CN113295412A - Method for detecting reason of unbalanced stress of guide bearing of vertical water turbine generator set - Google Patents
Method for detecting reason of unbalanced stress of guide bearing of vertical water turbine generator set Download PDFInfo
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- G01M13/04—Bearings
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- F03B11/00—Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator
- F03B11/06—Bearing arrangements
- F03B11/063—Arrangements for balancing axial thrust
- F03B11/066—Arrangements for balancing axial thrust in vertical axis machines
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for detecting the reason of unbalanced stress of a guide bearing of a vertical water turbine generator set, which comprises the following steps: 1) acquiring corresponding data of each guide bearing of the generator set from the existing monitoring system; 2) setting corresponding data of each guide bearing of the generator set; 3) comparing according to relative parameters and working conditions of the water turbine generator set to obtain whether the throw is normal or not: 4) finding out the cause of the swing degree abnormity; 5) measures are taken to deal with the problem of swing degree abnormity; 6) and (5) checking a processing result. The method has the advantages that the reason that the swing degree of the corresponding guide bearing of the hydraulic generator set is abnormal is effectively, accurately and timely detected out, early warning and processing are carried out, reference and guidance are provided for overhauling and maintenance of the hydraulic generator set, the accident expansion is prevented, loss caused by rush repair due to the accident expansion is reduced, and huge economic loss brought to enterprises is avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for detecting the reason of unbalanced stress of a guide bearing of a vertical water turbine generator set, and belongs to the technical field of fault detection of water turbine generators.
Background
The vertical water turbine generator set consists of stator, rotor, rotating wheel, large shaft, guide bearings and other parts, and the guide bearings are used to limit the throw of the large shaft in the set range to ensure the safe operation of the water turbine generator set. Each guide bearing comprises an upper guide bearing, a lower guide bearing and a water guide bearing, wherein the semi-umbrella type water turbine generator set does not have the lower guide bearing, and the structure of a typical vertical water turbine generator set is shown in figure 1. The guide bearing generally comprises a large shaft, a shaft collar, a bearing bush, an oil basin and the like, and the structure of the guide bearing is shown in figure 2. The oil basin is filled with cooling medium, and the temperature of the shaft collar and the bearing bush is reduced through the cooling medium, so that the normal operation of the unit is protected finally. In the installation and operation process of the unit, the friction and abrasion of parts are inevitably caused by the errors existing in the manufacturing and installation processes, so that the unbalanced stress of a rotor, a large shaft and a guide bearing is caused, the unbalanced stress can be divided into four types of mechanical, electromagnetic, hydraulic and thermal unbalance according to the characteristics, and the unbalanced stress acts on an upper guide bearing, a lower guide bearing and a water guide bearing, so that the swing degree is increased, and even the unit is unstable to cause accidents.
The calculation monitoring system of the existing generator set is provided with an alarm value and a trip value for the swing degree of each guide bearing, and once the alarm value is exceeded, the alarm is given in time, and the trip value is exceeded and the trip is carried out in time. Because the hydroelectric generating set bears the peak-regulating and frequency-modulating tasks, the hydroelectric generating set needs to frequently pass through the vibration region, and the throw is increased in the process of passing through the vibration region, so that the alarm value is relatively wide, delayed alarm is realized, and early warning is not timely realized. Therefore, when the reason analysis is carried out, the reason analysis still depends on the data after the accident (after the fault) for arrangement, and the analysis is carried out according to the artificial experience, so that the time and the labor are wasted, and the requirement of timely detection cannot be met. Therefore, there is a need for improvements in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for detecting the reason of unbalanced stress of a guide bearing of a vertical water-turbine generator set, which comprises the following steps:
1) each guide bearing of the generator set is obtained from the existing generator set online monitoring system: swing peak value Y, swing-frequency multiplication amplitude Y1The load output P of the generator set, the rotating speed N of the generator set, the position of a circuit breaker at the outlet of the generator set and the temperature T of the upper end surface of the shaft collar;
2) setting the alarm value of the swing peak value Y of each guide bearing as Ybi, and setting the swing-frequency multiplication amplitude Y of each guide bearing1Alarm value of Y1bi, the temperature alarm value of the upper end face of the shaft collar corresponding to each guide bearing is Tbi, wherein i is iOn the upper part、iLower part、iWater (W)；
3) According to the guide vane opening degree, the rotating speed, the position of the generator outlet circuit breaker and the exciting current of the water turbine generator set, the following working conditions of the generator set are as follows:
