CN114293058A - Preparation method of high-strength and high-toughness heat-treatment-free material suitable for castings with various wall thicknesses - Google Patents
Preparation method of high-strength and high-toughness heat-treatment-free material suitable for castings with various wall thicknesses Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of a high-strength and high-toughness heat-treatment-free material suitable for castings with various wall thicknesses, which changes the nucleation mechanism of aluminum alloy by adding trace elements such as Nb, B and other rare earth elements and enables the castings to obtain fine and uniform metallographic structures, thereby improving the overall mechanical properties of the castings.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of aluminum alloy materials, relates to a preparation method of an aluminum alloy material with high strength and toughness without heat treatment, and is particularly suitable for castings with large wall thickness size difference.
Background
With the deepening of the light weight strategy, the mechanical property requirement of the aluminum alloy for the automobile structural part is higher and higher. Heat treatment (T5 and T6 heat treatment) strengthening is generally adopted in China to achieve the purpose of improving the comprehensive mechanical property of the casting. The heat treatment not only lengthens the whole process flow and consumes a large amount of cost, but also easily deforms the thin wall position of the casting, and the subsequent orthopedic treatment is needed, so the percent of pass is low. Therefore, the heat treatment-free aluminum alloy material is favored by more and more casting manufacturers. At present, the heat treatment-free aluminum alloy materials mainly used in the market comprise C611, AlSi7MgMn, AlSi9MnMoZr and the like.
If the casting is not subjected to heat treatment, the phenomenon that the grain sizes of all parts are not uniform is particularly remarkable, and the difference of mechanical properties is particularly large. Particularly, when a heat treatment-free material is used for casting a casting with large wall thickness difference and complex shape, the difference of the mechanical properties of the thin wall and the thick wall is particularly obvious. In the same casting, the thick-wall part has lower mechanical property due to relatively larger crystal grains; the thin-wall part has relatively small crystal grains and high mechanical property, but the integral casting is subject to the part with the lowest mechanical property. This limits the application area of the heat-treatment free material. With the development of industry, the size of the cast is larger and the appearance is more and more complex, so that the development of a high-strength heat-treatment-free material suitable for various wall thicknesses is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the technical bottleneck that the mechanical property of the existing heat treatment-free material is greatly influenced by the wall thickness, and provides an improved heat treatment-free material suitable for a casting with a complex wall thickness, so that the overall mechanical property of the casting is improved.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows:
a high-strength and high-toughness heat-treatment-free material suitable for various wall thickness castings is prepared by the following steps:
(1) remelting aluminum ingots accounting for 82.5-91.5 percent of the total mass of the casting liquid and industrial silicon accounting for 5-8 percent of the total mass of the casting liquid are put into a flame type reverberatory furnace, natural gas is ignited for melting, after the materials are completely melted, the temperature of aluminum liquid is adjusted to be 740 ℃ plus materials, aluminum-niobium intermediate alloy accounting for 0.1-0.4 percent of the total mass of the casting liquid is added, and electrolytic manganese accounting for 0.5-0.8 percent of the total mass of the casting liquid is added.
(2) Stirring the aluminum alloy liquid for 3-5min by using a stirring rake, igniting and heating, adding an aluminum-titanium-boron intermediate alloy accounting for 1-3% of the total mass of the casting liquid, an aluminum-chromium intermediate alloy accounting for 0.5-2% of the total mass of the casting liquid, an aluminum-lanthanum intermediate alloy accounting for 0.6-1.5% of the total mass of the casting liquid and an aluminum-cerium intermediate alloy accounting for 0.4-1% of the total mass of the casting liquid when the temperature of the aluminum liquid reaches 740-doping 780 ℃, and stirring for 3-5 min. Sampling and detecting.
