CN117955336A - Power converter, power conversion method, charging chip and charger - Google Patents
Power converter, power conversion method, charging chip and charger Download PDFInfo
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- CN117955336A CN117955336A CN202410354019.XA CN202410354019A CN117955336A CN 117955336 A CN117955336 A CN 117955336A CN 202410354019 A CN202410354019 A CN 202410354019A CN 117955336 A CN117955336 A CN 117955336A
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 166
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 144
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims description 110
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 16
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013256 coordination polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/06—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider
- H02M3/07—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider using capacitors charged and discharged alternately by semiconductor devices with control electrode, e.g. charge pumps
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a power converter, a power conversion method, a charging chip and a charger, and relates to the technical field of electronic circuits. The voltage input end of the power converter is connected with the voltage output end through a charging path of at least two stages of charge-discharge control units which are connected in series; the positive voltage end of each stage of charging path is connected with one end of a first discharging path of the current stage of charging and discharging control unit, and the other end of the positive voltage end of each stage of charging path is connected with one end of the first discharging path of the next stage of charging and discharging control unit; the negative voltage end of each stage of charging path is connected with one end of a second discharging path of the current stage of charging and discharging control unit, and the other end of the negative voltage end of each stage of charging path is connected with one end of a second discharging path in the next stage of charging and discharging control unit; the other end of the first discharging path of the last stage charging and discharging control unit is connected with a voltage output end, the other end of the second discharging path of the last stage charging and discharging control unit is grounded, and the voltage output end is grounded through an output capacitor. The invention can realize battery charging through the power converter with simple and compact structure.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of electronic circuits, and in particular, to a power converter, a power conversion method, a charging chip, and a charger.
Background
With the continuous advancement of electronic technology, various portable electronic devices are becoming popular, and the portable devices can use rechargeable battery cells to store electric energy.
The battery charger is used for recovering the energy of the battery, and the power conversion topology structure suitable for charging the battery can be various, so that how to design a power converter with simple and compact structure for charging the battery is a technical problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to solve the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art and to provide a power converter, a power conversion method, a charging chip and a charger for charging a battery by means of a power converter having a simple and compact structure.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
in a first aspect, the present invention provides a power converter comprising: the device comprises a voltage input end, at least two stages of charge and discharge control units, a voltage output end and an output capacitor;
the voltage input end is connected with the voltage output end through a charging path in the at least two-stage charging and discharging control units which are sequentially connected in series;
the positive voltage end of the charging path of each stage of charging and discharging control unit is connected with one end of the first discharging path of the current stage of charging and discharging control unit, and the other end of the first discharging path of the current stage of charging and discharging control unit is connected with one end of the first discharging path of the next stage of charging and discharging control unit;
The negative voltage end of the charging path of each stage of charging and discharging control unit is connected with one end of the second discharging path of the current stage of charging and discharging control unit, and the other end of the second discharging path of the current stage of charging and discharging control unit is connected with one end of the second discharging path of the next stage of charging and discharging control unit;
The other end of the first discharging path of the last stage charging and discharging control unit is connected with the voltage output end, the other end of the second discharging path of the last stage charging and discharging control unit is grounded, and the voltage output end is grounded through the output capacitor.
Optionally, the charging path of each stage of the charge-discharge control unit includes: the energy storage capacitor and the first switching tube;
The upper polar plate of the energy storage capacitor is used as a positive voltage end of the charging path, the lower polar plate of the energy storage capacitor is connected with the source electrode of the first switching tube and used as a negative voltage end of the charging path, and the drain electrode of the first switching tube is connected with the charging path of the next stage charging and discharging control unit.
Optionally, the first discharging path of each stage of the charge-discharge control unit includes: a second switching tube;
The drain electrode of the second switching tube is used as one end of the first discharging path, and the source electrode of the second switching tube is used as the other end of the first discharging path.
Optionally, the second discharging path of each stage of the charge-discharge control unit includes: a third switching tube;
The drain electrode of the third switching tube is used as one end of the second discharging path, and the source electrode of the third switching tube is used as the other end of the second discharging path.
Optionally, the power converter further includes: a first switching unit;
the first switch unit is connected between the voltage input end and the first stage charge-discharge control unit.
Optionally, the power converter further includes: a second switching unit;
The second switch unit is connected between the first discharge path of the last stage charge-discharge control unit and the voltage output end.
