CN118002790A - Preparation method and application of high-purity aluminum or aluminum alloy powder - Google Patents
Preparation method and application of high-purity aluminum or aluminum alloy powder Download PDFInfo
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- CN118002790A CN118002790A CN202410025553.6A CN202410025553A CN118002790A CN 118002790 A CN118002790 A CN 118002790A CN 202410025553 A CN202410025553 A CN 202410025553A CN 118002790 A CN118002790 A CN 118002790A
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 187
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 174
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 158
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 125
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 98
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000010288 cold spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 60
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 27
- INHCSSUBVCNVSK-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium sulfate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O INHCSSUBVCNVSK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 12
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 abstract description 31
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 31
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 29
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 16
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- -1 therefore Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000531 Co alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000599 Cr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000914 Mn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Raney nickel Chemical class [Al].[Ni] NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000542 Sc alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910000756 V alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001093 Zr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZGUQGPFMMTZGBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Al].[Al].[Zr] Chemical compound [Al].[Al].[Zr] ZGUQGPFMMTZGBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QQHSIRTYSFLSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynechromium Chemical compound [Al].[Cr] QQHSIRTYSFLSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MDKXFHZSHLHFLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynecobalt Chemical compound [Al].[Co] MDKXFHZSHLHFLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WPPDFTBPZNZZRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum copper Chemical compound [Al].[Cu] WPPDFTBPZNZZRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LUKDNTKUBVKBMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum scandium Chemical compound [Al].[Sc] LUKDNTKUBVKBMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HIMLGVIQSDVUJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum vanadium Chemical compound [Al].[V] HIMLGVIQSDVUJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000788 chromium alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000004673 fluoride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VHHHONWQHHHLTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexachloroethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl VHHHONWQHHHLTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910004261 CaF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004074 SiF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical group [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003841 chloride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007123 defense Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009689 gas atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002920 hazardous waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phencyclidine Chemical compound C1CCCCN1C1(C=2C=CC=CC=2)CCCCC1 JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002760 rocket fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of high-purity aluminum or aluminum alloy powder, which sequentially comprises the following steps: smelting and preparing aluminum or aluminum alloy liquid according to the component composition and mass percent of aluminum or aluminum alloy powder, adopting inert gas and refining agent to spray and refine the aluminum or aluminum alloy liquid to remove impurities, adopting a degassing machine to remove hydrogen from the aluminum or aluminum alloy liquid, atomizing the aluminum or aluminum alloy liquid into powder under the protection of the inert gas, and screening the aluminum or aluminum alloy powder. The invention improves the purity of aluminum and aluminum alloy liquid by scientifically designing the smelting, impurity removal, hydrogen removal and atomization powder making process of aluminum and aluminum alloy, obtains superfine spherical aluminum and aluminum alloy powder with high purity, and reduces the production cost of aluminum and aluminum alloy powder. The invention also discloses application of the high-purity aluminum and aluminum alloy powder in the technical fields of additive manufacturing, cold spraying and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum powder preparation, and particularly relates to a preparation method and application of high-purity aluminum or aluminum alloy powder.
Background
Aluminum powder is an important material indispensable to modern national defense, modern industry, advanced science and technology and people's life, and is widely applied to the fields of military, aerospace, metallurgy, chemical industry, energy, new materials, advanced manufacturing and the like, such as rocket fuel, military explosives, steelmaking deoxidizers, powder coatings, anti-corrosion and rust-proof paint, refractory materials, flux-cored wires and the like. With the rapid development of advanced manufacturing technologies such as additive manufacturing, cold spraying repair and the like, the requirements on purity, particle size and sphericity of aluminum powder are higher and higher.
The patent application with publication number CN116254443A discloses an aluminum alloy powder, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the aluminum alloy powder comprises ：Mg 2.5-4.5％,Zr 0.15-1.65％,Mn 0.51-2.0％,Si 0.1-1.5％,Sc≤0.5％,Zn≤0.5％,Ti≤0.5％,Fe≤0.4％,Er≤0.5％,Y≤0.5％,Sc+Er+Y：0～0.5％,Mg+Mn：3.0～5.5％, mass percent of the rest Al and non-removable impurity elements. The preparation method comprises the following steps: weighing pure metal cast ingot and/or alloy ingot, vacuum smelting, atomizing to prepare powder, screening, and vacuum drying.
The patent application with publication number CN111778433A discloses an aluminum alloy powder material for 3D printing, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the aluminum alloy powder material comprises the following components ：Mg 6.5-8.5％,Sc 0.45-0.65％,Zr 0.22-0.33％,Mn 0.15-0.5％,Fe 0.04-0.06％,Ni 0.06-0.08％,Si 0.55-0.8％,Zn 0.07-0.09％,Cr 0.05-0.08％, in percentage by mass, other microelements comprise Er and Ce, the total content is 0.05-0.06%, and the balance is Al. The preparation method comprises the steps of mixing the elements in proportion, carrying out vacuum induction smelting-inert gas atomization powder preparation by adopting a one-step method, and carrying out vibration screening or air classification treatment on the obtained powder.