(3) Adjusting the pressure of the nitrogen gas to 0.2Mpa and the flow rate of the nitrogen gas to 10-20m3And/min. Uniformly spraying a granular refining agent (the refining agent is Kensike 101A refining agent) accounting for 0.1-0.15% of the total mass of the casting liquid into the aluminum alloy liquid by using an automatic refining machine at the temperature of 700-; and cleaning the scum on the surface of the aluminum liquid by using a scum raking.
(4)680 and 740 ℃, pressing the magnesium metal accounting for 0.3-0.5 percent of the total mass of the casting liquid and the aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy accounting for 0.1-0.3 percent of the total mass of the casting liquid into the aluminum alloy liquid by using a bell jar.
(5) A 40ppi ceramic filter plate was placed in the end filter box of the casting chute (before entering the mould). And in the process that the aluminum liquid enters the mold from the furnace, degassing is carried out for 9-11min by online rotating nitrogen through the graphite rotor.
(6) And (4) the aluminum liquid enters the mold and is solidified into ingots.
The components and contents (mass percent) of the prepared material are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
The invention adds refractory Nb element, high melting point Cr element, Ti element and B element,formation of NbB2、CrB2、TiB2、AlTi3High melting point particles, which act as heterogeneous nucleation. By adding La and Ce elements, the TiB is improved2、AlTi3Particle morphology and distribution, reduction of TiB2The agglomeration phenomenon is avoided, and the refining effect is enhanced.
The invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
1. the invention adds refractory Nb element, high melting point Cr element, Ti element and B element to form NbB2、CrB2、TiB2、AlTi3High melting point particles, which act as heterogeneous nucleation. By adding La and Ce elements, the TiB is improved2、AlTi3Particle morphology and distribution, reduction of TiB2The agglomeration phenomenon is avoided, and the refining effect is enhanced.
2. The casting cast by the material has small difference of grain sizes of thin-wall parts and thick-wall parts under the casting state.
3. The mechanical properties of the parts with different wall thicknesses of the casting cast by the material have smaller difference under the casting state. The overall comprehensive mechanical property of the casting is greatly improved compared with that before the improvement.
Drawings
FIG. 1a is a metallographic structure diagram of a thin-walled portion of a cylinder head made of the athermanous material prepared in example 1;
FIG. 1b is a metallographic structure diagram of a thick and large part of a cylinder head made of the athermanous material prepared in example 1;
FIG. 2a is a metallographic structure diagram of a thin-walled portion of a cylinder head made of the athermanous material prepared in comparative example 1;
FIG. 2b is a metallographic structure diagram of a thick and large part of a cylinder head prepared from the heat-free material prepared in comparative example 1;
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described in the following detailed description, which is illustrative, not restrictive, and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1:
weighing 15 tons in total of 13110kg of aluminum ingot for remelting, 975kg of industrial silicon, 300kg of aluminum-titanium-boron intermediate alloy (AlTi5B1), 60kg of metal magnesium, 30kg of aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy (AlSr10), 90kg of electrolytic manganese, 30kg of aluminum-niobium intermediate alloy (AlNb50), 150kg of aluminum-chromium intermediate alloy (AlCr10), 150kg of aluminum-lanthanum intermediate alloy (AlLa10) and 105kg of aluminum-cerium (AlCe10) intermediate alloy.
A preparation method of a high-strength and high-toughness heat-treatment-free material suitable for castings with various wall thicknesses comprises the following steps:
(1) putting the aluminum ingot for remelting and industrial silicon into a flame type reverberatory furnace, igniting natural gas for melting, adjusting the temperature of aluminum liquid to 720 ℃ after the materials are completely melted, and adding aluminum-niobium intermediate alloy and electrolytic manganese.
(2) Stirring the aluminum alloy liquid for 4min by using a stirring rake, igniting and heating, adding the aluminum-titanium-boron intermediate alloy, the aluminum-chromium intermediate alloy, the aluminum-lanthanum intermediate alloy and the aluminum-cerium intermediate alloy when the temperature of the aluminum liquid reaches 760 ℃, and stirring for 4 min. Sampling and detecting.
