" and "on" a second feature may be a first feature being directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is level higher than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature may be the first feature being directly under or obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is less level than the second feature.

As shown in fig. 1, the embodiment of the application provides a cutter changing method for a shield tunneling machine under-pressure cabin opening.

When the shield machine is used for tunneling in soft soil, upper soft stratum, lower hard stratum and water-rich stratum, the stratum has no self-stabilization capability, and the ground has no reinforcement condition, so that the pressurized cabin opening and tool changing method of the shield machine is adopted for carrying out various works in the cabin.

Specifically, a human cabin is arranged in the shield tunneling machine, and the human cabin consists of a main cabin and an auxiliary cabin. Wherein the main cabin and the auxiliary cabin are separated by a cabin door, and an operator can enter the main cabin from the auxiliary cabin or enter the auxiliary cabin from the main cabin through the cabin door. The main cabin is connected with the flange on the soil bin partition plate, and the personnel cabin is a conversion channel for personnel to enter and exit the soil bin for maintenance and inspection. The method for opening the bin and changing the cutter of the shield tunneling machine under pressure comprises the following steps:

Before the mud film is produced, the material equipment is also required to be checked.

Specifically, checking matters related to the feeding of the belt pressure are checked, and whether equipment such as a personnel gate system, an air pressure adjusting system, an automatic pressure maintaining system, an emergency standby power supply, emergency pressure maintaining air source equipment, a shuttle cabin and the like normally operate is checked and confirmed. And confirming whether the tool changing tool is complete and intact, and checking the tool storage.

Further, after the inspection of the material equipment is completed, the air tightness of the cabin is required to be tested.

Specifically, since the cabin is a switching passage for personnel to enter and exit the soil bin for maintenance and inspection, the cabin is normally in an unpressurized mode and is in a pressurized mode during pressurized operation.

The air tightness test is to check whether various pipelines on the cabin door, the soil bin door and the bulkhead leak air or not through a pressure increasing and reducing test. Specifically, the air pressure in the cabin is boosted from 0bar to a design value of 6bar, and is maintained in a time range of 10min to 15min during the boosting process. Further, the pressure was maintained for 30min when rising to 6 bar. And after the pressure is maintained for 30min, if the pressure reduction difference value in the cabin is not more than 0.2bar, the cabin is qualified.

In addition, after the air tightness inspection is completed, preparation for shutdown is required. Specifically, at the position of 4-5 rings of shield segments before the position of opening the bin and changing the cutter, the injection quantity of tail grease and grouting is synchronously increased, the synchronous grouting filling plumpness of the rear gap of the shield segment wall is ensured, the sealing property of the tail brush is enhanced, and the sealing property of the tail is enhanced.

The width of the first ring shield segment is 1.8m, and the width of the 4-5 ring shield segment is 7.2-9 mm, namely the injection quantity of tail grease and grouting is synchronously increased at the position of opening the bin and changing the cutter by 7.2-9 mm. Optionally, for example, 4 ring shield segments before the open cutter position or 5 ring shield segments before the open cutter position.

It should be noted that 30cm before reaching the position of the cutter changing in the opening bin can be filled with bentonite instead of the slurry, so as to prevent the shield tail from being covered by excessive slurry.

After the shield is stopped, inert slurry is injected into radial holes of the shield body, a closed water stop ring is arranged outside the shield shell, so that gaps between the shield shell and stratum are effectively filled, underground water in the range of the shield shell is prevented from flowing into a bin in the stopping process, and meanwhile, the risk that the shield tail is wrapped in the construction process of a water seal ring after the shield tail can be avoided.

Further, a water seal ring is applied. Specifically, the shield machine performs secondary grouting on the shield segment arm after reaching the stop position in an 8-11 ring mode at the rear of the shield tail, the grouting amount is controlled by grouting pressure, and the water stopping effect of the shield segment on the side close to the soil layer is guaranteed.

The ratio of the double slurry is 1:1 of cement slurry to water glass solution, the ratio of the cement slurry to water is 0.8, and the water glass solution is a solution with the ratio of water glass to water being 1:1.