Optionally, the second switching tube of the charge-discharge control unit of the last stage includes two diodes, a cathode of one diode is connected with a drain electrode of the second switching tube, a cathode of the other diode is connected with a source electrode of the second switching tube, and anodes of the two diodes are connected with a substrate of the second switching tube.
In a second aspect, the present invention also provides a power conversion method applied to the power converter according to any one of the first aspects, the method comprising:
controlling the conduction of a charging path of at least two stages of charging and discharging control units in the power converter, and charging through the charging path;
and controlling the first discharge path and the second discharge path of the at least two-stage charge-discharge control unit to be conducted, and discharging through the first discharge path and the second discharge path.
In a third aspect, the present invention also provides a charging chip comprising a power converter according to any one of the first aspects.
In a fourth aspect, the present invention also provides a charger, which includes the charging chip according to the third aspect, where the charging chip is used to connect to a preset rechargeable battery and is used to charge the preset rechargeable battery.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
According to the power converter, the power conversion method, the charging chip and the charger, the charging paths in the at least two stages of charging and discharging control units are connected with the output capacitor in series, the output capacitor is charged when the charging paths are conducted, the charges stored in the charging paths are transferred to the output capacitor through the parallel connection between the first discharging paths and the second discharging paths in the at least two stages of charging and discharging control units and the output capacitor, and the battery is charged through the output capacitor.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and other related drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a power converter according to an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a power conversion method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of a power converter according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a power converter according to an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of a power converter according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of 3: 1a schematic circuit diagram of a power converter;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of fig. 4: 1a schematic circuit diagram of a power converter.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention, as presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Furthermore, the terms first, second and the like in the description and in the claims and in the above-described figures, are used for distinguishing between similar objects and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used may be interchanged where appropriate such that the embodiments of the invention described herein may be implemented in sequences other than those illustrated or otherwise described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
It should be noted that the features of the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other without conflict.
Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a power converter according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 1, the power converter may include: the voltage input terminal PMID, the at least two-stage charge-discharge control unit 10, the voltage output terminal VOUT, and the output capacitance Cout.
The voltage input end PMID is connected with the voltage output end VOUT through a charging path 11 in at least two stages of charge-discharge control units 10 which are sequentially connected in series; the positive voltage end of the charging path 11 of each stage of charging and discharging control unit 10 is connected with one end of the first discharging path 12 of the current stage of charging and discharging control unit 10, and the other end of the first discharging path 12 of the current stage of charging and discharging control unit 10 is connected with one end of the first discharging path 12 in the next stage of charging and discharging control unit 10; the negative voltage end of the charging path 11 of each stage of charging and discharging control unit 10 is connected with one end of the second discharging path 13 of the current stage of charging and discharging control unit 10, and the other end of the second discharging path 13 of the current stage of charging and discharging control unit 10 is connected with one end of the second discharging path 13 in the next stage of charging and discharging control unit 10; the other end of the first discharging path 12 of the last stage of the charge-discharge control unit 10 is connected to the voltage output terminal VOUT, and the other end of the second discharging path 13 of the last stage of the charge-discharge control unit 10 is grounded to GND, and the voltage output terminal VOUT is grounded through the output capacitor Cout.
In combination with the power converter shown in fig. 1, the embodiment of the present invention further provides a power conversion method applied to the power converter, and fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of the power conversion method provided by the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, the method may include:
S101: the charging paths of at least two stages of charging and discharging control units in the power converter are controlled to be conducted, and charging is conducted through the charging paths.
S102: the first discharge path and the second discharge path of the at least two-stage charge-discharge control unit are controlled to be conducted, and discharge is performed through the first discharge path and the second discharge path.
In this embodiment, the power converter includes at least two stages of charge-discharge control units 10, each stage of charge-discharge control unit 10 includes a charge path 11, a first discharge path 12 and a second discharge path 13, wherein the charge paths 11 are sequentially connected in series between the voltage input terminal PMID and the voltage output terminal VOUT, and when the charge paths 11 in all the charge-discharge control units 10 are turned on, the charge paths 11 and the output capacitor Cout store charges.
