CN118006892A - High-efficiency iron removal refining method for aluminum-silicon alloy - Google Patents
High-efficiency iron removal refining method for aluminum-silicon alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN118006892A CN118006892A CN202410161547.3A CN202410161547A CN118006892A CN 118006892 A CN118006892 A CN 118006892A CN 202410161547 A CN202410161547 A CN 202410161547A CN 118006892 A CN118006892 A CN 118006892A
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- aluminum
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 122
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon Chemical compound [Al].[Si] CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910018131 Al-Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910018461 Al—Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 26
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910021364 Al-Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- DJPURDPSZFLWGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidyneborane Chemical compound [Al]#B DJPURDPSZFLWGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910018125 Al-Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910018520 Al—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000789 Aluminium-silicon alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910005347 FeSi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052810 boron oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZDVYABSQRRRIOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron;iron Chemical compound [Fe]#B ZDVYABSQRRRIOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron trioxide Chemical compound O=BOB=O JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/005—Preliminary treatment of scrap
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B21/00—Obtaining aluminium
- C22B21/06—Obtaining aluminium refining
- C22B21/066—Treatment of circulating aluminium, e.g. by filtration
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/10—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals with refining or fluxing agents; Use of materials therefor, e.g. slagging or scorifying agents
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-efficiency iron-removing refining method for aluminum-silicon alloy, which realizes the purpose of high-efficiency iron removal by adding Bi, mn and other elements in the refining process of aluminum-silicon alloy. The method can completely eliminate the needle-shaped iron-rich phase and the primary iron-rich phase, and after the aluminum-silicon alloy is treated by the method, the primary iron removal rate reaches more than 50 percent, and simultaneously the eutectic silicon and the symbiotic iron phase can be thinned; the method has simple process, and the metal Bi can be recycled in a large proportion after simple filtration.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a high-efficiency iron-removing refining method for aluminum-silicon alloy.
Background
In both the production of primary aluminum and the production of secondary aluminum, and in the smelting and pouring processes of castings, excessive Fe element can be melted in due to factors such as raw materials, tools and the like. The maximum solid solubility of Fe in aluminum is very low, the solubility is only 0.05wt.% at 660 ℃, and the precipitated Fe mainly forms various intermetallic compounds.
Aluminum-silicon alloy generally refers to aluminum alloy with silicon content of about 10%, and Fe in the aluminum-silicon alloy forms various intermetallic compounds with Al, si, mn and other elements, wherein a needle-shaped beta-Fe phase (Al 5 FeSi phase) is the most common intermetallic compound, which can lead to rapid reduction of alloy performance. Therefore, the Fe element is recognized as a harmful impurity element in the aluminum-silicon alloy, and the content of the Fe element is an important index for measuring the quality of the alloy.
Common iron removing methods for aluminum alloy include gravity sedimentation, flux, filtration, electromagnetic separation, centrifugal separation, etc., which all require the formation of a high density, iron-rich phase from the melt and then removal of the iron-rich phase by different principles. In addition, the method has the limitations of complicated operation, expensive equipment, low iron removal rate and the like, and is not applied and popularized in industrial production to date.
Chinese patent inventions CN103740947A, CN104060118a, CN1940101, etc. disclose various methods for removing iron by boride flux, and the main technical idea is to react boride with iron element in aluminum melt to produce high melting point and high density boron-iron compound. Chinese patent CN107794390a discloses a method for removing iron by composite addition of Mn and B elements, which promote the formation of precipitates in the Fe 2 B phase and deteriorate the β -Fe phase. The above method has the following technical problems that limit the practical production application: the high viscosity of borides such as borax and boron oxide leads to poor flux dispersibility and can not fully contact with iron in aluminum melt; b element in the aluminum melt can react with Al element preferentially to generate aluminum boron compound, the aluminum boron compound is not easy to separate when mixed with the aluminum melt in the sedimentation process, and the aluminum content in the aluminum boron compound deposition layer is very high, so that the aluminum yield is greatly reduced; and B inhibits the precipitation of primary iron phases, so that more Fe and Mn are left in a eutectic reaction temperature range, the deposition effect of the Fe phases is reduced, and the iron removal efficiency is low.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the existing iron removal technology, the invention provides a novel method for removing iron from aluminum-silicon alloy.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme for realizing the purpose:
The aluminum-silicon alloy high-efficiency iron-removing refining method provided by the invention uses Bi and Mn as main iron-removing components. The modification and wrapping effect of Bi on the iron-rich phase in the Al-Si alloy is utilized to be composited with Mn element, so that the growth and deposition of the primary iron-rich phase in a polygonal form are promoted. Meanwhile, bi has obvious modification and refinement effects on eutectic silicon and eutectic iron-rich phases, and the comprehensive performance of the aluminum-silicon alloy is further improved. And the Bi-Al alloy has the property of liquid phase layering, and Bi is easy to separate from an Al-Si melt and recycle.