The patent application with publication number of CN104227263A discloses a low-melting-point high-strength aluminum alloy powder solder and a preparation method thereof, wherein the aluminum alloy powder solder consists of ：Si 8.69-9.5％、Cu 16.59-17.5％、Ge 8.59-9.5％、Ni 4.5-5.0％、Zn 4.0-5.0％、Sr 0.709-0.75％、Bi 0.35-0.40％、La 0.40-0.45％、Ce 0.409-0.55％、Yb 0.109-0.20％、 of the following components in percentage by mass and the balance of Al. The preparation method comprises the following steps: vacuum induction smelting, water-cooling a copper mold ingot to obtain a master alloy ingot, crushing the master alloy ingot, melting the master alloy ingot, vacuum rapidly quenching, and ball-milling the rapidly quenched alloy to obtain the aluminum alloy powder solder.
In the smelting process of aluminum and aluminum alloy, the aluminum liquid can react with moisture and materials in the atmosphere to generate hydrogen absorption, meanwhile, the aluminum liquid can oxidize to generate aluminum oxide and other impurities, if the hydrogen and the impurities remain in aluminum and aluminum alloy powder, the hydrogen and the impurities can be finally left in additive manufacturing parts and cold spray coatings, and finally the mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, wear resistance and the like of the additive manufacturing parts and the cold spray coatings are reduced. Therefore, obtaining high purity aluminum and aluminum alloy powders is critical to improving the quality of additive manufactured parts and cold sprayed coatings.
From the aspects of production practice and document data retrieval results, the main way of obtaining high-purity aluminum or aluminum alloy powder at present adopts a vacuum smelting method, but equipment investment of vacuum smelting is larger and is limited by the capacity of the vacuum smelting aluminum, so that the vacuum smelting is difficult to produce on a large scale, and finally the production cost of the aluminum and aluminum alloy powder is high, thereby greatly limiting the application of the high-purity aluminum and aluminum alloy powder in the fields of additive manufacturing, cold spraying repair and the like. Thus, the existing methods for preparing aluminum or aluminum alloy powders have yet to be improved and developed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and the defects, and provides a preparation method and application of high-purity aluminum or aluminum alloy powder, wherein the purity of aluminum and aluminum alloy powder is improved by scientifically designing a smelting and atomizing powder preparation process of aluminum and aluminum alloy, high-purity superfine spherical aluminum and aluminum alloy powder is obtained, the production cost of the aluminum and aluminum alloy powder is reduced, and the requirements of the fields of additive manufacturing, cold spraying and the like on high-quality high-performance aluminum or aluminum alloy powder are met.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
the invention provides a preparation method of high-purity aluminum or aluminum alloy powder, which is characterized by comprising the following steps in sequence:
step one: smelting and preparing aluminum or aluminum alloy liquid according to the component composition and mass percentage of aluminum or aluminum alloy powder;
step two: adopting inert gas and refining agent to spray and refine aluminum or aluminum alloy liquid to remove impurities, and then removing scum on the surface of the aluminum or aluminum alloy liquid;
Step three: carrying out dehydrogenation treatment on aluminum or aluminum alloy liquid by adopting a deaerator;
step four: transferring the aluminum or aluminum alloy liquid into an atomization powder making machine, and atomizing the aluminum or aluminum alloy liquid into powder under the protection of inert gas;
Step five: and screening the aluminum or aluminum alloy powder to obtain the high-purity aluminum or aluminum alloy powder.
The smelting preparation comprises the steps of selecting pure aluminum ingots, pure metals or intermediate alloys according to the component composition and the mass percentage of aluminum or aluminum alloy powder, weighing the weight of each raw material after calculation, and then putting the raw materials into a smelting furnace to heat and melt the raw materials into aluminum or aluminum alloy liquid, or directly selecting aluminum or aluminum alloy with the same component composition and mass percentage as the aluminum or aluminum alloy powder to heat and melt the raw materials into the smelting furnace to obtain the aluminum or aluminum alloy liquid.
Preferably, the inert gas in the second step is argon with the purity of 99.99 percent, the consumption of the refining agent accounts for 0.1 to 0.2 percent of the weight of the aluminum or aluminum alloy liquid, the temperature of the aluminum or aluminum alloy liquid during refining is 720 to 740 ℃, and the refining time is 10 to 20 minutes.
The impurities in the aluminum and aluminum alloy liquid are mainly aluminum oxide, mainly derived from aluminum oxide films on the surfaces of raw materials such as aluminum ingots, intermediate alloys and the like and aluminum oxide generated by the oxidation of the aluminum liquid in the smelting process, and other impurities also comprise combustion products of non-aluminum materials, slag and the like from a furnace lining. If not completely removed, the impurities are left in the aluminum or aluminum alloy powder to form looseness, so that the compactness of the aluminum or aluminum alloy powder is reduced, and various properties of additive manufactured parts and cold spray coatings are finally reduced.