starting up and rotating speed changing working conditions: the process that the rotating speed of the generator set is increased from 0 to the rated rotating speed;
and (3) idling working condition: the generator set keeps running at a rated rotating speed, exciting current is not added, and the outlet circuit breaker is not switched on;
no-load working condition: the generator set keeps running at a rated rotating speed and is added with exciting current, the end voltage of the generator is rated voltage, and a breaker at the outlet of the generator set is opened;
the load working condition is as follows: the generator set keeps running at a rated rotating speed and is added with exciting current, the end voltage of the generator is rated voltage, and an outlet circuit breaker of the generator set is switched on and transmits power to a power grid;
the following comparisons were made:
31) the swing peak value Y of each guide bearing is less than the alarm value Ybi set in the step 2), which indicates that the swing is normal; it is composed ofWhere i is ═ iOn the upper part、iLower part、iWater (W)；
32) The swing peak value Y of each guide bearing is larger than the alarm value Ybi set in the step 2), and the swing is abnormal, wherein i is iOn the upper part、iLower part、iWater (W)；
4) Finding out the reason of the swing degree abnormity in the step 32) as follows:
41) under the working condition that the generator set is started and the rotating speed is changed, k1 is calculated according to the following formula to determine whether the change of the swing peak value Y of the corresponding guide bearing is increased in proportion to the square of the change of the rotating speed of the generator set: y ^ k1 ^ N2+b，
Wherein: y is the peak value of the corresponding swing degree peak of the guide bearing, N is the rotating speed of the generator set, b is a constant, and k1 is obtained through the calculation of the formula;
calculating the ratio coefficient of whether the corresponding guide bearing throw-frequency multiplication amplitude is in the corresponding guide bearing throw peak value or not according to the following formula:
wherein: y is the peak value of the corresponding guide bearing swing degree, and Y1 is a frequency doubling amplitude of the corresponding guide bearing swing degree;
when k2 is more than 0.5, the ratio coefficient of the corresponding guide bearing throw-frequency multiplication amplitude in the corresponding guide bearing throw peak value is more than half, namely the corresponding guide bearing throw-frequency multiplication amplitude Y1The balance is abnormal due to mechanical unbalance if the balance accounts for the main components;
42) under the no-load working condition of the generator set, the swing peak value Y of the corresponding guide bearing is larger than an alarm value Ybi, and the swing change is in direct proportion to the change of the exciting current, so that the swing is abnormal caused by electromagnetic unbalance;
43) under the working condition that the generator set is under load, the swing peak value Y of the corresponding guide bearing is larger than an alarm value Ybi, the guide vanes are mainly concentrated between 0-40% and 90-100 opening degrees, and the swing peak value Y is kept stable, so that swing abnormality caused by hydraulic imbalance is caused;
44) under the working condition that the generator set is under the load, the swing peak value Y of the corresponding guide bearing with the same load is increased along with the time, and the temperature of the upper end face of the shaft collar corresponding to the corresponding guide bearing is increased, so that the swing is abnormal due to thermal unbalance;
5) taking measures to solve the problem of swing degree abnormity caused by the reason of the step 4);
6) and (4) checking a processing result: when the corresponding swing peak value Y of the guide bearing is less than the alarm value Ybi, the effect of the treatment measures in the step 5) is proved.
The measures of the step 5) are as follows:
adding a balancing weight to balance the abnormal swing of the corresponding guide bearing caused by the mechanical unbalance by adopting a dynamic balance test;
processing the corresponding pendulum degree abnormity of the guide bearing caused by the electromagnetic unbalance by adjusting the roundness of the rotor;
processing the corresponding swing degree abnormity of the guide bearing caused by the unbalanced hydraulic power in a rotary wheel trimming mode;
and (3) processing the abnormal throw of the corresponding guide bearing caused by the thermal unbalance by searching a friction heat generating part and adjusting a gap.
The invention has the following advantages and effects:
1) the method has the advantages that the reason that the swing degree of the guide bearing corresponding to the hydraulic generator set is abnormal is effectively detected, and reference and guidance are provided for overhauling and maintaining the hydraulic generator set.
2) The method has the advantages that the reason of the swing abnormity of the guide bearing corresponding to the water turbine generator set is accurately detected in advance, early warning is carried out, and reference is provided for the operation on-duty personnel to take countermeasures under the condition of sudden abnormity.
3) By early warning and processing, the accident expansion is prevented, and the loss caused by rush repair due to the accident expansion is reduced.
4) The loss is 14 ten thousand yuan per hour of stop according to the calculation of 70 ten thousand kilowatts of single machine capacity, thereby avoiding bringing huge economic loss to enterprises.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a conventional vertical water turbine generator set;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of one of the guide bearings.