The invention provides a high-efficiency iron-removing refining method for aluminum-silicon alloy, which specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Smelting aluminum-silicon alloy in a bottom pouring type smelting crucible at 720-800 ℃;
(2) Adding Al-Mn intermediate alloy according to the content of impurity iron in the smelted aluminum-silicon alloy, so that the mass ratio of Mn to Fe is 0.5-2:1, adding Bi accounting for 1-10% of the total mass of the aluminum-silicon alloy, smelting at 720-800 ℃ to ensure that the components are uniform;
(3) Cooling the alloy melt to 610-670 ℃, adding Bi accounting for 5-15% of the total mass of the aluminum-silicon alloy, uniformly mixing, preserving heat, standing for 30-120 minutes, separating out Fe impurities in the melt by using polygonal iron-rich phases and a small amount of Chinese character-shaped iron-rich phases, and precipitating the Fe impurities and Bi liquid drops to the bottom of a crucible;
(4) Cooling the alloy melt to 350-550 ℃, pouring Bi-rich melt from the bottom of a bottom pouring type smelting crucible after the aluminum-silicon alloy layer at the upper part of the melt is solidified, and filtering to obtain high-purity Bi;
(5) And (3) raising the temperature of the aluminum-silicon alloy in the crucible to 670-800 ℃ again for smelting, and adopting a tilting pouring method to pour ingots or directly pour castings after filtering the refined aluminum-silicon melt.
Further, in the step (2), the content of manganese in the Al-Mn master alloy is 9% -11%.
And (3) filtering out particles in the Bi-rich melt by adopting a ceramic filter screen in the step (4).
Further, the high purity Bi obtained in the step (4) can be reused.
Further, in the step (5), a ceramic filter screen is adopted to filter out sediment at the bottom of the aluminum silicon melt during casting.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
According to the invention, elements such as Bi, mn and the like are added in the refining process of the aluminum-silicon alloy, so that the aim of removing iron with high efficiency is fulfilled. Mn can inhibit the growth of needle-like primary beta iron-rich phase in aluminium-silicon alloy, so that impurity iron can be grown in polygonal or Chinese character form iron-rich phase form. The Bi element can further promote the growth of the primary iron-rich phase in a polygonal form, and meanwhile, the eutectic silicon and the eutectic iron-rich phase can be refined. Meanwhile, al-Bi is a liquid-phase immiscible alloy, and sufficient Bi is added to wrap the iron-rich phase and deposit the iron-rich phase at the bottom of the crucible. Si in the alloy can enlarge an Al-Bi liquid phase immiscible region, so that Bi liquid drops are easier to polymerize and coarsen in a melt, and the sedimentation capacity of the Bi liquid drops is improved. In addition, bi has obvious density difference and melting point difference with elements such as Al, si and the like, and Bi is easy to separate and recycle from an Al-Si melt. The method can completely eliminate needle-shaped iron-rich phases and primary iron-rich phases, and after the aluminum-silicon alloy is treated by the method, the primary iron removal rate reaches more than 50 percent, and simultaneously eutectic silicon and symbiotic iron phases can be refined. The method has simple process, and the metal Bi can be recycled in a large proportion after simple filtration.
Detailed Description
The following examples of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying examples, which are given by way of illustration of the present invention and specific embodiments and specific procedures, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1
An Al-Si alloy high-efficiency iron removal refining method comprises the following steps:
step 1, 2kg of A356 aluminum silicon alloy containing 1.25% of iron in weight percentage is weighed and put into a bottom pouring type crucible furnace to be smelted into alloy liquid at 780 ℃.
And 2, weighing 0.2kg of Al-Mn intermediate alloy containing 10% of Mn in mass percent and 0.1kg of blocky bismuth, putting into aluminum-silicon alloy liquid, smelting at 800 ℃, and uniformly stirring.
And 3, cooling the alloy melt to 630 ℃, adding 0.2kg of liquid bismuth, stirring and mixing uniformly, keeping the temperature at 630 ℃ and standing for 60 minutes, separating out Fe impurities in the melt in a polygonal iron-rich phase and a small amount of Chinese character-shaped iron-rich phase, and precipitating the Fe impurities and Bi liquid drops at the bottom of the crucible.
And 4, cooling the alloy melt to 500 ℃, discharging the molten Bi from the bottom of the crucible and filtering to obtain high-purity Bi when the aluminum-silicon alloy layer at the upper part of the melt is solidified.
