CN117977360A - Ultrafast laser system with adjustable repetition frequency, frequency modulation method and control method - Google Patents
Ultrafast laser system with adjustable repetition frequency, frequency modulation method and control method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ultrafast laser system with adjustable repetition frequency, a frequency modulation method and a control method, wherein the ultrafast laser system with adjustable repetition frequency comprises a seed source for forming fundamental frequency ultrafast pulses; the repetition frequency screening module comprises an acousto-optic modulation unit and an optical reflection unit which are sequentially arranged along a path of the output of the fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse; the acousto-optic modulation unit is used for modulating the fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse based on the primary screening modulation signal to form a first pulse signal to the light reflection unit, the light reflection unit is used for receiving the first pulse signal and reflecting the first pulse signal to form a second pulse signal to the acousto-optic modulation unit, and the acousto-optic modulation unit is used for modulating the second pulse signal based on the complex screening modulation signal to form a target pulse signal. According to the invention, through setting the modulation signal of the acousto-optic modulation unit, the output control of the seed cavity with high frequency can be realized by modulating the fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse through the low-frequency acousto-optic modulator, the high-frequency acousto-optic modulator is not required to be replaced, and the cost of the laser is greatly saved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lasers, in particular to an ultrafast laser system with an adjustable repetition frequency, a frequency modulation method and a control method.
Background
The ultrafast laser has the advantage of cold working, and is widely applied to the fields of military, scientific research, industry, medical treatment and the like. For better applicability in various application fields, ultrafast lasers often are required to possess high single pulse energies. To obtain high single pulse energy, the prior art is often implemented by using a high frequency seed source frequency-reducing amplification mode, and a high frequency acousto-optic modulator is generally used.
However, there is a problem in that when the required pulse number is smaller than that obtained by modulating the fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse with the limit modulation width by the acousto-optic modulator, the higher frequency acousto-optic modulator needs to be replaced, and the higher frequency acousto-optic modulator has almost reached the limit in the process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an ultrafast laser system with adjustable repetition frequency, a frequency modulation method and a control method, wherein the modulation signals of an acousto-optic modulation unit are arranged, so that the output control of a high-frequency seed cavity can be realized by modulating fundamental frequency ultrafast pulses through a low-frequency acousto-optic modulator, the high-frequency acousto-optic modulator is not required to be replaced, and the cost of a laser is greatly saved.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided an ultrafast laser system with adjustable repetition rate, comprising:
A seed source for forming an ultrafast pulse at a fundamental frequency;
The repetition frequency screening module comprises an acousto-optic modulation unit and an optical reflection unit which are sequentially arranged along the path of the fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse output; the acousto-optic modulation unit is used for modulating the fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse based on a primary screening modulation signal to form a first pulse signal to the light reflection unit, the light reflection unit is used for receiving the first pulse signal and reflecting the first pulse signal to form a second pulse signal to the acousto-optic modulation unit, and the acousto-optic modulation unit is used for modulating the second pulse signal based on a complex screening modulation signal to form a target pulse signal;
The control module is connected with the acousto-optic modulation unit and used for determining the output time and the primary screening pulse width of the primary screening modulation signal and the output time and the complex screening pulse width of the complex screening modulation signal according to the target period of the target pulse signal, the target pulse number in the target period, the limit modulation width of the acousto-optic modulation unit, the parameters of the fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse and the flight time of light between the acousto-optic modulation unit and the light reflection unit; the primary screening modulation signal is controlled according to the output time of the primary screening modulation signal and the primary screening pulse width, and the secondary screening modulation signal is controlled according to the output time of the secondary screening modulation signal and the secondary screening pulse width, so that the target pulse signal is screened out by alternately acting on the acousto-optic modulation unit;
When the target pulse number is smaller than or equal to the primary screening pulse number obtained by modulating the fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse by the primary screening modulation signal with the limit modulation width, the control module is used for controlling the primary screening modulation signal to be output according to the target period, and controlling the complex screening modulation signal to be output after a first duration of outputting the primary screening modulation signal each time; the first duration is the sum of the flight time and delay time, the delay time is the product of the pulse number difference value between the target pulse number and the primary screening pulse number and the period of the fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse, and the primary screening pulse width and the secondary screening pulse width are both the limit modulation width.
Optionally, when the target pulse number is greater than the number of primary screening pulses obtained by modulating the fundamental frequency ultrafast pulses by the primary screening modulation signal with the limit modulation width, the control module is configured to control the primary screening modulation signal output according to the target period, and control the complex screening modulation signal output after each time of flight of the primary screening modulation signal is output; the primary screening pulse width and the secondary screening pulse width are the products of the target pulse number and the period of the fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse, and are smaller than or equal to the flight time.
Optionally, the repetition frequency screening module includes a polarization beam splitting unit, where the polarization beam splitting unit is located in an optical path between an output end of the seed source and an input end of the acousto-optic modulation unit, and is configured to reflect the fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse to the acousto-optic modulation unit, and also is configured to transmit the target pulse signal modulated by the acousto-optic modulation unit; the light reflecting unit is a Faraday rotary reflecting mirror, and the polarization directions of the first pulse signal and the second pulse signal are different.
Optionally, the method further comprises: an optical isolation unit;
The optical isolation unit is positioned on an optical path between the output end of the seed source and the input end of the repetition frequency screening module and is used for transmitting the fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse to the repetition frequency screening module in a unidirectional manner.