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Example 1
The No. 1 unit of a certain power plant is a vertical water turbine generator set, the rated power is 250WM, the rated rotating speed is 125 rpm, and the rated exciting current is 1740A.
After the generator set is overhauled, the self-starting generator set runs for 0-2 hours, relevant data are recorded, whether the stress of each guide bearing is unbalanced or not is detected, the detection method of the upper guide bearing, the lower guide bearing and the water guide bearing is universal because the water turbine generator set is provided with the upper guide bearing, the lower guide bearing and the water guide bearing, the structures of the guide bearings are similar, and the reasons of the unbalanced stress are also similar, so that the detection method of the upper guide bearing, the lower guide bearing and the water guide bearing is universal, in the embodiment 1, only the detection of whether the stress of the upper guide bearing of the generator set is unbalanced or not is detected, and the detection of the unbalanced stress of the rest lower guide bearings and the water guide bearings is completely the same as the detection of the upper guide bearing of the embodiment 1, and the specific detection method comprises the following steps:
1) within the time of the self-starting generator set running for 0-2 hours, a group of generator set upper guide bearings are obtained from the existing generator set on-line monitoring system every 5-6 seconds: the swing peak value Y, the upper guide bearing swing frequency doubling amplitude Y1, the generator set load P, the generator set rotating speed N, the outlet circuit breaker position, the shaft collar upper end surface temperature T and the exciting current I are respectively as follows:
note: the generator set speed N is expressed in percentage, 100% represents the rated speed, namely 125 rpm; rated exciting current is 1740A, exciting current I is less than 10A, and indicating that exciting current is not added; when the position of the outlet circuit breaker is 0, the outlet circuit breaker is an opening position, and when the position of the outlet circuit breaker is 1, the outlet circuit breaker is an closing position, and the generator set transmits electric energy to a power grid; the rated load of the unit, namely the active power is 250MW, and the load P is less than 1MW, which indicates that no load is carried or a small load is carried;
2) setting the alarm value Yb of the pendulum peak value Y of the upper guide bearingOn the upper part350 μm, swing degreeA frequency doubling amplitude alarm value Y1bOn the upper part210 μm, and the temperature alarm value Tb of the upper end surface of the shaft collar corresponding to the upper guide bearingOn the upper partIs 45 ℃;
3) according to the guide vane opening degree, the rotating speed, the position of a generator outlet circuit breaker and the exciting current of the water-turbine generator set, the working condition of the generator set is starting variable rotating speed;
the following comparisons were made:
31) the pendulum degree peak value Y of the upper guide bearing is maintained within 418 mu m and is larger than the alarm value Yb of the pendulum degree peak value set in the step 2)On the upper part350 μm, which indicates the swing is abnormal;
4) finding the cause of the pendulum anomaly of step 31) by:
41) the working condition of the generator set is that the starting speed is changed: calculating k1 according to the following formula by using 0-100% Ne and Ne as rated rotation speed to determine whether the variation of the swing peak value Y of the upper guide bearing increases in proportion to the square of the variation of the rotation speed of the generator set:
y is in proportion to k 1N 2+ b, wherein Y is an upper leading swing degree peak value, N is a rotating speed, b is a constant of 14-17, and k1 is 320-360 calculated by the formula, and the formula is shown in the following table;
the relationship that the change of the swing peak value Y of the upper guide bearing and the square of the change of the rotating speed are increased in a proportional proportion is explained;
calculating whether the pendulum-frequency multiplication amplitude of the upper guide bearing accounts for the main component according to the following formula:
wherein: y is the top guide bearing swing peak value, Y1The swing degree of the upper guide bearing is a frequency multiplication amplitude value, and the method is as followsK2 is calculated to be 0.67-0.77 as shown in the following table:
k2 is more than 0.5, which shows the swing-frequency doubling amplitude Y of the upper guide bearing1The main component is occupied in the swing peak value Y of the upper guide bearing, which indicates that the swing abnormity is caused by mechanical unbalance;
5) by adopting a dynamic balance test, after adding the configuration blocks, the data are obtained again as follows:
6) and (4) checking a processing result: the swing peak value of the upper guide bearing is maintained at about 100 mu m, the maximum value is 141.2 mu m and is smaller than the alarm value 350 mu m, and the effect of the treatment measure in the step 5) is shown.