Inert gas is adopted as a carrier, and a powder solid refining agent is sprayed into aluminum or aluminum alloy liquid through a powder spraying tank to perform refining and impurity removal, so that the method is the most commonly used impurity removal method in the field of aluminum processing. In order to obtain a better impurity removing effect, and at the same time, the aluminum or aluminum alloy liquid does not absorb hydrogen and oxidize, and inert gas argon with higher purity is required to be selected as carrier gas. The amount of the refining agent is not too small, the temperature of the aluminum or aluminum alloy liquid during refining is not too low, the refining time is not too short, and the impurity removal effect is not ideal. The amount of the refining agent is not too large, the temperature of the aluminum or aluminum alloy liquid during refining cannot be too high, the refining time cannot be too long, and if not, the oxidation and hydrogen absorption of the aluminum liquid are increased, and the production cost is increased. It should be noted that, because the inert gas nitrogen will react with the aluminum liquid to produce aluminum nitride, not only aluminum or aluminum alloy liquid will be added with aluminum nitride inclusion, but also aluminum slag containing aluminum nitride belongs to hazardous waste, therefore, inert gas argon is selected, and inert gas nitrogen cannot be selected.
Preferably, the refining agent in the second step consists of the following components in percentage by mass ：ZnCl2 45.1％,K2CO3 25.3％,NaNO3 7.6％,KF 11.5％,K2SO4 6.3％,Li2SO4 4.2％.
Preferably, the preparation method of the refining agent in the second step sequentially comprises the following steps:
(1) ZnCl 2、K2CO3、NaNO3、KF、K2SO4、Li2SO4 with purity more than or equal to 99.8% is selected as raw material and is proportioned according to the component composition and mass percentage of the refining agent;
(2) Heating and melting raw materials at 1150 ℃ under the protection of argon with purity more than or equal to 99.99%, and cooling and solidifying the raw materials to form a block refining agent;
(3) And (3) crushing the block refining agent into powder with the particle size less than or equal to 2mm to obtain the refining agent.
The impurity removing effect on aluminum or aluminum alloy liquid is closely related to the component composition and the preparation method of the refining agent besides the refining process. The existing commercial refining agent is mainly prepared by directly crushing and mixing raw materials such as sodium salt, fluoride salt, chloride salt and hexachloroethane, and the components of the refining agent are mutually independent, so that the refining agent has high melting point and low impurity removal efficiency, and even if a large amount of refining agent is used, high-purity aluminum or aluminum alloy liquid cannot be obtained. In order to improve refining effect, the inventor researches and researches a large amount of experiments, a high-efficiency novel refining agent is developed, the refining agent takes ZnCl 2 and K 2CO3 as main components, a small amount of NaNO 3、KF、K2SO4 and Li 2SO4 are matched, meanwhile, the traditional mechanical mixing preparation method is broken through, raw materials are heated and melted at 1150 ℃ under the protection of argon, then cooled and solidified and crushed into a powdery refining agent, the melting point of ZnCl 2 is about 290 ℃, the melting point of NaNO 3 is 306.8 ℃, the melting point of K 2CO3 is 891 ℃, the melting point of KF is 858 ℃, the melting point of K 2SO4 is 1069 ℃, the melting point of Li 2SO4 is 859 ℃, although the melting point of K 2CO3、KF、K2SO4、Li2SO4 is higher, K 2CO3 and KF form KF-K 2CO3 eutectic with the melting point of only 688 ℃, the melting point of K 2SO4 and Li 2SO4 form K 2SO4·Li2SO4 eutectic with the melting point of only 716 ℃, the melting point of the refining agent is greatly reduced, the refining agent is easier to be melted in aluminum or aluminum alloy liquid, the melting point of ZnCl 2 is more easily decomposed, the high-efficiency impurities in the process of removing impurity and the impurity in the aluminum alloy is carried out, and the impurity in the process is removed by using the high-efficiency gas, and the impurity in the process is carried out. The K 2SO4·Li2SO4 eutectic is melted into liquid molten salt, has good wetting spheroidization effect on impurities such as alumina, promotes the separation of the impurities and aluminum or aluminum alloy liquid, and can further improve impurity removal efficiency. In addition, the refining agent does not contain sodium salt and hexachloroethane, only contains a small amount of fluoride salt, and is more environment-friendly to use.
Preferably, the rotation speed of the graphite rotor of the deaerator in the step three is 800-900 rpm, the flow rate of the mixed gas on the graphite rotor is 5-6 cubic meters per hour, the pressure of the mixed gas is 1.6-1.9MPa, the mixed gas consists of argon with the purity of 99.99% and chlorine with the purity of 99.99%, the volume percentage of the chlorine in the mixed gas is 12-13%, and the dehydrogenation time is 20-30 minutes.