The first discharging path 12 of each stage of the charge-discharge control unit 10 is connected in parallel between the positive voltage end of the charging path 11 of the current stage of the charge-discharge control unit 10 and the positive voltage end of the charging path 11 of the next stage of the charge-discharge control unit 10, the second discharging path 13 of each stage of the charge-discharge control unit 10 is connected in parallel between the negative voltage end of the charging path 11 of the current stage of the charge-discharge control unit 10 and the negative voltage end of the charging path 11 of the next stage of the charge-discharge control unit 10, the first discharging path 12 of the last stage of the charge-discharge control unit 10 is connected in parallel between the positive voltage end of the charging path 11 of the current stage of the charge-discharge control unit 10 and the positive voltage end of the output capacitor Cout, and the second discharging path 13 of the last stage of the charge-discharge control unit 10 is connected in parallel between the negative voltage end of the charging path 11 of the current stage of the charge-discharge control unit 10 and the negative voltage end of the output capacitor Cout.
When the charging path 11 is turned off, after the first discharging path 12 and the second discharging path 13 are turned on, each stage of charging/discharging control unit 10 forms a discharging loop from the positive voltage end of the charging path 11 of the present stage of charging/discharging control unit 10, the first discharging path 12 of the present stage of charging/discharging control unit 10, the first discharging paths 12 of all charging/discharging control units 10 after the present stage of charging/discharging control unit 10, the output capacitor Cout, the second discharging path 13 of all charging/discharging control units 10 after the present stage of charging/discharging control unit 10, the second discharging path 13 of the present stage of charging/discharging control unit 10, and the negative voltage end of the charging path 11 of the present stage of charging/discharging control unit 10, and during discharging, the charge stored in the charging path 11 of each stage of charging/discharging control unit 10 is transferred to the output capacitor Cout, and the load connected to the voltage output end VOUT is continuously discharged through the output capacitor Cout.
In some possible implementations, the number of stages of the charge-discharge control unit is related to the input-output power conversion ratio of the power converter, specifically, if the input-output power conversion ratio of the power converter is N: and 1, the number of stages of the charge and discharge control unit is N-1.
In some embodiments, components on the charging path, the first discharging path and the second discharging path may be set according to actual needs, so long as the components can realize charge storage when the charging path is turned on, and charge transfer when the first discharging path and the second discharging path are turned on.
According to the power converter and the power conversion method provided by the embodiment, the charging paths in the at least two stages of charging and discharging control units are connected with the output capacitor in series, the output capacitor is charged when the charging paths are conducted, the charges stored in the charging paths are transferred to the output capacitor through the parallel connection between the first discharging paths and the second discharging paths in the at least two stages of charging and discharging control units and the output capacitor, and the battery is charged through the output capacitor.
In one possible implementation manner, fig. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of a power converter according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, a charging path 11 of each stage of charge-discharge control unit may include: a storage capacitor CFn and a first switching tube Q1n.
The upper polar plate of the energy storage capacitor CFn is used as the positive voltage end of the charging path 11, the lower polar plate of the energy storage capacitor CFn is connected with the source electrode of the first switching tube Q1n and is used as the negative voltage end of the charging path 11, and the drain electrode of the first switching tube Q1n is connected with the charging path 11 of the next-stage charging and discharging control unit.
In this embodiment, the gate of the first switching tube Q1n is used as the control end of the charging path 11, and the on-off of the first switching tube Q1n is controlled according to the control signal, so as to control the on-off of the charging path 11, where the energy storage capacitor CFn and the output capacitor Cout in the charging path 11 of each stage of the charging/discharging control unit are connected in series between the voltage input end PMID and the ground GND, and the energy storage capacitor CFn and the output capacitor Cout store charges when the first switching tube Q1n in the charging path 11 of each stage of the charging/discharging control unit is on.
In one possible implementation, as shown in fig. 3, the first discharge path 12 of each stage of the charge-discharge control unit may include: and a second switching tube Q2n.
In this embodiment, the gate of the second switching tube Q2n is used as the control end of the first discharging path 12, and the on and off of the second switching tube Q2n is controlled according to the control signal, so as to control the on and off of the first discharging path 12, the drain of the second switching tube Q2n is connected to the upper plate of the energy storage capacitor CFn of the current stage charge-discharge control unit, and the source of the second switching tube Q2n is connected to the upper plate of the energy storage capacitor CFn of the next stage charge-discharge control unit.
In one possible implementation, as shown in fig. 3, the second discharge path 13 of each stage of the charge and discharge control unit may include: and a third switching tube Q3n.
The drain of the third switching tube Q3n serves as one end of the second discharge path 13, and the source of the third switching tube Q3n serves as the other end of the second discharge path 13.
