CN113572242B - Charging circuit and integrated chip - Google Patents

Charging circuit and integrated chip Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113572242B
CN113572242B CN202111125498.0A CN202111125498A CN113572242B CN 113572242 B CN113572242 B CN 113572242B CN 202111125498 A CN202111125498 A CN 202111125498A CN 113572242 B CN113572242 B CN 113572242B
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voltage
switch
conversion module
charging circuit
branch
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CN113572242A (en
Inventor
刘锐
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Xidi Microelectronics Group Co ltd
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Guangdong Xidi Microelectronics Co ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H02J7/00714—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery charging or discharging current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H02J7/007182—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery voltage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B40/00—Technologies aiming at improving the efficiency of home appliances, e.g. induction cooking or efficient technologies for refrigerators, freezers or dish washers

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

The application discloses charging circuit and integrated chip relates to electronic circuit technical field, and wherein, charging circuit includes first conversion module, second conversion module and first isolator, and first conversion module includes first inductance, first electric capacity and first switch branch road, and first switch branch road includes first switch, second switch, third switch and fourth switch. The first inductor is connected between the second voltage end and the midpoint of the first switch branch, and the first capacitor is connected between the first node and the second node. The second conversion module comprises a second capacitor and a second switch branch, the second switch branch comprises a fifth switch, a sixth switch, a seventh switch and an eighth switch, the midpoint of the second switch branch is connected with the third voltage end, the first isolating switch is connected between the midpoint of the first switch branch and the midpoint of the second switch branch, and the second capacitor is connected between the third node and the fourth node. By the mode, the power consumption of the charging circuit can be lower.

Description

Charging circuit and integrated chip
Technical Field
The present application relates to the field of electronic circuit technology, and more particularly, to a charging circuit and an integrated chip.
Background
With the further development of technology, various portable devices, such as mobile phones, tablet computers, digital cameras, MP3 players, etc., have become popular. Each portable device may use a plurality of rechargeable battery cells. A plurality of rechargeable battery cells may be connected in series or in parallel to form a rechargeable battery pack for storing electrical energy.
The battery charger is used to recover energy for a plurality of rechargeable battery cells. The battery charger is controlled to provide a voltage (e.g., a constant voltage charging mode) and a current (e.g., a constant current charging mode) to the plurality of rechargeable battery cells to recover energy from the battery.
At present, the existing charging system is generally a two-stage charging system, and the two-stage charging system comprises a two-stage power conversion circuit cascade, which results in higher power consumption of the system.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application aims to provide a charging circuit and an integrated chip, and the power consumption of the charging circuit can be lower.
To achieve the above object, in a first aspect, the present application provides a charging circuit, including:
the first conversion module, the second conversion module and the first isolating switch;
the first conversion module includes:
the circuit comprises a first inductor, a first capacitor and a first switch branch, wherein the first switch branch comprises a first switch, a second switch, a third switch and a fourth switch which are sequentially connected in series;
the first switch branch is connected between a first voltage end and ground, the first inductor is connected between a second voltage end and a midpoint of the first switch branch, and the first capacitor is connected between a first node between the first switch and the second switch and a second node between the third switch and the fourth switch;
the second conversion module includes:
the second switch branch circuit comprises a fifth switch, a sixth switch, a seventh switch and an eighth switch which are sequentially connected in series, and the second switch branch circuit is connected with the first switch branch circuit in parallel;
the second switch branch is connected between a first voltage end and the ground, a midpoint of the second switch branch is connected with a third voltage end, the first isolating switch is connected between the midpoint of the first switch branch and the midpoint of the second switch branch, and the second capacitor is connected between a third node between the fifth switch and the sixth switch and a fourth node between the seventh switch and the eighth switch.
In an optional manner, the charging circuit further comprises a first switching module;
the first voltage end is used for inputting a first voltage source, and is further connected with the fourth voltage end through the first switch module, wherein the fourth voltage end is used for being connected with an external battery branch, the first voltage end is connected with the first switch branch and the second switch branch, and the battery branch comprises at least two battery cells connected in series;
the second voltage end is used for inputting a second voltage source, and the third voltage end is used for being connected with an external system.
In an alternative, if the battery branch is in a pre-charge mode, the first switching module is configured as a linear regulator to output an adjustable current;
the first switch module is configured to be fully turned on if the battery branch is in a constant current charging mode;
if the battery branch is in a constant voltage charging mode, the first switch module is configured as a linear voltage regulator to output an adjustable voltage.
In an optional manner, if the second voltage terminal is connected to the second voltage source, and the second voltage source is a power supply with a fixed output voltage, the first isolating switch is controlled to be turned off;
and the first conversion module is configured as a three-level boost converter and the second conversion module is configured to operate in a 2:1 charge pump mode.
In an optional manner, if the second voltage terminal is connected to the second voltage source, and the second voltage source is a power supply with an adjustable output voltage, the first isolating switch is controlled to be turned on;
and the module formed by the first conversion module, the second conversion module and the first isolating switch is configured to operate in a 1:2 charge pump mode.
In an optional manner, if the first voltage terminal is connected to the first voltage source, and the first voltage source is a power supply with an adjustable output voltage, the first isolating switch is controlled to be turned on;
and the module formed by the first conversion module, the second conversion module and the first isolating switch is configured to operate in a 2:1 charge pump mode.
In an alternative mode, if the first voltage terminal is connected to the first voltage source, the first voltage source is a power source with an adjustable output voltage, the voltage of the first voltage source is lower than twice of the minimum operating voltage of the external system, and the first isolating switch is controlled to be conducted when the battery branch circuit is in the pre-charging mode,
the first switching module is configured as a linear regulator to charge the battery branch;
the first conversion module is configured as a three-level buck converter to supply power to the external system through the first isolation switch;
each switch in the second conversion module is configured to be turned off.
In an optional manner, if the first voltage terminal is connected to the first voltage source, and the second voltage terminal is connected to the second voltage source, and the voltage of the first voltage source is greater than or equal to the maximum voltage of the battery branch, and the voltage of the second voltage source is equal to the operating voltage of the external system, the first isolation switch is controlled to be turned on.
In an optional manner, if the first voltage terminal is connected to the first voltage source, and the second voltage terminal is connected to a second voltage source, and the voltage of the first voltage source is twice the working voltage of the external system, and the voltage of the second voltage source is a fixed output voltage, the first isolation switch is controlled to be turned off;
wherein the first conversion module is configured as a three-level boost converter and the second conversion module is configured to operate in a 2:1 charge pump mode.
In an optional manner, if the first voltage terminal is connected to the first voltage source, and the second voltage terminal is connected to the second voltage source, and the voltage of the first voltage source is an adjustable output voltage, and the voltage of the second voltage source is a fixed output voltage, the first isolation switch is controlled to be turned off;
wherein the first conversion module is configured as a three-level boost converter and the second conversion module is configured to operate in a 2:1 charge pump mode and to adjust the voltage of the first voltage source to twice the operating voltage of the external system;
and if the first voltage source reaches the maximum voltage, disconnecting the first voltage source from the first voltage end.
In an optional mode, if the charging circuit works in a battery mode, the first isolating switch is controlled to be conducted;
wherein a module formed by the first conversion module, the second conversion module, and the first isolation switch is configured to operate in a 2:1 charge pump mode such that the voltage at the third voltage terminal is half of the voltage across the battery branch.
In an optional manner, if the charging circuit operates in an OTG mode, the first isolation switch is controlled to be turned off;
wherein the first conversion module is configured as a three-level buck converter and the second conversion module is configured to operate in a 2:1 charge pump mode.