The gas in the aluminum and aluminum alloy liquid is mainly hydrogen, and mainly comes from the reaction of the aluminum liquid and water vapor in the smelting process, including the water vapor contained in the air, the water brought by furnace burden and fuel gas, and the like. The hydrogen content of the aluminum or aluminum alloy liquid is typically in the range of 0.3 to 0.5mL/100gAl before degassing. Hydrogen is mainly distributed in an aluminum or aluminum alloy liquid in an atomic or ionic state in an aluminum atomic gap, and a small amount of hydrogen is suspended in the aluminum or aluminum alloy liquid in a molecular bubble form. The solubility of hydrogen in aluminum or aluminum alloy liquids gradually decreases with decreasing temperature. The solubility of hydrogen in solid aluminum is very low, and a large number of hydrogen atoms gradually enrich and nucleate among crystals and grow up in the solidification process of aluminum or aluminum alloy liquid, and finally expand to form hydrogen holes. If the hydrogen in the aluminum or aluminum alloy liquid is not removed as clean as possible, the hydrogen is remained in the aluminum or aluminum alloy powder and finally remains in the additive manufacturing parts and the cold spray coating, the compactness of the additive manufacturing parts and the cold spray coating is reduced, and the aluminum matrix is split, so that the mechanical property, fatigue resistance, electric conduction and heat conduction properties, wear resistance and corrosion resistance and the like of the additive manufacturing parts and the cold spray coating are reduced.
The degassing machine is characterized in that a graphite rotor of the degassing machine is penetrated into aluminum or aluminum alloy liquid, mixed gas consisting of argon and chlorine is crushed into tiny bubbles through the graphite rotor rotating at high speed and enters the aluminum or aluminum alloy liquid, and hydrogen atoms in the aluminum or aluminum alloy liquid are continuously diffused into the bubbles by utilizing partial pressure difference of hydrogen between the aluminum or aluminum alloy liquid and the bubbles, and then float upwards along with the bubbles to escape from the aluminum or aluminum alloy liquid, so that the degassing effect is achieved. The dehydrogenation effect of the degassing machine is closely related to the process, the higher the rotating speed of the graphite rotor is, the higher the flow rate of the mixed gas is, the higher the purity of the mixed gas is, the longer the degassing time is, the more thorough the dehydrogenation is, and the lower the hydrogen content of aluminum or aluminum alloy liquid is after the dehydrogenation. In addition, the chlorine is added into the mixed gas, and the hydrogen atoms in the aluminum or aluminum alloy liquid are easy to combine and take away the hydrogen in the aluminum or aluminum alloy liquid due to the active nature of the chlorine, so that the hydrogen removal effect can be obviously improved, and the higher the volume percentage of the chlorine in the mixed gas is, the better the hydrogen removal effect is. The inventor carries out systematic research on key parameters such as the rotating speed of a graphite rotor, the flow rate of mixed gas, the gas pressure, the volume percentage of chlorine and the like through a large number of experiments, obtains the optimal technological parameter combination through optimal combination, does not greatly increase the production cost at the same time, and can reduce the hydrogen content of aluminum or aluminum alloy liquid to below 0.06ml/100gAl after the dehydrogenation of a degassing machine, thereby greatly improving the purity of aluminum and aluminum alloy powder.
Preferably, in the fourth step, the inert gas is argon with the purity of 99.99%, the atomizing gas is argon with the purity of 99.99%, the pressure of the atomizing gas is 7-8MPa, and the temperature of aluminum or aluminum alloy liquid during atomization is 680-690 ℃.
The atomization powder preparation is to transfer aluminum or aluminum alloy liquid into an atomization powder preparation machine, break the aluminum or aluminum alloy liquid into tiny liquid drops under the action of high-pressure gas, automatically shrink the tiny liquid drops into a sphere under the action of surface tension, and cool and solidify the tiny liquid drops to obtain spherical aluminum or aluminum alloy powder. In order to prevent oxidation and hydrogen absorption of aluminum or aluminum alloy liquid in the atomization pulverizing process, high-purity argon is needed to protect the aluminum or aluminum alloy liquid in the atomization process, and meanwhile, high-purity argon is used as atomization gas. The temperature of the aluminum or aluminum alloy liquid and the pressure of the atomizing gas during atomization are two important influencing factors which influence the particle size and sphericity of the aluminum or aluminum alloy powder. The inventor finds that the aluminum or aluminum alloy powder with small particle size and high sphericity can be obtained under the conditions that the atomization gas pressure is 7-8MPa and the aluminum or aluminum alloy liquid temperature is 680-690 ℃.
Preferably, the grain diameter of the high-purity aluminum or aluminum alloy powder in the fifth step is less than or equal to 45 micrometers.
