CN117990797B - Crack detection method for large-sized water turbine runner coupling bolt - Google Patents
Crack detection method for large-sized water turbine runner coupling bolt Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for detecting cracks of a large-sized hydraulic turbine runner coupling bolt, which belongs to the field of hydroelectric generation, and aims at the changes of the amplitude and the main frequency of acoustic emission signals and the changes of effective values of the acoustic emission signals under the working condition of stable load power generation in the process of starting a unit by analyzing the acoustic emission signals acquired by acoustic emission sensors arranged on the hydraulic turbine coupling bolt, so that a calculation method of corresponding parameters is respectively defined, a one-to-one corresponding judgment rule is constructed, the accurate judgment of the occurrence or non-occurrence of the cracks of the coupling bolt of an in-service hydraulic turbine generator is realized, and finally the aim of ensuring the safe and stable operation of the unit by accurately judging the occurrence of the cracks of the coupling bolt of the hydraulic turbine and taking corresponding measures in time is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of hydroelectric generation, and particularly relates to a crack detection method for a large-sized water turbine runner coupling bolt.
Background
With the continuous increase of new energy sources such as wind power, photovoltaic and the like, the demand for power generation equipment capable of bearing peak shaving in a power grid is also increased. The hydroelectric generating set becomes the most widely applied power grid peak shaving equipment according to the characteristics of mature technology and short response time.
The function of the hydroelectric generating set is changed from the main power generation to peak shaving and power generation, so that the starting and stopping times of the hydroelectric generating set are obviously increased. The axial forces to which the rotating parts of the hydroelectric generating set are subjected are different between the rest and the working state, and are particularly serious for the coupling bolts of the runner which are responsible for transmitting the mechanical energy of the runner converted from water energy to the main shaft: the axial force born by the rotating wheel coupling bolt in the stop state is only the weight of the rotating wheel; in the running state of the hydroelectric generating set, as the rotating wheel of the water turbine can generate axial water thrust with one direction pointing to the downstream side of the water turbine, the rotating wheel coupling bolt can bear the combined action of the weight of the rotating wheel and the axial water thrust, the stressed size can reach several times of the weight of the rotating wheel, and the axial water thrust can also be changed greatly along with the change of the working condition of the hydroelectric generating set. Under the alternating load action of high frequency and large amplitude, the requirement on the overall safety of the rotating wheel coupling bolt is further improved, and particularly, the crack phenomenon which is most likely to occur in the bolt parts also becomes one of the most concerned hidden hazards of hydroelectric power enterprises. Meanwhile, with the improvement of the intelligent level of a hydropower plant, the requirements of on-site unattended operation and less-attended operation of the hydropower plant are higher and higher, and the requirements of on-service detection on parts which are traditionally only disassembled from a unit for inspection when the unit is overhauled, such as a coupling bolt of a water turbine, are also stronger.