In an alternative mode, if the charging circuit operates in the transportation mode, the first switch and the fifth switch are controlled to be turned off.
In an optional manner, if the charging circuit operates in a system reset mode, the first switch, the fifth switch and the first isolating switch are controlled to be turned off, so as to discharge the external system.
In an optional manner, if the midpoint of the first switch branch is connected to a third voltage source, and the first isolation switch and the seventh switch are controlled to be turned off, and the fifth switch, the sixth switch and the eighth switch are controlled to be turned on;
wherein the first conversion module is configured to operate in a 1:2 charge pump mode such that the voltage on the third voltage terminal is twice the voltage of the third voltage source.
In an optional manner, if the midpoint of the first switch branch is connected to a third voltage source, the first isolation switch and the third switch are controlled to be turned off, and the first switch, the second switch and the fourth switch are controlled to be turned on;
wherein the second conversion module is configured to operate in a 2:1 charge pump mode such that the voltage on the third voltage terminal is half the voltage of the third voltage source.
In an optional manner, the charging circuit further includes a signal selection module;
the signal selection module is respectively connected with a fifth voltage end, the first voltage end and the second voltage end, and is used for controlling input signals of the first voltage end and the second voltage end according to input signals of the fifth voltage end;
the signal selection module comprises a USB overvoltage protection unit and a quick charge control unit;
the USB overvoltage protection unit is connected between the fifth voltage end and the second voltage end, and the quick charge control unit is connected with the fifth voltage end and the USB overvoltage protection unit.
In an optional manner, the signal selection module further comprises a second isolation switch;
the second isolating switch is connected between the fifth voltage end and the first voltage end, and the second isolating switch is connected with the quick charge control unit.
In an optional manner, the signal selection module further includes a third isolation switch;
the third isolating switch is connected between the fifth voltage end and the fourth voltage end, and the third isolating switch is connected with the quick charge control unit.
In an optional manner, the signal selection module further includes a ninth switch;
the ninth switch is connected between a sixth voltage end and the first voltage end, and the ninth switch is connected with the quick charging control unit, wherein the sixth voltage end is a wireless charging input end.
In a second aspect, the present application provides an integrated chip comprising a charging circuit as described above.
The beneficial effects of the embodiment of the application are that: the charging circuit provided by the application comprises a first conversion module, a second conversion module and a first isolating switch. The first conversion module comprises a first inductor, a first capacitor and a first switch branch, wherein the first switch branch comprises a first switch, a second switch, a third switch and a fourth switch which are sequentially connected in series. The second conversion module comprises a second capacitor and a second switch branch, wherein the second switch branch comprises a fifth switch, a sixth switch, a seventh switch and an eighth switch which are sequentially connected in series. Compared with a double-stage charging system in the prior art, the charging circuit is simple in structure, control logic is simplified, power consumption is reduced, and even if the power consumption of the charging circuit is low, the working efficiency of the charging circuit is improved.
Drawings
One or more embodiments are illustrated by way of example in the accompanying drawings, which correspond to the figures in which like reference numerals refer to similar elements and which are not to scale unless otherwise specified.
Fig. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of a dual-stage charging system in the prior art;
fig. 2 is a schematic circuit structure diagram of a charging circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of a charging circuit according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of a charging circuit according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 5 is a schematic circuit structure diagram of a charging circuit according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic circuit structure diagram of a dual-stage charging system in the prior art. As shown in fig. 1, the dual-stage charging system 100 includes two power stage circuits, i.e., a first power stage circuit 110 and a second power stage circuit 130.
On the one hand, two power stage circuits may cause the power consumption of the entire charging system to become high. On the other hand, an isolating switch 118 is also disposed between the first power stage circuit 110 and the second power stage circuit 130. The isolation switch 118 is used to handle charging and discharging currents, and the current flowing through the switch 118 is high (e.g., 4A or higher), which results in additional losses and thus reduced operating efficiency.
Based on this, this application provides a charging circuit, and this charging circuit can realize the function of charging through a power level circuit, and the consumption is lower. Meanwhile, an isolating switch between the two power-stage circuits does not exist, so that the power consumption is further reduced, and the working efficiency is improved.
As shown in fig. 2, the charging circuit includes a first converting module, a second converting module and a first isolating switch. The first conversion module comprises a first inductor L1, a first capacitor C1 and a first switch branch 21, wherein the first switch branch 21 comprises a first switch, a second switch, a third switch and a fourth switch which are sequentially connected in series. The second conversion module includes a second capacitor C2 and a second switch branch 22, wherein the second switch branch 22 includes a fifth switch, a sixth switch, a seventh switch and an eighth switch which are sequentially connected in series, and the second switch branch 22 is connected in parallel with the first switch branch 21.
Specifically, the first switching branch is connected between the first voltage terminal Vin1 and the ground GND, the first inductor L1 is connected between the second voltage terminal Vin2 and the midpoint M1 of the first switching branch, and the first capacitor C1 is connected between a first node P1 between the first switch and the second switch and a second node P2 between the third switch and the fourth switch. The second switching branch 22 is connected between the first voltage terminal Vin1 and the ground GND, the midpoint M2 of the second switching branch 22 is connected to the third voltage terminal Vsys, the first isolation switch is connected between the midpoint M1 of the first switching branch 21 and the midpoint M2 of the second switching branch 22, and the second capacitor C2 is connected between a third node P3 between the fifth switch and the sixth switch and a fourth node P4 between the seventh switch and the eighth switch.
In practical applications, by controlling the on/off states of the first switch, the second switch, the third switch, the fourth switch, the fifth switch, the sixth switch, the seventh switch and the eighth switch, a corresponding charging voltage can be output at the third voltage terminal Vsys according to the voltage input at the first voltage terminal Vin1 and/or the second voltage terminal Vin2, thereby realizing the charging function. In one embodiment, the first switch, the second switch, the third switch, the fourth switch, the fifth switch, the sixth switch, the seventh switch and the eighth switch may be turned on or off by a control signal output by the control unit. The control Unit may be a Micro Control Unit (MCU) or a Digital Signal Processing (DSP) controller.
Compared with a double-stage charging system in the prior art, the charging circuit provided by the application is simple in structure. The control logic is simplified, the power consumption is reduced, and the working efficiency of the charging circuit is improved.
In an embodiment, please refer to fig. 3 in conjunction with fig. 2. The first switch, the second switch, the third switch, the fourth switch, the fifth switch, the sixth switch, the seventh switch, the eighth switch and the first isolating switch respectively correspond to the first switch tube Q1, the second switch tube Q2, the third switch tube Q3, the fourth switch tube Q4, the fifth switch tube Q5, the sixth switch tube Q6, the seventh switch tube Q7, the eighth switch tube Q8 and the first isolating switch tube QS 1. The first switch tube Q1, the second switch tube Q2, the third switch tube Q3 and the fourth switch tube Q4 are controlled by the first control unit U1, and the fifth switch tube Q5, the sixth switch tube Q6, the seventh switch tube Q7, the eighth switch tube Q8 and the first isolating switch tube QS1 are controlled by the second control unit U2. The first isolating switch tube QS1 includes two transistors connected back to back.
As shown in fig. 3, the charging circuit further includes a first switching module 31. The first switch module includes a switch Q31, a third control unit U3, and a capacitor C31. The switching tube Q31 is controlled by the third control unit U3.