Example 2
A No. 4 generating set of a certain power plant is a vertical water turbine generating set, the rated power is 350WM, the rated rotating speed is 75 rpm, the rated exciting current is 2650A, relevant data of an upper guide bearing is recorded during a unit test starting period after the generating set is overhauled, the detection force is unbalanced, and the detection method comprises the following steps:
1) within the time of the self-starting generator set running for 0-1 hour, the swing peak value Y of the upper guide bearing of the generator set and the frequency doubling amplitude Y of the swing 1 of the upper guide bearing are obtained from the existing generator set on-line monitoring system every 5-6 seconds1The load output P of the unit, the rotating speed N, the position of the outlet circuit breaker and the temperature T of the upper end face of the shaft collar are as follows:
note: the rotating speed N of the unit is expressed by percentage, and 100 percent represents the rated rotating speed; the rated exciting current is 2650A, the exciting current I is less than 10A, and the condition that the exciting current is not added is shown; when the position of the outlet breaker is 0, the outlet breaker is at an opening position, and when the position of the outlet breaker is 1, the outlet breaker is at a closing position, and the unit transmits electric energy to a power grid; the rated load of the unit is 350MW, and the load P is less than about 1MW, which indicates that no load is carried or the load is very small;
2) setting the alarm value Yb of the pendulum peak value Y of the upper guide bearingOn the upper part350 μm, and the upper end surface temperature alarm value Tb of the shaft collar corresponding to the upper guide bearingOn the upper partIs 45 ℃;
3) according to the guide vane opening degree, the rotating speed, the position of the generator outlet circuit breaker, the exciting current and the working condition of the generator set, the following comparisons are carried out:
31) under an idling working condition, the swing peak value Y of the upper guide bearing is maintained at about 85 mu m; under the no-load working condition, the swing peak value Y of the upper guide bearing is maintained at about 78 mu m; under the working condition of power generation, the swing peak value Y of the upper guide bearing is maintained at about 80 mu m and is smaller than the alarm value of 350 mu m, the ratio of the swing peak value Y to the alarm value is 1:42:51, the swing peak value Y is increased from 98.2 mu m to about 405 mu m and is larger than the alarm value, and the swing is abnormal;
the cause of the abnormality is determined as follows:
41) judging mechanical unbalance factors: the machine set is started to change the rotating speed (0-100% Ne, Ne is rated rotating speed), the machine set idling working condition (the machine set keeps the running of the rated rotating speed, no exciting current is added, the outlet circuit breaker is not closed) has the swing peak value basically and constantly maintained at about 78 mu m, and is smaller than the alarm value, so that the reason of mechanical unbalance can be eliminated;
42) judging electromagnetic unbalance factors: the peak value of the lower swing degree of the unit under the rated no-load working condition (the unit keeps running at the rated rotating speed, the unit is excited, the terminal voltage is the rated voltage, and the breaker at the outlet of the unit is opened) is maintained at about 78 mu m and is smaller than an alarm value, so that the reason of electromagnetic imbalance can be eliminated;
43) judging hydraulic imbalance factors: the machine set is under the load working condition (the machine set keeps running at a rated rotating speed, is excited, the terminal voltage is rated voltage, a breaker at the outlet of the machine set is switched on to transmit power to a power grid), the lower swing peak-to-peak value is maintained to be about 80 mu m and is smaller than an alarm value, and the reason of hydraulic imbalance can be eliminated;
41) judging thermal unbalance factors: the reasons are eliminated, under the working condition that the unit is loaded, the swing peak value Y of the upper guide bearing with the same load is increased along with the time, from 1:42:51, the swing peak value is increased from 98.2 mu m to about 405 mu m and is greater than the alarm value of 350 mu m, the temperature of the upper end face of the shaft collar corresponding to the upper guide bearing is increased from 43 ℃ to 60.4 ℃ and is greater than the alarm value of 45 ℃, and the reason is indicated as the cause of thermal unbalance;
5) combine the unit to shut down and overhaul, the sealed displacement that takes place of leading bearing oil pan apron on the inspection discovery, the sealed apron takes place the friction with the shaft collar in the operation process, and the production of heat causes shaft collar expansion and deformation, leads the increase of throw peak-to-peak value on, acquires data again after the adjustment is sealed, as follows:
6) and (4) checking a processing result: after treatment, the swing peak value of the guide bearing on the idling working condition is maintained to be about 81 mu m and is smaller than the alarm value of 350 mu m, which shows that the treatment achieves the effect.
Through the above embodiments 1 and 2, the method is proved to be capable of accurately analyzing and judging the reason of the unbalance of the guide bearing force of the hydroelectric generating set, giving an alarm in advance and laying a foundation for the safe and stable operation of a hydroelectric power plant.