How to effectively detect whether the turbine runner coupling bolt has crack defects or not, and prevent the occurrence of the failure accident of the runner coupling bolt caused by continuous operation without knowing that the turbine runner coupling bolt has crack faults, is an important premise for ensuring the safe and stable operation of the hydroelectric generating set. In view of the fact that no technical means for effectively detecting the crack faults of the turbine runner coupling bolts exist at present, it is necessary to develop a detection method for detecting whether the cracks of the turbine runner coupling bolts occur or not.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a large-scale water turbine runner coupling bolt crack detection method based on an acoustic emission technology, so as to solve the problem that the detection requirement on possible water turbine runner coupling bolt crack faults is further improved along with the increase of the starting and stopping times of a water turbine generator set and the intelligent level of the water turbine generator set, and improve the operation reliability of the water turbine generator set. The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
A crack detection method for a large-scale water turbine runner coupling bolt is realized through the following steps:
step one: the hydroelectric generating set is in a stop state;
step two: collecting acoustic emission sensor signals at the position of a rotating wheel coupling bolt;
Step three: calculating the amplitude of acoustic emission signals at the position of the rotating wheel coupling bolt in a stop state And effective value/>；
Step four: starting a water turbine generator set until the load of the set is stable;
step five: calculating amplitude of acoustic emission signal at runner coupling bolt in starting process of hydroelectric generating set And dominant frequency/>；
Step six: judging: if the amplitude of acoustic emission signal at the rotating wheel coupling bolt in the starting process of the hydroelectric generating setThe amplitude/> of acoustic emission signal at the rotating wheel coupling bolt under the stop stateObvious change occurs, and meanwhile, main frequency/>, of acoustic emission signals at the rotating wheel coupling bolts in the starting process of the hydroelectric generating setThe characteristic main frequency is the characteristic main frequency, and executing the step seven; otherwise, executing the step twelve;
step seven: the hydroelectric generating set stably runs with load;
step eight: calculating effective value of acoustic emission signal of hydroelectric generating set at rotating wheel coupling bolt under the working condition ；
Step nine: judging: if the effective value of the acoustic emission signal at the rotating wheel coupling bolt (1) of the hydroelectric generating set under the working conditionEffective value/> of acoustic emission signal at rotating wheel coupling bolt under shutdown stateExecuting the step ten if the obvious change occurs; otherwise, executing the step twelve;
step ten: a hydroelectric generating set generates a crack fault on a runner coupling bolt, and a step eleven is executed;
Step eleven: executing programs such as shutdown, inspection and the like according to a processing plan of crack fault occurrence of the rotating wheel coupling bolt of the hydroelectric generating set;
Step twelve: the hydroelectric generating set operates normally.
Further, an acoustic emission sensor is provided on the wheel coupling bolt.
Further, the amplitude of the acoustic emission signal at the wheel coupling boltCalculated as follows:
（1）
Wherein:
: the state of the water turbine is/> Amplitude of the acoustic emission sensor signal;
: characteristic quantity representing state of water turbine,/> Representing that the water turbine is in a stop state,/>Representing the start-up process of the turbine,/>Representing the steady operation state of the water turbine;
: the state of the water turbine is/> A voltage value of the acoustic emission sensor signal;
: the reference voltage value of the transmitted sensor signal is generally taken/> 。
Further, effective value of acoustic emission signal at the rotating wheel coupling boltCalculated as follows:
（2）
Wherein:
: the state of the water turbine is/> An effective value of the acoustic emission sensor signal;
: the signal sampling times of the acoustic emission sensor in the state,/> ；
: The total number of signal samples of the acoustic emission sensor in the state;
: acoustic emission sensor signal/> Subsampled voltage values.
Further, the amplitude of acoustic emission signals at the position of the rotating wheel coupling bolt (1) in the starting process of the hydroelectric generating setThe amplitude/> of acoustic emission signal at the rotating wheel coupling bolt under the stop stateWhether obvious change occurs or not is judged according to the following method:
（3）
Wherein:
: the amplitude change rate of the acoustic emission signal;
If it is Determining the amplitude of the acoustic emission signal at the rotating wheel coupling bolt in the starting process of the hydroelectric generating setThe amplitude/> of acoustic emission signal at the rotating wheel coupling bolt under the stop stateA significant change occurs.
Further, main frequency of acoustic emission signals at rotating wheel coupling bolts in starting process of hydroelectric generating setWhether the main frequency is characteristic is executed according to the following procedures:
（4）
Wherein:
: characteristic dominant frequency judgment coefficients;
If it is Judging the main frequency/>, of the acoustic emission signal at the rotating wheel coupling bolt in the starting process of the hydroelectric generating setIs a characteristic dominant frequency.
Further, the effective value of the acoustic emission signal at the rotating wheel coupling bolt in the steady operation state of the hydroelectric generating set is judgedEffective value/> of acoustic emission signal at rotating wheel coupling bolt under shutdown stateWhether a significant change has occurred is performed according to the following procedure:
（5）
Wherein:
: effective value/> A significant change determination coefficient occurs;
If it meets Judging the effective value/>, of the acoustic emission signal at the rotating wheel coupling bolt under the steady operation state of the hydroelectric generating setEffective value/> of acoustic emission signal at rotating wheel coupling bolt under shutdown stateA significant change occurs.