In this embodiment, the gate of the third switching tube Q3n is used as the control end of the second discharging path 13, and the on and off of the third switching tube Q3n is controlled according to the control signal, so as to control the on and off of the second discharging path 13, the drain of the third switching tube Q3n is connected to the lower plate of the energy storage capacitor CFn of the current stage charging and discharging control unit, and the source of the third switching tube Q3n is connected to the lower plate of the energy storage capacitor CFn of the next stage charging and discharging control unit.
According to the control signal, the first switching tube Q1n is turned off, the second switching tube Q2n and the third switching tube Q3n are controlled to be turned on, the charging path 11 is turned off, the first discharging path 12 and the second discharging path 13 are turned on, in this case, the energy storage capacitor CFn and the output capacitor Cout in each stage of charge-discharge control unit are connected in parallel, the charge on the energy storage capacitor CFn in each stage of charge-discharge control unit is converted into the output capacitor Cout, and the output capacitor Cout continuously discharges the load connected to the voltage output terminal Vout.
In some embodiments, the first switching tube Q1n, the second switching tube Q2n and the third switching tube Q3n may be controlled by square wave signals having preset duty ratios, respectively, when the first switching tube Q1n is turned on, the second switching tube Q2n and the third switching tube Q3n are turned off, and when the first switching tube Q1n is turned off, the second switching tube Q2n and the third switching tube Q3n are turned on.
In some embodiments, the second switching tube Q2n and the third switching tube Q3n may employ low voltage devices based on the power converter as shown in fig. 3.
Specifically, if the input-output power conversion ratio of the power converter is N: the number of stages of the charge-discharge control unit is N-1, when N-1 first switch transistors Q1N are turned on, N-1 energy storage capacitors CFn and output capacitors Cout are connected in series, at this time, the voltage of the voltage input end PMID is approximately equal to the voltage of the voltage output end VOUT by N times, in this case, the voltage of the upper plate CP1 of the first stage energy storage capacitor CF1 is n×vout, the voltage of the lower plate CN1 of the first stage energy storage capacitor CF1 is (N-1) ×vout, the voltage of the upper plate CP2 of the second stage energy storage capacitor CF2 is (N-1) ×vout, the voltage of the lower plate CN2 of the second stage energy storage capacitor CF2 is (N-2) ×vout, and so on, the voltage of the upper plate CP (N-1) of the last stage energy storage capacitor CF (N-1) is 2×vout, and the voltage of the lower plate CN (N-1) of the last stage energy storage capacitor CF (N-1) is VOUT.
Under the condition that the first switching tube Q1n is turned on, the voltage to be born by the drain and source electrodes of the second switching tube Q2n is the voltage difference between the upper electrode plate of the energy storage capacitor CFn in the current stage charge-discharge control unit and the upper electrode plate of the energy storage capacitor CF (n+1) in the next stage charge-discharge control unit, that is, the drain and source voltage difference Vds of all the second switching tube Q2n is VOUT, so that the second switching tube Q2n only needs to adopt a device with VOUT withstand voltage.
Similarly, when the first switching tube Q1n is turned on, the voltage to be born by the drain and source electrodes of the third switching tube Q3n is the voltage difference between the lower electrode plate of the energy storage capacitor CFn in the current stage charge-discharge control unit and the lower electrode plate of the energy storage capacitor CF (n+1) in the next stage charge-discharge control unit, that is, the drain-source voltage difference Vds of all the third switching tubes Q3n is VOUT, so that the third switching tube Q3n only needs to use a device with VOUT withstand voltage.
According to the power converter provided by the embodiment, the energy storage capacitor and the first switching tube form a charging path, the second switching tube forms a first discharging path, and the third switching tube forms a third discharging path, so that under the condition that power conversion is realized into battery charging, the second switching tube and the third switching tube only need to adopt low-voltage-resistant switching devices, the voltage-resistant requirement of the power converter on the switching devices is reduced, and the cost of the power converter is reduced.
In a possible implementation manner, fig. 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of a power converter according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 4, the power converter may further include a first switching unit Qr1; the first switching unit Qr1 is connected between the voltage input terminal PMID and the first stage charge-discharge control unit.
In this embodiment, in order to avoid that the input voltage directly charges the energy storage capacitor CF1 in the first stage charge-discharge control unit to possibly cause damage to the energy storage capacitor CF1, a first switch unit Qr1 is added between the voltage input end PMID and the energy storage capacitor CF1 to protect the energy storage capacitor CF1.
The first switching unit Qr1 and the first switching tube Q1n are turned on or off at the same time to ensure the on or off of the charging path.