Optionally, the method further comprises: the device comprises an optical coupling unit, a frequency detection unit and an alarm;
The input end of the optical coupling unit is connected with the output end of the repeated frequency screening module, the first output end of the optical coupling unit is used for outputting the target pulse signal, and the second output end of the optical coupling unit is connected with the frequency detection unit;
the control module is connected with the frequency detection unit and the alarm and is used for controlling the alarm of the alarm according to whether the actual pulse signal detected by the frequency detection unit is the same as the preset pulse signal.
Optionally, the seed source comprises: a pumping unit and a resonant cavity;
The control module is electrically connected with the pumping unit and is used for emitting pumping light according to a pumping signal;
the resonant cavity comprises a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror, a focusing unit, an ytterbium-doped optical fiber, a wavelength division multiplexing unit and a chirped grating which are sequentially arranged along the output direction of the fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse;
The input end of the wavelength division multiplexing unit is connected with the output end of the pumping unit, the first end of the wavelength division multiplexing unit is connected with one end of the ytterbium-doped optical fiber through a polarization maintaining optical fiber, the other end of the ytterbium-doped optical fiber is connected with one side of the focusing unit through the polarization maintaining optical fiber, and the other side of the focusing unit is adjacent to the saturable absorber mirror; the second end of the wavelength division multiplexing unit is connected with one end of the chirped grating through the polarization maintaining optical fiber, and the other end of the chirped grating is used for outputting the fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a frequency modulation method of an ultrafast laser system with adjustable repetition frequency, applied to any one of the ultrafast laser systems with adjustable repetition frequency of the first aspect, comprising:
Acquiring a target period of a target pulse signal, a target pulse number in the target period, a limit modulation width of the acousto-optic modulation unit, parameters of the fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse and flight time of light between the acousto-optic modulation unit and the light reflection unit;
Determining the output time of the primary screening modulation signal according to the target period;
determining a primary screening pulse width of the primary screening modulation signal according to the target pulse number, the limit modulation width and the parameters of the fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse;
Determining the output time and the complex screening pulse width of the complex screening modulation signal according to the output time of the complex screening modulation signal, the number of the complex screening pulses screened by the complex screening modulation signal, the target number of the pulses and the limit modulation width;
and controlling the primary screening modulation signal according to the output time of the primary screening modulation signal and the primary screening pulse width, and controlling the secondary screening modulation signal according to the output time of the secondary screening modulation signal and the secondary screening pulse width, and alternately acting on the acousto-optic modulation unit to screen out the target pulse signal.
Optionally, the determining the primary screening pulse width of the primary screening modulation signal according to the target pulse number, the limit modulation width and the parameter of the fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse includes:
When the target pulse number is smaller than or equal to the primary screening pulse number obtained by modulating the fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse by the primary screening modulation signal with the limit modulation width, the primary screening pulse width is the limit modulation width;
When the target pulse number is larger than the primary screening pulse number obtained by modulating the fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse by the primary screening modulation signal with the limit modulation width, the primary screening pulse width is the product of the target pulse number and the period of the fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse, and the primary screening pulse width is smaller than or equal to the flight time.
Optionally, the determining the output time and the complex screening pulse width of the complex screening modulation signal according to the output time of the complex screening modulation signal, the number of the complex screening pulses screened by the complex screening modulation signal, the target number of the pulses and the limit modulation width includes:
When the target pulse number is smaller than or equal to the primary screening pulse number obtained by modulating the fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse by the primary screening modulation signal with the limit modulation width, outputting the complex screening modulation signal after outputting the primary screening modulation signal for a first duration each time; the first duration is the sum of the flight time and delay time, the delay time is the product of the pulse number difference value between the target pulse number and the primary screening pulse number and the period of the fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse, and the complex screening pulse width is the limit modulation width;
When the target pulse number is larger than the primary screening pulse number obtained by modulating the fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse by the primary screening modulation signal with the limit modulation width, outputting the complex screening modulation signal after outputting the flight time of the primary screening modulation signal each time; wherein the complex screening pulse width is the product of the target pulse number and the period of the fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse, and the complex screening pulse width is smaller than or equal to the flight time.
According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a control method of an ultrafast laser system with adjustable repetition frequency, applied to the ultrafast laser system with adjustable repetition frequency in the first aspect, including:
The acousto-optic modulation unit is controlled to be in an all-on state, and the alarm of the alarm is controlled according to whether an actual pulse signal detected by the frequency detection unit is the same as the fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse;
Controlling the acousto-optic modulation unit to be in a modulation state based on the frequency modulation method according to any one of the second aspect, and controlling the alarm of the alarm according to whether the target pulse signal detected by the frequency detection unit is identical to the demand pulse signal.
According to the technical scheme, the control module obtains the modulation signals for controlling the modulation acousto-optic modulation unit in the repetition frequency screening module by calculating the parameters of the target pulse number and the fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse, so that the acousto-optic modulation unit modulates the fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse based on the primary screening modulation signals to form a first pulse signal to the optical reflection unit, the optical reflection unit receives the first pulse signal and reflects the first pulse signal to form a second pulse signal to the acousto-optic modulation unit, and the acousto-optic modulation unit modulates the second pulse signal based on the complex screening modulation signals to form the target pulse signal.
