CN111049203A - Charge and discharge management circuit and chargeable electronic equipment - Google Patents
Charge and discharge management circuit and chargeable electronic equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN111049203A CN111049203A CN201811184209.2A CN201811184209A CN111049203A CN 111049203 A CN111049203 A CN 111049203A CN 201811184209 A CN201811184209 A CN 201811184209A CN 111049203 A CN111049203 A CN 111049203A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0068—Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a charging and discharging management circuit and a rechargeable electronic device, wherein the rechargeable electronic device comprises a battery component, a system load and the charging and discharging management circuit, and the charging and discharging management circuit comprises: the external interface is used for connecting an external power supply, and the external power supply is used for supplying energy to a system load; the bidirectional energy transfer circuit is connected among the external interface, the battery assembly and the system load end; and the control module is connected with the bidirectional energy transfer circuit to select the working mode of the bidirectional energy transfer circuit, wherein in the first working mode, the bidirectional energy transfer circuit provides a boosting power supply path from the battery assembly to the system load, in the second working mode, the bidirectional energy transfer circuit provides a feedback charging path from the system load to the battery assembly, and in the third working mode, the bidirectional energy transfer circuit is switched off to disconnect the system load from the battery assembly, so that the low-voltage power supply capacity of the battery assembly is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electronic circuits, in particular to a charging and discharging management circuit and a rechargeable electronic device.
Background
Current portable electronic products, such as smart phones, computers, or power banks, employ a charging/discharging management circuit that can be charged/discharged. When the input power supply exists, the charging and discharging management circuit provides power for a load system on one hand and charges a battery on the other hand; when the input power source fails or is not present, the load system is powered by the battery.
The battery charge and discharge management circuit generally includes a bi-directional energy transfer circuit for providing a power supply path and a control module for controlling the charge and discharge process. The existing charge and discharge management circuit works in a voltage reduction mode when charging a battery, and works in a voltage boosting mode when the battery is reversely charged.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic structure of a conventional charge and discharge management circuit, and as shown in fig. 1, the charge and discharge management circuit 100 includes an input protection circuit 120, a control module 140, a power conversion circuit 150, and switch circuits 160 and 170. The input protection circuit 120, the power conversion circuit 150, and the switch circuit 170 are connected between an external interface a (for connecting an external power source or an external load) and the battery assembly 110, and an intermediate node between the power conversion circuit 150 and the switch circuit 170 is connected to a system load. The switch circuit 160 is connected between the external interface a and the battery assembly 110. When external interface a is connected to an external power source, system load and battery assembly 110 are powered by the external power source. Specifically, the switch circuit 160 provides the input voltage Vin to a first charging path I2 of the battery assembly 110, the switch circuit 150 and the switch circuit 170 are used to provide the input voltage Vin to a second charging path I3 of the battery assembly 110, and the switch circuit 150 provides the input voltage Vin to a first power supply path I1 of the system load. When external interface a is connected to an external load, the external load and the internal load system are powered by battery assembly 110. Specifically, the switching circuit 170 provides a second power supply path I4 of the battery assembly 110 to the system load, while the battery assembly 110 is boosted in reverse via the power conversion circuit 150 to supply power to the external load.
The prior charge and discharge management circuit has the following problems: in the circuit, a booster circuit is not arranged between the battery assembly and the system load, so that the battery assembly cannot normally supply power to the system load when the battery voltage is too low; meanwhile, since the battery pack is directly connected to the system load, when the battery voltage is too low, the system load cannot be started normally due to the clamping effect of the battery voltage on the system load.
In addition, since the circuit operates in a step-down mode when the battery pack is charged and operates in a step-up mode when the battery pack is reversely discharged, the battery voltage must be lower than the voltage of the external power supply during charging and must also be lower than the voltage of the external load during discharging, and therefore the circuit can only operate in a high-voltage circuit, and it is necessary to improve the high-voltage resistance of the circuit, which increases the circuit cost.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a charging and discharging management circuit and a rechargeable electronic device, which can improve the low-voltage power supply capability of a battery pack.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a charge and discharge management circuit connected to a battery pack and a system load, wherein the charge and discharge management circuit includes: the external interface is used for connecting an external power supply, and the external power supply supplies power to the system load; a bidirectional energy transfer circuit connected between the external interface, the battery assembly and the system load terminal; and a control module coupled to the bi-directional energy transfer circuit to select an operating mode of the bi-directional energy transfer circuit, wherein in a first operating mode, the bi-directional energy transfer circuit provides a boost power supply path from the battery assembly to the system load, in a second operating mode, the bi-directional energy transfer circuit provides a feedback charging path from the system load to the battery assembly, and in a third operating mode, the bi-directional energy transfer circuit is turned off to disconnect the system load from the battery assembly.