In the fifth step, the aluminum or aluminum alloy powder is screened by adopting a vibrating screen. In order to obtain enough fluidity of aluminum or aluminum alloy powder, meet the requirements of powder paving and cold spraying powder flow in additive manufacturing, improve the surface finish and quality of cold spraying coating of parts in additive manufacturing, and generally screen out aluminum or aluminum alloy powder with the particle size less than or equal to 45 microns.
The second aspect of the invention provides application of high-purity aluminum and aluminum alloy powder, wherein the high-purity aluminum or aluminum alloy powder can be applied to the field of additive manufacturing or cold spraying.
Preferably, the high-purity aluminum powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.2 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.04 percent of Cu, less than or equal to 0.03 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.03 percent of Mg, less than or equal to 0.04 percent of Zn, less than or equal to 0.03 percent of Ti, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of V, the balance of Al and unavoidable impurities, the single less than or equal to 0.01 percent of other impurities, and the total amount of other impurities is less than or equal to 0.05 percent.
The high-purity aluminum powder is high in purity, so that the high-purity aluminum powder can be widely applied to additive manufacturing of various aluminum part samples or cold spraying repair magnesium alloy parts with low requirements on mechanical properties, and the corrosion resistance of the magnesium alloy parts is improved.
Preferably, the high-purity aluminum alloy powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 3.8-4.2% of Cu, 2.3-2.7% of Zn, 0.8-1.2% of Mg, 0.4-0.6% of Zr, 0.15-0.25% of Sc, less than or equal to 0.2% of Fe, the balance of Al and unavoidable other impurities, less than or equal to 0.05% of other impurities, and less than or equal to 0.15% of other impurities.
The high-purity aluminum alloy powder has high strength, and can be applied to additive manufacturing of various high-strength aluminum alloy part samples or cold spraying repair of defects such as sand holes, scratches and the like on the surface of the aluminum alloy part.
Preferably, the high-purity aluminum alloy powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 7.2-7.5% of Co, 1.7-2.1% of V, 4.5-4.8% of Ni, 1.2-1.5% of Mn, 0.8-1.1% of Cr, less than or equal to 0.2% of Fe, the balance of Al and unavoidable impurities, less than or equal to 0.05% of other impurities, and less than or equal to 0.15% of other impurities.
The high-purity aluminum alloy powder has high hardness, can be applied to additive manufacturing of various high-hardness wear-resistant aluminum alloy part samples or cold spraying repair of various aluminum alloy parts, and can enhance the surface wear resistance of the aluminum alloy parts.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
According to the invention, the purity of aluminum or aluminum alloy liquid is greatly improved by adopting an independently developed high-efficiency refining agent and optimizing a impurity removal and hydrogen removal process, and the aluminum or aluminum alloy liquid is atomized and milled under the protection of high-purity argon, so that secondary pollution of the aluminum or aluminum alloy liquid in the atomization and milling process is avoided, and the purity of the aluminum or aluminum alloy powder is greatly improved. Compared with the existing vacuum smelting, the invention does not need to input vacuum equipment, and is easy for large-scale industrial production, thereby being beneficial to reducing the production cost of aluminum and aluminum alloy powder. The aluminum and aluminum alloy powder prepared by the method has the hydrogen content of less than or equal to 0.06mL/100gAl, the slag content of less than or equal to 0.03mm 2/kgAl, the aluminum and aluminum alloy powder is spherical or nearly spherical in shape and fine in particle size, has excellent fluidity, and meets the requirements of the fields of additive manufacturing, cold spraying and the like on high-purity superfine spherical aluminum and aluminum alloy powder.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a morphology diagram of aluminum powder according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a morphology diagram of the aluminum alloy powder according to example 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a morphology diagram of the aluminum alloy powder according to example 3 of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the morphology of the aluminum alloy powder according to comparative example 3 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described below with reference to specific embodiments and drawings.
Example 1:
the preparation method of the high-purity aluminum powder sequentially comprises the following steps of:
Step one: according to the component composition and mass percent of the aluminum powder, pure aluminum with the same component composition and mass percent as the aluminum powder is selected and put into a smelting furnace to be smelted to prepare aluminum liquid;
step two: adopting argon with the purity of 99.99 percent and a refining agent accounting for 0.15 percent of the weight of the aluminum liquid to carry out jet refining on the aluminum liquid at the temperature of 730 ℃ for 15 minutes to remove impurities, and then removing scum on the surface of the aluminum liquid;
Step three: carrying out 24-minute dehydrogenation treatment on the aluminum liquid by adopting a degassing machine, wherein the rotating speed of a graphite rotor of the degassing machine is 860 revolutions per minute, the flow rate of mixed gas on the graphite rotor is 5.3 cubic meters per hour, the pressure of the mixed gas is 1.7MPa, the mixed gas consists of argon with the purity of 99.99 percent and chlorine with the purity of 99.99 percent, and the volume percent of the chlorine in the mixed gas is 12.5 percent;
step four: transferring the aluminum liquid into an atomization powder making machine, atomizing the aluminum liquid at 685 ℃ into powder under the protection of argon with the purity of 99.99%, wherein the atomized gas is argon with the purity of 99.99%, and the pressure of the atomized gas is 7.5MPa;
Step five: the aluminum powder is screened to obtain high-purity aluminum powder with the particle size less than or equal to 45 microns, and the high-purity aluminum powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.19% of Fe, 0.11% of Si, 0.04% of Cu, 0.02% of Mn, 0.01% of Mg, 0.01% of Zn, 0.02% of Ti, 0.03% of V, the balance of Al and unavoidable other impurities, wherein the single content of other impurities is less than or equal to 0.01%, and the total content of other impurities is less than or equal to 0.05%.