Claims (2)
1. A method for detecting the reason of unbalanced stress of a guide bearing of a vertical water turbine generator set is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) each guide bearing of the generator set is obtained from the existing generator set online monitoring system: swing peak value Y, swing-frequency multiplication amplitude Y1The load output P of the generator set, the rotating speed N of the generator set, the position of a circuit breaker at the outlet of the generator set and the temperature T of the upper end surface of the shaft collar;
2) setting the alarm value of the swing peak value Y of each guide bearing as Ybi, and setting the swing-frequency multiplication amplitude Y of each guide bearing1Alarm value of Y1bi, the temperature alarm value of the upper end face of the shaft collar corresponding to each guide bearing is Tbi, wherein i is iOn the upper part、iLower part、iWater (W)；
3) According to the guide vane opening degree, the rotating speed, the position of the generator outlet circuit breaker and the exciting current of the water turbine generator set, the following working conditions of the generator set are as follows:
starting up and rotating speed changing working conditions: the process that the rotating speed of the generator set is increased from 0 to the rated rotating speed;
and (3) idling working condition: the generator set keeps running at a rated rotating speed, exciting current is not added, and the outlet circuit breaker is not switched on;
no-load working condition: the generator set keeps running at a rated rotating speed and is added with exciting current, the end voltage of the generator is rated voltage, and a breaker at the outlet of the generator set is opened;
the load working condition is as follows: the generator set keeps running at a rated rotating speed and is added with exciting current, the end voltage of the generator is rated voltage, and an outlet circuit breaker of the generator set is switched on and transmits power to a power grid;
the following comparisons were made:
31) the swing peak value Y of each guide bearing is less than the alarm value Ybi set in the step 2), which indicates that the swing is normal; wherein i ═ iOn the upper part、iLower part、iWater (W)；
32) The swing peak value Y of each guide bearing is larger than the alarm value Ybi set in the step 2), and the swing is abnormal, wherein i is iOn the upper part、iLower part、iWater (W)；
4) Finding out the reason of the swing degree abnormity in the step 32) as follows:
41) under the working condition that the generator set is started and the rotating speed is changed, k1 is calculated according to the following formula to determine whether the change of the swing peak value Y of the corresponding guide bearing is increased in proportion to the square of the change of the rotating speed of the generator set: y ^ k1 ^ N2+b，
Wherein: y is the peak value of the corresponding swing degree peak of the guide bearing, N is the rotating speed of the generator set, b is a constant, and k1 is obtained through the calculation of the formula;
calculating the ratio coefficient of whether the corresponding guide bearing throw-frequency multiplication amplitude is in the corresponding guide bearing throw peak value or not according to the following formula:
wherein: y is the peak value of the corresponding guide bearing swing degree, and Y1 is a frequency doubling amplitude of the corresponding guide bearing swing degree;
when k2 is more than 0.5, the ratio coefficient of the corresponding guide bearing throw-frequency multiplication amplitude in the corresponding guide bearing throw peak value is more than half, namely the corresponding guide bearing throw-frequency multiplication amplitude Y1The balance is abnormal due to mechanical unbalance if the balance accounts for the main components;
42) under the no-load working condition of the generator set, the swing peak value Y of the corresponding guide bearing is larger than an alarm value Ybi, and the swing change is in direct proportion to the change of the exciting current, so that the swing is abnormal caused by electromagnetic unbalance;
43) under the working condition that the generator set is under load, the swing peak value Y of the corresponding guide bearing is larger than an alarm value Ybi, the guide vanes are mainly concentrated between 0-40% and 90-100 opening degrees, and the swing peak value Y is kept stable, so that swing abnormality caused by hydraulic imbalance is caused;
44) under the working condition that the generator set is under the load, the swing peak value Y of the corresponding guide bearing with the same load is increased along with the time, and the temperature of the upper end face of the shaft collar corresponding to the corresponding guide bearing is increased, so that the swing is abnormal due to thermal unbalance;
5) taking measures to solve the problem of swing degree abnormity caused by the reason of the step 4);
6) and (4) checking a processing result: when the corresponding swing peak value Y of the guide bearing is less than the alarm value Ybi, the effect of the treatment measures in the step 5) is proved.
2. The method for detecting the reason of the unbalanced stress of the guide bearing of the vertical water-turbine generator set according to claim 1, wherein the measures in the step 5) are as follows:
adding a balancing weight to balance the abnormal swing of the corresponding guide bearing caused by the mechanical unbalance by adopting a dynamic balance test;
processing the corresponding pendulum degree abnormity of the guide bearing caused by the electromagnetic unbalance by adjusting the roundness of the rotor;
processing the corresponding swing degree abnormity of the guide bearing caused by the unbalanced hydraulic power in a rotary wheel trimming mode;
and (3) processing the abnormal throw of the corresponding guide bearing caused by the thermal unbalance by searching a friction heat generating part and adjusting a gap.
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