(3) Adjusting the pressure of the nitrogen gas to 0.2Mpa and the flow rate of the nitrogen gas to 15m3And/min. Uniformly spraying 15kg of refining agent into the aluminum alloy liquid by using an automatic refiner at the temperature of 720 ℃ of the aluminum liquid, wherein the time for spraying the refining agent is 32 min; and cleaning the scum on the surface of the aluminum liquid by using a scum raking.
(4) The temperature of the aluminum liquid is 700 ℃, and the magnesium metal and the aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy are pressed into the aluminum alloy liquid by using a bell jar.
(5) A 40ppi ceramic filter plate was placed in the end filter box of the casting chute (before entering the mould).
(6) In the process that the aluminum liquid enters the mold from the furnace, the graphite rotor rotates on line to carry out nitrogen degassing for 9-11 min; and (4) entering a die through a ceramic filter plate, and solidifying into an ingot.
The material produced at this time contains Si: 6.5 wt%, Mg: 0.4 wt%, Ti: 0.1 wt%, Sr: 0.02 wt%, Mn: 0.6 wt%, Nb: 0.10 wt%, B: 0.02 wt%, Cr: 0.10 wt%, La: 0.10 wt%, Ce: 0.07 wt%, the tensile strength of thick and big part (20mm) of the cylinder cover prepared by the material through vacuum die casting is 262Mpa, the yield strength is 152Mpa, and the elongation is 11.7%. The tensile strength of the thin-wall part (4mm) is 271MPa, the yield strength is 157MPa, and the elongation is 11.8 percent. The mechanical properties of the thin wall and thick wall parts have very small difference: the tensile strength difference is 9MPa, the yield strength difference is 5MPa, and the elongation difference is 0.1%. Metallographic structure diagrams of a thin-wall part (4mm) and a thick-large part (20mm) of the cylinder cover are shown in figures 1a and 1b, the grain size difference is very small, and the grain size is 80-120 mu m.
Example 2:
25530kg of an aluminum ingot for remelting, 2250kg of industrial silicon, 750kg of an aluminum-titanium-boron intermediate alloy (AlTi5B1), 135kg of metal magnesium, 60kg of an aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy (AlSr10), 225kg of electrolytic manganese, 90kg of an aluminum-niobium intermediate alloy (AlNb50), 450kg of an aluminum-chromium intermediate alloy (AlCr10), 300kg of an aluminum-lanthanum intermediate alloy (AlLa10) and 210kg of an aluminum-cerium (AlCe10) intermediate alloy are weighed, and the total weight is 30 tons.
A preparation method of a high-strength and high-toughness heat-treatment-free material suitable for castings with various wall thicknesses comprises the following steps:
(1) putting the aluminum ingot for remelting and industrial silicon into a flame type reverberatory furnace, igniting natural gas for melting, adjusting the temperature of aluminum liquid to 730 ℃ after the materials are completely melted, and adding aluminum-niobium intermediate alloy and electrolytic manganese.
(2) Stirring the aluminum alloy liquid for 4min by using a stirring rake, igniting and heating, adding the aluminum-titanium-boron intermediate alloy, the aluminum-chromium intermediate alloy, the aluminum-lanthanum intermediate alloy and the aluminum-cerium intermediate alloy when the temperature of the aluminum liquid reaches 770 ℃, and stirring for 4 min. Sampling and detecting.
(3) Adjusting the pressure of the nitrogen gas to 0.2Mpa and the flow rate of the nitrogen gas to 15m3And/min. Uniformly spraying 30kg of granular refining agent into the aluminum alloy liquid by using an automatic refiner at the temperature of 730 ℃ of the aluminum liquid, wherein the time for spraying the refining agent is 48 min; and cleaning the scum on the surface of the aluminum liquid by using a scum raking.