Preferably, when the external power source is abnormal, the bidirectional energy transfer circuit operates in the first operating mode, and when the external power source is normal, the bidirectional energy transfer circuit operates in the second operating mode.
Preferably, when the charge amount of the battery assembly reaches a preset value, the bidirectional energy transfer circuit operates in the third operating mode.
Preferably, the bidirectional energy transfer circuit comprises: a first switching circuit including a first terminal connected to the external interface and a second terminal connected to the system load; and a power conversion circuit including a first terminal connected to the first switching circuit and the system load intermediate node and a second terminal connected to the positive electrode of the battery pack, wherein the first switching circuit is configured to be turned on when the external power supply is normal and turned off when the external power supply is abnormal.
Preferably, the power conversion circuit operates in a step-down mode when the voltage of the system load is greater than the voltage of the battery pack, operates in a step-up mode when the voltage of the system load is less than the voltage of the battery pack, and operates in a bypass mode when the voltage of the system load is equal to the voltage of the battery pack.
Preferably, the charge and discharge management circuit further includes: when the charge amount of the battery pack reaches the preset value, the power conversion circuit works in an open-circuit mode.
Preferably, the charge and discharge management circuit further includes a second switch circuit connected between the first switch circuit and the battery pack, and configured to provide a low-voltage power supply path from the external power source to the battery pack when the external power source is normal.
Preferably, the first switching circuit includes: the first transistor is connected with the external interface through a first path end, connected with the system load through a second path end, and connected with the control module through a control end; and the first end of the input resistor is connected to the first pass end of the first transistor, and the second end of the input resistor is connected to the control end of the first transistor, wherein the control module is used for controlling the on and off of the first transistor.
Preferably, the second switching circuit includes: and a first pass end of the second transistor is connected to the second end of the first switch circuit, a second pass end of the second transistor is connected to the anode of the battery component, and a control end of the second transistor is connected to the control module, wherein the control module is used for controlling the second transistor to be switched on and off.
Preferably, the power conversion circuit includes: the third transistor and the energy storage inductor are connected between the first end and the second end of the power conversion circuit in series, and the control end of the third transistor is connected to the control module; and a fourth transistor, a first path end of which is connected to the intermediate node between the third transistor and the energy storage inductor, a second path end of which is grounded, a control end of which is connected to the control module, and the control module is used for controlling the third transistor and the fourth transistor to be alternately switched on and off.
Preferably, when the power conversion circuit operates in a buck mode, the third transistor functions as a power switch, the fourth transistor functions as a rectifier switch, when the power conversion circuit operates in a boost mode, the third transistor functions as a rectifier switch, and the fourth transistor functions as a power switch, and when the power conversion circuit operates in a bypass mode, the third transistor is always on and the fourth transistor is always off.
Preferably, the bidirectional energy transfer circuit further comprises an input protection circuit, wherein the input protection circuit comprises: a fifth transistor, wherein a first path end is connected to the second end of the first switch circuit, a second path end is grounded, and a control end is connected to the control module; and a sixth transistor, wherein the first path end is connected to the first path end of the fifth transistor, the second path end is connected to the system load, and the control end is connected to the control module.
Preferably, the fifth transistor is configured to be turned on when a large current is present at the external interface.
Preferably, the bidirectional energy transfer circuit further comprises a voltage reduction circuit, wherein the voltage reduction circuit comprises: a seventh switching tube and a second energy storage inductor which are connected in series between the first switching circuit and the system load, wherein a control end of the seventh transistor is connected to the control module; and the first path end of the eighth transistor is connected to the middle node of the seventh transistor and the second energy storage inductor, the second path end of the eighth transistor is grounded, and the control end of the eighth transistor is connected to the control module.
Preferably, the bidirectional energy transfer circuit further comprises: the first end of the first capacitor is connected to the system load, and the second end of the first capacitor is grounded; and a second capacitor, the first end of which is connected to the positive electrode of the battery component and the second end of which is grounded.
Preferably, the charge and discharge management circuit further includes a bidirectional energy transfer circuit, where the bidirectional energy transfer circuit provides a power supply path from the battery pack to an external load when the external interface is used for connecting the external load.