Technical effects
According to the method for detecting the cracks of the large-sized water turbine runner coupling bolt, disclosed by the invention, the detection technology of the acoustic emission sensor is adopted, and the detection method for judging whether the large-sized water turbine runner coupling bolt has crack faults or not is successfully developed through analysis and judgment of relevant characteristic parameters of acoustic emission signals in two states of water turbine starting and power generation, so that the overall safety of a water turbine generator set is improved.
The specific effects are as follows:
the method for detecting whether crack faults occur to the large-sized water turbine runner coupling bolts in the starting stage of the water turbine generator set is provided; the method for detecting whether crack faults occur to the large-sized water turbine runner coupling bolts or not under the power generation working condition of the water turbine generator set is provided; the interactive verification of crack fault detection on the large-sized water turbine runner coupling bolt by utilizing two criteria of a water turbine generator set starting stage and a power generation working condition is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a system block diagram of a method for detecting cracks of a large-scale water turbine runner coupling bolt, which is disclosed by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the connection of the turbine runner to the main shaft;
FIG. 3 is an acoustic emission sensor mounting location;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the trend of the amplitude of acoustic emission signals during the process of the unit entering the on-load power generation state from the shutdown state under the normal condition of the turbine runner coupling bolt;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the energy distribution trend in the frequency domain of acoustic emission signals during the process of the unit entering the on-load power generation state from the shutdown state under the normal condition of the turbine runner coupling bolt;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the trend of the amplitude of acoustic emission signals during the process of the unit entering the on-load power generation state from the shutdown state under the condition that the turbine runner coupling bolt is cracked;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the energy distribution trend in the frequency domain of acoustic emission signals during the process of the unit entering the on-load power generation state from the shutdown state under the condition that the turbine runner coupling bolt is cracked;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the trend of the effective value of the acoustic emission signal in the steady load power generation state of the unit under the normal condition of the turbine runner coupling bolt;
FIG. 9 shows the trend of the effective value of the acoustic emission signal in the generator set with stable load power generation state under the condition that the turbine runner coupling bolt is cracked.
In the figure: 1-runner coupling bolts, 2-acoustic emission sensors, 3-spindle coupling bolt lock nuts, 4-runners, 5-spindles, 6-crowns, 7-spindle flange through holes and 8-threaded center holes.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and the following examples are illustrative of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples, and the related art may be employed alone on a hydraulic turbine or an energy storage pump.
As shown in figure 1, the method for detecting cracks of the large-scale water turbine runner coupling bolt is realized by the following steps:
step one: the hydroelectric generating set is in a stop state;
Step two: collecting signals of an acoustic emission sensor 2 at the position of a rotating wheel coupling bolt 1;
step three: calculating the amplitude of acoustic emission signals at the position of the rotating wheel coupling bolt 1 in the stop state And effective value/>；
Step four: starting a water turbine generator set until the load of the set is stable;
Step five: calculating amplitude of acoustic emission signal at wheel coupling bolt 1 in starting process of hydroelectric generating set And dominant frequency/>；
Step six: judging: if the amplitude of acoustic emission signal at the position of the wheel coupling bolt 1 in the starting process of the hydroelectric generating setThe amplitude/> of acoustic emission signal at the position of the rotating wheel coupling bolt 1 under the stop stateObvious change occurs, and simultaneously, main frequency/>, of acoustic emission signals at the rotating wheel coupling bolt (1) in the starting process of the hydroelectric generating setThe characteristic main frequency is the characteristic main frequency, and executing the step seven; otherwise, executing the step twelve;
step seven: the hydroelectric generating set stably runs with load;
Step eight: calculating effective value of acoustic emission signal of hydroelectric generating set at runner coupling bolt 1 under the working condition ；
Step nine: judging: if the effective value of the acoustic emission signal at the rotating wheel coupling bolt 1 of the hydroelectric generating set under the working conditionEffective value/>, of acoustic emission signal at rotating wheel coupling bolt 1 under shutdown stateExecuting the step ten if the obvious change occurs; otherwise, executing the step twelve;
Step ten: a hydroelectric generating set generates a crack fault on the runner coupling bolt 1, and the eleventh step is executed;
Step eleven: executing programs such as shutdown, inspection and the like according to a crack fault treatment plan of the hydroelectric generating set rotating wheel coupling bolt 1;
Step twelve: the hydroelectric generating set operates normally.