And 5, raising the temperature of the rest aluminum-silicon alloy in the crucible to 720 ℃ again for smelting, and pouring ingots after filtering the aluminum-silicon melt by adopting a tilting pouring method.
The iron content of the a356 al-si alloy was tested to be reduced from 1.25% to 0.45% according to the method of this example.
Example 2
An Al-Si alloy high-efficiency iron removal refining method comprises the following steps:
Step 1, 2kg of A356 aluminum silicon alloy containing 0.38% of iron in weight percentage is weighed and put into a bottom pouring type crucible furnace to be smelted into alloy liquid at 780 ℃.
And 2, weighing 0.1kg of Al-Mn intermediate alloy containing 10% of Mn in mass percent and 0.1kg of blocky bismuth, putting into aluminum-silicon alloy liquid, smelting at 800 ℃, and uniformly stirring.
And 3, cooling the alloy melt to 650 ℃, adding 0.3kg of liquid bismuth, stirring and mixing uniformly, keeping the temperature at 650 ℃ and standing for 60 minutes, separating out Fe impurities in the melt in a polygonal iron-rich phase and a small amount of Chinese character-shaped iron-rich phase, and precipitating the Fe impurities and Bi liquid drops at the bottom of the crucible.
And 4, cooling the alloy melt to 350 ℃, discharging the molten Bi from the bottom of the crucible and filtering to obtain high-purity Bi when the aluminum-silicon alloy layer at the upper part of the melt is solidified.
And 5, raising the temperature of the rest aluminum-silicon alloy in the crucible to 720 ℃ again for smelting, and pouring ingots after filtering the aluminum-silicon melt by adopting a tilting pouring method.
The iron content of the a356 al-si alloy was tested to be reduced from 0.38% to 0.18% according to the method of this example.
The above description is illustrative of the invention and is not intended to be limiting, but is to be construed as being included within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A high-efficiency iron-removing refining method for aluminum-silicon alloy is characterized in that: bi and Mn are used as main iron removal components.
2. The method for high-efficiency iron-removing refining of aluminum-silicon alloy according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) Smelting aluminum-silicon alloy in a bottom pouring type smelting crucible at 720-800 ℃;
(2) Adding Al-Mn intermediate alloy according to the content of impurity iron in the smelted aluminum-silicon alloy, so that the mass ratio of Mn to Fe is 0.5-2:1, adding Bi accounting for 1-10% of the total mass of the aluminum-silicon alloy, smelting at 720-800 ℃ to ensure that the components are uniform;
(3) Cooling the alloy melt to 610-670 ℃, adding Bi accounting for 5-15% of the total mass of the aluminum-silicon alloy, uniformly mixing, preserving heat, standing for 30-120 minutes, separating out Fe impurities in the melt by using polygonal iron-rich phases and a small amount of Chinese character-shaped iron-rich phases, and precipitating the Fe impurities and Bi liquid drops to the bottom of a crucible;
(4) Cooling the alloy melt to 350-550 ℃, pouring Bi-rich melt from the bottom of a bottom pouring type smelting crucible after the aluminum-silicon alloy layer at the upper part of the melt is solidified, and filtering to obtain high-purity Bi;
(5) And (3) raising the temperature of the aluminum-silicon alloy in the crucible to 670-800 ℃ again for smelting, and adopting a tilting pouring method to pour ingots or directly pour castings after filtering the refined aluminum-silicon melt.
3. The method for efficient iron-removing refining of aluminum-silicon alloy according to claim 2, wherein in the step (2), the content of manganese in the Al-Mn master alloy is 9% -11%.
4. The method for efficient iron-removing refining of aluminum-silicon alloy according to claim 2, wherein the ceramic filter screen is adopted in the step (4) to filter out the particulate matters in the Bi-rich melt.
5. The method for high-efficiency iron-removing refining of aluminum-silicon alloy according to claim 2, wherein in the step (5), a ceramic filter screen is adopted to filter out sediment at the bottom of the aluminum-silicon melt during casting.
6. The method for efficient iron-removing refining of aluminum-silicon alloy according to claim 2, wherein the high purity Bi obtained in step (4) is reusable.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202410161547.3A CN118006892A (en) | 2024-02-05 | 2024-02-05 | High-efficiency iron removal refining method for aluminum-silicon alloy |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202410161547.3A CN118006892A (en) | 2024-02-05 | 2024-02-05 | High-efficiency iron removal refining method for aluminum-silicon alloy |
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| CN202410161547.3A Pending CN118006892A (en) | 2024-02-05 | 2024-02-05 | High-efficiency iron removal refining method for aluminum-silicon alloy |
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- 2024-02-05 CN CN202410161547.3A patent/CN118006892A/en active Pending
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