CN114507787B - Method for refining as-cast structure of aluminum alloy - Google Patents
Method for refining as-cast structure of aluminum alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN114507787B CN114507787B CN202011290083.4A CN202011290083A CN114507787B CN 114507787 B CN114507787 B CN 114507787B CN 202011290083 A CN202011290083 A CN 202011290083A CN 114507787 B CN114507787 B CN 114507787B
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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Abstract
The application discloses a method for refining an as-cast structure of an aluminum alloy, which relates to the technical field of metallurgy and comprises the steps of taking the aluminum alloy and rare earth; smelting an aluminum alloy; in the smelting process of the aluminum alloy, adding rare earth in the form of intermediate alloy to obtain an aluminum alloy melt; wherein the concentration of the rare earth in the aluminum alloy melt is 0.01-1.2wt%. Degassing the aluminum alloy melt; filtering the degassed aluminum alloy melt; performing primary electromagnetic purification treatment on the filtered aluminum alloy melt; adding a refiner to the aluminum alloy melt subjected to the first electromagnetic purification treatment; carrying out secondary electromagnetic purification treatment on the aluminum alloy melt added with the refiner; and casting the aluminum alloy melt subjected to the second electromagnetic purification treatment. Therefore, the method can inhibit the nucleation behavior in the early solidification stage by adding a proper amount of rare earth elements into the aluminum alloy melt.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of metallurgy, in particular to a method for refining an as-cast structure of an aluminum alloy.
Background
With the wide application of aluminum products in industrial production and people's life, especially in the high-tech scientific and technical fields, more strict requirements are put forward on the structure and performance of the aluminum products in the subsequent processing technology, and one of the key factors for controlling the structure and performance of the aluminum products is the fused and cast fine equiaxed alpha-Al grain structure.
The fine equiaxial alpha-Al crystal grain structure can not only improve the strength and the plasticity of the metal material, but also effectively inhibit segregation, eliminate internal stress, reduce the hot cracking tendency and improve the comprehensive performance of the material. Therefore, refining the as-cast grains is an important way to solve the above problems. Currently, the more mature method in industry is to add a refiner to an aluminum alloy melt before casting to increase the density of nucleation cores, thereby realizing the refinement of an alloy as-cast structure. Commonly used refiners include Al-Ti-B and Al-Ti-C, which produce grain refinement effects derived from the excellent nucleation base TiB2 or TiC in the refiners mentioned above.
Research proves that the refining effect of the refiner can be influenced by the size distribution of the nucleation substrate. According to the nucleation theory, particles with larger diameters will nucleate first and have an inhibitory effect on surrounding un-nucleated substrate particles. Therefore, it is often difficult to produce a desired refining effect by simply increasing the amount of the refiner.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the application is to provide a method for refining an as-cast structure of an aluminum alloy, which can refine the as-cast structure of the aluminum alloy by adding a proper amount of rare earth elements into an aluminum alloy melt.
The embodiment of the application is realized as follows:
a method for refining an as-cast structure of an aluminum alloy comprises the steps of smelting the aluminum alloy and adding rare earth to obtain an aluminum alloy melt; filtering the degassed aluminum alloy melt; performing primary electromagnetic purification treatment on the filtered aluminum alloy melt; adding a refiner to the aluminum alloy melt subjected to the first electromagnetic purification treatment; carrying out secondary electromagnetic purification treatment on the aluminum alloy melt added with the refiner; and casting the aluminum alloy melt subjected to the second electromagnetic purification treatment.
In an embodiment, before the filtering the aluminum alloy melt, degassing the aluminum alloy melt is further performed.
In one embodiment, the smelting of the aluminum alloy and the addition of the rare earth to obtain the aluminum alloy melt comprises taking the aluminum alloy and the rare earth; smelting the aluminum alloy; in the smelting process of the aluminum alloy, adding rare earth in the form of intermediate alloy to obtain the aluminum alloy melt; wherein the concentration of the rare earth in the aluminum alloy melt is 0.01-1.2wt%.
In one embodiment, the material of the refiner comprises Al-Ti-B, al-Ti-C, sc or Er.
In one embodiment, al-Ti-B is used as the refiner.
In one embodiment, the power of the first electromagnetic cleaning process is greater than the power of the second electromagnetic cleaning process;
in one embodiment, the ratio of the power of the second electromagnetic cleaning process to the power of the first electromagnetic cleaning process is 0.3-0.9.
In one embodiment, the rare earth can be lanthanum, cerium or lanthanum-cerium composite rare earth.
In one embodiment, the rare earth is lanthanum-cerium composite rare earth.
