CN117980626A - 同步带纤维处理剂和带 - Google Patents
同步带纤维处理剂和带 Download PDFInfo
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- CN117980626A CN117980626A CN202280063459.9A CN202280063459A CN117980626A CN 117980626 A CN117980626 A CN 117980626A CN 202280063459 A CN202280063459 A CN 202280063459A CN 117980626 A CN117980626 A CN 117980626A
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Abstract
具有嵌入弹性体基体中的织物增强件的织物增强的弹性体复合材料。所述织物增强件包括纤维或纱线以及施加至所述纤维的粘附处理剂,其中所述粘附处理剂包含石墨烯或石墨烯氧化物。所述织物增强件可以是织物或拉伸帘布。所述纤维可以是聚酯、芳纶、碳纤维、玻璃纤维、PBO、PEN或聚酰胺。粘附处理剂可以是环氧处理剂、环氧‑胶乳处理剂、丙烯酸类聚合物处理剂、胶乳处理剂、聚氨酯处理剂、RFL处理剂、橡胶粘结剂或它们的组合。复合材料可以为齿形带形式,其中织物增强件是齿覆盖物或嵌入在带中的螺旋缠绕的拉伸帘布。
Description
相关申请引用
本申请要求于2021年8月18日提交的美国临时申请No.63/234,369的权益,其内容在此全文引入。
引用由本申请申请人于2021年8月18日提交的题为“同步带织物处理剂和带”的申请No.63/234,370,其全部内容在此作为参考引入。
技术领域
本发明总体上涉及用于齿形织物或嵌入同步带中的拉伸帘布内的纤维或纱线的表面处理剂,更具体地涉及含有石墨烯的粘附处理剂。
同步带(也称为正时带或齿形带或正传动带)广泛用于要求被驱动部件与驱动部件之间准确计时或同步的动力传送应用中。同步带通常具有柔软弹性材料主体和嵌入其中的不可延伸的拉伸构件或拉伸帘布。在带的至少一侧上是均匀间隔开的横向齿,将所述横向齿设计成与驱动系统中有槽的链轮相配合。齿或齿形的表面通常覆盖有齿覆盖织物。可用粘附剂例如RFL(间苯二酚-甲醛-胶乳)或橡胶组合物处理织物,用于对带主体改进的粘附性和/或用于改进的表面摩擦特征、耐磨性、或环境耐受性。此外,还提出了外涂层用于改变摩擦行为、耐磨性或环境耐受性。本文将适合用作齿覆盖物的经处理的织物称为“护套”以将其与未经处理的织物区分开。正时带织物和护套的粘附性的进一步改进是所期望的。
齿形带通常还包括不可延伸的拉伸构件,所述拉伸构件防止齿间距(即齿间距或齿与齿之间的间距)在拉伸负荷下增大。所述不可延伸的拉伸构件通常为玻璃纤维、碳纤维、芳纶纤维、金属线、PBO(聚苯并双唑)或它们的混杂物的绞合帘布。所述拉伸构件通常还用一种或多种粘附处理剂浸渍和/或涂覆以改进对带主体的粘附性。拉伸构件粘附性的改进也是所期望的。
石墨烯是片状碳。它主要是几乎全部或全部完全剥离的单个石墨片或部分剥离的石墨片(其中两片或更多片石墨还没有相互剥离)。因此,石墨烯片可以是完全和部分剥离的石墨片的混合物。石墨烯可具有至少约100m2/g至约2630m2/g的表面积。
在美国专利公开No.2016/0194475A1中报道了石墨烯共混到制备纤维的聚合物中时增强聚合物纤维。
在JP2018/017398A中报道了当石墨烯用于带的护套的表面涂层中时为带的接触表面提供润滑(摩擦系数降低)和耐磨性。所述粘合剂优选为与带主体相同或相似的硫化橡胶并且优选施加至织物一侧。JP2018/017398A公开了具有织物覆盖物的齿形带,所述织物覆盖物在外部具有摩擦的橡胶涂层(包含粘合剂、填充剂和石墨烯)。所述织物覆盖物可以用RFL、环氧树脂或其它组合物预处理,之后将石墨烯/粘合剂组合物施加至所述一侧。