Example 2:
the preparation method of the high-purity aluminum alloy powder sequentially comprises the following steps:
step one: according to the component composition and mass percentage of the aluminum alloy powder, selecting an aluminum ingot, a magnesium ingot, a zinc ingot, an aluminum copper alloy, an aluminum zirconium alloy and an aluminum scandium alloy, and putting the aluminum ingot, the magnesium ingot, the zinc ingot, the aluminum copper alloy, the aluminum zirconium alloy and the aluminum scandium alloy into a smelting furnace for smelting to prepare an aluminum alloy liquid after calculation and weighing;
step two: adopting argon with the purity of 99.99 percent and a refining agent accounting for 0.1 percent of the weight of the aluminum alloy liquid to carry out jet refining on the aluminum alloy liquid at 740 ℃ for 10 minutes to remove impurities, and then removing scum on the surface of the aluminum alloy liquid;
Step three: carrying out 30-minute dehydrogenation treatment on the aluminum alloy liquid by adopting a deaerator, wherein the rotating speed of a graphite rotor of the deaerator is 900 revolutions per minute, the flow rate of mixed gas on the graphite rotor is 5 cubic meters per hour, the pressure of the mixed gas is 1.6MPa, the mixed gas consists of argon with the purity of 99.99 percent and chlorine with the purity of 99.99 percent, and the volume percent of the chlorine in the mixed gas is 12 percent;
Step four: transferring the aluminum alloy liquid into an atomization powder making machine, atomizing the aluminum alloy liquid with the temperature of 690 ℃ into powder under the protection of argon with the purity of 99.99%, wherein the atomized gas is argon with the purity of 99.99%, and the pressure of the atomized gas is 8MPa;
Step five: screening the aluminum alloy powder to obtain high-purity aluminum alloy powder with the grain diameter less than or equal to 45 microns, wherein the high-purity aluminum alloy powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: cu3.9%, zn 2.6%, mg 0.9%, zr 0.5%, sc 0.18%, fe 0.17%, the balance of Al and unavoidable other impurities, wherein the single content of other impurities is less than or equal to 0.05%, and the total content of other impurities is less than or equal to 0.15%.
Example 3:
the preparation method of the high-purity aluminum alloy powder sequentially comprises the following steps:
Step one: according to the component composition and mass percentage of the aluminum alloy powder, selecting aluminum ingots, aluminum cobalt alloy, aluminum vanadium alloy, aluminum nickel alloy, aluminum manganese alloy and aluminum chromium alloy, and putting the aluminum ingots, the aluminum cobalt alloy, the aluminum vanadium alloy, the aluminum nickel alloy, the aluminum manganese alloy and the aluminum chromium alloy into a smelting furnace for smelting to prepare aluminum alloy liquid after calculation and weighing;
Step two: adopting argon with the purity of 99.99 percent and a refining agent accounting for 0.2 percent of the weight of the aluminum alloy liquid to carry out jet refining on the aluminum alloy liquid at 720 ℃ for 20 minutes to remove impurities, and then removing scum on the surface of the aluminum alloy liquid;
Step three: carrying out 20-minute dehydrogenation treatment on the aluminum alloy liquid by adopting a deaerator, wherein the rotating speed of a graphite rotor of the deaerator is 800 revolutions per minute, the flow rate of mixed gas on the graphite rotor is 6 cubic meters per hour, the pressure of the mixed gas is 1.9MPa, the mixed gas consists of argon with the purity of 99.99 percent and chlorine with the purity of 99.99 percent, and the volume percent of the chlorine in the mixed gas is 13 percent;
Step four: transferring the aluminum alloy liquid into an atomization powder making machine, atomizing the aluminum alloy liquid at 680 ℃ into powder under the protection of argon with the purity of 99.99%, wherein the atomized gas is argon with the purity of 99.99%, and the pressure of the atomized gas is 7MPa;
Step five: screening the aluminum alloy powder to obtain high-purity aluminum alloy powder with the grain diameter less than or equal to 45 microns, wherein the high-purity aluminum alloy powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 7.3% of Co, 1.9% of V, 4.6% of Ni, 1.4% of Mn, 0.8% of Cr, 0.2% of Fe, the balance of Al and unavoidable other impurities, wherein the single content of other impurities is less than or equal to 0.05%, and the total content of other impurities is less than or equal to 0.15%.