As shown in fig. 2, the rotating wheel 4 in the hydroelectric generating set is connected with the main shaft 5 through the rotating wheel coupling bolt 1, so that the mechanical energy converted by the water energy of the rotating wheel 4 can be transmitted to the generator rotor through the main shaft 5, and the generator rotor cuts magnetic lines of force to convert the mechanical energy into electric energy, thereby completing the purpose of converting the water energy into electric energy.
In order to ensure reliable connection between the rotating wheel 4 and the main shaft 5, the large-sized water turbine generally adopts the way that one end of a rotating wheel coupling bolt 1 is screwed into a threaded hole of the crown 6, the other end passes through a main shaft flange through hole 7, a bolt stretcher is used for applying preload to the rotating wheel coupling bolt 1, and the rotating wheel 4 and the main shaft 5 are connected together in a locking mode of a main shaft coupling bolt locking nut 3.
As shown in fig. 3, the acoustic emission sensor 2 is mounted in a threaded central bore 8 in the wheel coupling bolt 1.
For the runner coupling bolt 1 with normal working state, the acoustic emission signal measured by the acoustic emission sensor 2 does not change obviously in the process of starting and stopping the hydroelectric generating set and the process of generating power with stable load. Once the wheel coupling bolt 1 is cracked, the crack must be concentrated, that is, the local part must be a high stress area. In the process that the hydroelectric generating set enters the on-load power generation state from the shutdown state, the stress borne by the runner coupling bolt 1 is greatly increased due to the rapid increase of the axial water thrust of the water turbine, the uneven deformation and the sliding phenomenon of the microstructure generated by the local crack of the runner coupling bolt 1 are further aggravated under the action of large amplitude stress, the crack can be expanded along the direction perpendicular to the tensile stress, in the process, the energy of the generated elastic wave is mainly transmitted outwards in a longitudinal wave mode and reflected on the acoustic emission signal measured by the acoustic emission sensor 2, namely, the amplitude of the acoustic emission signal is obviously increased relative to the shutdown state, and the energy is mainly concentrated in the range of 100kHz to 200 kHz. When the hydroelectric generating set runs with stable load, the runner coupling bolt 1 can continuously work in a constant high-stress state, the existing cracks can show a trend of expanding along the 45-degree direction of the center line of the runner coupling bolt 1, at the moment, elastic wave energy caused by uneven deformation and sliding phenomena of a microstructure at the local crack of the runner coupling bolt 1 is mainly transmitted outwards in a transverse wave mode and reflected on an acoustic emission signal measured by the acoustic emission sensor 2, and the effective value of the acoustic emission signal can be obviously increased relative to a shutdown state. In summary, by comparing and analyzing the starting and stopping process of the hydroelectric generating set and the generating process of the set with stable load, the amplitude, the energy distribution condition and the change of the effective value of the acoustic emission signal measured by the acoustic emission sensor 2 can accurately judge whether the hydroelectric generating set runner coupling bolt 1 is generated by the crack defect.