Specifically, the first voltage terminal Vin1 is configured to input a first voltage source, the first voltage terminal Vin1 is further connected to a fourth voltage terminal Vbat through the first switch module 31, where the fourth voltage terminal Vbat is configured to be connected to an external battery branch 30, and the first voltage terminal Vin1 is connected to the first switch branch 21 and the second switch branch 22, where the battery branch 30 includes at least two cells connected in series. In fig. 3, the battery branch 30 includes a battery cell B1 and a battery cell B2 connected in series. The second voltage terminal Vin2 is used for inputting a second voltage source, and the third voltage terminal Vsys is used for connecting with an external system. Wherein the external system may be a plurality of system loads of the portable device (e.g., a smartphone).
In one embodiment, the first voltage source is a power supply having an adjustable output voltage in the range of 6V to 10V. Also, the power supply has a pre-designed voltage regulation step, such as a 20mV voltage regulation step provided by a USB PD3.0 adapter.
In an embodiment, the second voltage source may be a power supply with a fixed output voltage (e.g., 5V). In another embodiment, the second voltage source may also be a voltage source with an adjustable output voltage (e.g., from 3.6V to 5.5V) and with a pre-designed voltage adjustment step size. For example, the second voltage source may be a USB PD3.0 PPS adapter.
In an embodiment, the fourth voltage terminal Vbat may be connected to the battery branch 30 through a switch.
In one embodiment, the third voltage terminal Vsys is used for connecting to a system power source requiring a certain voltage range. For example, a smartphone system requires a system power supply in the range of 3.5V to 4.5V.
It should be noted that the charging circuit may employ a single input (one of the first voltage terminal Vin1 and the second voltage terminal Vin 2) or two inputs (both of the first voltage terminal Vin1 and the second voltage terminal Vin 2). The charging circuit is capable of producing two outputs for either a single input or for both inputs. It should be noted that when both inputs are present, the voltage at the first voltage terminal Vin1 should be adjusted to be equal to the voltage of the battery branch 30 plus the voltage drop across the first switching module 31. In addition, the voltage of the second voltage terminal Vin2 must be lower than the voltage of the first voltage terminal Vin1 by a predetermined value in order to take advantage of the advantage of having two input power sources.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 4, the charging circuit further includes a signal selection module 32. The signal selecting module 32 is respectively connected to the fifth voltage terminal VBUS, the first voltage terminal Vin1, the second voltage terminal Vin2 and the sixth voltage terminal VWPC, and the signal selecting module 32 is configured to control input signals of the first voltage terminal Vin1 and the second voltage terminal Vin2 according to an output signal of the fifth voltage terminal VBUS.
The signal selection module 32 includes a fast charge control unit U4 and a USB overvoltage protection unit U5. The USB overvoltage protection unit U5 is connected between the fifth voltage terminal VBUS and the second voltage terminal Vin2, and the fast charge control unit U4 is connected to the fifth voltage terminal VBUS and the USB overvoltage protection unit U5.
In one embodiment, with continued reference to fig. 4, the signal selection module 32 further includes a second isolation switch (in fig. 4, a second isolation switch tube QS2 is taken as an example). The second isolating switch tube QS2 is connected between the fifth voltage terminal VBUS and the first voltage terminal Vin1, and the second isolating switch tube QS2 is connected to the fast charge control unit U4.
In another embodiment, referring to fig. 5, the signal selection module 32 further includes a third isolation switch (in fig. 5, a third isolation switch tube QS3 is taken as an example). The third isolating switch tube QS3 is connected between the fifth voltage terminal VBUS and the fourth voltage terminal Vbat, and the third isolating switch tube QS3 is connected with the fast charge control unit U4.
In an embodiment, referring to fig. 4 and 5, the signal selection module 32 further includes a ninth switch (for example, the ninth switch Q9 is taken in fig. 4 and 5). The ninth switch tube Q9 is connected between the sixth voltage terminal VWPC and the first voltage terminal Vin1, and the ninth switch tube Q9 is connected to the fast charge control unit U4.
In fig. 3, 4, or 5, each switch is exemplified by a MOS switch tube. In other embodiments, the switches may be other controllable switches such as Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) devices, Integrated Gate Commutated Thyristor (IGCT) devices, gate turn-off thyristor (GTO) devices, Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR) devices, junction gate field effect transistor (JFET) devices, MOS Controlled Thyristor (MCT) devices, gallium nitride (GaN) based power devices, silicon carbide (SiC) based power devices, and the like.
Meanwhile, although each switch in fig. 3, 4 or 5 is implemented as a single N-type MOS switch tube, those skilled in the art will recognize that many variations, modifications, and alternatives are possible. For example, all or at least some of the switches may be implemented as P-type transistors, depending on different applications and design needs. Secondly, each of the switches shown in fig. 3, 4 or 5 may be implemented as a plurality of switches connected in parallel. Furthermore, each of the capacitors shown in fig. 2, 3, 4 or 5 may be connected in parallel with a switch to implement Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS) or Zero Current Switching (ZCS).
The operation principle of the charging circuit provided in the embodiment of the present application will be described with reference to fig. 3, fig. 4 and fig. 5.
In an embodiment, when the first isolating switch tube QS1 is turned on, the first and second conversion modules may be configured to form a two-phase switched capacitor converter. The two-phase switched capacitor converter can operate in either a 2:1 charge pump mode or a 1:2 charge pump mode.
Meanwhile, the first control unit U1 and the second control unit U2 are configured to synchronize the gate driving signals of the respective switching tubes in the first conversion module and the gate driving signals of the respective switching tubes in the second conversion module, that is, the first conversion module and the second conversion module operate at the same frequency. Preferably, the first conversion module and the second conversion module may be 180 degrees out of phase and operate at the same frequency, and then the first conversion module and the second conversion module form a two-phase switched capacitor converter. Alternatively, the first conversion module and the second conversion module may be in phase according to design requirements.
In another embodiment, when the first isolation switching tube QS1 is turned off, the first conversion module may be configured as a three-level boost converter, a three-level buck converter or a switched capacitor converter. The second conversion module may be configured as a switched capacitor converter and operate in either a 2:1 charge pump mode or a 1:2 charge pump mode. In particular, when the fourth voltage terminal Vbat is configured as an input and the third voltage terminal Vsys is configured as an output, the second conversion module is configured to operate in a 2:1 charge pump mode. On the other hand, when the third voltage terminal Vsys is configured as an input and the fourth voltage terminal Vbat is configured as an output, the second conversion module is configured to operate in a 1:2 charge pump mode.
Specifically, taking the circuit structure shown in fig. 3 as an example, the specific implementation process of the above configuration results is further described.
In an embodiment, the first conversion module is configured as a three-level buck converter, that is, according to different proportional requirements of the first voltage terminal Vin1 and the second voltage terminal Vin2, by controlling the first switching tube Q1, the second switching tube Q2, the third switching tube Q3 and the fourth switching tube Q4, the level at the midpoint M1 of the first switching branch is switched among three levels, namely Vin1, GND and Vin1/2, so as to achieve higher voltage conversion efficiency. In this embodiment, the first terminal of the capacitor C33 is connected to the fifth voltage terminal VBUS, and the second terminal of the capacitor C33 is connected to the ground GND.
In this case, the first voltage terminal Vin1 is a voltage input terminal, and the input voltage is assumed to be Vin. The second voltage terminal Vin2 is a voltage output terminal, and the output voltage is assumed to be Vout.