In addition, the grouting points are positioned through grouting holes of the shield segments, so that full-ring grouting reinforcement is performed. It should be noted that the shield segment state should be closely concerned during grouting, and the grouting pressure is not more than 0.6Mpa.

After the construction of the water sealing ring is completed, the top and the bottom of the first ring in front of the water sealing ring can be perforated for inspection, the effect of the water sealing ring is judged, if the water sealing of the shield tail cannot meet the construction requirement, the secondary grouting construction is needed to be carried out again, and the secondary grouting is continued to be constructed at the position behind the current water sealing ring by 1-2 rings.

And S110, manufacturing a mud film, and conveying the mud film to the excavation end of a cutter head of the shield machine so as to support the soil body of the tunnel face of the tunnel, thereby performing wall protection auxiliary construction.

And in the stratum where the excavation surface cannot be self-stabilized and the stratum has poor air tightness, the mud film wall protection is adopted for auxiliary construction. The mud film manufacturing material adopts high-viscosity and high-quality bentonite, the mixing ratio is that the proportion of water to bentonite is 1:0.15. fermenting for 24 hours after the mud film is manufactured, and further injecting the mud film into the front of the cutter head through a grouting pipe of the shield machine. Alternatively, the high-quality bentonite is, for example, a nano bentonite.

After the mud is manufactured on the ground, the special mortar truck from the ground to the underground is used for conveying the mud into a grouting system, and a grouting pump is used for conveying the mud to the front of a cutter head. The injection position of the slurry is a preformed hole of the soil bin partition plate. In the slurry injection process, the pressure change at the upper part of the soil bin is closely observed, and the pressure in the soil bin is dynamically controlled.

Specifically, the pressure at the upper part of the soil bin is controlled within +/-0.5 bar, so that overlarge pressure is avoided, and stratum is disturbed.

After the slurry is injected to a certain extent, the pressure of the soil bin is basically stable, the pressure reduction amplitude is smaller, the screw machine gate is opened to properly discharge soil, the soil discharge amount and the injection amount are required to be basically balanced, and the record is made.

And in the process of discharging the soil by the screw machine, continuously grouting when the mud component appears in the muck until grouting is completed. And (5) rotating the cutter disc and fully stirring. After the slurry replacement is completed, the retractable hinged jack enables the shield machine to retreat for 3 cm-5 cm, so that the cutter is convenient to replace, and a slurry film of about 3 cm-5 cm is established between the cutter head and the tunnel face.

And step S120, discharging dregs in a soil bin of the shield machine and on one side of the cutterhead close to the face, and supplementing air pressure in the soil bin.

After the mud film is produced and puffed, the dregs in front of the cutter head and in the soil bin can be output. In the deslagging process, air pressure is supplemented to the soil bin while deslagging, the change of the pressure of the soil bin is noticed at any time, the pressure of the soil bin is not less than that of the soil bin during tunneling before shutdown, and deslagging is carried out until the slag surface of the soil bin is lower than that of the center knife.

And S130, opening an automatic pressure maintaining system, performing pressure maintaining test on the soil bin, if the air pressure in the soil bin is unstable, performing mud film supplement on the face, and if the air pressure in the soil bin is stable, performing the next step.

And outputting dregs before opening the bin, and adding gas to replace. When the pressure in the soil bin reaches a preset value, the automatic pressure maintaining system is started, and the pressure is set to be the sum of the calculated theoretical working pressure and the pressure adjustment value.

When the soil body in the bin is reduced to the set height, if the pressure of the soil bin is kept unchanged or has no larger fluctuation for four hours, the pressure maintaining test is qualified. Wherein the predetermined value is not lower than the theoretical operating pressure, and the pressure adjustment value is, for example, 0.2bar.

And step S140, conveying the needed articles and materials to a material bin of the shield tunneling machine.

And step S150, carrying out gas safety detection on the interior of the cabin.

The shield tunneling machine is provided with a portable gas detection device, CH ₄、CO、H₂S、CO₂ and O ₂ in the cabin are detected through the gas detection device, and the shield tunneling machine has an audible and visual alarm function. The fixed detector is arranged at the screw machine at the matched position behind the shield machine, and the gas content at the slag hole of the screw machine, such as CH ₄、H₂ S and O ₂, is monitored.