In one embodiment, the filtration process employs a ceramic filter plate.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect of this application is:
according to the method for refining the as-cast structure of the aluminum alloy, a proper amount of rare earth elements are added into the aluminum alloy melt, so that the nucleation behavior at the initial solidification stage can be inhibited, and the as-cast structure of the aluminum alloy can be refined.
Drawings
To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other related drawings based on the drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 shows TiB in Al-5Ti-1B refiner 2 Diameter profile of the particles.
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a method of refining an as-cast structure of an aluminum alloy according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a method for refining an as-cast structure of an aluminum alloy according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
FIG. 4 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a method of refining an as-cast structure of an aluminum alloy according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 5 is a schematic metallographic macroscopic grain structure of an aluminum alloy according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 6 is a schematic metallographic macroscopic grain structure of an aluminum alloy according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 7 is a metallographic macroscopic grain structure schematic diagram of an aluminum alloy according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and not for purposes of indicating or implying relative importance, and do not denote any order or order.
Furthermore, the terms "horizontal", "vertical", "suspended" and the like do not imply that the components are absolutely horizontal or suspended, but may be slightly inclined. For example, "horizontal" merely means that the direction is more horizontal than "vertical" and does not mean that the structure must be perfectly horizontal, but may be slightly inclined.
In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "inside", "outside", "left", "right", "upper", "lower", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings or orientations or positional relationships that are usually placed when products of the application are used, and are only used for convenience of description and simplification of the description, but do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present application.
In the description of the present application, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements.
The technical solution of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Please refer to fig. 1, which shows TiB in Al-5Ti-1B refiner 2 Diameter profile of the particles. Grinding machineIt was confirmed that the refining effect of the refiner is influenced by the size distribution of the nucleation substrate. Taking Al-5Ti-1B as an example, the TiB2 particle diameter is from 0.3 μm to 6 μm, and the number of particles with larger diameter is relatively less. According to the nucleation theory, the particles with larger diameter will nucleate first and produce inhibiting effect on the surrounding un-nucleated substrate particles, and it is often difficult to produce ideal refining effect by simply increasing the amount of the refiner. Therefore, rare earth is added into the aluminum alloy melt while the refining capability of the existing refiner is utilized, so that the as-cast structure of the aluminum alloy can be better refined.
Please refer to fig. 2, which is a flowchart illustrating a method for refining an as-cast structure of an aluminum alloy according to an embodiment of the present application. A method of refining an as-cast structure of an aluminum alloy, the method comprising the steps of:
step S101: and smelting the aluminum alloy and adding rare earth to obtain an aluminum alloy melt.
In the above steps, the rare earth element may be used for as-cast structure refinement of the aluminum alloy. However, since rare earth elements are actually a collective name of 17 elements, the roles and mechanisms of the elements are not the same. Currently, scandium (Sc) and erbium (Er) are known to have better refining effect, and the refining mechanism is clear. Al3Sc or Al3Er compound particles are formed in the aluminum alloy melt, and the lattice type and the lattice constant of the compound particles are similar to those of solid aluminum, so that the compound particles can be used as an effective nucleation core to promote the nucleation of alpha-Al grains. The rare earth lanthanum (La) and cerium (Ce) are cheaper rare earth elements and have large reserves.
Therefore, in this embodiment, the rare earth elements lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce) or lanthanum-cerium composite rare earth (La/Ce) are selected, and further, lanthanum-cerium composite rare earth (La/Ce) is selected. And at the final stage of aluminum alloy smelting, adding lanthanum-cerium composite rare earth (La/Ce) in the form of intermediate alloy to obtain an aluminum alloy melt. Wherein, certain simple substances are made into alloy, so that the alloy is convenient to be added into the alloy, the problems of burning loss, difficult melting of high-melting point alloy and the like are solved, and the special alloy which has little influence on raw materials is called intermediate alloy. The concentration of lanthanum-cerium composite rare earth (La/Ce) in the aluminum alloy melt is 0.01-1.2wt%, and the flow rate of the aluminum alloy melt is 5 tons/hour. Furthermore, the concentration of the lanthanum-cerium composite rare earth (La/Ce) in the aluminum alloy melt is 0.06wt%, and the lanthanum-cerium composite rare earth (La/Ce) plays a role in inhibiting nucleation behavior at the initial solidification stage in the solidification process of the aluminum alloy melt, so that the supercooling degree of the alloy melt is improved.
Step S102: and filtering the aluminum alloy melt.
In the steps, the aluminum alloy melt subjected to degassing treatment is filtered, and the aluminum alloy melt can be filtered by adopting a ceramic filter plate for removing primary coarse inclusions more than 10 microns in the aluminum alloy melt. The ceramic filter plate may be 60 mesh size.