In one possible implementation, as shown in fig. 4, the power converter may further include: a second switching unit Qr2; the second switching unit Qr2 is connected between the first discharging path of the last stage charge-discharge control unit and the voltage output terminal VOUT.
In this embodiment, a second switching unit Qr2 is disposed between the first discharging path of the charge-discharge control unit of the last stage and the voltage output terminal VOUT, the directions of the body diode of the second switching unit Qr2 and the body diode of the second switching tube Q2n are opposite, the discharging of the power converter can be controlled by the second switching unit Qr2, and when the second switching unit Qr2, the second switching tube Q2n, and the third switching tube Q3n are all turned on, the discharging loop is turned on, and when the discharging loop needs to be turned off, the second switching unit Qr2 can be individually controlled to be turned off.
In another possible implementation manner, fig. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of a power converter according to the embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 5, the second switching tube of the charge-discharge control unit of the last stage may include two diodes, where a cathode of one diode is connected to a drain of the second switching tube, a cathode of the other diode is connected to a source of the second switching tube, and anodes of the two diodes are connected to a substrate of the second switching tube.
In this embodiment, the second switching tube Q2n in the final stage of charge-discharge control unit includes a substrate selection switch bulk switch formed by two diodes, where anodes of the two diodes are connected to the substrate of the second switching tube Q2n, and when the power converter works normally, the second switching tube Q2n is connected to the output end through a diode connected to the source, and when the discharge loop needs to be turned off, the second switching tube Q2n is connected to the CPn through a diode connected to the drain.
In one possible implementation, as shown in fig. 4, the power converter may further include: an input capacitor Cin; the input capacitor Cin is connected between the voltage input PMID and ground GND.
In the present embodiment, the input capacitor Cin is connected between the voltage input terminal PMID and the ground GND, so that ripple in the input voltage can be reduced.
Likewise, the output capacitance Cout can also reduce ripple in the output voltage.
Based on the power converter provided by the foregoing embodiments, the working principle of the power converter is described in detail below with reference to two specific implementations.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of 3: 1a schematic circuit diagram of a power converter, as shown in fig. 6, the power converter may include: the first-stage charge-discharge control unit comprises an energy storage capacitor CF1, a switching tube Q11, a switching tube Q21 and a switching tube Q31, and the second-stage charge-discharge control unit comprises an energy storage capacitor CF2, a switching tube Q12, a switching tube Q22 and a switching tube Q32.
The first switch unit Qr1 is connected with an upper polar plate CP1 of the energy storage capacitor CF1, a lower polar plate CN1 of the energy storage capacitor CF1 is connected with a source electrode of the switch tube Q11, a drain electrode of the switch tube Q11 is connected with an upper polar plate CP2 of the energy storage capacitor CF2, a drain electrode of the switch tube Q21 is connected with the upper polar plate CP1 of the energy storage capacitor CF1, a source electrode of the switch tube Q21 is connected with an upper polar plate CP2 of the energy storage capacitor CF2, a drain electrode of the switch tube Q31 is connected with a lower polar plate CN1 of the energy storage capacitor CF1, and a source electrode of the switch tube Q31 is connected with a lower polar plate CN2 of the energy storage capacitor CF 2.
The lower polar plate of the energy storage capacitor CF2 is connected with the source electrode of the switch tube Q12, the drain electrode of the switch tube Q12 is connected with the voltage output end VOUT and the upper polar plate of the output capacitor COUT, the drain electrode of the switch tube Q22 is connected with the upper polar plate CP2 of the energy storage capacitor CF2, the source electrode of the switch tube Q22 is connected with the voltage output end VOUT, the drain electrode of the switch tube Q32 is connected with the lower polar plate CN2 of the energy storage capacitor CF2, and the source electrode of the switch tube Q32 is grounded GND.
The gates of the switching tube Q11, the switching tube Q21, the switching tube Q31, the switching tube Q12, the switching tube Q22 and the switching tube Q32 are used for receiving control signals.