Fresh air outside the tunnel is sent into the shield tunneling machine region through a ventilation system, and the ventilation system mainly comprises an axial flow fan, a tunnel air pipe, an air storage barrel, a secondary fan and the like. The tunnel ventilation adopts the forced ventilation outside the tunnel, adopts the special axial fan in tunnel, and the special axial fan in tunnel passes through the tunnel tuber pipe and is connected with the air storage section of thick bamboo on the trailer to send the fresh air outside the tunnel into the shield machine region through the overgrate air machine on the trailer.

And step S160, entering the main cabin, and performing pressurization treatment on the main cabin and the auxiliary cabin.

The higher the pressure, the more stable the tunnel face is, but the actual sealing property of the stratum is not perfect, and if the set value exceeds the bearing pressure of the tunnel face, adverse phenomena such as seal layer rupture and ground bulge may be caused. The pressure of the soil bin and the main bin is low, which is beneficial to the health and the working efficiency of the personnel entering the bin, but too low can cause the instability of the face and the subsidence of the ground.

Tunnels with pressure entry points are planned to be located, for example, in a medium-weathered, strongly weathered granite formation with 5.5 meters thick of raw fill, 5 meters thick of silt, 8.4 meters thick of sandy clay, 5.6 meters thick of fully weathered granite, 9.6 meters thick strongly weathered granite, and 2.7 meters thick strongly weathered granite, from top to bottom, with tunnel burial depths of 36.6m, and stable water levels of 3.7m.

The binning pressure is calculated as follows:

P＝Pw+Pr＝(36.6-3.7)×1×0.98×0.1+0.2＝3.4bar

Wherein P is the working pressure of pneumatic operation, namely the theoretical working pressure. Pw is the head pressure at the tunnel roof, and Pr is the pressure adjustment value taking into account different geological conditions, ground environment and excavation position, in this embodiment Pr is 0.2bar, for example.

Therefore, the feeding pressure is calculated to be 3.4bar according to the water head pressure, and meanwhile, the calculation result of the under-pressure opening soil bin pressure is combined with ground surface monitoring data in the tunneling process, so that the opening working pressure is comprehensively determined.

Before pressurizing the main cabin, checking whether the display instrument, the heating device, the clock, the thermometer, the telephone, the emergency telephone, the valve and the cabin door sealing member are clean or not, and checking whether the tool equipment material required by the operation is completely placed in the cabin or not again.

Specifically, closing the main cabin door and ensuring that the closing is correct; and closing the cabin doors of the main cabin and the protection cabin and the cabin door between the main cabin and the auxiliary cabin. The person gate operator slowly opens the air inlet valve, and the person gate pressurizing speed is controlled between 0.05Mpa/10min and 0.1Mpa/10min until reaching the working pressure between the inlet pressure P-0.1bar and P+0.1 bar.

In the pressurizing process, a pressure relief ball valve outside the main cabin is opened to ensure a certain ventilation quantity in the main cabin, the ventilation quantity is required to be at least 500L/min, the air inlet and outlet balance of the main cabin is established, and the air pressure is stabilized within the range of P-0.1bar to P+0.1 bar.

After the pressure compensation has been performed between the main compartment and the earth bin, the operator opens the door of the pressure barrier and enters the earth bin. And working according to the operation procedures of checking the cutterhead and changing the cutter, and filling in the detection condition of the cutterhead and the abrasion damage condition of the cutter in detail. Wherein, the personnel and warehouse manager stops the recorder after the pressurization is finished.

The pressurization mode of the auxiliary cabin is the same as that of the main cabin.

And step S170, entering the soil bin to check the face.

After the pressurization of the main cabin and the auxiliary cabin is completed, operators enter the main cabin and the soil cabin, and a pressure balance valve between the auxiliary cabin and the main cabin is opened to eliminate the air pressure difference between the two cabins, but the air pressure still needs to be stabilized at the cabin inlet pressure, wherein the air pressure can be 0.1bar higher or lower than the cabin inlet pressure.