Step S103: and performing primary electromagnetic purification treatment on the filtered aluminum alloy melt.
In the steps, the power of electromagnetic purification is 36kW, primary micro inclusions below 10 micrometers are completely removed, and a relatively clean melt is obtained.
Step S104: and adding a refiner to the aluminum alloy melt subjected to the first electromagnetic purification treatment.
In the above steps, a refiner is added to the aluminum alloy melt, and the material of the refiner includes aluminum titanium boron (Al-Ti-B), aluminum titanium carbon (Al-Ti-C), scandium (Sc) or erbium (Er), in this embodiment, the aluminum titanium boron (Al-Ti-B) refiner is selected, further, al-5Ti-1B refiner is selected, and the addition amount is 0.25 g of refiner per 100 g of aluminum alloy melt.
Step S105: and carrying out secondary electromagnetic purification treatment on the aluminum alloy melt added with the refiner.
In the above steps, because the grain size distribution of the refiner is large, a small power is used in the second electromagnetic purification treatment. Therefore, the power of the second electromagnetic cleaning process needs to be smaller than the power of the first electromagnetic cleaning process, further, the ratio of the power of the second electromagnetic cleaning process to the power of the first electromagnetic cleaning process is 0.3-0.9, and in this embodiment, the power of the second electromagnetic cleaning process is 22kW. And the second electromagnetic purification treatment only removes the refiner particles within the range of 3-10 microns, and after the second electromagnetic purification treatment, the size distribution of the refiner particles in the aluminum alloy melt is mainly concentrated at 1-2 microns.
Step S106: and casting the aluminum alloy melt subjected to the secondary electromagnetic purification treatment.
In the steps, after the treatment is finished, the molten aluminum is subjected to semi-continuous casting to form an ingot, and the casting temperature is 700 ℃. The average grain size of the alloy was found to be between 80 and 120 microns.
The application range of the method for refining the as-cast structure of the aluminum alloy is that the method is suitable for the aluminum alloy which can be refined by using the Al-Ti-B refiner, the Al-Ti-C refiner, the Sc-containing refiner or the Er-containing refiner and can be used for the continuous casting and semi-continuous casting processes, and the method is more suitable for preparing cast ingots with higher requirements on alloy quality because 2 times of electromagnetic purification is needed and the casting cost is properly increased.
Please refer to fig. 3, which is a flowchart illustrating a method for refining an as-cast structure of an aluminum alloy according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. A method of refining an as-cast structure of an aluminum alloy, the method comprising the steps of:
step S201: and smelting the aluminum alloy and adding rare earth to obtain an aluminum alloy melt.
Refer to the description of step S101 in the above embodiments in detail.
Step S202: and degassing the aluminum alloy melt.
Step S203: and filtering the aluminum alloy melt subjected to degassing treatment.
In the steps, the aluminum alloy melt subjected to degassing treatment is filtered, and the aluminum alloy melt can be filtered by adopting a ceramic filter plate for removing primary coarse inclusions more than 10 microns in the aluminum alloy melt. The ceramic filter plate may be 60 mesh size.
Step S204: and performing primary electromagnetic purification treatment on the filtered aluminum alloy melt.
Refer to the description of step S103 in the above embodiments in detail.
Step S205: and adding a refiner to the aluminum alloy melt subjected to the first electromagnetic purification treatment.
Refer to the description of step S104 in the above embodiments in detail.
Step S206: and carrying out secondary electromagnetic purification treatment on the aluminum alloy melt added with the refiner.
Refer to the description of step S105 in the above embodiments in detail.
Step S207: and casting the aluminum alloy melt subjected to the second electromagnetic purification treatment.
Refer to the description of step S106 in the above embodiments in detail.
Please refer to fig. 4, which is a flowchart illustrating a method for refining an as-cast structure of an aluminum alloy according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. A method of refining an as-cast structure of an aluminum alloy, the method comprising the steps of:
step S301: taking aluminum alloy and rare earth.
Step S302: and (4) smelting the aluminum alloy.
Step S303: in the smelting process of the aluminum alloy, rare earth is added in the form of intermediate alloy to obtain an aluminum alloy melt.
Step S304: and degassing the aluminum alloy melt.
Refer to the description of step S202 in the above embodiments in detail.
Step S305: and filtering the aluminum alloy melt subjected to degassing treatment.
Refer to the description of step S203 in the above embodiments in detail.
Step S306: and performing primary electromagnetic purification treatment on the filtered aluminum alloy melt.
Refer to the description of step S204 in the above embodiments in detail.