The invention discloses a crack detection method for a large-sized turbine runner coupling bolt, which judges whether a turbine runner coupling bolt crack phenomenon exists or not by analyzing the change of acoustic emission signals acquired by two stages of acoustic emission sensors 2:
In the first stage, the hydroelectric generating set enters a startup process of the on-load power generation state from the shutdown state, namely, a process of rapidly increasing the stress state of the runner coupling bolt 1. The force born by the rotating wheel coupling bolt 1 in the stop state is only the pretightening force and the weight of the rotating wheel 4, and after the machine set is loaded, the force born by the rotating wheel coupling bolt 1 is increased by a plurality of times of axial water thrust which is consistent with the gravity direction and is equal to the weight of the rotating wheel 4 besides the pretightening force and the weight of the rotating wheel 4, so that the tensile force born by the rotating wheel coupling bolt 1 is increased by a plurality of times in a short time. If the runner coupling bolt 1 has no crack defect, the amplitude of the acoustic emission signal measured by the acoustic emission sensor 2 does not change obviously in the process, and the corresponding energy aggregation phenomenon does not occur in the frequency domain, as shown in figures 4 and 5, wherein, The starting time of the unit is the starting time of the unit; if the crack defect exists on the rotating wheel coupling bolt 1, the amplitude of the acoustic emission signal measured by the acoustic emission sensor 2 can be obviously changed in the process of rapidly increasing the tensile force of the rotating wheel coupling bolt 1 in a short time, and the phenomenon of energy aggregation in the frequency range of 100-200 kHz can also occur in the frequency range, as shown in fig. 6 and 7. By analyzing the change trend of the acoustic emission signals in the process, whether the runner coupling bolt 1 has crack defects or not can be judged. In order to improve the detection precision and quality of crack defects, the invention also discloses a method for judging the crack defects of the runner coupling bolt 1 in the on-load operation stage of the hydroelectric generating set.
The second stage, namely the hydroelectric generating set with stable load power generation state, is equivalent to maintaining the stress state of the runner coupling bolt 1 to be several times higher than the shutdown state. At this time, the tensile force exerted by the wheel coupling bolt 1 is kept at a high level and is substantially stable. If the runner coupling bolt 1 does not have a crack defect, the effective value of the acoustic emission signal measured by the acoustic emission sensor 2 does not change significantly during the process, as shown in fig. 8, wherein,The moment when the unit starts to carry stable load; if a crack defect exists on the rotating wheel coupling bolt 1, the effective value of the acoustic emission signal measured by the acoustic emission sensor 2 can be obviously changed as shown in fig. 9. And by analyzing the change trend of the effective values of the acoustic emission signals under the shutdown working condition and the working condition with stable load, the method can judge whether the runner coupling bolt 1 has crack defects or not.
According to the method for detecting the cracks of the runner coupling bolt of the large-sized water turbine, disclosed by the invention, through comparing the amplitude, the characteristic frequency and the effective value of the acoustic emission signal under the two working conditions of starting and stable operation of a water turbine generator set, whether the crack defect occurs in the runner coupling bolt 1 can be accurately judged.
An acoustic emission sensor 2 is arranged on the rotating wheel coupling bolt 1. The acoustic emission sensor 2 is arranged on the rotating wheel coupling bolt 1, and whether crack defects exist on the rotating wheel coupling bolt 1 or not is accurately judged by analyzing acoustic emission signals measured by the acoustic emission sensor 2.
In order to accurately judge whether the crack phenomenon exists in the runner coupling bolt 1 or not through the amplitude of the acoustic emission signal at the runner coupling bolt 1, the amplitude of the acoustic emission signal at the runner coupling bolt 1 is regulatedCalculated as follows:
（1）
Wherein:
: the state of the water turbine is/> Amplitude of the acoustic emission sensor signal;
: characteristic quantity representing state of water turbine,/> Representing that the water turbine is in a stop state,/>Representing the start-up process of the turbine,/>Representing the steady operation state of the water turbine;
: the state of the water turbine is/> A voltage value of the acoustic emission sensor signal;
: the reference voltage value of the transmitted sensor signal is generally taken/> 。
In order to accurately judge whether the runner coupling bolt 1 has a crack phenomenon or not through the effective value of the acoustic emission signal at the runner coupling bolt 1, the effective value of the acoustic emission signal at the runner coupling bolt 1 is regulatedCalculated as follows:
（2）
Wherein:
: the state of the water turbine is/> An effective value of the acoustic emission sensor signal;
: the signal sampling times of the acoustic emission sensor in the state,/> ；
: The total number of signal samples of the acoustic emission sensor in the state;
: acoustic emission sensor signal/> Subsampled voltage values.