Further, a sealing door, namely a cabin door, between the auxiliary cabin and the main cabin is opened, an operator enters the main cabin to check whether the instruments and the telephones in the main cabin are used normally, and the heating device is regulated if necessary. The pressure balance valve between the protection cabin and the main cabin is opened, the air pressure difference between the two cabins is eliminated, but the air pressure still needs to be stabilized at the feeding pressure, wherein the air pressure can be 0.1bar higher or lower than the feeding pressure.

And opening a bidirectional sealing door between the protection cabin and the main cabin and a cabin door between the main cabin and the auxiliary cabin to enable the main cabin, the auxiliary cabin and the soil cabin to be communicated and enable the main cabin, the auxiliary cabin and the soil cabin to operate.

When an operator enters the soil bin, the phenomenon that seepage water on the surface of the auxiliary pressure-maintaining mud film is large or falls is found, the auxiliary pressure-maintaining mud film should be timely withdrawn from the soil bin, the operation is stopped, and the secondary cutterhead can be put into the soil bin for construction after the face mud film in front of the secondary cutterhead is arranged and inspected to meet the requirements.

In order to further judge the geological condition of the face, the cutter head and the excavation bin condition, the first bin entering is carried out by experienced operators to identify the working condition in the bin. The working conditions in the bin comprise tunnel face geological conditions, disc mud cake conditions, excavation bin conditions and the like. After careful observation and safety judgment, other personnel can enter the soil bin for the next operation.

The working contents of the face inspection include face geological condition sketch, face water leakage condition and stratum sampling, and stability of the face is judged by combining the factors.

And step S180, cleaning and checking the cutterhead.

After entering the bin, firstly cleaning a notch ring of the upper cutter disc, checking the stability condition of soil, further cleaning dregs at the opening of the cutter disc, and finally cleaning cutter holes and cutters.

It is to be noted that the cutter head can not be flushed against the face when cleaning, so as to avoid damaging the mud membrane water and air isolation effect.

The detection contents of the cutter head and the cutter include detecting the abrasion loss of the cutter head, the abrasion loss of the cutter head panel, shooting detailed pictures and the like, and formulating a next working scheme according to the detection result.

Specifically, the tool appearance was checked. Checking whether all cutter bolts on the cutter head fall off or not; checking whether the hob retainer ring is broken or falls off, and if the retainer ring falls off, checking whether the hob ring is shifted or not; checking whether the hob ring is intact or not, and whether fracture and eccentric wear phenomena exist or not; checking whether the hob body leaks oil or the bearing is damaged; checking whether the scraper has edge tipping and edge abrasion.

In addition, the tool wear amount was measured. On the premise of no fracture or damage, the accurate measurement of the abrasion loss of the hob ring is the basis for replacing the cutter and mastering the current cutter condition by technicians; the maximum wear limit of the cutter ring of the center hob and the cutter ring of the positive hob is 25mm, the maximum wear limit of the side hob, the scraper and the scraping plate is 20mm, and the cutter must be replaced when the maximum wear limit is reached; checking whether the scraper has edge tipping and edge abrasion, and replacing the edge when the edge abrasion reaches the cutter matrix.

In addition, the cutterhead is checked. After the worker enters the bin, firstly cleaning the notch of the cutter head at the upper part, checking the stability condition of soil, then cleaning the dregs at the opening of the cutter head, and finally cleaning the cutter hole and the cutter. And checking the abrasion condition of the cutterhead, such as whether the abrasion-resistant block of the cutterhead falls off or not, and checking whether the foam nozzle is blocked or not.

Step S190, sequentially entering the soil bin to replace the cutter.

The principle of tool replacement is that the tool is easy and difficult to replace, a pneumatic wrench is used for bolt disassembly, and a torque wrench is used for bolt fastening, so that the tool installation quality is ensured.

The method for disassembling the cutter comprises the steps of clamping the cutter by using a clamp, hanging the cutter by using a hoist, loosening a self-tapping nut for fixing the cutter, sequentially removing a spherical washer, a ball socket and an adjustable pressing block at the self-tapping nut, removing a wedge block, prying out the hob by using an assembly rod, and pulling the hob out of a cutter box. Removing the hob, detaching the old hob, cleaning the base of the hob, and checking whether the base is deformed. And transporting the disassembled hob to a replacement point.