JP2018/004080A公开了当将石墨烯添加至存在于表面处的橡胶组合物时,有效降低了V型带上的表面摩擦系数。
美国专利公开No.2016/0115293A1中描述了制备包含分散在用于聚合物组合物和纤维中的溶剂中的石墨烯片的组合物的方法,其中涉及石墨烯和制备用于结合到其它材料配制物中的石墨烯分散体的方法的内容在此作为参考引入。
发明内容
本发明涉及为织物增强的橡胶复合材料(例如覆盖齿形带的织物或齿形带的拉伸构件纤维)提供处理或为纤维提供对橡胶改进的粘附性的体系和方法。本发明还涉及为齿形带的拉伸构件提供处理剂使其具有对带主体材料改进的粘附性的体系和方法。本发明可以包括使用护套或帘布的其它类型的动力传送带或输送带,例如V-带、多V-加肋带、平带、圆形带以及类似物、或织物增强软管。
本发明涉及具有嵌入弹性体基体中的织物增强件的织物增强的弹性体复合材料。所述织物增强件包括纤维或纱线以及施加至所述纤维的粘附处理剂,其中所述粘附处理剂包含石墨烯或石墨烯氧化物。
织物增强件可以是织物或拉伸帘布。纤维可以是聚酯、芳纶、碳纤维、玻璃纤维、PBO、PEN或聚酰胺。
粘附处理剂可以是环氧处理剂、环氧-胶乳处理剂、丙烯酸类聚合物处理剂、胶乳处理剂、聚氨酯处理剂、RFL处理剂、橡胶粘结剂或它们的组合。
复合材料可以是齿形带形式,其中织物增强件是齿覆盖物或嵌入带中的螺旋缠绕的拉伸帘布。
前述内容已相当广泛地概述了本发明的特征和技术优点,以便可以更好地理解以下本发明的详细描述。将在下文中描述本发明另外的特征和优点,这些构成本发明权利要求的主题。本领域技术人员应当理解,所公开的构思和具体实施方案可容易地用作用于调整或设计用于实施本发明相同目的的其它结构的基础。本领域技术人员还应认识到,这些等同构造并不偏离所附权利要求中阐述的本发明范围。当结合附图考虑时,由以下描述将更好地理解据认为是本发明特征的新特征(关于其组织和操作方法)以及进一步的目的和优点。但应明确理解的是,所提供的每一附图仅用于说明和描述目的,而不限定本发明。
附图说明
在结合到本说明书中并构成说明书一部分的附图中,相似的附图标记指代相似的部件,这些附图描述了本发明的实施方案,并且与说明书一起用于解释本发明的原理。在附图中:
图1是根据本发明实施方案的正时带的部分片段的侧视图;和
图2是剥离粘附测试的示意性侧视图。
具体实施方式
现在已经发现将石墨烯添加至织物或纤维粘附剂或纤维表面处理剂例如环氧/胶乳或RFL中增加粘附性。石墨烯具有润滑性并且已经用于改进磨损表面的耐磨性,但同时粘附性的改进是出人意料的。最具润滑性的添加剂降低了粘附性。
石墨烯描述
石墨烯是由以六边形分布的碳原子单层片组成的纳米材料。石墨烯是二维、原子级、六边形晶格形式的碳同素异形体,其中在六边形晶格中一个原子形成一个顶点。它是其它同素异形体(包括石墨、炭、碳纳米管和富勒烯)的基本结构元件。可以认为它是无限大的芳族分子,是平的多环芳族烃系列的最终情况。石墨烯纳米片可作为高纯度、低缺陷、纳米级厚度的超薄石墨烯颗粒获得。它们还可以是单层石墨片的短堆。它们通常由专有制造工艺制成。它们以若干等级和尺寸生产。
石墨烯氧化物(GO)是具有连接至碳网络的羟基、环氧基、和/或羧基官能团的石墨烯的氧化形式。GO保持未官能化的石墨烯的结构性质,并且由于亲水性氧基团,可以预期GO表现出较好的化学反应性和在水中的分散性。但在本文中,当提及“石墨烯”时,指未官能化的石墨烯,并且当适当时,为了清楚起见,将使用“石墨烯氧化物”或“GO”。
可获得具有不同的片厚度、横向尺寸和官能化的商业石墨烯和GO粉末和分散体。用于实施本发明的示例性石墨烯包括来自XG Sciences,Inc.的不同等级的石墨烯纳米片以及可由Global Graphene Group、Graphene Supermarket、Sixth Element和许多其它供应商获得的不同等级的石墨烯和石墨烯氧化物的粉末和分散体。
在本文中,我们使用添加至粘附剂涂料体系的水基石墨烯用于织物处理。织物可以是拉伸帘布或织物。出人意料地,这种处理可以改进织物在复合材料制品(如动力传送带)外侧的耐磨性和与内侧橡胶化合物的粘附性。