In order to realize the judgment of whether the runner coupling bolt 1 has crack defects or not by analyzing the amplitude change of the acoustic emission signal at the runner coupling bolt 1, the amplitude of the acoustic emission signal at the runner coupling bolt 1 in the starting process of the hydroelectric generating set is specifiedThe amplitude/> of acoustic emission signal at the position of the rotating wheel coupling bolt 1 under the stop stateWhether obvious change occurs or not is judged according to the following method:
（3）
Wherein:
: the amplitude change rate of the acoustic emission signal;
If it is The amplitude of the acoustic emission signal at the wheel coupling bolt 1 in the starting process of the hydro-generator set is judgedThe amplitude/> of acoustic emission signal at the position of the rotating wheel coupling bolt 1 under the stop stateA significant change occurs.
In order to realize judging whether the runner coupling bolt 1 has crack defects or not by analyzing the main frequency change of the acoustic emission signal at the runner coupling bolt 1, the main frequency of the acoustic emission signal at the runner coupling bolt 1 in the starting process of the hydroelectric generating set is regulatedWhether the main frequency is characteristic is executed according to the following procedures:
（4）
Wherein:
: characteristic dominant frequency judgment coefficients;
If it is Judging the main frequency/>, of the acoustic emission signal at the rotor coupling bolt 1 in the starting process of the hydro-generator setIs a characteristic dominant frequency.
In order to realize the judgment of whether the runner coupling bolt 1 has crack defects or not by analyzing the effective value change of the acoustic emission signal at the runner coupling bolt 1, the effective value of the acoustic emission signal at the runner coupling bolt 1 in the steady operation state of the hydroelectric generating set is regulated and judgedEffective value/>, of acoustic emission signal at rotating wheel coupling bolt 1 under shutdown stateWhether a significant change has occurred is performed according to the following procedure:
（5）
Wherein:
: effective value/> A significant change determination coefficient occurs;
If it meets Judging the effective value/>, of the acoustic emission signal at the position of the runner coupling bolt 1 under the steady operation state of the hydroelectric generating setEffective value/>, of acoustic emission signal at rotating wheel coupling bolt 1 under shutdown stateA significant change occurs.
Claims (7)
1. A crack detection method for a large-scale water turbine runner coupling bolt is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method is realized by the following steps:
step one: the hydroelectric generating set is in a stop state;
step two: collecting signals of an acoustic emission sensor (2) at a rotating wheel coupling bolt (1);
Step three: calculating the amplitude of acoustic emission signals at the position of a rotating wheel coupling bolt (1) in a stop state And effective value/>；
Step four: starting a water turbine generator set until the load of the set is stable;
Step five: calculating the amplitude of acoustic emission signals at the position of a runner coupling bolt (1) in the starting process of a hydroelectric generating set And dominant frequency/>；
Step six: judging: if the amplitude of acoustic emission signals at the position of the rotating wheel coupling bolt (1) in the starting process of the hydroelectric generating setThe amplitude/> of acoustic emission signals at the rotating wheel coupling bolt (1) under the stop state is comparedObvious change occurs, and simultaneously, main frequency/>, of acoustic emission signals at the rotating wheel coupling bolt (1) in the starting process of the hydroelectric generating setThe characteristic main frequency is the characteristic main frequency, and executing the step seven; otherwise, executing the step twelve;
step seven: the hydroelectric generating set stably runs with load;
Step eight: calculating effective value of acoustic emission signal of hydroelectric generating set at runner coupling bolt (1) under the working condition ；
Step nine: judging: if the effective value of the acoustic emission signal at the rotating wheel coupling bolt (1) of the hydroelectric generating set under the working conditionThe effective value/>, of acoustic emission signals at the rotating wheel coupling bolt (1) under the stop stateExecuting the step ten if the obvious change occurs; otherwise, executing the step twelve;
Step ten: a hydroelectric generating set generates a crack fault on a runner coupling bolt (1), and a step eleven is executed;
Step eleven: executing a shutdown and inspection program according to a crack fault treatment plan of the hydroelectric generating set runner coupling bolt (1);
Step twelve: the hydroelectric generating set operates normally.