According to another aspect of the invention there is provided a rechargeable electronic device, comprising: a battery assembly; a system load; and the charge and discharge management circuit.
The charge and discharge management circuit comprises an external interface for connecting an external power supply, wherein the external power supply supplies energy to the system load; the bidirectional energy transfer circuit is connected among the external interface, the battery assembly and the system load end; and a control module connected with the bidirectional energy transfer circuit to select an operation mode of the bidirectional energy transfer circuit, wherein in a first operation mode, the bidirectional energy transfer circuit provides a boosting power supply path from the battery assembly to the system load, in a second operation mode, the bidirectional energy transfer circuit provides a feedback charging path from the system load to the battery assembly, and in a third operation mode, the bidirectional energy transfer circuit is turned off to disconnect the system load from the battery assembly, so that the low-voltage power supply capacity of the battery assembly is increased without increasing the number of circuit elements.
In a preferred embodiment, the charge and discharge management circuit of the present invention is further configured to turn off the first charging path or the second charging path after the battery assembly is fully charged, so as to separate the battery assembly from the system, thereby protecting the battery assembly from long-term high voltage bias affecting the battery life.
In a preferred embodiment, the charge and discharge management circuit of the present invention further includes a reverse blocking transistor and an input resistor at the external interface, for maintaining a high impedance state when a reverse voltage occurs in the charge and discharge management circuit, and clamping a reverse current at a very low level, for protecting an internal circuit or an external power supply of the charge and discharge management circuit; meanwhile, the input resistor is used for pulling down the control end potential of the reverse blocking transistor when the input voltage is negative voltage, so that the transistor is turned off, and the negative voltage protection capability of the charge and discharge management circuit is improved.
In a preferred embodiment, the charge and discharge management circuit further includes an input protection circuit and a voltage reduction circuit on the first power supply path, so that the capacity of the charge and discharge management circuit suitable for the high-voltage circuit is improved.
In a preferred embodiment, the charge and discharge management circuit of the present invention is suitable for low voltage circuits, so that it is not necessary to improve the high voltage endurance of each device, the circuit cost can be reduced, and the cost of the rechargeable device using the charge and discharge management circuit can be reduced.
Drawings
The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description of the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 illustrates a schematic configuration of a charge and discharge management circuit according to the related art;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a structure of a charge and discharge management circuit according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a first operation mode of the charge and discharge management circuit according to the first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a second operation mode of the charge and discharge management circuit according to the first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 shows a schematic diagram of a third operation mode of the charge and discharge management circuit according to the first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 shows a schematic diagram of a fourth operation mode of the charge and discharge management circuit according to the first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram showing a structure of a charge and discharge management circuit according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 shows a schematic configuration diagram of a charge and discharge management circuit according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Like elements in the various figures are denoted by like reference numerals. For purposes of clarity, the various features in the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. Moreover, certain well-known elements may not be shown in the figures.
In the following description, numerous specific details of the invention, such as structure, materials, dimensions, processing techniques and techniques of components, are set forth in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the invention. However, as will be understood by those skilled in the art, the present invention may be practiced without these specific details.
It should be understood that in the following description, a "circuit" refers to a conductive loop formed by at least one element or sub-circuit through an electrical or electromagnetic connection. When an element or circuit is referred to as being "connected to" another element or element/circuit is referred to as being "connected between" two nodes, it may be directly coupled or connected to the other element or intervening elements may be present, and the connection between the elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being "directly coupled" or "directly connected" to another element, it is intended that there are no intervening elements present.
In the present application, the term "battery assembly" may be a single battery or a battery pack formed by connecting a plurality of batteries in series. In the case of a battery pack formed of a plurality of cells, the negative electrode of the previous cell is connected to the positive electrode of the next cell in the battery assembly. The positive pole of the battery pack refers to the positive pole of the first battery in the battery pack, and the negative pole of the battery pack refers to the negative pole of the last battery in the battery pack.
It should be understood that in the following description, a power switch refers to a switching device in a converter that causes an energy storage element (e.g., an inductor) to start storing energy when the power switch is turned on, and a current flowing through the energy storage element rises. Correspondingly, a rectifier switch refers to a switching device that starts to discharge electric energy from an energy storage element (e.g., an inductor) in the converter when the switching device is actively turned on, and the current flowing through the energy storage element starts to decrease.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a charge and discharge management circuit according to a first embodiment of the present invention, which is used for connecting a system load and a battery assembly 210 to supply power to the system load and the battery assembly 210.