In examples 1 to 3, the preparation method of the refining agent in the second step, which comprises ：ZnCl245.1％,K2CO3 25.3％,NaNO3 7.6％,KF 11.5％,K2SO4 6.3％,Li2SO4 4.2％, parts by mass of the following components, sequentially comprises the following steps: (1) ZnCl 2、K2CO3、NaNO3、KF、K2SO4、Li2SO4 with purity more than or equal to 99.8% is selected as raw material and is proportioned according to the component composition and mass percentage of the refining agent; (2) Heating and melting raw materials at 1150 ℃ under the protection of argon with purity more than or equal to 99.99%, and cooling and solidifying the raw materials to form a block refining agent; (3) And (3) crushing the block refining agent into powder with the particle size less than or equal to 2mm to obtain the refining agent.
Comparative example 1:
The composition of the aluminum powder and the preparation process parameters are the same as those of the example 1, except that the refining agent used in the second step is a common commercial refining agent, and the refining agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 26.1% of NaCl,10.6% of Na 2SiF6, 17.1% of Na 2SO4, 6.9% of CaF 2, 9.3% of C 6Cl6, 14.3% of Na 2S2O3 and 15.7% of NaF.
Comparative example 2:
The composition of the aluminum alloy powder and the preparation process parameters are the same as those of the embodiment 2, except that the degassing machine is not used for carrying out the dehydrogenation treatment on the aluminum alloy liquid in the third step.
Comparative example 3:
the composition of the components and the preparation process parameters of the aluminum alloy powder were the same as those of example 3, except that the atomizing gas pressure in the fourth step was 3MPa.
Verification example 1:
Melting points of the refining agents used in example 1 and comparative example 1 were measured by an OXFORD-DSC500 type differential scanning calorimeter, respectively, and the results are shown in table 1. As can be seen from Table 1, the refining agent of example 1 had a melting start temperature of 290℃and a melting end temperature of 716℃only. The refining agent of comparative example 1 had a melting start temperature of 564℃and a melting end temperature of 1249 ℃. As can be seen by comparison, the refining agent developed by the invention has lower melting initial temperature and melting end temperature, which shows that the refining agent developed by the invention is easier to be melted in aluminum and aluminum alloy liquid, thereby being beneficial to improving impurity removal effect.
TABLE 1 melting points of the refining agents of example 1 and comparative example 1
| Example 1 | Comparative example 1 | |
| Melting initiation temperature/. Degree.C | 290 | 564 |
| Melting end temperature/. Degree.C | 716 | 1249 |
Verification example 2:
The hydrogen content and the slag content of the aluminum or aluminum alloy liquid before atomization and pulverization of examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 2 were measured on site by using an HDA-V hydrogen meter and an Analyze PoDFA slag meter, and the results are shown in Table 2. As can be seen from Table 2, the aluminum or aluminum alloy of examples 1-3 had a hydrogen content of 0.06ml/100gAl or less and a slag content of 0.03mm 2/kgAl or less. In comparative example 1, the conventional commercial refining agent is adopted to carry out blowing refining and impurity removal, and in comparative example 2, the degassing machine is not adopted to remove hydrogen, so that the gas slag content of aluminum or aluminum alloy liquid before atomization powder preparation is higher than that of the aluminum alloy liquid before atomization powder preparation in the embodiment. As can be seen by comparison, the invention can greatly improve the cleanliness of aluminum or aluminum alloy liquid before atomization powder preparation.
TABLE 2 Hydrogen content and slag content of aluminum or aluminum alloy liquid before atomizing powder preparation
| Hydrogen content/(ml/100 gAl) | Slag content/(mm 2/kg) | |
| Example 1 | 0.051 | 0.030 |
| Example 2 | 0.060 | 0.025 |
| Example 3 | 0.057 | 0.028 |
| Comparative example 1 | 0.053 | 0.054 |
| Comparative example 2 | 0.162 | 0.029 |
Verification example 3:
the aluminum or aluminum alloy powder prepared in examples 1 to 3 and comparative example 3 was sampled, and then the morphology of the aluminum or aluminum alloy powder was observed on a OXFD to 2600 scanning electron microscope, fig. 1 being a morphology diagram of the aluminum powder of example 1, fig. 2 being a morphology diagram of the aluminum alloy powder of example 2, fig. 3 being a morphology diagram of the aluminum alloy powder of example 3, and fig. 4 being a morphology diagram of the aluminum alloy powder of comparative example 3. From fig. 1 to 3, it can be seen that the aluminum or aluminum alloy powder prepared by the invention has a large part of spherical shape and a small part of ellipsoidal shape. As can be seen from fig. 4, in comparative example 3, the combination of parameters of the atomization pulverizing process is unreasonable due to the too small pressure of the atomization gas, so that the sphericity of the aluminum alloy powder is poor, most of the aluminum alloy powder is ellipsoidal, and the small part of the aluminum alloy powder is spherical.