2. The method for detecting cracks of the large-sized water turbine runner coupling bolt according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: an acoustic emission sensor (2) is arranged on the rotating wheel coupling bolt (1).
3. The method for detecting cracks of the large-sized water turbine runner coupling bolt according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: amplitude of acoustic emission signal at runner coupling bolt (1)Calculated as follows:
（1）
Wherein:
: the state of the water turbine is/> Amplitude of the acoustic emission sensor signal;
: characteristic quantity representing state of water turbine,/> Representing that the water turbine is in a stop state,/>Representing the start-up procedure of the water turbine,Representing the steady operation state of the water turbine;
: the state of the water turbine is/> A voltage value of the acoustic emission sensor signal;
: the reference voltage value of the transmitted sensor signal is generally taken/> 。
4. The method for detecting cracks of the large-sized water turbine runner coupling bolt according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: effective value of acoustic emission signal at rotating wheel coupling bolt (1)Calculated as follows:
（2）
Wherein:
: the state of the water turbine is/> An effective value of the acoustic emission sensor signal;
: the signal sampling times of the acoustic emission sensor in the state,/> ；
: The total number of signal samples of the acoustic emission sensor in the state;
: acoustic emission sensor signal/> Subsampled voltage values.
5. The method for detecting cracks of the large-sized water turbine runner coupling bolt according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: amplitude of acoustic emission signal at runner coupling bolt (1) in starting process of hydroelectric generating setThe amplitude/> of acoustic emission signals at the rotating wheel coupling bolt (1) under the stop state is comparedWhether obvious change occurs or not is judged according to the following method:
（3）
Wherein:
: the amplitude change rate of the acoustic emission signal;
If it is Judging the amplitude/>, of the acoustic emission signal at the position of the runner coupling bolt (1) in the starting process of the hydroelectric generating setThe amplitude/> of acoustic emission signals at the rotating wheel coupling bolt (1) under the stop state is comparedA significant change occurs.
6. The method for detecting cracks of the large-sized water turbine runner coupling bolt according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: main frequency of acoustic emission signal at runner coupling bolt (1) in starting process of hydroelectric generating setWhether the main frequency is characteristic is executed according to the following procedures:
（4）
Wherein:
: characteristic dominant frequency judgment coefficients;
If it is Judging the main frequency/>, of the acoustic emission signal at the position of the runner coupling bolt (1) in the starting process of the hydroelectric generating setIs a characteristic dominant frequency.
7. The method for detecting cracks of the large-sized water turbine runner coupling bolt according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: judging effective value of acoustic emission signal at runner coupling bolt (1) under stable running state of hydroelectric generating setThe effective value/>, of acoustic emission signals at the rotating wheel coupling bolt (1) under the stop stateWhether a significant change has occurred is performed according to the following procedure:
（5）
Wherein:
: effective value/> A significant change determination coefficient occurs;
If it meets Judging the effective value/>, of the acoustic emission signal at the position of the rotating wheel coupling bolt (1) under the steady operation state of the hydroelectric generating setThe effective value/>, of acoustic emission signals at the rotating wheel coupling bolt (1) under the stop stateA significant change occurs.
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| CN112729836B (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2023-03-21 | 华电电力科学研究院有限公司 | Cycle improved water turbine cavitation initial state judging system and method thereof |
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