When the output voltage Vout is greater than half of the input voltage Vin, the operation process is divided into four phases. In the first stage, the first switch Q1 and the second switch Q2 are turned on, the third switch Q3 and the fourth switch Q4 are turned off, the input voltage Vin is stored in the first inductor L1, the voltage at the point M1 is the input voltage Vin, and the current flowing through the first inductor L1 gradually increases. In the second stage, the second switch Q2 and the fourth switch Q4 are turned on, and the first switch Q1 and the third switch Q3 are turned off. The voltage (about Vin/2) accumulated in the first capacitor C1 and the current accumulated in the first inductor L1 are connected in series to charge the capacitor C33. At this time, Q2 turns on Q4, and the voltage at the midpoint M1 is about half the input voltage Vin as the voltage at the first capacitor C1. Since the target output voltage Vout is greater than half of the input voltage Vin, the current on the first inductor L1 gradually decreases in the second phase and releases the energy accumulated in the previous phase (i.e., the first phase). In the third stage, as in the first stage, the first switch Q1 and the second switch Q2 are turned on, the third switch Q3 and the fourth switch Q4 are turned off, the input voltage Vin is used to store energy for the first inductor L1, and the current flowing through the first inductor L1 gradually increases. In the fourth stage, the first switch Q1 and the third switch Q3 are turned on, and the second switch Q2 and the fourth switch Q4 are turned off. The first voltage terminal Vin charges the first capacitor C1 and supplies power to the output capacitor C33 through the inductor L1. The voltage at M1 is now about half the input voltage Vin (Vin/2), minus the voltage across capacitor C1. During this phase the current in the first inductor L1 gradually decreases and the voltage across the capacitor C1 is supplemented.
The three-level buck converter repeats the above 4 stages and outputs an output voltage value between half of the input voltage Vin and the input voltage Vin. The first capacitor C1 is charged and discharged in the second stage and the fourth stage, respectively, and the charging and discharging time is kept approximately equal to maintain the voltage across the first capacitor C1 to be half of the input voltage Vin. The duration (i.e., duty cycle) of the three-level boost converter in the first stage and the third stage determines the level of the output voltage, and when the duty cycle is small (close to 0), the output voltage Vout is close to half of the input voltage Vin. And when the duty ratio approaches 1, the output voltage Vout approaches the input voltage Vin. When the duty ratio is 0, only the second stage and the fourth stage are switched alternately for the same time length at this time, and the output voltage Vout is half of the input voltage Vin.
It can be seen that when the output voltage Vout is half greater than the input voltage Vin, the voltage at the midpoint M1 switches between the input voltage Vin and half of the input voltage Vin in the three-level buck converter, and the switching frequency is high, which reduces the current ripple on the first inductor L1. Meanwhile, the withstand voltage requirement of each switching tube in the first conversion module is reduced to Vin/2 from the conventional Vin, which is beneficial to reducing the switching loss of the circuit and the area of a chip.
When the output voltage Vout is less than half the input voltage Vin, the three-level buck converter also operates in four different phases. In the first stage, the first switch transistor Q1 and the third switch transistor Q3 are turned on, the second switch transistor Q2 and the fourth switch transistor Q4 are turned off, and the input voltage Vin is connected in series with the first capacitor C1 to store energy for the first inductor L1. The voltage across the first capacitor C1 remains at about half the input voltage Vin, so the voltage at the midpoint M1 is also at about half the input voltage Vin. Since the output voltage Vout is less than half the input voltage Vin, the current across the first inductor L1 gradually increases during the first phase. In the second stage, the third switch Q3 and the fourth switch Q4 are turned on, and the first switch Q1 and the second switch Q2 are turned off. The current accumulated in the first inductor L1 charges the capacitor C33. The current in the first inductor L1 gradually decreases. In the third stage, the second switch Q2 and the fourth switch Q4 are turned on, the first switch Q1 and the third switch Q3 are turned off, the voltage Vin/2 across the first capacitor C1 charges the output capacitor C33 through the first inductor L1 while storing energy for the first inductor L1, and the current flowing through the first inductor L1 gradually increases. In the fourth phase, as in the second phase, the third switching transistor Q3 and the fourth switching transistor Q4 are turned on, and the first switching transistor Q1 and the second switching transistor Q2 are turned off. The current accumulated in the first inductor L1 charges the capacitor C33. The current in the first inductor L1 gradually decreases. The voltage at the point M1 in this phase remains at half the input voltage Vin while the current in the first inductor L1 gradually decreases.
The three-level buck converter repeats the 4 stages and outputs a voltage value between half the input voltage and 0. The first capacitor C1 is charged and discharged in the first stage and the third stage, respectively, and it is required to keep the charging and discharging time approximately equal to maintain the voltage across the first capacitor C1 to be half of the input voltage Vin. The duration (i.e., duty cycle) of the three-level buck converter in the first and third phases determines the output voltage, and when the duty cycle is low (close to 0), the output voltage Vout is close to 0. And when the duty cycle is close to 1, the output voltage Vout is close to half of the input voltage Vin. When the duty ratio is 100%, only the second stage and the fourth stage are switched alternately for the same duration, and the output voltage Vout is half of the input voltage Vin.
In a first embodiment, the first conversion module is configured as a three-level boost converter.
In this case, the second voltage terminal Vin2 is a voltage input terminal, and the input voltage is also assumed to be Vin. The first voltage terminal Vin1 is a voltage output terminal, and similarly, the output voltage is assumed to be Vout.
When the output voltage Vout is less than twice the input voltage Vin, the operation is divided into four phases. First, in the first stage, the second switch Q2 and the fourth switch Q4 are turned on, the first switch Q1 and the third switch Q3 are turned off, and the input voltage Vin is stored in the first inductor L1 through the first capacitor C1. Wherein the voltage across the first capacitor C1 is kept around half the output voltage Vout, so the voltage at the midpoint M1 is also around half the output voltage Vout. Since the output voltage Vout is less than twice the input voltage Vin, the current flowing through the first inductor L1 gradually increases. In the second stage, the first switch Q1 and the second switch Q2 are turned on, and the third switch Q3 and the fourth switch Q4 are turned off. The input voltage Vin is connected in series with the first inductor L1 to charge the capacitor C33. Wherein the output voltage Vout is equal to the input voltage Vin plus the voltage across the first inductor L1. The current in the first inductor L1 gradually decreases in the second phase. In the third stage, the first switch Q1 and the third switch Q3 are turned on, the second switch Q2 and the fourth switch Q4 are turned off, and the input voltage Vin is used to store energy for the first inductor L1. Since the voltage across the first capacitor C1 remains at about half the output voltage Vout, the voltage at the midpoint M1 is also at about half the output voltage Vout. Since the output voltage Vout is less than twice the input voltage Vin, the current across the first inductor L1 gradually increases during the third phase, and energy is again accumulated. In the fourth stage, as in the second stage, the first switch Q1 and the second switch Q2 are turned on, and the third switch Q3 and the fourth switch Q4 are turned off. The input voltage Vin is connected in series with the first inductor L1 to charge the capacitor C33. Wherein the output voltage Vout is equal to the input voltage Vin plus the voltage across the first inductor L1. The current in the first inductor L1 gradually decreases in the second phase.
The three-level boost converter repeats the 4 stages, and outputs an output voltage value between the input voltage Vin and twice the input voltage Vin. The first capacitor C1 is charged and discharged in the first stage and the third stage, respectively, and it is necessary to keep the charging and discharging time approximately equal to maintain the voltage across the first capacitor C1 to be half of the output voltage Vout. The duration (i.e., duty cycle) of the three-level boost converter in the first stage and the third stage determines the output voltage, and when the duty cycle is small (close to 0), the output voltage Vout approaches the input voltage Vin. And when the duty cycle is close to 1, the output voltage Vout is close to twice the input voltage Vin. When the duty ratio is 1, only the first and the third stages are switched alternately with the same duration, and the output voltage Vout is twice the input voltage Vin.