(4) The temperature of the aluminum liquid is 700 ℃, and the magnesium metal and the aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy are pressed into the aluminum alloy liquid by using a bell jar.
(5) 40ppi ceramic filter plate was placed in the end filter box of the casting chute (before entering the mould)
(6) In the process that the aluminum liquid enters the mold from the furnace, the graphite rotor rotates on line to carry out nitrogen degassing for 9-11 min; and (4) entering a die through a ceramic filter plate, and solidifying into an ingot.
The material produced at this time contains Si: 7.5 wt%, Mg: 0.45 wt%, Ti: 0.12 wt%, Sr: 0.02 wt%, Mn: 0.75 wt%, Nb: 0.15 wt%, B: 0.025 wt%, Cr: 0.15 wt%, La: 0.10 wt%, Ce: 0.07 wt%. The cylinder cover prepared from the material has the tensile strength of 268MPa, the yield strength of 158MPa and the elongation of 10.5 percent at the thick and large part (20 mm). The tensile strength of the thin-wall part (4mm) is 277Mpa, the yield strength is 161Mpa, and the elongation is 10.7%. The mechanical properties of the thin wall and thick wall parts have very small difference: the tensile strength difference is 9MPa, the yield strength difference is 3MPa, and the elongation difference is 0.2%.
Comparative example 1
A method for preparing the existing heat-treatment-free material AlSi7 MgMn.
13777.5kg of aluminum ingot for remelting, 975kg of industrial silicon, 150kg of aluminum-titanium intermediate alloy (AlTi10), 60kg of metal magnesium, 30kg of aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy (AlSr10) and 97.5kg of electrolytic manganese are weighed, and the total weight is 15 tons.
A preparation method of an AlSi7MgMn heat-treatment-free material comprises the following steps:
(1) putting the remelting aluminum ingot and industrial silicon into a flame type reverberatory furnace, igniting natural gas for melting, adjusting the temperature of aluminum liquid to 730 ℃ after the materials are completely melted, and adding electrolytic manganese.
(2) Stirring the aluminum alloy liquid for 4min by using a stirring rake, igniting and heating, adding the aluminum-titanium intermediate alloy when the temperature of the aluminum liquid reaches 770 ℃, stirring for 4min, and sampling and detecting.
(3) Adjusting the pressure of the nitrogen gas to 0.2Mpa and the flow rate of the nitrogen gas to 15m3And/min. Uniformly spraying 15kg of refining agent into the aluminum alloy liquid by using an automatic refiner at the aluminum liquid temperature of 735 ℃ for 33 min; and cleaning the scum on the surface of the aluminum liquid by using a scum raking.
(4) The temperature of the aluminum liquid is 700 ℃, and the magnesium metal and the aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy are pressed into the aluminum alloy liquid by using a bell jar.
(5) 40ppi ceramic filter plate was placed in the end filter box of the casting chute (before entering the mould)
(6) In the process that the aluminum liquid enters the mold from the furnace, the graphite rotor rotates on line to carry out nitrogen degassing for 9-11 min; and (4) entering a die through a ceramic filter plate, and solidifying into an ingot.
The material produced at this time contains Si: 6.5 wt%, Mg: 0.40 wt%, Ti: 0.10 wt%, Sr: 0.02 wt%, Mn: 0.65 wt%. . The cylinder cover prepared from the material has the tensile strength 239MPa, the yield strength 126MPa and the elongation 9.3% of thick and large parts (20 mm). The thin-wall part (4mm) has tensile strength of 268MPa, yield strength of 156MPa and elongation of 11.3 percent. The mechanical property difference of the thin-wall and thick-wall parts of the cylinder cover casting produced by the material is very large: the tensile strength difference is 29MPa, the yield strength difference is 30MPa, and the elongation difference is 2%. Metallographic structure diagrams of a thin-wall part (4mm) and a thick-large part (20mm) of the cylinder cover are shown in fig. 2a and fig. 2b, the grain size difference is very large, the grain size of the thin-wall part is between 80 and 120 mu m, and the grain size of the thick-wall part is between 100 and 300 mu m.