When the first switching unit Qr1, the switching tube Q11 and the switching tube Q12 are turned on, the energy storage capacitor CF1, the energy storage capacitor CF2 and the output capacitor Cout are connected in series between the voltage input end PMID and the ground GND for storing charges, when the first switching unit Qr1, the switching tube Q11 and the switching tube Q12 are turned off, the switching tube Q21, the switching tube Q31, the switching tube Q22 and the switching tube Q32 are turned on, the energy storage capacitor CF1, the energy storage capacitor CF2 and the output capacitor Cout are connected in parallel, a discharging loop from an upper electrode plate of the energy storage capacitor CF1 to a lower electrode plate of the energy storage capacitor CF1 through the switching tube Q21, the switching tube Q22, the output capacitor Cout and the switching tube Q31 is formed, and a discharging loop from an upper electrode plate of the energy storage capacitor CF2 to a lower electrode plate of the energy storage capacitor CF2 through the switching tube Q22, the output capacitor Cout and the switching tube Q32 is formed, the charges on the energy storage capacitor CF1 and the energy storage capacitor CF2 are transferred to the output capacitor Cout, voltages on the three capacitors are approximately equal, and the output capacitor Cout is continuously discharged on a load on the voltage output end.
When the first switching unit Qr1, the switching tube Q11, and the switching tube Q12 are turned on, the energy storage capacitor CF1, the energy storage capacitor CF2, and the output capacitor Cout are connected in series, and at this time, the PMID voltage is approximately equal to the VOUT voltage of 3 times, in this case, the voltage of the upper plate CP1 of the energy storage capacitor CF1 is 3×vout, the voltage of the lower plate CN1 of the energy storage capacitor CF1 is 2×vout, the voltage of the upper plate CP2 of the energy storage capacitor CF2 is 2×vout, and the voltage of the lower plate CN2 of the energy storage capacitor CF2 is VOUT.
Under the condition that the switching tube Q21, the switching tube Q31, the switching tube Q22 and the switching tube Q32 are turned off, the Vds differential pressure of the switching tube Q21 is the differential pressure VOUT of the upper electrode plate CP1 of the energy storage capacitor CF1 and the upper electrode plate CP2 of the energy storage capacitor CF2, the Vds differential pressure of the switching tube Q31 is the differential pressure VOU of the lower electrode plate CN1 of the energy storage capacitor CF1 and the lower electrode plate CN2 of the energy storage capacitor CF2, the Vds differential pressure of the switching tube Q22 is the differential pressure VOUT of the upper electrode plate CP2 of the energy storage capacitor CF2 and the upper electrode plate of the output capacitor Cout, and the Vds differential pressure of the switching tube Q32 is the differential pressure VOUT of the lower electrode plate CN2 of the energy storage capacitor CF2 and the ground GND, namely, the switching tube Q21, the switching tube Q31, the switching tube Q22 and the switching tube Q32 all need to bear only one time of voltage VOUT.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of fig. 4: 1a schematic circuit diagram of a power converter, as shown in fig. 7, the power converter may include: the first-stage charge-discharge control unit comprises an energy storage capacitor CF1, a switching tube Q11, a switching tube Q21 and a switching tube Q31, the second-stage charge-discharge control unit comprises an energy storage capacitor CF2, a switching tube Q12, a switching tube Q22 and a switching tube Q32, and the third-stage charge-discharge control unit comprises an energy storage capacitor CF3, a switching tube Q13, a switching tube Q23 and a switching tube Q33.
The first switch unit Qr1 is connected with an upper polar plate CP1 of the energy storage capacitor CF1, a lower polar plate CN1 of the energy storage capacitor CF1 is connected with a source electrode of the switch tube Q11, a drain electrode of the switch tube Q11 is connected with an upper polar plate CP2 of the energy storage capacitor CF2, a drain electrode of the switch tube Q21 is connected with the upper polar plate CP1 of the energy storage capacitor CF1, a source electrode of the switch tube Q21 is connected with an upper polar plate CP2 of the energy storage capacitor CF2, a drain electrode of the switch tube Q31 is connected with a lower polar plate CN1 of the energy storage capacitor CF1, and a source electrode of the switch tube Q31 is connected with a lower polar plate CN2 of the energy storage capacitor CF 2.
The lower polar plate of the energy storage capacitor CF2 is connected with the source electrode of the switch tube Q12, the drain electrode of the switch tube Q12 is connected with the upper polar plate CP3 of the energy storage capacitor CF3, the drain electrode of the switch tube Q22 is connected with the upper polar plate CP2 of the energy storage capacitor CF2, the source electrode of the switch tube Q22 is connected with the upper polar plate CP3 of the energy storage capacitor CF3, the drain electrode of the switch tube Q32 is connected with the lower polar plate CN2 of the energy storage capacitor CF2, and the source electrode of the switch tube Q32 is connected with the lower polar plate CN3 of the energy storage capacitor CF 3.