When the output voltage Vout is greater than twice the input voltage Vin, the three-level buck converter charges the first inductor L1 through the third switch transistor Q3 and the fourth switch transistor Q4, which works in a similar manner to the case when the first conversion module is configured as a three-level buck converter and the output voltage Vout is less than half of the input voltage Vin, and therefore, the description is omitted here.
In one embodiment, the second conversion module is configured to operate in a 2:1 charge pump mode, i.e., to perform efficient buck conversion at a fixed 2:1 ratio. The second conversion module is now configured as a switched capacitor converter.
In this embodiment, the second conversion module operates in a buck mode. The first voltage terminal Vin1 is a voltage input terminal, and it is assumed that the input voltage is Vin. The third voltage terminal Vsys is a voltage output terminal, and the output voltage thereof is the operating voltage of the external system connected to the third voltage terminal Vsys, which is denoted as Vsys 1.
When the output voltage Vsys1 of the third voltage terminal Vsys is equal to half of the input voltage Vin, the operation process is divided into two equal-length stages. In the first stage, the fifth switch Q5 and the seventh switch Q7 are turned on, the sixth switch Q6 and the eighth switch Q8 are turned off, and the input voltage Vin charges the output capacitor C32 through the second capacitor C2 and supplies power to an external system connected to the third voltage terminal Vsys. Where the output voltage Vsys1 is equal to half of the input voltage Vin. In the second stage, the sixth switch Q6 and the eighth switch Q8 are turned on, and the fifth switch Q5 and the seventh switch Q7 are turned off. The second capacitor C2 and the capacitor C32 are connected in parallel to supply power to an external system connected to the third voltage terminal Vsys. Thus, the second conversion module switches between two equal length phases with a 50% duty cycle to achieve an output voltage Vsys1 of half the input voltage Vin.
In this embodiment, the first terminal of the capacitor C32 is connected to the third voltage terminal Vsys, and the second terminal of the capacitor C32 is connected to the ground GND.
In one embodiment, the second conversion module is configured to operate in a 1:2 charge pump mode, i.e., to perform efficient buck conversion at a fixed 1:2 ratio. The second conversion module is now configured as a switched capacitor converter.
In this embodiment, the second conversion module operates in a boost mode. The third voltage terminal Vsys is a voltage input terminal, and the input voltage thereof is the operating voltage of the external system connected to the third voltage terminal Vsys, which is denoted as Vsys 2. The first voltage terminal Vin1 is a voltage output terminal, and the output voltage thereof is denoted as Vout.
This embodiment is implemented in a similar manner to the case where the second conversion module is configured as a switched capacitor converter and operates in a 2:1 charge pump mode. In 50% of the time, the sixth switching tube Q6 and the eighth switching tube Q8 are turned on, the fifth switching tube Q5 and the seventh switching tube Q7 are turned off, and the input voltage Vsys2 is obtained by charging the second capacitor C2 and the capacitor C32 in parallel to the input voltage Vsys 2. In another 50% of the time, the fifth switch Q5 and the seventh switch Q7 are turned on, the sixth switch Q6 and the eighth switch Q8 are turned off, and the second capacitor C2 and the capacitor C32 are serially output to charge the capacitor C34 with the input voltage Vsys2, so that 1:2 fixed ratio voltage pump-up.
In this embodiment, the first terminal of the capacitor C34 is connected to the second voltage terminal Vin2, and the second terminal of the capacitor C34 is connected to the ground GND.
In an embodiment, the first conversion module and the second conversion module may be configured to form a two-phase switched capacitor converter. The two-phase switched capacitor converter can operate in either a 2:1 (buck) charge pump mode or a 1:2 (boost) charge pump mode.
As can be seen from the above embodiments, when the first conversion module is configured as a three-level buck converter or a three-level boost converter, and when the combination of the first switching transistor Q1 and the third switching transistor Q3 and the combination of the second switching transistor Q2 and the fourth switching transistor Q4 are turned on successively at a 50% duty cycle, the voltage at the midpoint M1 is half of the voltage at the first voltage terminal Vin 1. Then, the output of the three-level buck converter or the three-level boost converter may be output in parallel with the second conversion module through the first isolation switch tube QS 1. Meanwhile, the second conversion module is configured as a switched capacitor converter and operates in a 2:1 charge pump mode.
At this time, the first conversion module and the second conversion module may be turned on and off in opposite phases, that is, the first switching tube Q1, the third switching tube Q3, the sixth switching tube Q6 and the eighth switching tube Q8 are turned on and off at the same time, and the second switching tube Q2, the fourth switching tube Q4, the fifth switching tube Q5 and the seventh switching tube Q7 are turned on and off at the same time, so that the first conversion module and the second conversion module are configured to form a two-phase switched capacitor converter. Compared with a single-phase switched capacitor conversion circuit, the double-phase switched capacitor converter has smaller output ripples and higher efficiency.
In one embodiment, if the battery branch 30 is in the pre-charge mode, the first switching module 31 is configured as a linear regulator to output an adjustable current. That is, in the pre-charge state, the switching tube Q31 operates in saturation, and can be regarded as a constant current source.
The first switching module 31 is configured to be fully conductive if the battery branch 30 is in the constant current charging mode. At this time, the current output at the fourth voltage terminal Vbat is determined by the conduction degree of the switching tube Q31, and the gate voltage of the switching tube Q31 can be controlled by the third control unit U3 to control the conduction degree of the switching tube Q31, thereby realizing the control of the output current of the switching tube Q31 and the overcurrent protection.
If the battery branch 30 is in the constant voltage charging mode, the first switching module 31 is configured as a linear regulator to output an adjustable voltage. The third control unit U3 controls the gate voltage of the switching tube Q31 to control the conduction degree of the switching tube Q31, so that the voltage at the fourth voltage terminal Vbat can be quickly adjusted.
In one embodiment, if the second voltage terminal Vin2 is connected to a second voltage source, and the second voltage source is a power source with a fixed output voltage (e.g. 5V), the first isolating switch tube QS1 is controlled to turn off. And the first conversion module is configured as a three-level boost converter and the second conversion module is configured to operate in a 2:1 charge pump mode.
When the battery branch 30 is not in the pre-charge state, the voltage at the first voltage terminal Vin1 is equal to the voltage of the battery branch 30 plus the minimum voltage drop of the first switch module 31 (i.e., the voltage drop when the switch Q31 is fully turned on).
When the battery is in the pre-charge state, the voltage at the first voltage terminal Vin1 is twice the minimum voltage required by the external system connected to the third voltage terminal Vsys, so as to ensure the voltage drop at the first switch module 31 to be minimized and the power loss thereof to be reduced.
In an embodiment, if the second voltage terminal Vin2 is connected to a second voltage source, and the second voltage source is a power source with an adjustable output voltage, the first isolating switch tube QS1 is controlled to be turned on. The output voltage of the second voltage terminal Vin2 is adjusted to a voltage equal to an operation voltage required by an external system connected to the third voltage terminal Vsys. If the battery branch 30 is not in the precharge mode, the operation voltage required for the external system connected to the third voltage terminal Vsys is configured to be half of the voltage of the battery branch 30. At this time, the module formed by the first conversion module, the second conversion module and the first isolating switch tube QS1 is configured to operate in a two-phase switched capacitor 1:2 charge pump mode, so that the battery branch 30 is charged through the output (Vin 1) of the two-phase switched capacitor converter while the system is powered through Vsys by an adjustable second voltage source.