As shown in fig. 2, the charging and discharging management circuit 200 includes an external interface a, a bidirectional energy transfer circuit, and a control module 240. The external interface a is used for connecting an external power supply or an external load, such as a USB interface, and has output transmission and charging functions. The bi-directional energy transfer circuit is used to connect the external interface a, the battery assembly 110, and the system load. The control module 240 is coupled to the bi-directional energy transfer circuit to select an operating mode of the bi-directional energy transfer circuit.
The bi-directional energy transfer circuit includes a power conversion circuit 220, a switching circuit 260, and a switching circuit 270.
The switching circuit 260 includes a first terminal connected to the external interface a and a second terminal connected to a system load. When the external interface a is connected to an external power source, the switch circuit 260 is used to provide a power supply path I21 from the external power source to a system load, wherein the power supply path I21 is located between the first terminal and the second terminal of the switch circuit 260.
The power conversion circuit 220 includes a first terminal connected to the second terminal of the switching circuit 260 and an intermediate node of the system load and a second terminal connected to the positive electrode of the battery assembly 210. The power conversion circuit 220 is used to provide a charging path I12 for a system load to the battery assembly 210 when the external interface a is connected to an external power source. The power conversion circuit 220 is further configured to provide a power supply path I22 from the positive electrode of the battery assembly 210 to the system load when the external interface a is not connected to the external power source, wherein the power supply path I22 is located between the first terminal and the second terminal of the power conversion circuit 220.
The switch circuit 270 includes a first terminal connected to the switch circuit 260 and a second terminal connectable to the positive electrode of the battery assembly 210, and the switch circuit 270 is configured to provide a charging path I11 from the external power source to the battery assembly 210 when the external interface a is connected to the external power source.
The switching circuit 260 includes a transistor Q1 and a resistor R1. The transistor Q1 has a first path terminal connected to the external interface a, a second path terminal connected to the system load, and a control terminal connected to the control module 240. Transistor Q1 is used to turn on and off under the control of control module 240.
In one embodiment, when the external power supply is normal, transistor Q1 is on; when the external power supply is abnormal, the transistor Q1 is turned off. In addition, when the input voltage Vin is reduced to zero due to power loss, etc., so that the output voltage Vout of the charge/discharge management circuit 200 is higher than the input voltage Vin, an inverse voltage is generated in the charge/discharge management circuit 200, and an inverse current formed by the inverse voltage may damage an internal circuit of the system or an external power source. Therefore, the switching circuit 260 maintains a high impedance state when a reverse voltage occurs in the charge and discharge management circuit 200, and clamps a reverse current at a very low level for protecting an internal circuit of the charge and discharge management circuit 200 or an external power source. Specifically, the transistor Q1 is a reverse blocking transistor for maintaining a high impedance state when the voltage at the first path terminal is lower than the voltage at the second path terminal, and clamping the reverse current at a very low level. The resistor R1 is used to pull the control terminal of the transistor Q1 low when the input voltage Vin is a negative voltage, so that the transistor Q1 is turned off, thereby improving the negative voltage protection capability of the charge and discharge management circuit 200.
The switch circuit 270 includes a transistor Q2, a first path terminal of the transistor Q2 is connected to a second path terminal of the transistor Q1, the second path terminal is connected to the anode of the battery assembly 210, a control terminal is connected to the control module 240, and the control module 240 is configured to control the transistor Q2 to be turned on and off.
The power conversion circuit 220 includes a transistor Q3, a transistor Q4, and an energy storage inductor L1. The transistor Q3 and the energy storage inductor L1 are connected between the first terminal and the second terminal of the power conversion circuit 220, and the control terminal of the transistor Q3 is connected to the control module 240. The transistor Q4 has a first path terminal connected to the middle node of the transistor Q3, a second path terminal connected to ground, and a control terminal connected to the control module 240. The transistor Q3 and the transistor Q4 are configured to turn on and off under the control of the control module 240, and the on and off states of the transistor Q3 and the transistor Q4 are complementary.
Preferably, the power conversion circuit 220 in this embodiment operates in one of a boost mode, a buck mode, a bypass mode, and an open mode depending on the mode of the bi-directional energy transfer circuit.