It should be understood that the description in this section is not intended to identify key or critical features of the embodiments of the invention or to delineate the scope of the invention. Other features of the present invention will become apparent from the description that follows.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is apparent that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an ultrafast laser system with adjustable repetition rate according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a screening process of a heavy frequency screening module according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a frequency modulation method of an ultrafast laser system with adjustable repetition frequency according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a flowchart of a control method of an ultrafast laser system with adjustable repetition frequency according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the present invention, a technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in which it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any inventive effort, shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and the claims of the present invention and the above figures are used for distinguishing between similar objects and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used may be interchanged where appropriate such that the embodiments of the invention described herein may be implemented in sequences other than those illustrated or otherwise described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Example 1
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an ultrafast laser system with adjustable repetition frequency according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the embodiment is applicable to a case where a low-frequency acousto-optic modulator implements output control of a high-frequency seed cavity, as shown in fig. 1, the system includes: a seed source 1 for forming an ultrafast pulse at a fundamental frequency;
The repetition frequency screening module 2 comprises an acousto-optic modulation unit 21 and a light reflection unit 22 which are sequentially arranged along the path of the fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse output; the acousto-optic modulation unit 21 is used for modulating the fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse based on the primary screening modulation signal to form a first pulse signal to the light reflection unit 22, the light reflection unit 22 is used for receiving the first pulse signal and reflecting the first pulse signal to form a second pulse signal to the acousto-optic modulation unit 21, and the acousto-optic modulation unit 21 is used for modulating the second pulse signal based on the complex screening modulation signal to form a target pulse signal;
The control module 3 is connected with the acousto-optic modulation unit 21 and is used for determining the output time and the primary screening pulse width of the primary screening modulation signal and the output time and the secondary screening pulse width of the secondary screening modulation signal according to the target period of the target pulse signal, the target pulse number in the target period, the limit modulation width of the acousto-optic modulation unit 21, the parameters of the fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse and the flight time of light between the acousto-optic modulation unit 21 and the light reflection unit 22; and the output time of the primary screening modulation signal and the primary screening pulse width control primary screening modulation signal, and the output time of the secondary screening modulation signal and the secondary screening pulse width control secondary screening modulation signal are used for alternately acting on the acousto-optic modulation unit 21 to screen out target pulse signals;
when the target pulse number is smaller than or equal to the primary screening pulse number obtained by the primary screening modulation signal through ultra-fast pulse of the fundamental frequency modulated by the limit modulation width, the control module 3 is used for controlling the primary screening modulation signal to be output according to the target period, and controlling the complex screening modulation signal to be output after the first time length of the primary screening modulation signal is output each time; the first duration is the sum of flight time and delay time, the delay time is the product of the pulse number difference between the target pulse number and the primary screening pulse number and the period of the fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse, and the primary screening pulse width and the secondary screening pulse width are both limit modulation widths.
Specifically, the seed source 1 is used to form a fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse, where the seed source 1 refers to a device that provides an initial optical signal to a laser, and the acousto-optic modulation unit 21 may be a polarization independent acousto-optic modulator, which is a device that can control the power of a laser beam by using an electric driving signal.
The target pulse signal refers to a pulse signal required by a user, and the target period refers to a target pulse period, which is generally referred to as a Pulse Repetition Interval (PRI), and refers to a time interval between two consecutive pulses. The target number of pulses in the target period refers to the number of fundamental frequency pulses that occur per unit time of the periodic cyclic signal. The limit modulation width of the acousto-optic modulator is the minimum modulation width of the acousto-optic modulator. The time of flight of light between the acousto-optic modulation unit and the light reflection unit is determined by the length of the optical fiber between the acousto-optic modulation unit and the light reflection unit.
It can be understood that the seed source 1 forms a fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse, and the control module 3 controls the repetition frequency screening module 2 to screen out the target pulse signal. When the fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse passes through the acousto-optic modulation unit 21 in the repetition frequency screening module 2, the control module 3 outputs a primary screening modulation signal to form a first pulse signal, the first pulse signal passes through the light reflection unit 22 to form a second pulse signal, and when the first pulse signal passes through the acousto-optic modulation unit 21 again, the control module 3 outputs a complex screening modulation signal to form a target pulse signal.
The primary screening modulation signal and the complex screening modulation signal may be determined in advance according to a target period of the target pulse signal, a target pulse number in the target period, a limit modulation width of the acousto-optic modulation unit 21, a parameter of the fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse, and a flight time of light between the acousto-optic modulation unit 21 and the light reflection unit 22.
Illustratively, fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a screening process of the repetition frequency screening module. As shown in fig. 2, the target period T of the target pulse signal is 1000ns, the number of target pulses in the target period is 1, the rising edge/falling edge of the acousto-optic modulation unit 21 is 50ns, that is, the limit modulation width of the acousto-optic modulation unit 21 is 100ns, the light pulse flight time T determined by the optical fiber length between the acousto-optic modulation unit 21 and the light reflection unit 22 is 333ns, and the period of the fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse is 33.3ns, so that for the output time of the primary screening modulation signal, it can be determined based on the target period T of the target pulse signal is 1000ns, that is, every 1000ns, the primary screening modulation signal starts to be output. The preliminary screening pulse width of the preliminary screening modulated signal can then be determined by the period of the fundamental ultrafast pulses being 33.3ns and the limit modulation width of the acousto-optic modulation unit 21 being 100ns, and the number of target pulses within the target period being 1. Taking the limit modulation width of 100ns as an example, at this time, 3 fundamental frequency ultrafast pulses (the number of primary screening pulses) can be modulated, and the number of target pulses in the target period is 1, and then the primary screening pulse width of the primary screening modulation signal is minimum to be the limit modulation width of 100ns.