If the battery branch 30 is in the pre-charge mode, the voltage of the third voltage terminal Vsys is configured as the minimum voltage of the operation voltage required by the external system connected to the third voltage terminal Vsys, so as to ensure that the voltage drop on the first switch module 31 is minimized and the power loss thereof is reduced. And, the module formed by the first conversion module, the second conversion module and the first isolating switch tube QS1 is configured to operate in a 1:2 charge pump mode to supply power to the battery branch 30.
In one embodiment, if the first voltage terminal Vin1 is connected to a first voltage source, and the first voltage source is a power source with an adjustable output voltage, the battery branch can be directly charged through the first switch module 31. At this time, the first isolating switch tube QS1 is controlled to be turned on, and a module formed by the first switching module, the second switching module and the first isolating switch tube QS1 is configured to operate in a 2:1 charge pump mode to supply power to an external system connected to the third voltage terminal Vsys.
In one embodiment, if the first voltage terminal Vin1 is connected to a first voltage source, the first voltage source is a power source with an adjustable output voltage, and the voltage of the first voltage source is lower than two times of the minimum operating voltage of the external system connected to the third voltage terminal Vsys. And when the battery branch 30 is in the pre-charge mode, the first isolating switch tube QS1 is controlled to be turned on, and then the first switch module 31 is configured as a linear regulator to charge the battery branch 30. Meanwhile, the first conversion module is configured as a three-level buck converter to supply an external system connected to the third voltage terminal Vsys through a first isolating switch tube QS 1. And, each switch in the second conversion module is configured to be turned off.
When the battery branch 30 is in the pre-charge state, the first voltage source may be adjusted to a level lower than twice the minimum operating voltage required by the external system connected to the third voltage terminal Vsys. In response to this system configuration, the output voltage of the first voltage terminal Vin1 may be adjusted to be slightly higher than the voltage of the battery branch 30, thereby minimizing power consumption in the first switching module 31 during the pre-charge state of the battery branch 30. Furthermore, only the first switching module is enabled, the first isolating switch tube QS1 is turned on, and the first switching module acts as a three-level buck converter to provide the minimum operating voltage of the external system at the third voltage terminal Vsys through the first isolating switch tube QS 1. The second conversion module remains off. The second conversion module is enabled once the voltage of the battery branch 30 reaches twice the minimum operating voltage of the external system. The first conversion module, the second conversion module and the first isolating switch tube QS1 form a two-phase switched capacitor converter. The two-phase switched capacitor converter operates in a 2:1 charge pump mode to power an external system connected to the third voltage terminal Vsys.
In one embodiment, if the first voltage terminal Vin1 is connected to the first voltage source, and the second voltage terminal Vin2 is connected to the second voltage source. The charging circuit can operate in three different modes of operation.
In one embodiment, the charging circuit operates in a first mode of operation. In the first operation mode, the voltage of the first voltage source is greater than or equal to the maximum voltage of the battery branch 30, and the voltage of the second voltage source is equal to the working voltage of the external system, so that the first isolating switch tube QS1 is controlled to be turned on.
In the first operation mode, the input voltage of the first voltage terminal Vin1 is adjustable within a range covering the voltage of the battery branch 30. Throughout the charging process of the battery branch 30, the input voltage of the second voltage terminal Vin2 is adjusted to a voltage equal to the voltage of the external system connected to the third voltage terminal Vsys. The first disconnector tube QS1 is switched on. The first conversion module, the second conversion module and the first isolating switch tube QS1 form a two-phase switched capacitor converter to charge the battery branch 30.
In one embodiment, the charging circuit operates in the second mode of operation. In the second operation mode, the voltage of the first voltage source is two times of the external system operating voltage connected to the third voltage terminal Vsys, and the voltage of the second voltage source is the fixed output voltage, so that the first isolating switch tube QS1 is controlled to be turned off. Wherein the first conversion module is configured as a three-level boost converter and the second conversion module is configured to operate in a 2:1 charge pump mode.
In the second operation mode, the input voltage of the first voltage terminal Vin1 is adjustable, and the voltage covers a range equal to twice the operating voltage of the external system. The input voltage of the second voltage terminal Vin2 is a fixed voltage (e.g., 5V). The first disconnector pipe QS1 is closed. The first conversion module is configured as a three-level boost converter providing power to the battery branch 30 and the second conversion module. The second conversion module operates in a 2:1 charge pump mode to provide an operating voltage to the external system at the third voltage terminal Vsys.
In one embodiment, the charging circuit operates in a third mode of operation. In a third operation mode, the voltage of the first voltage source is an adjustable output voltage, and the voltage of the second voltage source is a fixed output voltage, so that the first isolation switch tube is controlled to be turned off. Wherein the first conversion module is configured as a three-level boost converter and the second conversion module is configured to operate in a 2:1 charge pump mode, and the voltage of the first voltage source is adjusted to twice the operating voltage of the external system. And if the maximum voltage of the first voltage source is reached, disconnecting the first voltage source from the first voltage end.
In a third mode of operation, the voltage of the first voltage source is adjustable. The adjustable power voltage of the first voltage terminal Vin1 cannot cover the voltage range of the battery branch 30, and the input voltage of the second voltage terminal Vin2 is a fixed voltage (e.g., 5V). The first disconnector pipe QS1 is closed. The first conversion module is configured as a three-level boost converter. The second conversion module operates in a 2:1 charge pump mode to provide an operating voltage to the external system at the third voltage terminal Vsys. The input voltage of the first voltage terminal Vin1 is adjusted to a voltage level equal to twice the operating voltage of the external system until the first voltage source reaches its maximum voltage. When the first voltage source reaches its maximum voltage, the first voltage source is disconnected from the first voltage terminal Vin 1. After the first voltage source is disconnected from the first voltage terminal Vin1, the second voltage source continues to charge the battery branch 30.
In one embodiment, if the charging circuit operates in the battery mode, the first isolating switch tube QS1 is controlled to be turned on. The module formed by the first conversion module, the second conversion module and the first isolating switch tube QS1 is configured to operate in a 2:1 charge pump mode, so that the voltage at the third voltage terminal Vsys is half of the voltage across the battery branch 30.
When the charging circuit operates in the battery mode, the first isolating switch tube QS1 is turned on. The first conversion module, the second conversion module and the first isolating switch tube QS1 form a two-phase switched capacitor converter to provide a working voltage for an external system at a third voltage terminal Vsys. The voltage at the third voltage terminal Vsys is equal to one-half of the voltage across the battery branch 30. In this system configuration, the first inductor L1 does not generate power loss.
In this embodiment, the switching tube Q31 in the first switching module 31 is controlled to be fully conductive to achieve minimized power loss. It should be noted that the current flowing through the switch Q31 is equal to half the current flowing through the isolation switch 118 shown in fig. 1. As such, the power consumption of the switching tube Q31 is one fourth of the power consumption of the isolation switch 118. Thus, unnecessary power loss can be reduced, which is advantageous for extending the battery operating time.
In an embodiment, if the charging circuit operates in the OTG mode, the first isolating switch tube QS1 is controlled to be turned off. Wherein the first conversion module is configured as a three-level buck converter with the first voltage terminal Vin1 as an input and the second voltage terminal Vin2 as an output, and the second conversion module is configured to operate as an external system power supply connected to the third voltage terminal Vsys in a 2:1 charge pump mode.
