CN117954844B - Reconfigurable electromagnetic compatibility test antenna - Google Patents
Reconfigurable electromagnetic compatibility test antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN117954844B CN117954844B CN202410347848.5A CN202410347848A CN117954844B CN 117954844 B CN117954844 B CN 117954844B CN 202410347848 A CN202410347848 A CN 202410347848A CN 117954844 B CN117954844 B CN 117954844B
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 101
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012811 non-conductive material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
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Abstract
The reconfigurable electromagnetic compatibility test antenna mainly comprises a main pole plate (2), a left pole plate (3), a right pole plate (4) and a grounding plate (10), wherein the left pole plate (3) and the right pole plate (4) can be respectively unfolded towards two sides of the main pole plate (2) and form three antennas of the main antenna, the left antenna and the right antenna together with the grounding plate (10); the distances from the main pole plate (2), the left pole plate (3) and the right pole plate (3) to the surface of the grounding plate (10) can be independently adjusted, the pole plates comprise a base plate, a plurality of rear plates and a plurality of front plates, and the rear plates and the front plates are sequentially connected with the base plate through detachable bolts. The antenna has high gain, strong field intensity uniformity in the transverse and vertical directions of the tested area, wide working frequency band, small size, light weight, flexible and convenient use, expandability, high-frequency end still has higher caliber and radiation efficiency, no lobe splitting phenomenon, reduced coupling and reduced cost of the testing device and testing operation cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to electromagnetic compatibility testing, in particular to a reconfigurable electromagnetic compatibility testing antenna.
Background
Electromagnetic compatibility testing aims to verify the sensitivity of the electrical and electronic products or systems under test (collectively referred to as test pieces) to external electromagnetic fields. In the test, the transmitting antenna needs to generate an electromagnetic field with the frequency meeting the test standard requirement and the field strength uniform amplitude meeting the requirement in the region of the tested piece. According to the test standard ISO 11451-2 (part 2 of the method for testing the immunity of road vehicles to narrowband radiated electromagnetic energy: the method for external radiation sources), the field generating device for testing needs 20MHz to 18GHz of working frequency band for testing the transmitting antenna.
When the test operating frequency is relatively high, the size of the antenna is small, and the available antenna and antenna array form are relatively large. However, at relatively low operating frequencies, particularly in the 20MHz to 220MHz frequency range, the available antenna size is large. The conventional log-periodic broadband antenna for electromagnetic compatibility test can be theoretically used for any frequency band and has any wide working frequency band, but is limited by practical use environment, and the size of the antenna cannot be very large, so that the antenna cannot have theoretical performance. The lowest working frequency of the wideband log-periodic antenna used for the test is 80MHz, if the wideband log-periodic antenna with larger size is adopted, the lowest working frequency of the antenna can reach 20MHz, but at the moment, the size of the log-periodic antenna oscillator is very large, the height of the antenna is more than seven meters, the erection height of the antenna is very high, and the use is very inconvenient. At low frequencies, the gain of the antenna is relatively low.
The test area is a solid space area covering the test piece and comprises dimensions in the longitudinal direction, the transverse direction and the vertical direction. The larger the test piece, the larger the test area. The electromagnetic compatibility test of the vehicle requires a large tested area and has high difficulty in maintaining the field strength uniformity of the tested area. At a frequency of 20MHz, the wavelength is 15 meters, the region under test is effectively the near region of the antenna, and the electromagnetic field of the region under test is the near field. The electromagnetic field of the near zone has an induced field in addition to the radiated field. In large test areas, maintaining uniformity of field strength is difficult. This is because the field strength of the radiated field of the antenna decays along the longitudinal distance, inversely proportional to the distance in the far zone and inversely proportional to the square or third power of the distance in the near zone. The lateral uniformity and the vertical uniformity of the tested area are better in the far area of the antenna than in the near area of the antenna. In the near region of the antenna, the distances from different transverse positions to the antenna are relatively different, so that the influence on the field strength uniformity of a tested area is great, and particularly the influence on the non-planar omnidirectional antenna such as a gradual change slot antenna is great. In order to improve the uniformity of the field intensity of the tested area, one method is to make the tested area far away from the test antenna, but at this time, the radiation power density of the tested area where the tested piece is located is reduced due to the far distance, so that the power efficiency is low. When the working frequency band of the gradual change slot line antenna is particularly wide, at the high end of the working frequency, the electric width of the opening of the antenna is very wide, so that a higher-order mode is easy to excite, the caliber efficiency and the gain of the antenna are reduced, and even the lobe is split, therefore, the practical working bandwidth of the gradual change slot line test antenna is far smaller than the impedance bandwidth of the gradual change slot line antenna after the lobe characteristic is considered.