For the output time of the complex screening modulation signal, after the primary screening modulation signal is output, the optical pulse flight time t determined by the optical fiber length between the acousto-optic modulation unit 21 and the optical reflection unit 22 is 333ns, and further, the complex screening modulation signal should be output after the primary screening modulation signal 333 ns. Since the number of the target pulses only needs 1, the complex-sifting modulation signal can be output after 333ns delay for a certain time, so that only 1 pulse is sifted out finally. The complex screening pulse width of the complex screening modulation signal is the same as the primary screening pulse width of the primary screening modulation signal.
In fig. 2, the fundamental frequency is the fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse output by the seed source, and the period is 33.3ns; the undelayed modulated wave is a primary screening modulated signal and a complex screening modulated signal formed according to the target pulse period of 1000ns and the light pulse flight time t in the repetition frequency screening module of 333 ns; when the modulation wave is not delayed, the number of target pulses to be outputted is 3. The delay modulation wave is the primary screening modulation signal and the complex screening modulation signal formed according to the target pulse period of 1000ns and the light pulse flight time t in the repetition frequency screening module of 333ns, the target pulse number is 1, the output time of the complex screening modulation signal is delayed by two target pulse numbers relative to the output time of the complex screening modulation signal in the undelayed modulation wave, and then the repetition frequency screening module can screen out the pulse with the period of 1000ns and the pulse number of 1.
Therefore, when the target pulse number is smaller than or equal to the initial screening pulse number obtained by modulating the fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse by the initial screening modulation signal with the limit modulation width, the control module 3 alternately modulates the initial screening modulation signal and the complex screening modulation signal to finally screen out the target pulse number, and in the scheme, the aim of reducing the frequency of the high-frequency seed source can be fulfilled without replacing the higher-frequency acousto-optic modulation unit 21.
According to the technical scheme, the control module obtains the modulation signals for controlling the modulation acousto-optic modulation unit in the repetition frequency screening module by calculating the parameters of the target pulse number and the fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse, so that the acousto-optic modulation unit modulates the fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse based on the primary screening modulation signals to form a first pulse signal to the optical reflection unit, the optical reflection unit receives the first pulse signal and reflects the first pulse signal to form a second pulse signal to the acousto-optic modulation unit, and the acousto-optic modulation unit modulates the second pulse signal based on the complex screening modulation signals to form the target pulse signal.
Optionally, when the target pulse number is greater than the primary screening pulse number obtained by modulating the fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse with the limit modulation width by the primary screening modulation signal, the control module is used for controlling the primary screening modulation signal to output according to the target period, and controlling the complex screening modulation signal to output after the flight time of the primary screening modulation signal is output each time; the primary screening pulse width and the secondary screening pulse width are the products of the target pulse number and the period of the fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse, and are smaller than or equal to the flight time.
Specifically, when the target pulse number is greater than the number of primary screening pulses obtained by modulating the fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse with the limit modulation width by the primary screening modulation signal, the control module 3 may output the primary screening modulation signal based on the target pulse period, and then the output time of the complex screening modulation signal may be output after the flight time of the primary screening modulation signal, and the pulse widths of the two may be the same.
For example, if the number of the target pulses is 5, the primary screening pulse width of the primary screening modulation signal and the pulse width of the secondary screening modulation signal are both 5×33.3ns, and then when the fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse passes through the acousto-optic modulation unit for the first time, the control module 3 outputs the primary screening modulation signal, screens the first pulse signal with the number of 5 pulses with the pulse width of 5×33.3ns, and then when the first pulse signal forms the second pulse signal and passes through the acousto-optic modulation unit, the control module 3 outputs the secondary screening modulation signal, screens the target pulse signal with the number of 5 pulses with the pulse width of 5×33.3ns, and outputs the target pulse signal.
In other embodiments, the pitch between the acousto-optic modulation unit and the light reflection unit may be adjusted according to the fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse parameter of the seed source, the target pulse parameter, and the like, so as to adjust the parameter of the modulation signal, so as to finally obtain the target pulse.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 1, the repetition frequency screening module 2 includes a polarization beam splitting unit 23, where the polarization beam splitting unit 23 is located in an optical path between an output end of the seed source 1 and an input end of the acousto-optic modulation unit 21, and is configured to reflect the fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse to the acousto-optic modulation unit 21 and also transmit the target pulse signal modulated by the acousto-optic modulation unit 21;
the light reflecting unit 22 is a faraday rotator mirror, and the polarization directions of the first pulse signal and the second pulse signal are different.
Specifically, the polarization beam splitting unit 23 may be a polarization beam splitter, the polarization beam splitter 23 is an optical device that splits a certain beam of light into two linearly polarized light beams with orthogonal polarization directions of horizontal polarization and vertical polarization, and splits the linearly polarized light beams into two devices with different propagation directions, and the light reflecting unit 22 may be a faraday rotation mirror, which is a passive optical device that rotates the polarization state of the input light by using the faraday effect and outputs the rotated light.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse is incident to the acousto-optic modulation unit 21 through the polarization beam splitting unit 23, the first pulse signal is formed by modulating the fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse by the acousto-optic modulation unit 21 based on the primary screening modulation signal and is incident to the optical reflection unit 22, the first pulse signal is rotated by 90 ° by the optical reflection unit 22 and then is incident to the acousto-optic modulation unit 21, and the target pulse signal is formed by modulating the second pulse signal by the acousto-optic modulation unit 21 based on the complex screening modulation signal and is incident to the polarization beam splitting unit 23.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the polarization beam splitting unit is arranged, so that the mutual interference between the light path reflected to the acousto-optic modulator by the polarization beam splitting unit and the light path transmitted by the polarization beam splitting unit does not occur, and the signal transmission is more stable.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 1, the ultrafast laser system with adjustable repetition rate further includes: an optical isolation unit 4;
the optical isolation unit 4 is located on the optical path between the output end of the seed source 1 and the input end of the repetition frequency screening module 2, and is used for transmitting the fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse to the repetition frequency screening module 2 in a unidirectional manner.