In response to The On-The-go (otg) mode, The first isolating switch tube QS1 is turned off. The first conversion module is configured as a three-level buck converter to provide an OTG voltage (e.g., a 5.1VOTG voltage). The second conversion module is configured to operate in a 2:1 charge pump mode to provide an operating voltage to the external system at the third voltage terminal Vsys.
In one embodiment, if the charging circuit operates in the transportation mode, the first switch Q1 and the fifth switch Q5 are controlled to be turned off.
The charging circuit can operate in a transportation mode, and the transportation mode can be realized by turning off the first switching tube Q1 and the fifth switching tube Q5. In the transport mode, the second control unit U2 is supplied with power by the battery branch 30 with the smallest current consumption. When the USB input, wireless input, or I/O logic signal is applied to the second control unit U2, the charging circuit exits the transport mode.
In one embodiment, if the charging circuit operates in the system reset mode, the first switch Q1, the fifth switch Q2 and the first isolating switch QS1 are controlled to turn off to discharge the external system.
The system reset mode is a process of discharging the voltage on the third voltage terminal Vsys to zero volts. The third voltage terminal Vsys is held at zero volts for a predetermined time, and then the charging circuit reestablishes the voltage at the third voltage terminal Vsys using a soft start process. The system reset mode may be obtained by turning off the first switch Q1, the fifth switch Q2 and the first isolating switch QS1 to discharge the third voltage terminal Vsys. Once the predetermined time is reached, the voltage at the third voltage terminal Vsys may be re-established through the soft start process.
In an embodiment, if the midpoint M1 of the first switching branch 21 is connected to the third voltage source, the first isolating switch Q1 and the seventh switch Q7 are controlled to be turned off, and the fifth switch Q5, the sixth switch Q6 and the eighth switch Q8 are controlled to be turned on. Wherein the first conversion module is configured to operate in a 1:2 charge pump mode such that the voltage of the third voltage source is half of the voltage on the third voltage terminal Vsys.
In this embodiment, the midpoint M1 of the first switching leg 21 may be used as an input, and the third voltage terminal Vsys may be used as an output. The first switching module 31 is not used. In this system configuration, the first and seventh isolating switching tubes QS1 and Q7 are configured to be off. The fifth switch Q5, the sixth switch Q6 and the eighth switch Q8 are configured to be conducted. The first conversion module is configured to operate in a 1:2 charge pump mode. The voltage on the third voltage terminal Vsys is equal to twice the output voltage of the voltage source coupled to the midpoint M1 of the first switching leg.
In an embodiment, if the midpoint M1 of the first switching branch 21 is connected to a third voltage source, the first isolating switch Q1 and the third switch Q3 are controlled to be turned off, and the first switch Q1, the second switch Q2 and the fourth switch Q4 are controlled to be turned on. Wherein the second conversion module is configured to operate in a 2:1 charge pump mode such that the voltage of the third voltage source is twice the voltage on the third voltage terminal Vsys.
In this embodiment, the midpoint M1 of the first switching leg 21 may be used as an input, and the third voltage terminal Vsys may be used as an output. The first switching module 31 is not used. In this system configuration, the first isolation switching tube QS1 and the third switching tube Q3 are configured to be turned off. The first switch transistor Q1, the second switch transistor Q2 and the fourth switch transistor Q4 are configured to be conducted. The second conversion module is configured to operate in a 2:1 charge pump mode. The voltage on the third voltage terminal Vsys is equal to half the output voltage of the voltage source coupled to the midpoint M1 of the first switching leg 21.
In one embodiment, please refer to fig. 4 and 5 together. The charging circuit has two types of input sources, namely a USB input and a wireless input. If there is a large surge voltage at the VBUS terminal or a wireless input is selected, the USB input source connected to the fifth voltage terminal VBUS is disconnected from the charging circuit using the USB overvoltage protection unit U5 in the signal selection module 32. The USB overvoltage protection module U5 includes a switch element, which is controlled by the fast charge control unit U4 to switch the fifth voltage terminal VBUS to the second input terminal Vin 2. The second and third isolating switch tubes QS2 and QS3 each include two transistors connected back to back. The second isolating switch tube QS2 or the third isolating switch tube QS3 may enable the USB power to be directly applied to the first voltage terminal Vin1 or the fourth voltage terminal Vbat, and the USB power does not need to pass through the USB overvoltage protection unit U5 and the first inductor L1, so that a better charging efficiency may be achieved. In one embodiment, the USB overvoltage protection unit U5 may be a USB OVP chip.
In an embodiment, the ninth switch Q9 may enable the sixth voltage terminal VWPC (i.e., the wireless charging input terminal) to be connected to or disconnected from the first voltage terminal Vin 1. The fast charge control unit U4 is a fast charge protocol controller or Application Processor (Application Processor) of the system. The fast charge control unit U4 can detect the input power and the USB adapter type to decide which input of the first voltage terminal Vin1 or the second voltage terminal Vin2 the USB input should be applied to. The USB adapter comprises BC1.2, DCP and other adjustable voltage quick-charging travel adapters.
Specifically, if the adapter applied at the VBUS port has an adjustable output voltage of 3.6V to 5.5V, and the step of the adjustable output voltage is not more than 20mV or the adapter has a fixed voltage (e.g., 5V), the USB overvoltage protection unit U5 is turned on and the charging circuit is powered by the voltage on the second voltage terminal Vin 2. If the adapter applied at the VBUS port has an adjustable voltage from 5V to 10V, and the step of this adjustable voltage is not more than 20mV, the second or third isolating switch QS2 or QS3 is turned on, connecting the fifth voltage port VBUS and the first voltage port Vin, and the charging circuit is powered by the voltage on the first voltage terminal Vin 1. When it is detected that the external wireless power transmission system has an output and the output voltage thereof can be adjusted in a step of not more than 20mV within the range of 5V to 10V, the ninth switching tube Q9 is turned on to connect the sixth voltage terminal VWPC (wireless charging input) and the first voltage port Vin. The charging circuit is powered by the voltage at the first voltage terminal Vin 1. When both wireless charging and USB adapter are present, the charging circuit may be powered by both the USB adapter and the wireless charging receiver. For example, the USB adapter may provide a fixed voltage (e.g., 5V) and be applied to the charging circuit through the USB over-voltage protection unit U5 and the second voltage port Vin 2. The adjustable wireless output voltage outputted by the wireless charging receiver is inputted from the sixth voltage terminal VWPC and is applied to the charging circuit through the ninth switching tube Q9.
It should be noted that, in the embodiments shown in fig. 3, fig. 4, or fig. 5, the charging circuit includes a plurality of control units, such as the first control unit U1, the second control unit U2, and the third control unit U3, for example. In other embodiments, the charging circuit may include only one control unit, which is capable of controlling each switching tube of the charging circuit. The number of the control units is not particularly limited in the embodiments of the present application.