When the power conversion circuit 220 operates in the buck mode, the transistor Q3 acts as a power switch and the transistor Q4 acts as a rectifier switch; when the power conversion circuit 220 operates in the boost mode, the transistor Q3 acts as a rectifier switch and the transistor Q4 acts as a power switch; when the power conversion circuit 220 operates in the bypass mode, the transistor Q3 remains on, and the transistor Q4 remains off; when the power conversion circuit 220 operates in the open mode, the transistor Q3 remains off and the transistor Q4 remains on.
In the present invention, the power switch of the power conversion circuit 220 refers to a switch that intermittently switches on the charge and discharge management circuit 200 to control power flowing into the energy storage inductor so that the energy storage inductor stores or releases energy. The rectifier switch refers to a switch that is intermittently turned on in the charge and discharge management circuit 200 so that the energy stored in the energy storage element can flow to the load.
In the present embodiment, the transistors Q1-Q4 may be any controllable semiconductor switching device, such as a Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET), an Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT), or the like.
Various operation modes of the switch circuit will be described in detail in the following embodiments.
The charge and discharge management circuit 200 further includes a capacitor C1 and a capacitor C2, wherein a first terminal of the capacitor C1 is connected to the output terminal of the charge and discharge management circuit 200, and a second terminal is grounded. The capacitor C1 is used to smooth the output voltage Vout. The first end of the capacitor C2 is connected to the second end of the energy storage inductor L1, and the second end is grounded.
Fig. 3-6 show schematic diagrams of various modes of operation of the charge and discharge management circuit according to the present invention. The following embodiments are merely supplementary descriptions of the operation principle of the charge and discharge management circuit of the present invention, and do not limit the structure and application of the charge and discharge management circuit.
For convenience of explanation, the current paths of the charge and discharge management circuit in the various operation modes are illustrated by dashed lines with arrows.
In addition, for convenience of explanation, in the following various operation modes of the charge and discharge management circuit, only a module or a device that remains on or operates is shown, and a module or a device that is off or does not operate is not shown.
When the external interface a is connected to an external power source, the charge and discharge management circuit 200 converts the input voltage Vin to supply power to the system load and the battery assembly 210, as shown in fig. 3 to 5.
When the input voltage Vin is close to the battery voltage Vbat, the control module 240 turns on the transistors Q1 and Q2, turns off the transistors Q3 and Q4, and the input voltage Vin charges the battery assembly 210 at a low voltage via the charging path I11, as shown in fig. 3. While the input voltage Vin powers the system load via the supply path I21. When the battery pack 210 is fully charged and the battery voltage Vbat reaches a predetermined voltage, the control module 240 turns off the transistor Q2, thereby disconnecting the battery pack from the system and protecting the battery pack from long-term high voltage bias affecting battery life.
When the input voltage Vin is greater than the battery voltage Vbat, the voltage at the system load end is greater than the battery voltage Vbat. The control module 240 turns on the transistor Q1, the transistor Q3, and the transistor Q4, and turns off the transistor Q2. The input voltage Vin charges the battery assembly 210 in a buck mode via the charging path I12, as shown in fig. 4. At this time, the power conversion circuit 220 operates in the buck mode, the transistor Q3 is a power switch, and the transistor Q4 is a rectifier switch. The power conversion circuit 220 performs a step-down regulation on the input voltage Vin to charge the battery assembly 210 through the alternate turning on and off of the transistors Q3 and Q4.
When the battery voltage Vbat rises to a certain value, for example, when the battery voltage Vbat is close to the input voltage Vin, the battery voltage Vin does not need to continue to rise, the control module 240 keeps the transistor Q3 turned on according to the second feedback signal, the transistor Q4 is turned off, and the power conversion circuit 220 operates in the bypass mode.
When the battery pack 210 is fully charged, the control module 240 turns off the transistor Q3 and turns on the transistor Q4, thereby disconnecting the battery pack from the system and protecting the battery pack from long-term high voltage bias affecting battery life.
When the input voltage Vin is abnormal or fails, the system load is powered by the battery assembly 210. Specifically, as shown in fig. 5, when the input voltage Vin is less than the preset value, the control module 240 turns off the transistor Q1 and the transistor Q2, turns on the transistor Q4 and the transistor Q3, and the battery pack 210 supplies power to the system load via the second power supply path I22.