In addition, during the process of replacing the cutter, the cutter loading method comprises the step of placing the hob on an assembly table and further positioning the hob. After positioning, the assembly table is removed, the wedge block is installed, the adjustable pressing block, the spherical gasket, the ball socket and the self-tapping nut are sequentially screwed up, and then the self-tapping nut is screwed up according to the torque force requirement.

When the cutter is replaced each time, the staff firstly cleans the soil around the cutter, and a certain working space is reserved. And checking the abrasion condition of the cutters one by one from the outer side of the cutter disc inwards, and replacing the cutters with corresponding marks when the need of replacement is determined. Further, the sleeve and the stressing rod are used for disassembling the fixing bolt, and the disassembled bolt and the attaching element thereof are put into a portable tool bag so as to prevent the loss.

The replaced tool is delivered into the man brake, meanwhile, the fixing bolt and the fixing seat are cleaned by water, whether cracks exist or not is checked, and if the cracks exist, the new bolt needs to be replaced, so that the new tool is ensured to have enough fixing strength.

And installing the new cutter according to the original position, and screwing the fixing bolt.

It is to be noted that each time a batch of cutters and bolts are carried into the bin, after each batch of cutters are replaced, the waste cutters and new cutters which are not installed are put into the feed gate. And simultaneously, the operating hand rotates the cutterhead. The staff sends the next batch of cutters into the soil bin through the material gate, and then the next group of cutters are continuously replaced.

After each tool change, the quality of the installation is checked by an on-duty mechanical engineer and whether missing or not fixed is detected. After the mechanical engineer confirms that the operation can be continued. The replacement speed is determined according to the actual situation, and the premise is that the installation quality is guaranteed.

When the cutter is eccentrically worn, rock protruding out of the face is formed on the face when tunneling is performed on the hard rock section, in order to cut the rock with smaller penetration when the newly installed cutter starts to rotate, and meanwhile, the phenomenon of local unbalanced load caused by the fact that the newly installed cutter firstly contacts the face is avoided, so that the protruding rock must be chiseled out according to the technical requirements, otherwise, the newly installed cutter is easily damaged, the construction efficiency is seriously affected, and other serious consequences are even caused.

And step S200, closing the cabin, checking and confirming, and decompressing and discharging the cabin.

After the cutter is processed, personnel are taken out of the warehouse, personnel entering and exiting the warehouse from the first warehouse enter the warehouse, personnel entering and exiting the warehouse from the third warehouse enter the warehouse, materials and materials are checked by a comparison list, and the warehouse door, especially metal objects, can be closed after no tools and other sundries are left in the soil warehouse.

After the inspection and replacement work is finished, operators enter the personnel cabin to decompress, and the operators open the exhaust valve outside the personnel cabin to decompress the personnel cabin. The pressure reduction adopts graded pressure reduction, and the pressure reduction time is determined according to the working pressure and the working time.

After the tool changing operation is finished, after personnel and equipment remove the soil bin and the human brake, synchronous slurry, shield segments and other tunneling materials are prepared, the stroke of the pushing oil cylinder and the hinged oil cylinder is recovered, the equipment is started to start tunneling, meanwhile, the pressure maintaining system and the baffle gate valve are closed, the screw machine is not started in the initial stage, the screw machine is started to slag when the soil pressure is equivalent to the pressure value before shutdown, and soil pressure balance is established.

In the description of the present specification, a description referring to terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples may be combined and combined by those skilled in the art without contradiction.