An embodiment of the present application further provides an integrated chip, where the integrated chip includes the charging circuit in any of the above embodiments.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, and not to limit the same; within the context of the present application, where technical features in the above embodiments or in different embodiments can also be combined, the steps can be implemented in any order and there are many other variations of the different aspects of the present application as described above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of brevity; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims (20)

1. A charging circuit, comprising:
the system comprises a first conversion module, a second conversion module, a first switch module and a first isolating switch;
the first conversion module includes:
the circuit comprises a first inductor, a first capacitor and a first switch branch, wherein the first switch branch comprises a first switch, a second switch, a third switch and a fourth switch which are sequentially connected in series;
the first switch branch is connected between a first voltage end and ground, the first inductor is connected between a second voltage end and a midpoint of the first switch branch, and the first capacitor is connected between a first node between the first switch and the second switch and a second node between the third switch and the fourth switch;
the second conversion module includes:
the second switch branch circuit comprises a fifth switch, a sixth switch, a seventh switch and an eighth switch which are sequentially connected in series, and the second switch branch circuit is connected with the first switch branch circuit in parallel;
the second switch branch is connected between a first voltage end and the ground, a midpoint of the second switch branch is connected with a third voltage end, the first isolating switch is connected between the midpoint of the first switch branch and the midpoint of the second switch branch, and the second capacitor is connected between a third node between the fifth switch and the sixth switch and a fourth node between the seventh switch and the eighth switch;
the first voltage end is used for inputting a first voltage source, and the first voltage end is further connected with a fourth voltage end through the first switch module, wherein the fourth voltage end is used for being connected with an external battery branch, the first voltage end is connected with the first switch branch and the second switch branch, and the battery branch comprises at least two battery cores connected in series.
2. The charging circuit of claim 1,
the second voltage end is used for inputting a second voltage source, and the third voltage end is used for being connected with an external system.
3. The charging circuit of claim 2,
the first switching module is configured as a linear regulator to output an adjustable current if the battery branch is in a pre-charge mode;
the first switch module is configured to be fully turned on if the battery branch is in a constant current charging mode;
if the battery branch is in a constant voltage charging mode, the first switch module is configured as a linear voltage regulator to output an adjustable voltage.
4. The charging circuit of claim 2,
if the second voltage end is connected to the second voltage source, and the second voltage source is a power supply with fixed output voltage, controlling the first isolating switch to be switched off;
and the first conversion module is configured as a three-level boost converter and the second conversion module is configured to operate in a 2:1 charge pump mode.
5. The charging circuit of claim 2,
if the second voltage end is connected to the second voltage source, and the second voltage source is a power supply with adjustable output voltage, controlling the first isolating switch to be conducted;
and the module formed by the first conversion module, the second conversion module and the first isolating switch is configured to operate in a 1:2 charge pump mode.
6. The charging circuit of claim 2,
if the first voltage end is connected to the first voltage source, and the first voltage source is a power supply with adjustable output voltage, controlling the first isolating switch to be conducted;
and the module formed by the first conversion module, the second conversion module and the first isolating switch is configured to operate in a 2:1 charge pump mode.
7. The charging circuit of claim 2,
if the first voltage terminal is connected to the first voltage source, the first voltage source is a power supply with adjustable output voltage, the voltage of the first voltage source is lower than twice of the minimum working voltage of the external system, and the first isolating switch is controlled to be conducted when the battery branch circuit is in a pre-charging mode,
the first switching module is configured as a linear regulator to charge the battery branch;
the first conversion module is configured as a three-level buck converter to supply power to the external system through the first isolation switch;
each switch in the second conversion module is configured to be turned off.
8. The charging circuit of claim 2,
and if the first voltage end is connected with the first voltage source, the second voltage end is connected with the second voltage source, the voltage of the first voltage source is greater than or equal to the maximum voltage of the battery branch circuit, and the voltage of the second voltage source is equal to the working voltage of the external system, the first isolating switch is controlled to be switched on.
9. The charging circuit of claim 2,
if the first voltage end is connected with the first voltage source, the second voltage end is connected with the second voltage source, the voltage of the first voltage source is twice of the working voltage of the external system, and the voltage of the second voltage source is a fixed output voltage, the first isolating switch is controlled to be turned off;
wherein the first conversion module is configured as a three-level boost converter and the second conversion module is configured to operate in a 2:1 charge pump mode.
10. The charging circuit of claim 2,
if the first voltage end is connected with the first voltage source, the second voltage end is connected with the second voltage source, the voltage of the first voltage source is adjustable output voltage, and the voltage of the second voltage source is fixed output voltage, the first isolating switch is controlled to be switched off;
wherein the first conversion module is configured as a three-level boost converter and the second conversion module is configured to operate in a 2:1 charge pump mode and to adjust the voltage of the first voltage source to twice the operating voltage of the external system;
and if the first voltage source reaches the maximum voltage, disconnecting the first voltage source from the first voltage end.
11. The charging circuit of claim 2,
if the charging circuit works in a battery mode, controlling the first isolating switch to be conducted;
wherein a module formed by the first conversion module, the second conversion module, and the first isolation switch is configured to operate in a 2:1 charge pump mode such that the voltage at the third voltage terminal is half of the voltage across the battery branch.
12. The charging circuit of claim 2,
if the charging circuit works in an OTG mode, controlling the first isolating switch to be switched off;
wherein the first conversion module is configured as a three-level buck converter and the second conversion module is configured to operate in a 2:1 charge pump mode.
13. The charging circuit of claim 2,
and if the charging circuit works in a system reset mode, controlling the first switch, the fifth switch and the first isolating switch to be switched off so as to discharge the external system.
14. The charging circuit of claim 1,
if the midpoint of the first switch branch is connected to a third voltage source, the first isolating switch and the seventh switch are controlled to be turned off, and the fifth switch, the sixth switch and the eighth switch are controlled to be turned on;
wherein the first conversion module is configured to operate in a 1:2 charge pump mode such that the voltage on the third voltage terminal is twice the voltage of the third voltage source.
15. The charging circuit of claim 1,
if the middle point of the first switch branch is connected with a third voltage source, the first isolating switch and the third switch are controlled to be turned off, and the first switch, the second switch and the fourth switch are controlled to be turned on;
wherein the second conversion module is configured to operate in a 2:1 charge pump mode such that the voltage on the third voltage terminal is half the voltage of the third voltage source.
16. The charging circuit of claim 2,
the charging circuit further comprises a signal selection module;
the signal selection module is respectively connected with a fifth voltage end, the first voltage end and the second voltage end, and is used for controlling input signals of the first voltage end and the second voltage end according to input signals of the fifth voltage end;
the signal selection module comprises a USB overvoltage protection unit and a quick charge control unit;
the USB overvoltage protection unit is connected between the fifth voltage end and the second voltage end, and the quick charge control unit is connected with the fifth voltage end and the USB overvoltage protection unit.
17. The charging circuit of claim 16,
the signal selection module further comprises a second isolating switch;
the second isolating switch is connected between the fifth voltage end and the first voltage end, and the second isolating switch is connected with the quick charge control unit.
18. The charging circuit of claim 16,
the signal selection module further comprises a third isolating switch;
the third isolating switch is connected between the fifth voltage end and the fourth voltage end, and the third isolating switch is connected with the quick charge control unit.
19. The charging circuit according to any one of claims 16 to 18,
the signal selection module further comprises a ninth switch;
the ninth switch is connected between a sixth voltage end and the first voltage end, and the ninth switch is connected with the quick charging control unit, wherein the sixth voltage end is a wireless charging input end.
20. An integrated chip comprising a charging circuit as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 19.
CN202111125498.0A 2021-09-26 2021-09-26 Charging circuit and integrated chip Active CN113572242B (en)

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Address after: Unit 305-308, block A8, qiandenghu venture capital town, no.6, Guilan North Road, Guicheng Street, Nanhai District, Foshan City, Guangdong Province, 528000

Patentee after: Xidi Microelectronics Group Co.,Ltd.

Address before: Unit 305-308, block A8, qiandenghu venture capital town, no.6, Guilan North Road, Guicheng Street, Nanhai District, Foshan City, Guangdong Province, 528000

Patentee before: Guangdong Xidi Microelectronics Co.,Ltd.