The lower polar plate of the energy storage capacitor CF3 is connected with the source electrode of the switch tube Q13, the drain electrode of the switch tube Q13 is connected with the voltage output end VOUT and the upper polar plate of the output capacitor COUT, the drain electrode of the switch tube Q23 is connected with the upper polar plate CP3 of the energy storage capacitor CF3, the source electrode of the switch tube Q23 is connected with the voltage output end VOUT, the drain electrode of the switch tube Q33 is connected with the lower polar plate CN3 of the energy storage capacitor CF3, and the source electrode of the switch tube Q33 is grounded GND.
The gates of the switching tube Q11, the switching tube Q21, the switching tube Q31, the switching tube Q12, the switching tube Q22, the switching tube Q32, the switching tube Q13, the switching tube Q23 and the switching tube Q33 are used for receiving the control signals.
When the first switch unit Qr1, the switch tube Q11, the switch tube Q12 and the switch tube Q13 are turned on, the energy storage capacitor CF1, the energy storage capacitor CF2, the energy storage capacitor CF3 and the output capacitor Cout are connected in series between the voltage input terminal PMID and the ground GND for storing charges, when the first switch unit Qr1, the switch tube Q11, the switch tube Q12 and the switch tube Q13 are turned off, the switch tube Q21, the switch tube Q31, the switch tube Q22, the switch tube Q32, the switch tube Q23 and the switch tube Q33 are turned on, the energy storage capacitor CF1, the energy storage capacitor CF2, the energy storage capacitor CF3 and the output capacitor Cout are connected in parallel, a discharging loop is formed from an upper electrode plate of the energy storage capacitor CF1 to a lower electrode plate of the energy storage capacitor CF1 through the switch tube Q21, the switch tube Q22, the switch tube Q23, the output capacitor Cout, the switch tube Q33, the switch tube Q32, the switch tube Q31, the upper electrode plate of the switch tube Q2, the output capacitor CF2, the upper electrode plate of the switch capacitor CF3, the upper electrode plate of the capacitor CF3 and the output capacitor CF3 are connected in a continuous manner, and the voltage of the electric charge is continuously discharged from the upper electrode plate of the energy storage capacitor CF1 to the upper electrode plate of the switch capacitor CF2 through the switch tube Q3 to the upper electrode of the upper electrode plate of the switch tube capacitor CF3, and the upper electrode of the capacitor Cout is continuously discharged from the upper electrode capacitor CF 3.
When the first switching unit Qr1, the switching tube Q11, the switching tube Q12, and the switching tube Q13 are turned on, the energy storage capacitor CF1, the energy storage capacitor CF2, the energy storage capacitor CF3, and the output capacitor Cout are connected in series, at this time, the PMID voltage is approximately equal to the VOUT voltage of 4 times, in this case, the voltage of the upper plate CP1 of the energy storage capacitor CF1 is 4×vout, the voltage of the lower plate CN1 of the energy storage capacitor CF1 is 3×vout, the voltage of the upper plate CP2 of the energy storage capacitor CF2 is 3×vout, the voltage of the lower plate CN2 of the energy storage capacitor CF2 is 2×vout, the voltage of the upper plate CP3 of the energy storage capacitor CF3 is 2×vout, and the voltage of the lower plate CN3 of the energy storage capacitor CF3 is VOUT.
Under the condition that the switch tube Q21, the switch tube Q31, the switch tube Q22, the switch tube Q32, the switch tube Q23 and the switch tube Q33 are turned off, the Vds differential pressure of the switch tube Q21 is the differential pressure VOUT of the upper polar plate CP1 of the energy storage capacitor CF1 and the upper polar plate CP2 of the energy storage capacitor CF2, the Vds differential pressure of the switch tube Q31 is the differential pressure VOU of the lower polar plate CN1 of the energy storage capacitor CF1 and the lower polar plate CN2 of the energy storage capacitor CF2, the Vds differential pressure of the switch tube Q22 is the differential pressure VOUT of the upper polar plate CP2 of the energy storage capacitor CF2 and the upper polar plate CP3 of the energy storage capacitor CF3, the Vds differential pressure of the switch tube Q32 is the differential pressure VOUT of the upper polar plate CP3 of the energy storage capacitor CF3 and the upper polar plate CP2 of the output capacitor Cout, namely the switch tube Q31, the switch tube Q22, the switch tube Q23 and the switch tube Q33 need to bear the voltage of one time.