Preferably, the control module 240 controls the operation mode of the power conversion circuit 220 during power supply according to the battery voltage Vbat of the battery assembly 210. When the battery pack 210 is charged sufficiently, the control module 240 keeps the transistor Q3 turned on, the transistor Q4 turned off, and the power conversion circuit 220 operates in the bypass mode; as the power supply process proceeds, the battery voltage Vbat gradually decreases, and after the battery voltage Vbat decreases to a set threshold, for example, the battery voltage Vbat is less than the voltage at the system load side, the power conversion circuit 220 operates in the boost mode, the transistor Q4 is a power switch, and the transistor Q3 is a rectifier switch. The power conversion circuit 220 boosts and supplies the system load after boosting and adjusting the battery voltage Vbat through the alternate turning on and off of the transistors Q3 and Q4.
When the external interface a is connected to an external load, the charge and discharge management circuit 200 supplies power to the external load and the system load by the battery assembly 210, as shown in fig. 6.
As shown in fig. 6, when the external interface a is connected to an external load, the control module 240 turns on the transistors Q1, Q3 and Q4, turns off the transistor Q2, and the battery assembly 210 powers the system load and the external load through the power supply paths I31 and I32 shown in fig. 6, respectively. The operation principle of the power conversion circuit 220 in the process of supplying power to the external load and the system load by the battery assembly 210 is as described above, and will not be described herein again.
In a preferred embodiment, the bidirectional energy transfer circuit further comprises an input protection circuit, as shown in fig. 7, the charge and discharge management circuit 300 comprises the bidirectional energy transfer circuit, an external interface a, and a control module 340. The bi-directional energy transfer circuit includes a power conversion circuit 320, a switching circuit 360, a switching circuit 370, and an input protection circuit 380. The structures and connection relations of the power conversion circuit 320, the control module 340, the switch circuit 360 and the switch circuit 370 are the same as those of the power conversion circuit 220, the control module 240, the switch circuit 260 and the switch circuit 270 in the charge and discharge management circuit shown in fig. 2, and are not described herein again.
In order to improve the capability of the charge and discharge management circuit to resist high-voltage current impact, the bidirectional energy transfer circuit of the present embodiment includes an input protection circuit 380 located on the power supply path I21.
The input protection circuit 380 includes a transistor Q5 and a transistor Q6. The transistor Q5 has a first path end connected to the middle node of the transistors Q1 and Q2, a second path end grounded, a control end connected to the control module 340, and the transistor Q5 is an anti-surge transistor and is turned on when a large current is input to the power supply end of the charge and discharge management circuit 300, so as to improve the capability of the charge and discharge management circuit to resist the large current. The first path end of the transistor Q6 is connected to the first path end of the transistor Q5, the second path end is connected to the step-down circuit 390, the control end is connected to the control module 340, and the transistor Q6 is an overvoltage protection transistor and is used for turning off when the voltage at the power supply end of the charge and discharge management circuit 300 is too high, so as to protect the internal circuit of the charge and discharge management circuit.
The charge and discharge management circuit in the above embodiments employs a low voltage charging and power supply method, and in a preferred embodiment, a charge and discharge management circuit is provided that can be used for high voltage charging and power supply.
As shown in fig. 8, the charge and discharge management circuit 400 includes a bidirectional energy transfer circuit, an external interface a, and a control module 440. The bi-directional energy transfer circuit includes a power conversion circuit 420, a switching circuit 460, a switching circuit 470, and a voltage reduction circuit 490. The structures and connection relations of the power conversion circuit 420, the control module 440, the switch circuit 460 and the switch circuit 470 are the same as those of the power conversion circuit 220, the control module 240, the switch circuit 260 and the switch circuit 270 in the charge and discharge management circuit shown in fig. 2, and are not described herein again.
In order to improve the capability of the charge and discharge management circuit suitable for the high voltage circuit, the charge and discharge management circuit 400 of the present embodiment includes a voltage step-down circuit 490 on the power supply path I21.
The voltage dropping circuit 490 is used to drop the input voltage Vin and then supply power to the system load and the battery pack. The voltage reduction circuit 390 includes a transistor Q7, a transistor Q8, and an energy storage inductor L2. The transistor Q7 and the energy storage inductor L2 are connected between the system load and the intermediate node of the transistors Q1 and Q2, and the control terminal of the transistor Q7 is connected to the control module 440. A first path terminal of the transistor Q8 is connected to the first terminal of the energy storage inductor L2, a second path terminal is grounded, and a control terminal is connected to the control module 440. The transistor Q7 is a power switch, the transistor Q8 is a rectifier switch, and the transistor Q7 and the transistor Q8 are alternately turned on and off to perform step-down regulation on the input voltage Vin.