涂料
作为非限制性实例,向其中添加石墨烯的粘附剂涂料可以是RFL、橡胶粘结剂、丙烯酸基涂料或环氧基涂料(例如环氧-胶乳涂料)。涂料可以包括其它形式的碳例如碳黑、石墨、纳米结构碳等以及任何需要的固化剂、表面活性剂、着色剂、抗降解剂或其它常规成分。
拉伸帘布或织物可以嵌入在橡胶材料中或进一步用常规的粘附剂和/或橡胶涂料橡胶化。
在2014年3月20日公开的美国专利公开No.2014/0080647A1中描述了示例性环氧树脂-胶乳处理剂,该专利通过引用特此并入本文。该专利公开了齿形带,所述齿形带具有在其一个表面侧上包括齿的带主体和用第一环氧树脂的硬化材料处理的饰面织物。替代地,用包括第二环氧树脂、用于硬化第二环氧树脂的第二硬化剂和橡胶组分的处理剂组合物处理饰面织物。根据该发明的实施方案,可以将石墨烯添加至所述环氧或环氧-橡胶织物处理剂并且涂覆在织物的纤维上,以改进织物与橡胶带主体或经处理的织物上的橡胶顶部涂层的粘附性。
在2017年5月11日公开的美国专利公开No.2017/0130014A1中描述了另外的示例性粘附剂体系。所述体系是水性的并且还可以受益于粉末状或分散的石墨烯或GO的添加。
RFL粘附剂是本领域技术人员熟知的和因此将不在此详细描述。
应注意的是,粘附性改进意味着经处理的纤维嵌入基体(通常是橡胶)中。因此,由于包括石墨烯或石墨烯氧化物的介入涂层,纤维和基体之间具有改进的粘附性。在磨损使纤维暴露的情况下,可看到附加的益处。这样的情况的实例是在动力传送带中,其中纤维嵌入橡胶层或被橡胶层覆盖,所述橡胶层可能最终磨损,使经处理的纤维暴露。在这些情况下,一旦基体磨损,添加至初级纤维涂料或处理剂中的石墨烯或石墨烯氧化物可以改进耐磨性。
图1中描述了本发明的正时带的构造。应当理解,在图1中仅示出了无限长的带的一部分。带200在一侧上包括齿214,所述齿214接合有槽链轮或有槽滑轮。齿214与平台215交替。将从齿214侧面到平台215的弯曲过渡称为根或齿根。带200具有光滑的背侧220,尽管替代实施方案可以在两侧均具有类似的齿。主体橡胶或弹性体包括齿橡胶212和背橡胶222。齿形侧覆盖有齿护套216,和背侧220覆盖有背护套224。将齿重复长度称为齿距“P”。拉伸构件218嵌入在带主体橡胶中并赋予带高拉伸模量。根据本发明的实施方案,拉伸构件218可以包括一种或多种纤维粘附处理剂,所述纤维粘附处理剂可以包括石墨烯或石墨烯氧化物。
齿护套216包括织物217、表面橡胶层219和一种或多种附加的织物处理剂例如粘附层213,以增强一种或多种带性质(例如粘附性、耐油性、耐磨性等)以及体系性能(例如正时误差和耐久性)。根据本发明的实施方案,一种或多种纤维处理剂包含石墨烯或石墨烯氧化物。同样地,与齿护套一样,背护套224可以包括织物和一种或多种相同或不同的处理剂。因此,术语“护套”用于描述包括一种或多种处理剂的织物,其通常是准备好用于组装到带或其它橡胶复合材料制品中的形式。“织物”通常是指在施加处理剂之前织造、非织造或针织材料的原始织物。
织物实施例
以下实施例描述了在用于不同带织物(例如覆盖织物和拉伸帘布)的不同涂层中使用石墨烯和石墨烯氧化物以改进粘附性。
在第一实施例中,如在US2014/0080647 A1中所述,使用用环氧-胶乳处理剂处理的芳纶/尼龙织物制备同步带护套。将环氧-胶乳涂层改性为包括石墨烯,然后将其与未改性的对照涂层进行比较。所使用的石墨烯是来自The Sixth Element(Changzhou)Materials Technology Co.,Ltd.的GP1201。GP1201是5%固体的水基分散体,具有7-8的pH和≤3000mPa.s的粘度,具有≤6μm的平均粒径(D50)。