Comparative example 2
The difference from example 1 is that La and Ce rare earth elements (AlLa10, AlCe10) are not added
Weighing 13365kg of aluminum ingot for remelting, 975kg of industrial silicon, 300kg of aluminum-titanium-boron intermediate alloy (AlTi5B1), 60kg of metal magnesium, 30kg of aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy (AlSr10), 90kg of electrolytic manganese, 30kg of aluminum-niobium intermediate alloy (AlNb50) and 150kg of aluminum-chromium intermediate alloy (AlCr10), and weighing 15 tons in total.
A preparation method of a heat treatment-free material comprises the following steps:
(1) putting the aluminum ingot for remelting and industrial silicon into a flame type reverberatory furnace, igniting natural gas for melting, adjusting the temperature of aluminum liquid to 720 ℃ after the materials are completely melted, and adding aluminum-niobium intermediate alloy and electrolytic manganese.
(2) Stirring the aluminum alloy liquid for 4min by using a stirring rake, igniting and heating, adding the aluminum-titanium-boron intermediate alloy and the aluminum-chromium intermediate alloy when the temperature of the aluminum liquid reaches 760 ℃, and stirring for 4 min. Sampling and detecting.
(3) Adjusting the pressure of the nitrogen gas to 0.2Mpa and the flow rate of the nitrogen gas to 15m3And/min. Uniformly spraying 15kg of refining agent into the aluminum alloy liquid by using an automatic refiner at the temperature of 720 ℃ of the aluminum liquid, wherein the time for spraying the refining agent is 32 min; and cleaning the scum on the surface of the aluminum liquid by using a scum raking.
(4) The temperature of the aluminum liquid is 700 ℃, and the magnesium metal and the aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy are pressed into the aluminum alloy liquid by using a bell jar.
(5) A 40ppi ceramic filter plate was placed in the end filter box of the casting chute (before entering the mould).
(6) In the process that the aluminum liquid enters the mold from the furnace, the graphite rotor rotates on line to carry out nitrogen degassing for 9-11 min; and (4) entering a die through a ceramic filter plate, and solidifying into an ingot.
The material produced at this time contains Si: 6.5 wt%, Mg: 0.4 wt%, Ti: 0.1 wt%, Sr: 0.02 wt%, Mn: 0.6 wt%, Nb: 0.10 wt%, B: 0.02 wt%, Cr: 0.10 wt%, and the tensile strength 249MPa, the yield strength 139MPa and the elongation 10.5% of the thick and large part (20mm) of the cylinder cover prepared from the material produced at this time. The thin-wall part (4mm) has tensile strength of 267MPa, yield strength of 153MPa and elongation of 11.4%. Compared with example 1, the mechanical properties of the thin-walled and thick-walled parts are greatly different: the tensile strength difference is 18MPa, the yield strength difference is 14MPa, and the elongation difference is 0.9%.
Therefore, it is found that the uniformity of the mechanical properties of the thin and thick wall portions cannot be optimized without adding La and Ce rare earth elements.
Comparative example 3
The difference from example 1 is that no aluminum chromium master alloy (AlCr10) is added
13260kg of an aluminum ingot for remelting, 975kg of industrial silicon, 300kg of an aluminum-titanium-boron intermediate alloy (AlTi5B1), 60kg of metal magnesium, 30kg of an aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy (AlSr10), 90kg of electrolytic manganese, 30kg of an aluminum-niobium intermediate alloy (AlNb50), 150kg of an aluminum-lanthanum intermediate alloy (AlLa10) and 105kg of an aluminum-cerium (AlCe10) intermediate alloy are weighed, and the total weight is 15 tons.