In a preferred embodiment, the charge and discharge management circuit further comprises an input protection circuit and a voltage reduction circuit located on a power supply path between the external interface and the system load, so that the capacity of the charge and discharge management circuit suitable for the high-voltage circuit is improved.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a rechargeable electronic device is provided, which includes a battery pack, a system load, and the charging and discharging management circuit.
In summary, the charge and discharge management circuit according to the embodiment of the present invention includes an external interface for connecting an external power source, where the external power source supplies power to the system load; the bidirectional energy transfer circuit is connected among the external interface, the battery assembly and the system load end; and a control module connected with the bidirectional energy transfer circuit to select an operation mode of the bidirectional energy transfer circuit, wherein in a first operation mode, the bidirectional energy transfer circuit provides a boosting power supply path from the battery assembly to the system load, in a second operation mode, the bidirectional energy transfer circuit provides a feedback charging path from the system load to the battery assembly, and in a third operation mode, the bidirectional energy transfer circuit is turned off to disconnect the system load from the battery assembly, so that the low-voltage power supply capacity of the battery assembly is increased without increasing the number of circuit elements.
In a preferred embodiment, the charge and discharge management circuit of the present invention is further configured to turn off the first charging path or the second charging path after the battery assembly is fully charged, so as to separate the battery assembly from the system, thereby protecting the battery assembly from long-term high voltage bias affecting the battery life.
In a preferred embodiment, the charge and discharge management circuit of the present invention further includes a reverse blocking transistor and an input resistor at the external interface, for maintaining a high impedance state when a reverse voltage occurs in the charge and discharge management circuit, and clamping a reverse current at a very low level, for protecting an internal circuit or an external power supply of the charge and discharge management circuit; meanwhile, the input resistor is used for pulling down the control end potential of the reverse blocking transistor when the input voltage is negative voltage, so that the transistor is turned off, and the negative voltage protection capability of the charge and discharge management circuit is improved.
In a preferred embodiment, the charge and discharge management circuit further includes an input protection circuit and a voltage reduction circuit on the first power supply path, so that the capacity of the charge and discharge management circuit suitable for the high-voltage circuit is improved.
In a preferred embodiment, the charge and discharge management circuit of the present invention is suitable for low voltage circuits, so that it is not necessary to improve the high voltage endurance of each device, the circuit cost can be reduced, and the cost of the rechargeable device using the charge and discharge management circuit can be reduced.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
While embodiments in accordance with the invention have been described above, these embodiments are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise embodiments described. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention and various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.
Claims (17)
1. A charge and discharge management circuit connected to a battery assembly and a system load, wherein the charge and discharge management circuit comprises:
the external interface is used for connecting an external power supply, and the external power supply supplies power to the system load;
a bidirectional energy transfer circuit connected between the external interface, the battery assembly and the system load terminal; and
a control module coupled to the bi-directional energy transfer circuit to select an operating mode of the bi-directional energy transfer circuit,
wherein, in a first mode of operation, the bi-directional energy transfer circuit provides a boosted power supply path from the battery assembly to the system load,
in a second mode of operation, the bi-directional energy transfer circuit provides a feedback charging path from the system load to the battery assembly,
in a third mode of operation, the bi-directional energy transfer circuit is turned off to disconnect the system load from the battery assembly.
2. The charge and discharge management circuit of claim 1, wherein the bi-directional energy transfer circuit operates in the first mode of operation when the external power source is abnormal,
when the external power supply is normal, the bidirectional energy transfer circuit works in the second working mode.
3. The charge and discharge management circuit of claim 2, wherein the bi-directional energy transfer circuit operates in the third mode of operation when the charge level of the battery assembly reaches a preset value.
4. The charge and discharge management circuit of claim 3 wherein the bi-directional energy transfer circuit comprises:
a first switching circuit including a first terminal connected to the external interface and a second terminal connected to the system load; and
a power conversion circuit including a first terminal connected to the first switching circuit and the system load intermediate node and a second terminal connected to the positive terminal of the battery assembly,
the first switch circuit is used for being switched on when the external power supply is normal and being switched off when the external power supply is abnormal.
5. The charge and discharge management circuit according to claim 4,
when the voltage of the system load is greater than the voltage of the battery pack, the power conversion circuit operates in a buck mode,
when the voltage of the system load is less than the voltage of the battery pack, the power conversion circuit operates in a boost mode,
the power conversion circuit operates in a bypass mode when the voltage of the system load is equal to the voltage of the battery assembly.