表1示出了在第一实施例中使用的四种环氧-胶乳浸渍配制物。对照浸渍剂没有石墨烯。如表中所示,浸渍剂A、B和C具有增加的石墨烯GN1201含量。将浸渍剂施加到改性平纹织造织物(在经纱和纬纱两者中均具有芳纶和尼龙纤维的混合物)上和施加到斜纹织造织物(在纬纱中具有对位芳纶纱线和弹性纱线和在经纱中具有间位芳纶纱线)上。使用两种方法来施加浸渍剂。在第一浸渍工艺中,将织物浸渍在配制物中1分钟,在空气中干燥20-30分钟,然后在155℃下在烘箱中烘20分钟。浸渍剂吸收量为17-22重量%。第二种方法包括喷涂工艺,其中将浸渍剂C喷涂到已浸渍的织物上。在每次喷涂施用后,将织物干燥约1小时。对于一些实施例,在浸渍后,在一次或两次涂覆中向织物一侧喷涂。将最终涂覆的织物在烘箱中在120℃下烘20分钟。当浸渍和喷涂组合时总吸收量为33-44重量%。测试了对两种HNBR橡胶配制物的剥离粘附性。测试橡胶是用于正时带的主体橡胶配制物和粘附粘结剂橡胶配制物。除非另外指出,所有组合物均以重量百分数计。
图2描述了剥离粘附性测试。测试试样300包括至少两层橡胶和两层测试织物或护套。护套310和测试橡胶层315之间的界面通过如箭头所示拉动而分开。护套层320使测试橡胶层315稳定,橡胶层325使护套310稳定并便于抓握。
正时带的织物如在这些实验中使用的那些倾向于具有较粗糙侧和较光滑侧。所述较粗糙侧用于与带主体结合,希望由于粗糙度而具有更好的机械粘附性。较光滑侧用于滑轮接触表面。表2中的结果表明哪侧用于粘附性测试。
表2示出了使用和不使用石墨烯的粘附性结果。看起来湿浸渍配制物中0.1%石墨烯或基于干重计0.3%石墨烯近似为这个体系中对粘附性有积极作用的下限。通常,粘附性随着石墨烯含量增加和织物上浸渍剂量增加而改进。因此,利用浸渍和喷涂的实施例(即约40%吸收量)比仅浸渍(即约20%吸收量)更好。有用的上限取决于在浸渍剂中分散石墨烯的能力。在这些配制物中,发现1%(湿基)或6%(干基)石墨烯或石墨烯氧化物倾向于不稳定并且石墨烯或石墨烯氧化物倾向于沉淀出来,导致性能下降。
选择包含用浸渍剂B浸渍涂覆并用浸渍剂C喷涂的仅芳纶织物的护套来制备测试带,用于与基于对照浸渍剂的对照带进行比较。在这两种情况下,也将粘附橡胶施加至护套。如在表2中所见,这种织物的剥离粘附值是143N/25mm,与对照相比有17%的改进。在带上的剥离测试显示出本发明的护套也具有比对照更好的粘附性,即在齿上方27%的更好的剥离以及在平台上方45%的更好的剥离。在热油测试台上,其中所述带部分浸没在热油浴中运行,本发明带的带寿命比对照带长33%。在带上也有油的电动发动机测试台上,带的寿命比对照带长27%。
表1
在第二个实施例实验中,在以上表1中相同的浸渍配制物中使用石墨烯氧化物代替石墨烯,即与以上使用石墨烯的试验中用量相同。所用石墨烯氧化物是来自同一供应商的SAS-522,在水基分散体中具有3.6%固体含量。将相同的芳纶/尼龙共混物织物和带主体橡胶用于粘附性测试。织物上的吸收量相当低,为8-12%。尽管如此,使用石墨烯氧化物还是观察到了一些粘附性改进。没有用GO进行在较高吸收量下的实验,但预期它们将显示出与石墨烯实验相当的结果。
表2
拉伸帘布实施例
如在美国专利公开No.2017/0130014A1中描述的,混合示例性水性粘附剂组合物,其基于湿重计由86.7% 7002作为聚电解质(30%固体)、4.8%来自Michelman的Hydros ize EP834作为双酚A环氧树脂(60%固体)、0.7%来自Harwick的Luperox(R)101XL45作为过氧化物固化剂(45%固体)和7.8%附加蒸馏水组成。使用的石墨烯氧化物据记录具有2nm的板厚度和554nm的平均尺寸。使用15%净固体配制物和30%净固体配制物作为对照。向其中添加0.05% GO和0.1% GO(基于最终干重计)。然后将这六个试样分别涂覆到碳纤维拉伸帘布上。施加Chemlok 238外涂层并且使用用于动力传送带的常规EPDM橡胶组合物制备T-嵌段(T-block)粘附剂试样。平均来说,约10%的粘附性改进可归因于GO,即使很低用量下也是如此。