Specifically, the optical isolation unit 4 may be an ISO isolator, and the fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse emitted by the seed source at the fundamental frequency is transmitted to the repetition frequency screening module 2 in one direction through the optical isolation unit 4.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the optical isolation unit is arranged, so that on one hand, the light path is reversible, the return of the light path incident to the polarization beam splitting unit is prevented, the stability of the system is influenced, and on the other hand, stray light can be effectively isolated, the stable transmission of signals can be ensured, and the overall performance and stability of the system are improved.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 1, the ultrafast laser system with adjustable repetition rate further includes: an optical coupling unit 5, a frequency detection unit 6, and an alarm (not shown in the figure);
The input end of the optical coupling unit 5 is connected with the output end of the repetition frequency screening module 2, the first output end of the optical coupling unit 5 is used for outputting a target pulse signal, and the second output end of the optical coupling unit 5 is connected with the frequency detection unit 6;
The control module 3 is connected with the frequency detection unit 6 and the alarm, and is used for controlling the alarm of the alarm according to whether the actual pulse signal detected by the frequency detection unit 6 is the same as the preset pulse signal.
In particular, the optical coupling unit 5 may be a coupler and the frequency detection unit 6 may be a frequency detection photodiode.
In the embodiment of the invention, the target pulse signal is transmitted to the optical coupling unit 5 through the polarization beam splitting unit 23, the optical coupling unit 5 divides the target pulse signal into two beams, one beam directly outputs the target pulse signal, and the other beam is input to the frequency detection unit 6, wherein the two beams of signals are identical.
After the frequency detecting unit 6 outputs the actual pulse signal corresponding to the target pulse signal, the control module 3 may compare the actual pulse signal with a preset pulse signal (a required target pulse signal) corresponding to the target pulse signal, that is, determine whether the currently output target pulse signal is consistent with the required target pulse signal, and if the actual pulse signal is inconsistent with the preset pulse signal, control the alarm to alarm.
In one embodiment, before the control module 3 modulates the fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse output by the seed source 1 and does not control the acousto-optic modulation unit 21, the frequency detection unit 6 may also detect whether the output actual pulse signal is consistent with the required fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse, and if not, may also control the alarm to alarm.
The alarm is arranged in the embodiment of the invention, so that a user can know the working condition of the system conveniently and effectively, and the safety of the system is improved.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 1, the seed source 1 includes: a pump unit 12 and a resonant cavity 11; the control module 3 is electrically connected with the pumping unit 12 and is used for emitting pumping light according to a pumping signal; the resonant cavity 11 comprises a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror 111, a focusing unit 112, an ytterbium-doped optical fiber 113, a wavelength division multiplexing unit 114 and a chirped grating 115 which are sequentially arranged along the output direction of the fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse; the input end of the wavelength division multiplexing unit 114 is connected with the output end of the pumping unit 12, the first end of the wavelength division multiplexing unit 114 is connected with one end of the ytterbium-doped optical fiber 113 through a polarization maintaining optical fiber, the other end of the ytterbium-doped optical fiber 113 is connected with one side of the focusing unit 112 through the polarization maintaining optical fiber, and the other side of the focusing unit 112 is adjacent to the saturable absorber mirror 111; the second end of the wavelength division multiplexing unit 114 is connected to one end of the chirped grating 115 through a polarization maintaining fiber, and the other end of the chirped grating 115 is used for outputting a fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse.
Specifically, the pump unit 12 may be a pump capable of generating pump light according to a pump signal of the control module, the semiconductor saturable absorber 111 may be a device composed of a saturable absorber and a reflecting mirror, and the focusing unit 112 may be a focusing mirror capable of processing a light beam emitted from an optical fiber into a desired spot size. Ytterbium doped fiber 113 is a special type of ytterbium doped fiber that has wide application in optical devices such as lasers. The optical fiber is characterized by high power amplification capability and good wavelength stability. The wavelength division multiplexing unit may be a wavelength division multiplexer, and may combine a series of optical signals carrying different information and having different wavelengths into one optical fiber for transmission. Chirped grating 115 is a special type of grating that is refractive index modulated on a single mode fiber. The modulation period of the grating changes according to a linear rule, so that light with different wavelengths can form reflection at different modulation periods, thereby realizing dispersion control of an optical signal. Polarization maintaining fiber is a special type of optical fiber that uses the birefringence effect to eliminate polarization state changes in the fiber. The optical fiber can maintain the polarization state of light in the optical fiber, so that stable transmission and control of optical signals are realized.
In the embodiment of the invention, the pump unit 12 is controlled by the control module 3 to output pump light to couple into the ytterbium-doped optical fiber 113 through the wavelength division multiplexing unit 114, the light generated by the ytterbium-doped optical fiber 113 is focused by the focusing unit 112 and is spatially input into the semiconductor saturable absorber mirror 111, part of the light is absorbed by the semiconductor saturable absorber mirror 111 and reflected, the reflected light is received by the focusing unit 112 to enter the ytterbium-doped optical fiber 113 for amplification, the wavelength division multiplexing unit 114 enters the chirped grating 115, the chirped grating 115 reflects part of the light and transmits part of the light according to the bandwidth, and the reflected light reciprocates in a resonant cavity formed by the semiconductor saturable absorber mirror 111, the focusing unit 112, the ytterbium-doped optical fiber 113, the wavelength division multiplexing unit 114 and the chirped grating 115 to finally form fundamental frequency ultrafast pulses.