A preparation method of a heat treatment-free material comprises the following steps:
(1) putting the aluminum ingot for remelting and industrial silicon into a flame type reverberatory furnace, igniting natural gas for melting, adjusting the temperature of aluminum liquid to 720 ℃ after the materials are completely melted, and adding aluminum-niobium intermediate alloy and electrolytic manganese.
(2) Stirring the aluminum alloy liquid for 4min by using a stirring rake, igniting and heating, adding the aluminum-titanium-boron intermediate alloy, the aluminum-lanthanum intermediate alloy and the aluminum-cerium intermediate alloy when the temperature of the aluminum liquid reaches 760 ℃, and stirring for 4 min. Sampling and detecting.
(3) Adjusting the pressure of the nitrogen gas to 0.2Mpa and the flow rate of the nitrogen gas to 15m3And/min. Uniformly spraying 15kg of refining agent into the aluminum alloy liquid by using an automatic refiner at the temperature of 720 ℃ of the aluminum liquid, wherein the time for spraying the refining agent is 34 min; and cleaning the scum on the surface of the aluminum liquid by using a scum raking.
(4) The temperature of the aluminum liquid is 700 ℃, and the magnesium metal and the aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy are pressed into the aluminum alloy liquid by using a bell jar.
(5) A 40ppi ceramic filter plate was placed in the end filter box of the casting chute (before entering the mould).
(6) In the process that the aluminum liquid enters the mold from the furnace, the graphite rotor rotates on line to carry out nitrogen degassing for 9-11 min; and (4) entering a die through a ceramic filter plate, and solidifying into an ingot.
The material produced at this time contains Si: 6.5 wt%, Mg: 0.4 wt%, Ti: 0.1 wt%, Sr: 0.02 wt%, Mn: 0.6 wt%, Nb: 0.10 wt%, B: 0.02 wt%, La: 0.10 wt%, Ce: 0.07 wt%, the tensile strength of the thick and large part (20mm) of the cylinder cover prepared by the material produced at this time is 249Mpa, the yield strength is 140Mpa, and the elongation is 10.7%. The tensile strength of the thin-wall part (4mm) is 266MPa, the yield strength is 155MPa, and the elongation is 11.6 percent. Compared with example 1, the mechanical properties of the thin-walled and thick-walled parts are greatly different: the tensile strength difference is 17MPa, the yield strength difference is 15MPa, and the elongation difference is 0.9%.
It is clear that the uniformity of the mechanical properties of the thin and thick wall portions is not optimal without adding Cr element.
Comparative example 4
The difference from example 1 is that element B (AlTi5B1)
13260kg of aluminum ingot for remelting, 975kg of industrial silicon, 150kg of aluminum-titanium intermediate alloy (AlTi10), 60kg of metal magnesium, 30kg of aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy (AlSr10), 90kg of electrolytic manganese, 30kg of aluminum-niobium intermediate alloy (AlNb50), 150kg of aluminum-chromium intermediate alloy (AlCr10), 150kg of aluminum-lanthanum intermediate alloy (AlLa10) and 105kg of aluminum-cerium (AlCE10) intermediate alloy are weighed, and the total weight is 15 tons.
A preparation method of a heat treatment-free material comprises the following steps:
(1) putting the aluminum ingot for remelting and industrial silicon into a flame type reverberatory furnace, igniting natural gas for melting, adjusting the temperature of aluminum liquid to 720 ℃ after the materials are completely melted, and adding aluminum-niobium intermediate alloy and electrolytic manganese.
(2) Stirring the aluminum alloy liquid for 4min by using a stirring rake, igniting and heating, adding the aluminum-titanium intermediate alloy, the aluminum-chromium intermediate alloy, the aluminum-lanthanum intermediate alloy and the aluminum-cerium intermediate alloy when the temperature of the aluminum liquid reaches 760 ℃, and stirring for 4 min. Sampling and detecting.