在RFL实验中,用石墨烯改性用于聚酯(“PET”)帘布和织物的典型粘附剂体系。对照或基准体系包括直接在纤维上的任选的底漆,然后是RFL粘附处理剂,接着是外涂层粘附剂(Chemlok 238)。在这个系列中,石墨烯GP1201仅添加至外涂层、添加至RFL和外涂层、以及添加至底漆和RFL。所添加的量示于表3中(基于干重百分数计)。PET带材用处理剂涂覆,干燥,然后与EPDM带化合物接触硫化以制备剥离粘附测试试样。在50mm/min下进行剥离测试。在表3中报告了对于不同组合的三次剥离粘附测试结果的平均值。平均而言,在大多数情况和使用中,石墨烯将粘附性改进10%或以上。
表3
因此,在不同的实施方案中,可以通过石墨烯或石墨烯氧化物或其它官能化石墨烯与现有粘附剂配制物的粘附性来改进增强橡胶复合材料制品中织物与橡胶的粘附性。织物可以是织物或拉伸帘布。织物中的纤维材料可以是例如聚酯、芳纶、碳纤维、玻璃纤维、PBO、PEN、聚酰胺或它们的组合。粘附处理剂可以是环氧处理剂、环氧-胶乳处理剂、丙烯酸类聚合物处理剂、胶乳处理剂、聚氨酯处理剂、RFL处理剂、橡胶粘结剂或它们的组合。向其中添加石墨烯的粘附处理剂可以是纤维上的第一底漆、主粘附剂、辅助粘附剂或外涂层或它们的任何组合。织物与之结合的橡胶可以是任何适合的橡胶,包括EPM或EPDM、NBR或HNBR、其它乙烯-α-烯烃橡胶、其它二烯橡胶、氟弹性体、丙烯酸类橡胶、聚氨酯弹性体等。可能受益的复合材料制品的实例包括动力传送带、输送或运送带、软管、空气缓冲器等。所添加的石墨烯或石墨烯氧化物的量基于干重计可以低至0.05%、或0.1%、或0.2%、或0.5%。所添加的石墨烯或石墨烯氧化物的量基于干重计可以高达6%、或5%、或3%或1.5%。
虽然已经详细描述了本发明及其优点,但应理解的是,在不偏离所附权利要求限定的本发明范围的情况下,可以在此进行各种改变、替换和替代。此外,本申请的范围不限于说明书中描述的工艺、机器、制备、物质组成、装置、方法和步骤的特定实施方案。本领域普通技术人员由本发明的公开将很容易理解,根据本发明可以利用当前存在的或将来开发的与本文描述的对应实施方案实现基本相同的功能或达到基本相同的结果的工艺、机器、制备、物质组成、装置、方法或步骤。因此,所附权利要求意在其范围内包括这些工艺、机器、制备、物质组成、装置、方法或步骤。本文公开的发明可以适当地在不存在本文未具体公开的任何要素的情况下实施。
Claims (10)
1.织物增强的弹性体复合材料,其包含嵌入弹性体基体中的织物增强件,所述织物增强件包含纤维和施加至所述纤维的粘附处理剂,其中所述粘附处理剂包含石墨烯或石墨烯氧化物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的弹性体复合材料,其中所述织物增强件为包含所述纤维的织物,和所述织物用所述粘附处理剂处理。
3.根据权利要求1所述的弹性体复合材料,其中所述织物增强件为包含所述纤维的拉伸帘布,和所述拉伸帘布用所述粘附处理剂处理。
4.根据权利要求1所述的弹性体复合材料,其中所述拉伸帘布包含聚酯、芳纶、碳纤维、玻璃纤维、PBO、PEN和聚酰胺的纤维。
5.根据权利要求1所述的弹性体复合材料,其中所述粘附处理剂选自环氧处理剂、环氧-胶乳处理剂、丙烯酸类聚合物处理剂、胶乳处理剂、聚氨酯处理剂、RFL处理剂、橡胶粘结剂及它们的组合。
6.根据权利要求1所述的弹性体复合材料,其为动力传送带形式。
7.根据权利要求6所述的弹性体复合材料,其为齿形带形式,其中所述织物增强件为齿覆盖织物。
8.根据权利要求6所述的弹性体复合材料,其中所述织物增强件为嵌入所述带中的螺旋缠绕的拉伸帘布。
9.根据权利要求1所述的弹性体复合材料,其中所述石墨烯以基于干固体按重量计约0.05-6.0%的浓度存在于所述粘附处理剂中。
10.根据权利要求1所述的弹性体复合材料,其中所述石墨烯氧化物以基于干固体按重量计约0.05-6.0%的浓度存在于所述粘附处理剂中。
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