Example two
An embodiment II of the present invention provides a frequency modulation method of an ultrafast laser system with an adjustable repetition frequency, which is applied to the ultrafast laser system with an adjustable repetition frequency in the foregoing embodiment, and FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a frequency modulation method of an ultrafast laser system with an adjustable repetition frequency provided in accordance with an embodiment II of the present invention, and referring to FIG. 3, the frequency modulation method includes:
S110, acquiring a target period of a target pulse signal, a target pulse number in the target period, a limit modulation width of an acousto-optic modulation unit, parameters of a fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse and flight time of light between the acousto-optic modulation unit and a light reflection unit.
Illustratively, fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a screening process of the repetition frequency screening module. As shown in fig. 2, the target period T of the target pulse signal is 1000ns, the number of target pulses in the target period is 1, the rising edge/falling edge of the acousto-optic modulation unit 21 is 50ns, that is, the limit modulation width of the acousto-optic modulation unit 21 is 100ns, the light pulse flight time T determined by the optical fiber length between the acousto-optic modulation unit 21 and the light reflection unit 22 is 333ns, and the period of the fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse is 33.3ns.
S120, determining the output time of the primary screening modulation signal according to the target period.
Then, for the output timing of the preliminary screening modulation signal, it may be determined based on the target period T of the target pulse signal being 1000ns, that is, every 1000ns, the preliminary screening modulation signal starts to be output.
S130, determining the primary screening pulse width of the primary screening modulation signal according to the target pulse number, the limit modulation width and the parameters of the fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse.
The preliminary screening pulse width of the preliminary screening modulated signal can then be determined by the period of the fundamental ultrafast pulses being 33.3ns and the limit modulation width of the acousto-optic modulation unit 21 being 100ns, and the number of target pulses within the target period being 1. Taking the limit modulation width of 100ns as an example, at this time, 3 fundamental frequency ultrafast pulses (the number of primary screening pulses) can be modulated, and the number of target pulses in the target period is 1, and then the primary screening pulse width of the primary screening modulation signal is minimum to be the limit modulation width of 100ns.
And S140, determining the output time of the complex screening modulation signal and the complex screening pulse width according to the output time of the complex screening modulation signal, the number of the complex screening pulses screened by the complex screening modulation signal, the target number of the pulses and the limit modulation width.
For the output time of the complex screening modulation signal, after the primary screening modulation signal is output, the optical pulse flight time t determined by the optical fiber length between the acousto-optic modulation unit 21 and the optical reflection unit 22 is 333ns, and further, the complex screening modulation signal should be output after the primary screening modulation signal 333 ns. Since the number of the target pulses only needs 1, the complex-sifting modulation signal can be output after 333ns delay for a certain time, so that only 1 pulse is sifted out finally. The complex screening pulse width of the complex screening modulation signal is the same as the primary screening pulse width of the primary screening modulation signal.
S150, the primary screening modulation signal is controlled by the output time of the primary screening modulation signal and the primary screening pulse width, and the target pulse signal is screened out by alternately acting on the acousto-optic modulation unit by the output time of the secondary screening modulation signal and the secondary screening pulse width control secondary screening modulation signal.
Therefore, the control module 3 alternately modulates the primary screening modulation signal and the complex screening modulation signal to finally screen out the target pulse number, and in the scheme, the aim of reducing the frequency of the high-frequency seed source can be achieved without replacing the higher-frequency acousto-optic modulation unit 21.
Optionally, determining the primary screening pulse width of the primary screening modulation signal according to the parameters of the target pulse number, the limit modulation width and the fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse comprises:
When the target pulse number is smaller than or equal to the primary screening pulse number obtained by modulating the fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse with the primary screening modulation signal by the limit modulation width, the primary screening pulse width is the limit modulation width.
Determining the output time and the complex screening pulse width of the complex screening modulation signal according to the output time of the complex screening modulation signal, the number of the complex screening pulses screened by the complex screening modulation signal, the target number of the pulses and the limit modulation width comprises:
When the target pulse number is smaller than or equal to the primary screening pulse number obtained by modulating the fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse by the primary screening modulation signal by the limit modulation width, outputting the complex screening modulation signal after outputting the first duration of the primary screening modulation signal each time; the first duration is the sum of flight time and delay time, the delay time is the product of the pulse number difference between the target pulse number and the primary screening pulse number and the period of the fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse, and the complex screening pulse width is the limit modulation width.
By way of example, with continued reference to fig. 2, for example, the delay modulated wave, the target pulse may be obtained by controlling both the primary screening pulse width of the primary screening modulated signal and the complex screening pulse width of the complex screening modulated signal to be the limit modulated pulse width of the acousto-optic modulation unit, and delaying the output time of the complex screening modulated signal by a corresponding delay time.
Optionally, determining the primary screening pulse width of the primary screening modulation signal according to the parameters of the target pulse number, the limit modulation width and the fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse comprises:
When the target pulse number is larger than the primary screening pulse number obtained by modulating the fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse by the primary screening modulation signal by the limit modulation width, the primary screening pulse width is the product of the target pulse number and the period of the fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse, and the primary screening pulse width is smaller than or equal to the flight time.