(3) Adjusting the pressure of the nitrogen gas to 0.2Mpa and the flow rate of the nitrogen gas to 15m3And/min. Uniformly spraying 15kg of granular refining agent into the aluminum alloy liquid by using an automatic refiner at the temperature of 720 ℃ of the aluminum liquid, wherein the time for spraying the refining agent is 32 min; and cleaning the scum on the surface of the aluminum liquid by using a scum raking.
(4) The temperature of the aluminum liquid is 700 ℃, and the magnesium metal and the aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy are pressed into the aluminum alloy liquid by using a bell jar.
(5) A 40ppi ceramic filter plate was placed in the end filter box of the casting chute (before entering the mould).
(6) In the process that the aluminum liquid enters the mold from the furnace, the graphite rotor rotates on line to carry out nitrogen degassing for 9-11 min; and (4) entering a die through a ceramic filter plate, and solidifying into an ingot.
The material produced at this time contains Si: 6.5 wt%, Mg: 0.4 wt%, Ti: 0.1 wt%, Sr: 0.02 wt%, Mn: 0.6 wt%, Nb: 0.10 wt%, Cr: 0.10 wt%, La: 0.10 wt%, Ce: 0.07 wt%, the thick and big part (20mm) of the cylinder cover prepared by the material has the tensile strength of 246MPa, the yield strength of 138MPa and the elongation of 10.4%. The thin-wall part (4mm) has tensile strength of 268MPa, yield strength of 158MPa and elongation of 11.7 percent. Compared with example 1, the mechanical properties of the thin-walled and thick-walled parts are greatly different: the tensile strength difference is 22MPa, the yield strength difference is 20MPa, and the elongation difference is 1.3%.
It is clear that without the addition of B element, the uniformity of mechanical properties of the thin and thick wall portions is not optimal.
Comparative example 5
The difference from example 1 is that no Nb element (AlNb50)
Weighing 15 tons in total of 13140kg of aluminum ingot for remelting, 975kg of industrial silicon, 300kg of aluminum-titanium-boron intermediate alloy (AlTi5B1), 60kg of metal magnesium, 30kg of aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy (AlSr10), 90kg of electrolytic manganese, 150kg of aluminum-chromium intermediate alloy (AlCr10), 150kg of aluminum-lanthanum intermediate alloy (AlLa10) and 105kg of aluminum-cerium (AlCe10) intermediate alloy.
A preparation method of a high-strength and high-toughness heat-treatment-free material suitable for castings with various wall thicknesses comprises the following steps:
(1) putting the aluminum ingot for remelting and industrial silicon into a flame type reverberatory furnace, igniting natural gas for melting, adjusting the temperature of aluminum liquid to 720 ℃ after the materials are completely melted, and adding electrolytic manganese.
(2) Stirring the aluminum alloy liquid for 4min by using a stirring rake, igniting and heating, adding the aluminum-titanium-boron intermediate alloy, the aluminum-chromium intermediate alloy, the aluminum-lanthanum intermediate alloy and the aluminum-cerium intermediate alloy when the temperature of the aluminum liquid reaches 760 ℃, and stirring for 4 min. Sampling and detecting.
(3) Adjusting the pressure of the nitrogen gas to 0.2Mpa and the flow rate of the nitrogen gas to 15m3And/min. Uniformly spraying 15kg of granular refining agent into the aluminum alloy liquid by using an automatic refiner at the temperature of 720 ℃ of the aluminum liquid, wherein the time for spraying the refining agent is 32 min; and cleaning the scum on the surface of the aluminum liquid by using a scum raking.
(4) The temperature of the aluminum liquid is 700 ℃, and the magnesium metal and the aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy are pressed into the aluminum alloy liquid by using a bell jar.
(5) A 40ppi ceramic filter plate was placed in the end filter box of the casting chute (before entering the mould).
(6) In the process that the aluminum liquid enters the mold from the furnace, the graphite rotor rotates on line to carry out nitrogen degassing for 9-11 min; and (4) entering a die through a ceramic filter plate, and solidifying into an ingot.