The present invention is illustrated by way of example and not limitation, and other variations to the disclosed embodiments, as would be readily apparent to one skilled in the art, are intended to be within the scope of the invention as defined in the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the high-purity aluminum or aluminum alloy powder is characterized by comprising the following steps in sequence:
step one: smelting and preparing aluminum or aluminum alloy liquid according to the component composition and mass percentage of aluminum or aluminum alloy powder;
step two: adopting inert gas and refining agent to spray and refine aluminum or aluminum alloy liquid to remove impurities, and then removing scum on the surface of the aluminum or aluminum alloy liquid;
Step three: carrying out dehydrogenation treatment on aluminum or aluminum alloy liquid by adopting a deaerator;
step four: transferring the aluminum or aluminum alloy liquid into an atomization powder making machine, and atomizing the aluminum or aluminum alloy liquid into powder under the protection of inert gas;
Step five: and screening the aluminum or aluminum alloy powder to obtain the high-purity aluminum or aluminum alloy powder.
2. The method for preparing high purity aluminum or aluminum alloy powder according to claim 1, wherein the inert gas in the second step is argon gas with purity of 99.99%, the amount of the refining agent is 0.1-0.2% of the weight of the aluminum or aluminum alloy liquid, the temperature of the aluminum or aluminum alloy liquid during refining is 720-740 ℃, and the refining time is 10-20 minutes.
3. The method for preparing high purity aluminum or aluminum alloy powder according to claim 1, wherein the refining agent in the second step comprises the following components in percentage by mass ：ZnCl245.1％,K2CO3 25.3％,NaNO3 7.6％,KF 11.5％,K2SO4 6.3％,Li2SO4 4.2％.
4. A method for producing high purity aluminum or aluminum alloy powder according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the method for producing the refining agent in the second step comprises the steps of, in order:
(1) ZnCl 2、K2CO3、NaNO3、KF、K2SO4、Li2SO4 with purity more than or equal to 99.8% is selected as raw material and is proportioned according to the component composition and mass percentage of the refining agent;
(2) Heating and melting raw materials at 1150 ℃ under the protection of argon with purity more than or equal to 99.99%, and cooling and solidifying the raw materials to form a block refining agent;
(3) And (3) crushing the block refining agent into powder with the particle size less than or equal to 2mm to obtain the refining agent.
5. The method for preparing high purity aluminum or aluminum alloy powder according to claim 1, wherein the rotational speed of the graphite rotor of the deaerator in the third step is 800-900 rpm, the flow rate of the mixed gas on the graphite rotor is 5-6 cubic meters per hour, the pressure of the mixed gas is 1.6-1.9MPa, the mixed gas consists of argon with purity of 99.99% and chlorine with purity of 99.99%, the volume percentage of the chlorine in the mixed gas is 12-13%, and the dehydrogenation time is 20-30 minutes.
6. The method for producing high purity aluminum or aluminum alloy powder according to claim 1, wherein the inert gas in the fourth step is argon having a purity of 99.99%, the atomizing gas is argon having a purity of 99.99%, the pressure of the atomizing gas is 7 to 8MPa, and the temperature of the aluminum or aluminum alloy liquid during atomization is 680 to 690 ℃.
7. The preparation method of the high-purity aluminum or aluminum alloy powder according to claim 1, wherein the high-purity aluminum powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.2 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.04 percent of Cu, less than or equal to 0.03 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.03 percent of Mg, less than or equal to 0.04 percent of Zn, less than or equal to 0.03 percent of Ti, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of V, the balance of Al and unavoidable impurities, the single less than or equal to 0.01 percent of other impurities, and the total amount of other impurities is less than or equal to 0.05 percent.
8. The method for preparing high purity aluminum or aluminum alloy powder according to claim 1, wherein the high purity aluminum alloy powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 3.8 to 4.2 percent of Cu, 2.3 to 2.7 percent of Zn, 0.8 to 1.2 percent of Mg, 0.4 to 0.6 percent of Zr, 0.15 to 0.25 percent of Sc, less than or equal to 0.2 percent of Fe, the balance of Al and unavoidable other impurities, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of other impurities, and less than or equal to 0.15 percent of other impurities.
9. The method for preparing high purity aluminum or aluminum alloy powder according to claim 1, wherein the high purity aluminum alloy powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 7.2 to 7.5 percent of Co, 1.7 to 2.1 percent of V, 4.5 to 4.8 percent of Ni, 1.2 to 1.5 percent of Mn, 0.8 to 1.1 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 0.2 percent of Fe, the balance of Al and unavoidable other impurities, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of other impurities, and less than or equal to 0.15 percent of other impurities.
10. Use of high purity aluminum or aluminum alloy powder in the field of additive manufacturing or cold spraying, characterized in that the high purity aluminum or aluminum alloy powder is prepared according to the method of claims 1-9.
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