Optionally, determining the output time of the complex screening modulation signal and the complex screening pulse width according to the output time of the complex screening modulation signal, the number of the preliminary screening pulses screened by the complex screening modulation signal, the target number of pulses and the limit modulation width includes:
when the target pulse number is larger than the primary screening pulse number obtained by modulating the fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse by the primary screening modulation signal in a limit modulation width mode, outputting a complex screening modulation signal after outputting the flight time of the primary screening modulation signal each time; the complex screening pulse width is the product of the target pulse number and the period of the fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse, and is smaller than or equal to the flight time.
By way of example, with continued reference to fig. 2, such as undelayed modulated waves, the target pulse may be obtained by controlling both the primary screening pulse width of the primary screening modulated signal and the secondary screening pulse width of the secondary screening modulated signal to be the limit modulated pulse width of the acousto-optic modulation unit, and controlling the time between the output instant of the secondary screening modulated signal and the output instant of the primary screening modulated signal to be the time of flight.
Example III
Fig. 4 is a flowchart of a control method of an ultrafast laser system with adjustable repetition frequency, and referring to fig. 4, a control method of an ultrafast laser system with adjustable repetition frequency is applied to the ultrafast laser system with adjustable repetition frequency, and includes:
The acousto-optic modulation unit 21 is controlled to be in an all-on state, and the alarm of the alarm is controlled according to whether the actual pulse signal detected by the frequency detection unit 6 is the same as the fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse;
The acousto-optic modulation unit is controlled to be in a modulation state based on the frequency modulation method according to any one of the above, and the alarm is controlled to give an alarm according to whether the target pulse signal detected by the frequency detection unit 6 is the same as the demand pulse signal.
After the seed is electrified, the pumping unit 12 starts to work according to the preset current, the acousto-optic modulation unit 21 is in an all-on state, at the moment, the control module 3 acquires an optical signal result detected by the frequency detection unit 6 (photodiode) through a circuit, and if the frequency of the seed is inconsistent with the cavity length decision frequency at the moment, the operation is warned and ended; if the output requirements are consistent, the control module 3 acquires the output requirements required by the user and synchronizes the electric signals detected by the frequency detection unit 6 (photodiode); after synchronization, the original fixed quantity is queried according to the requirement, the windowing time, the frequency and the delay time of the acousto-optic modulator are respectively determined, a corresponding control signal is generated to control the acousto-optic modulation unit 21, then the acousto-optic modulation unit 21 starts to select a fundamental frequency signal and outputs the fundamental frequency signal to the frequency detection unit 6 (photodiode), the detection signal is compared with a user input requirement signal according to the frequency detection unit 6 (photodiode), if the detection signal is consistent, the operation is normal, and if the detection signal is inconsistent, the alarm is given.
It should be appreciated that various forms of the flows shown above may be used to reorder, add, or delete steps. For example, the steps described in the present invention may be performed in parallel, sequentially, or in a different order, so long as the desired results of the technical solution of the present invention are achieved, and the present invention is not limited herein.
The above embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations and alternatives are possible, depending on design requirements and other factors. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An ultrafast laser system with adjustable repetition rate, comprising:
A seed source for forming an ultrafast pulse at a fundamental frequency;
The repetition frequency screening module comprises an acousto-optic modulation unit and an optical reflection unit which are sequentially arranged along the path of the fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse output; the acousto-optic modulation unit is used for modulating the fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse based on a primary screening modulation signal to form a first pulse signal to the light reflection unit, the light reflection unit is used for receiving the first pulse signal and reflecting the first pulse signal to form a second pulse signal to the acousto-optic modulation unit, and the acousto-optic modulation unit is used for modulating the second pulse signal based on a complex screening modulation signal to form a target pulse signal;
The control module is connected with the acousto-optic modulation unit and used for determining the output time and the primary screening pulse width of the primary screening modulation signal and the output time and the complex screening pulse width of the complex screening modulation signal according to the target period of the target pulse signal, the target pulse number in the target period, the limit modulation width of the acousto-optic modulation unit, the parameters of the fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse and the flight time of light between the acousto-optic modulation unit and the light reflection unit; the primary screening modulation signal is controlled according to the output time of the primary screening modulation signal and the primary screening pulse width, and the secondary screening modulation signal is controlled according to the output time of the secondary screening modulation signal and the secondary screening pulse width, so that the target pulse signal is screened out by alternately acting on the acousto-optic modulation unit;
When the target pulse number is smaller than or equal to the primary screening pulse number obtained by modulating the fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse by the primary screening modulation signal with the limit modulation width, the control module is used for controlling the primary screening modulation signal to be output according to the target period, and controlling the complex screening modulation signal to be output after a first duration of outputting the primary screening modulation signal each time; the first duration is the sum of the flight time and delay time, the delay time is the product of the pulse number difference value between the target pulse number and the primary screening pulse number and the period of the fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse, and the primary screening pulse width and the secondary screening pulse width are both the limit modulation width.
2. The adjustable repetition rate ultrafast laser system of claim 1, wherein the control module is configured to control the output of the primary screening modulation signal according to the target period and control the output of the complex screening modulation signal after each time of flight of the primary screening modulation signal is output when the target pulse number is greater than a primary screening pulse number obtained by modulating the fundamental frequency ultrafast pulses by the primary screening modulation signal by the limit modulation width; the primary screening pulse width and the secondary screening pulse width are the products of the target pulse number and the period of the fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse, and are smaller than or equal to the flight time.