It can be seen that no matter what the input-output power conversion ratio of the power converter is, the switching tubes on the first discharging path and the second discharging path only need to bear voltage of one time VOUT, i.e. the switching tubes on the first discharging path and the second discharging path can use low-voltage devices to realize power conversion.
Based on the power converter provided by the above embodiment, the embodiment of the present invention further provides a charging chip, which may include the power converter provided by the above embodiment.
Based on the charging chip provided by the embodiment, the embodiment of the invention also provides a charger, and the charger can comprise the charging chip provided by the embodiment, wherein the charging chip is used for being connected with a preset rechargeable battery and used for charging the preset rechargeable battery.
When the charging voltage of the preset rechargeable battery is 5V, the second switching tube and the third switching tube in the first discharging path and the second discharging path can realize power conversion only by adopting a device with 5V withstand voltage.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions can be easily made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention, and the present invention is intended to be covered by the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the invention is subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A power converter, the power converter comprising: the device comprises a voltage input end, at least two stages of charge and discharge control units, a voltage output end and an output capacitor;
the voltage input end is connected with the voltage output end through a charging path in the at least two-stage charging and discharging control units which are sequentially connected in series;
the positive voltage end of the charging path of each stage of charging and discharging control unit is connected with one end of the first discharging path of the current stage of charging and discharging control unit, and the other end of the first discharging path of the current stage of charging and discharging control unit is connected with one end of the first discharging path of the next stage of charging and discharging control unit;
The negative voltage end of the charging path of each stage of charging and discharging control unit is connected with one end of the second discharging path of the current stage of charging and discharging control unit, and the other end of the second discharging path of the current stage of charging and discharging control unit is connected with one end of the second discharging path of the next stage of charging and discharging control unit;
The other end of the first discharging path of the last stage charging and discharging control unit is connected with the voltage output end, the other end of the second discharging path of the last stage charging and discharging control unit is grounded, and the voltage output end is grounded through the output capacitor.
2. The power converter according to claim 1, wherein the charging path of the charge-discharge control unit of each stage includes: the energy storage capacitor and the first switching tube;
The upper polar plate of the energy storage capacitor is used as a positive voltage end of the charging path, the lower polar plate of the energy storage capacitor is connected with the source electrode of the first switching tube and used as a negative voltage end of the charging path, and the drain electrode of the first switching tube is connected with the charging path of the next stage charging and discharging control unit.
3. The power converter of claim 1, wherein the first discharge path of each stage of charge-discharge control unit comprises: a second switching tube;
The drain electrode of the second switching tube is used as one end of the first discharging path, and the source electrode of the second switching tube is used as the other end of the first discharging path.
4. The power converter of claim 1, wherein the second discharge path of each stage of charge-discharge control unit comprises: a third switching tube;
The drain electrode of the third switching tube is used as one end of the second discharging path, and the source electrode of the third switching tube is used as the other end of the second discharging path.
5. The power converter of claim 1, further comprising: a first switching unit;
the first switch unit is connected between the voltage input end and the first stage charge-discharge control unit.
6. The power converter of claim 1, further comprising: a second switching unit;
The second switch unit is connected between the first discharge path of the last stage charge-discharge control unit and the voltage output end.
7. A power converter according to claim 3, wherein the second switching tube of the last stage charge-discharge control unit comprises two diodes, the cathode of one diode being connected to the drain of the second switching tube, the cathode of the other diode being connected to the source of the second switching tube, the anodes of the two diodes being connected to the substrate of the second switching tube.
8. A power conversion method applied to the power converter according to any one of claims 1 to 7, the method comprising:
controlling the conduction of a charging path of at least two stages of charging and discharging control units in the power converter, and charging through the charging path;
and controlling the first discharge path and the second discharge path of the at least two-stage charge-discharge control unit to be conducted, and discharging through the first discharge path and the second discharge path.
9. A charging chip, characterized in that the charging chip comprises a power converter according to any of claims 1-7.
10. A charger comprising a charging chip according to claim 9, said charging chip being adapted to be connected to a predetermined rechargeable battery for charging said predetermined rechargeable battery.
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| CN202410354019.XA CN117955336A (en) | 2024-03-27 | 2024-03-27 | Power converter, power conversion method, charging chip and charger |
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| CN202410354019.XA CN117955336A (en) | 2024-03-27 | 2024-03-27 | Power converter, power conversion method, charging chip and charger |
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