The material produced at this time contains Si: 6.5 wt%, Mg: 0.4 wt%, Ti: 0.1 wt%, Sr: 0.02 wt%, Mn: 0.6 wt%, Nb: 0.10 wt%, Cr: 0.10 wt%, La: 0.10 wt%, Ce: 0.07 wt%, the thick and big part (20mm) of the cylinder cover prepared by the material has the tensile strength of 251Mpa, the yield strength of 142Mpa and the elongation of 10.8%. The tensile strength of the thin-wall part (4mm) is 266MPa, the yield strength is 153MPa, and the elongation is 11.6 percent. Compared with example 1, the mechanical properties of the thin-walled and thick-walled parts are greatly different: the tensile strength difference is 15MPa, the yield strength difference is 11MPa, and the elongation difference is 0.8%.
It is clear that without the addition of Nb, the uniformity of mechanical properties of the thin and thick wall portions is not optimal.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, and these changes and modifications are all within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A preparation method of a high-strength and high-toughness heat-treatment-free material suitable for various wall thickness castings is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) remelting aluminum ingots accounting for 82.5-91.5% of the total mass of the casting solution and industrial silicon accounting for 5-8% of the total mass of the casting solution are put into a flame type reverberatory furnace, after the materials are completely melted, the temperature of aluminum liquid is adjusted to 700-740 ℃, aluminum-niobium intermediate alloy accounting for 0.1-0.4% of the total mass of the casting solution and electrolytic manganese accounting for 0.5-0.8% of the total mass of the casting solution are added;
(2) stirring the aluminum alloy liquid for 3-5min, igniting and heating, adding an aluminum-titanium-boron intermediate alloy accounting for 1-3% of the total mass of the casting liquid, an aluminum-chromium intermediate alloy accounting for 0.5-2% of the total mass of the casting liquid, an aluminum-lanthanum intermediate alloy accounting for 0.6-1.5% of the total mass of the casting liquid and an aluminum-cerium intermediate alloy accounting for 0.4-1% of the total mass of the casting liquid when the temperature of the aluminum liquid reaches 740-780 ℃, and stirring for 3-5 min;
(3) refining and deslagging;
(4)680 and 740 ℃, pressing magnesium metal accounting for 0.3 to 0.5 percent of the total mass of the casting liquid and an aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy accounting for 0.1 to 0.3 percent of the total mass of the casting liquid into the aluminum alloy liquid;
(5) degassing;
(6) and casting into ingots.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the refining deslagging is that an automatic refiner is adopted to uniformly spray refining agent accounting for 0.1-0.15 percent of the total mass of the casting liquid into the aluminum alloy liquid at the temperature of 700-740 ℃ of the aluminum liquid, and the time for spraying the refining agent is 30-50 min.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein: and degassing is to place a ceramic filter plate in a filter box at the tail end of a pouring chute, and degassing by rotating nitrogen on line through a graphite rotor in the process that aluminum liquid enters a mold from a furnace.
4. The production method according to claim 3, characterized in that: the degassing time is 9-11 min.
5. The material prepared by the preparation method of the high-strength and high-toughness heat-treatment-free material suitable for the castings with various wall thicknesses according to the claim 1 is characterized in that: comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5-8 wt% of Si, 0.30-0.50 wt% of Mg, 0.05-0.20 wt% of Ti, 0.01-0.03 wt% of Sr, less than or equal to 0.20 wt% of Cu, less than or equal to 0.20 wt% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.10 wt% of Zn, 0.5-0.8 wt% of Mn, 0.05-0.20 wt% of Nb, 0.01-0.03 wt% of B, 0.05-0.20 wt% of Cr, 0.06-0.15 wt% of La, 0.04-0.10 wt% of Ce, and the total amount of impurities is less than or equal to 0.2 wt%.
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