Step S307: and adding a refiner to the aluminum alloy melt subjected to the first electromagnetic purification treatment.
Refer to the description of step S205 in the above embodiments in detail.
Step S308: and carrying out secondary electromagnetic purification treatment on the aluminum alloy melt added with the refiner.
Refer to the description of step S206 in the above embodiments in detail.
Step S309: and casting the aluminum alloy melt subjected to the second electromagnetic purification treatment.
Refer to the description of step S207 in the above embodiment in detail.
Please refer to fig. 5, which is a schematic metallographic structure of a macro-grain structure of an aluminum alloy according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. In the semi-continuous casting process of the Al-1.0Si alloy, lanthanum-cerium composite rare earth (La/Ce) is added in the form of intermediate alloy at the final stage of smelting the Al-1.0Si alloy, the concentration of the lanthanum-cerium composite rare earth (La/Ce) in an aluminum alloy melt is 0.06wt%, and the flow rate of aluminum liquid is 5 tons/hour. After smelting and degassing, a 60-mesh ceramic filter plate is adopted for filtering, and then an electromagnetic purification device is adopted for primary purification treatment, wherein the electromagnetic purification power is 36kW. Then adding Al-5Ti-1B refiner into the aluminum alloy melt, wherein the addition amount of the refiner is 0.25 g per 100 g of the aluminum alloy melt. Then, an electromagnetic purification device is adopted for secondary treatment, and the electromagnetic purification power is 22kW. After the treatment, the aluminum liquid enters a crystallizer for semi-continuous casting to form an ingot, and the casting temperature is 700 ℃. The average grain size of the alloy was examined to be 100 microns.
Please refer to fig. 6, which is a schematic diagram of a metallographic macro-grain structure of an aluminum alloy according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Please refer to fig. 7, which is a schematic metallographic structure of a macro-grain structure of an aluminum alloy according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 6 is a metallographic structure of macroscopic structure of Al-Cu alloy cast at 710 ℃ without rare earth addition, and FIG. 7 is a metallographic structure of macroscopic structure of Al-Cu alloy obtained by adding lanthanum-cerium composite rare earth (La/Ce) during casting at 710 ℃. As is clear from fig. 6 and 7, the grain size of the as-cast structure of the alloy was significantly coarsened by the addition of the lanthanum cerium (La/Ce) misch metal.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made to the present application by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (8)
1. A method of refining an as-cast structure of an aluminum alloy, comprising:
smelting aluminum alloy and adding rare earth to obtain an aluminum alloy melt;
filtering the aluminum alloy melt;
performing primary electromagnetic purification treatment on the filtered aluminum alloy melt;
adding a refiner to the aluminum alloy melt subjected to the first electromagnetic purification treatment;
carrying out secondary electromagnetic purification treatment on the aluminum alloy melt added with the refiner;
casting the aluminum alloy melt subjected to the second electromagnetic purification treatment, wherein,
the power of the first electromagnetic purification treatment is larger than that of the second electromagnetic purification treatment;
the ratio of the power of the second electromagnetic purification treatment to the power of the first electromagnetic purification treatment is 0.3-0.9.
2. The method of refining an as-cast structure of an aluminum alloy as recited in claim 1, further comprising, prior to the filtering the aluminum alloy melt:
and degassing the aluminum alloy melt.
3. The method for refining the as-cast structure of the aluminum alloy as recited in claim 1, wherein the step of melting the aluminum alloy and adding rare earth to obtain the aluminum alloy melt comprises the following steps:
taking the aluminum alloy and the rare earth;
smelting the aluminum alloy;
in the smelting process of the aluminum alloy, adding rare earth in the form of intermediate alloy to obtain the aluminum alloy melt;
wherein the concentration of the rare earth in the aluminum alloy melt is 0.01-1.2wt%.
4. A method of refining an as-cast aluminum alloy structure as recited in claim 1 in which the material of the refiner comprises Al-Ti-B, al-Ti-C, sc or Er.
5. The method for refining the as-cast structure of aluminum alloy according to claim 4, wherein Al-Ti-B is used as the material of the refiner.
6. The method for refining as-cast structure of aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein said rare earth can be lanthanum, cerium or lanthanum-cerium composite rare earth.
7. The method for refining as-cast structure of aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 6, wherein said rare earth is lanthanum cerium composite rare earth.
8. The method of refining an as-cast structure of an aluminum alloy as recited in claim 1, wherein said filtering treatment employs a ceramic filter plate.
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| CN110184485A (en) * | 2019-06-05 | 2019-08-30 | 福建船政交通职业学院 | 3003 aluminum alloy plate materials of one kind and its pre-treating technology |
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