6. The charge and discharge management circuit according to claim 4, further comprising:
when the charge amount of the battery pack reaches the preset value, the power conversion circuit works in an open-circuit mode.
7. The charge and discharge management circuit according to claim 4, further comprising:
and the second switch circuit is connected between the first switch circuit and the battery assembly and is used for providing a low-voltage power supply path from the external power supply to the battery assembly when the external power supply is normal.
8. The charge and discharge management circuit according to claim 4, wherein the first switching circuit comprises:
the first transistor is connected with the external interface through a first path end, connected with the system load through a second path end, and connected with the control module through a control end; and
an input resistor having a first terminal connected to a first pass terminal of the first transistor and a second terminal connected to a control terminal of the first transistor,
the control module is used for controlling the first transistor to be turned on and off.
9. The charge and discharge management circuit of claim 7 wherein the second switching circuit comprises:
a second transistor, a first path end is connected to the second end of the first switch circuit, a second path end is connected to the anode of the battery component, a control end is connected to the control module,
the control module is used for controlling the second transistor to be switched on and off.
10. The charge and discharge management circuit of claim 5 wherein the power conversion circuit comprises:
the third transistor and the first energy storage inductor are connected between the first end and the second end of the power conversion circuit in series, and the control end of the third transistor is connected to the control module; and
a fourth transistor, a first path end is connected to the middle node of the third transistor and the first energy storage inductor, a second path end is grounded, a control end is connected to the control module,
the control module is used for controlling the third transistor and the fourth transistor to be switched on and off alternately.
11. The charge and discharge management circuit according to claim 10,
when the power conversion circuit works in a voltage reduction mode, the third transistor is used as a power switch, the fourth transistor is used as a rectifier switch,
when the power conversion circuit works in a boosting mode, the third transistor is used as a rectifying switch, and the fourth transistor is used as a power switch
When the power conversion circuit works in a bypass mode, the third transistor is always conducted, and the fourth transistor is always turned off.
12. The charge and discharge management circuit of claim 4, the bi-directional energy transfer circuit further comprising an input protection circuit, wherein the input protection circuit comprises:
a fifth transistor, wherein a first path end is connected to the second end of the first switch circuit, a second path end is grounded, and a control end is connected to the control module; and
and a first path end of the sixth transistor is connected to the first path end of the fifth transistor, a second path end of the sixth transistor is connected to the system load, and a control end of the sixth transistor is connected to the control module.
13. The charge and discharge management circuit of claim 12 wherein the fifth transistor is configured to turn on when a large current is present at the external interface.
14. The charge and discharge management circuit of claim 4, the bi-directional energy transfer circuit further comprising a voltage reduction circuit, wherein the voltage reduction circuit comprises:
a seventh switching tube and a second energy storage inductor which are connected in series between the first switching circuit and the system load, wherein a control end of the seventh transistor is connected to the control module; and the first path end of the eighth transistor is connected to the middle node of the seventh transistor and the second energy storage inductor, the second path end of the eighth transistor is grounded, and the control end of the eighth transistor is connected to the control module.
15. The charge and discharge management circuit of claim 4, the bi-directional energy transfer circuit further comprising:
the first end of the first capacitor is connected to the system load, and the second end of the first capacitor is grounded; and
and the first end of the second capacitor is connected to the anode of the battery component, and the second end of the second capacitor is grounded.
16. The charge and discharge management circuit according to any one of claim 1, further comprising:
when the external interface is used for connecting an external load, the bidirectional energy transfer circuit provides a power supply path from the battery assembly to the external load.
17. A rechargeable electronic device, comprising:
a battery assembly;
a system load; and
the charge and discharge management circuit of any of claims 1-16.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201811184209.2A CN111049203A (en) | 2018-10-11 | 2018-10-11 | Charge and discharge management circuit and chargeable electronic equipment |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811184209.2A CN111049203A (en) | 2018-10-11 | 2018-10-11 | Charge and discharge management circuit and chargeable electronic equipment |
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| CN111049203A true CN111049203A (en) | 2020-04-21 |
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| CN201811184209.2A Pending CN111049203A (en) | 2018-10-11 | 2018-10-11 | Charge and discharge management circuit and chargeable electronic equipment |
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Application publication date: 20200421 |