3. The repetition rate adjustable ultrafast laser system of claim 1, wherein the repetition rate screening module comprises a polarization beam splitting unit, which is located in an optical path between an output end of the seed source and an input end of the acousto-optic modulation unit, and is used for reflecting the fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse to the acousto-optic modulation unit and transmitting the target pulse signal modulated by the acousto-optic modulation unit;
The light reflecting unit is a Faraday rotary reflecting mirror, and the polarization directions of the first pulse signal and the second pulse signal are different.
4. The repetition rate tunable ultrafast laser system of claim 1 or 2, further comprising: an optical isolation unit;
The optical isolation unit is positioned on an optical path between the output end of the seed source and the input end of the repetition frequency screening module and is used for transmitting the fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse to the repetition frequency screening module in a unidirectional manner.
5. The repetition rate tunable ultrafast laser system of claim 1 or 2, further comprising: the device comprises an optical coupling unit, a frequency detection unit and an alarm;
The input end of the optical coupling unit is connected with the output end of the repeated frequency screening module, the first output end of the optical coupling unit is used for outputting the target pulse signal, and the second output end of the optical coupling unit is connected with the frequency detection unit;
the control module is connected with the frequency detection unit and the alarm and is used for controlling the alarm of the alarm according to whether the actual pulse signal detected by the frequency detection unit is the same as the preset pulse signal.
6. The repetition rate tunable ultrafast laser system of claim 1 or 2, wherein the seed source comprises: a pumping unit and a resonant cavity;
The control module is electrically connected with the pumping unit and is used for emitting pumping light according to a pumping signal;
the resonant cavity comprises a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror, a focusing unit, an ytterbium-doped optical fiber, a wavelength division multiplexing unit and a chirped grating which are sequentially arranged along the output direction of the fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse;
The input end of the wavelength division multiplexing unit is connected with the output end of the pumping unit, the first end of the wavelength division multiplexing unit is connected with one end of the ytterbium-doped optical fiber through a polarization maintaining optical fiber, the other end of the ytterbium-doped optical fiber is connected with one side of the focusing unit through the polarization maintaining optical fiber, and the other side of the focusing unit is adjacent to the saturable absorber mirror; the second end of the wavelength division multiplexing unit is connected with one end of the chirped grating through the polarization maintaining optical fiber, and the other end of the chirped grating is used for outputting the fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse.
7. A frequency modulation method of an ultrafast laser system with adjustable repetition frequency, applied to the ultrafast laser system with adjustable repetition frequency as recited in any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising:
Acquiring a target period of a target pulse signal, a target pulse number in the target period, a limit modulation width of the acousto-optic modulation unit, parameters of the fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse and flight time of light between the acousto-optic modulation unit and the light reflection unit;
Determining the output time of the primary screening modulation signal according to the target period;
determining a primary screening pulse width of the primary screening modulation signal according to the target pulse number, the limit modulation width and the parameters of the fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse;
Determining the output time and the complex screening pulse width of the complex screening modulation signal according to the output time of the complex screening modulation signal, the number of the complex screening pulses screened by the complex screening modulation signal, the target number of the pulses and the limit modulation width;
and controlling the primary screening modulation signal according to the output time of the primary screening modulation signal and the primary screening pulse width, and controlling the secondary screening modulation signal according to the output time of the secondary screening modulation signal and the secondary screening pulse width, and alternately acting on the acousto-optic modulation unit to screen out the target pulse signal.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein determining the primary screening pulse width of the primary screening modulated signal based on the target pulse number, the limit modulation width, and the parameters of the fundamental ultra-fast pulse comprises:
When the target pulse number is smaller than or equal to the primary screening pulse number obtained by modulating the fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse by the primary screening modulation signal with the limit modulation width, the primary screening pulse width is the limit modulation width;
When the target pulse number is larger than the primary screening pulse number obtained by modulating the fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse by the primary screening modulation signal with the limit modulation width, the primary screening pulse width is the product of the target pulse number and the period of the fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse, and the primary screening pulse width is smaller than or equal to the flight time.
9. The frequency modulation method of the ultrafast laser system with adjustable repetition frequency as recited in claim 7, wherein determining the output time and the complex screening pulse width of the complex screening modulation signal according to the output time of the complex screening modulation signal, the number of the complex screening pulses screened by the complex screening modulation signal, the target number of the pulses and the limit modulation width comprises:
When the target pulse number is smaller than or equal to the primary screening pulse number obtained by modulating the fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse by the primary screening modulation signal with the limit modulation width, outputting the complex screening modulation signal after outputting the primary screening modulation signal for a first duration each time; the first duration is the sum of the flight time and delay time, the delay time is the product of the pulse number difference value between the target pulse number and the primary screening pulse number and the period of the fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse, and the complex screening pulse width is the limit modulation width;
When the target pulse number is larger than the primary screening pulse number obtained by modulating the fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse by the primary screening modulation signal with the limit modulation width, outputting the complex screening modulation signal after outputting the flight time of the primary screening modulation signal each time; wherein the complex screening pulse width is the product of the target pulse number and the period of the fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse, and the complex screening pulse width is smaller than or equal to the flight time.
10. A method for controlling an ultrafast laser system with adjustable repetition rate, applied to the ultrafast laser system with adjustable repetition rate of claim 5, comprising:
The acousto-optic modulation unit is controlled to be in an all-on state, and the alarm of the alarm is controlled according to whether an actual pulse signal detected by the frequency detection unit is the same as the fundamental frequency ultrafast pulse;
The method for controlling the acousto-optic modulation unit to be in a modulation state based on the frequency modulation method according to any one of claims 7 to 9, and controlling the alarm of the alarm according to whether the target pulse signal detected by the frequency detection unit is identical to the demand pulse signal.
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