While embodiments of the present application have been shown and described above, it will be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and not to be construed as limiting the application, and that variations, modifications, alternatives and variations may be made to the above embodiments by one of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the application.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a shield constructs machine area pressure and opens storehouse tool changing method, shield constructs the machine and is equipped with the people's cabin, the people's cabin is constituteed by main cabin and auxiliary cabin, the main cabin with separate by the hatch door between the auxiliary cabin, the main cabin links to each other with the soil storehouse, the people's cabin is personnel to get into the conversion passageway of soil storehouse maintenance and inspection, its characterized in that includes:

Manufacturing a mud film, and conveying the mud film to an excavation end of a cutter head of the shield tunneling machine so as to support soil body of a tunnel face and further perform wall protection auxiliary construction;

discharging dregs in a soil bin of the shield machine and on one side of the cutterhead close to the face, and supplementing air pressure in the soil bin;

Opening an automatic pressure maintaining system to perform a pressure maintaining test in the soil bin, if the air pressure in the soil bin is unstable, performing the mud film supplement on the face, and if the air pressure in the soil bin is stable, performing the next step;

transporting needed articles and materials to a material bin of the shield tunneling machine;

carrying out gas safety detection in the cabin;

Entering the main cabin and pressurizing the main cabin and the auxiliary cabin;

entering the soil bin to check the face;

cleaning and checking the cutterhead;

Sequentially entering the soil bin to replace a cutter;

and (5) checking and confirming the closing of the cabin, and decompressing and discharging the cabin.

2. The method for changing the cutter of the shield tunneling machine under pressure according to claim 1, wherein the mud film injection position is a partition plate reserved hole of the soil bin, and in the grouting process, the pressure change of one side of the soil bin, which is close to the ground, needs to be observed in real time, and the pressure in the soil bin is dynamically controlled.

3. The method for replacing a cutter of a pressurized open cabin of a shield machine according to claim 1, wherein in the process of discharging the dregs in the soil cabin, the pressure in the soil cabin is not less than the pressure of the soil cabin when the shield machine is driven before the machine is stopped, and dregs are discharged until the dregs in the soil cabin are lower than a center cutter of the shield machine.

4. The method for opening and changing a cutter of a shield tunneling machine under pressure according to claim 1, wherein when the pressure in the earth bin reaches a predetermined value, the automatic pressure maintaining system is opened, and the pressure in the earth bin is set to be the sum of theoretical working pressure and 0.2bar by the automatic pressure maintaining system;

wherein the predetermined value is not lower than a theoretical operating pressure.

5. The method for changing the cutter of the shield tunneling machine under pressure according to claim 4, wherein after the soil in the soil bin is lowered to a set height, if the pressure of the soil bin is maintained for four hours and is not changed, the pressure maintaining test in the soil bin is qualified.

6. The method for replacing a cutter of a pressurized cabin of a shield machine according to claim 1, wherein a gas detection system is configured in the shield machine, and gas safety detection is performed on the slag hole of a screw machine of the shield machine and the inside of the cabin through the gas detection system.

7. The method for replacing a cutter of a pressurized open cabin of a shield tunneling machine according to claim 1, wherein the stability of the tunnel face is determined by sketching the geological condition of the tunnel face, checking the water outlet condition of the tunnel face and sampling the stratum of the tunnel face during the process of checking the tunnel face in the soil cabin.

8. The method for replacing a cutter of a shield tunneling machine under pressure according to claim 1, wherein the cutter is replaced by a first-and-last-difficult method, and when the cutter is replaced, a pneumatic wrench is used for bolt removal, and a torque wrench is used for bolt fastening.

9. The method for replacing the cutter of the shield tunneling machine under pressure according to claim 8, wherein during the cutter replacing process, the method for removing the cutter comprises the following steps:

clamping the tool with a clamp;

the cutter is hung by a hoist;

Loosening a self-tapping nut for fixing the cutter, and sequentially removing a spherical washer, a ball socket and an adjustable pressing block at the self-tapping nut;

removing the wedge block and prying the cutter out;

pulling the cutter out of the cutter box;

detaching the cutter, cleaning a base of the cutter, and checking whether the base is deformed;

transporting the disassembled tool to a replacement point.

10. The method for replacing the cutter of the shield tunneling machine under pressure according to claim 8, wherein during the process of replacing the cutter, the method for loading the cutter comprises the following steps:

Placing the tool on an assembly table;

Positioning the cutter;

removing the assembly table and loading the wedge block;

The adjustable pressing block, the spherical gasket, the ball socket and the self-tapping nut are sequentially tightened.