In practical testing, when the measured frequency is from 20 MHz to 18 GHz, a plurality of test antennas are often needed to meet the requirement, if one test antenna is needed, the antenna is very large in size due to the very long wavelength at low frequency, and the loss of the antenna is very large at high frequency operation, so that the radiation efficiency is very low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a reconfigurable electromagnetic compatibility test antenna, which can improve the gain of the antenna, improve the field intensity uniformity in the transverse and vertical directions of a tested area and improve the power efficiency; secondly, the problems of high-frequency port diameter efficiency and gain reduction and lobe splitting during ultra-wideband operation can be solved; the problem of low radiation efficiency of the ultra-wideband antenna at high frequency can be solved.
The reconfigurable electromagnetic compatibility test antenna comprises a grounding plate frame, a main pole plate, a left pole plate, a right pole plate and a connector; the ground plate frame comprises a ground plate and a plurality of guide wheels; the grounding plate, the main pole plate, the left pole plate and the right pole plate are made of materials with good electric conductivity; the left polar plate and the right polar plate are respectively positioned at two sides of the main polar plate, the left polar plate and the right polar plate are overlapped with the main polar plate in a flat state, and the left polar plate and the right polar plate can be respectively unfolded towards two sides along the normal direction of the main polar plate to form three antennas of a main antenna, a left antenna and a right antenna during testing so as to enlarge the coverage range of a testing area and reduce the working frequency of the antennas; when the antenna is unfolded, the main pole plate is perpendicular to the grounding plate, the main pole plate and the grounding plate form two poles of the main antenna, the left pole plate is perpendicular to the grounding plate, the left pole plate and the grounding plate form two poles of the left antenna, the right pole plate is perpendicular to the grounding plate, and the right pole plate and the grounding plate form two poles of the right antenna; the main antenna, the left antenna and the right antenna have the same beam direction and polarization direction; the distances between the left polar plate and the right polar plate are the same as those between the main polar plate; the distance between the left polar plate and the main polar plate is approximately equal to half of the transverse dimension of the tested area, but not more than half of the testing wavelength;
When the antenna works, the conductor plate connects the left antenna input end of the left polar plate and the right antenna input end of the right polar plate with the main antenna input end of the main polar plate respectively;
the transverse distance between the left polar plate and the right polar plate and the main polar plate and the front-back distance can be adjusted;
The distances from the main pole plate, the left pole plate and the right pole plate to the upper surface of the grounding plate can be independently adjusted, and the impedance of the main antenna, the left antenna and the right antenna can be respectively adjusted so as to meet the antenna impedance matching adjustment requirement caused by direct coupling of the main antenna, the left antenna and the right antenna when different unfolding distances are met;
The main pole plate comprises a main pole plate substrate, a plurality of main pole plate rear plates and a plurality of main pole plate front plates; the plurality of main pole plate rear plates and the plurality of main pole plate front plates are sequentially connected and installed with the main pole plate base plate through detachable bolts, so that electrical connection and stable structure are ensured; when the test frequency is high, all the main pole plate rear plates and all the main pole plate front plates are detached, and only the main pole plate substrate is reserved, so that the conductor loss of the antenna is reduced, and the weight of the antenna is reduced; the frequency of the test frequency range is gradually reduced, the main pole plate rear plates and the main pole plate front plates are sequentially arranged one by one, and in the test frequency range with the lowest frequency, all the main pole plate rear plates and all the main pole plate front plates are arranged on the main pole plate substrate;
The left polar plate comprises a left polar plate substrate, a plurality of left polar plate rear plates and a plurality of left polar plate front plates; the plurality of left polar plate rear plates and the plurality of left polar plate front plates are sequentially connected and installed with the left polar plate base plate through detachable bolts, so that electrical connection and stable structure are ensured; when the test frequency is high, detaching all the rear plates of the left polar plates and all the front plates of the left polar plates, and only reserving the base plates of the left polar plates; the frequency of the test frequency band is gradually reduced, a left polar plate back plate and a left polar plate front plate are sequentially arranged one by one, and all the left polar plate back plates and all the left polar plate front plates are arranged on a left polar plate substrate in the test frequency band with the lowest frequency;
The right polar plate comprises a right polar plate substrate, a plurality of right polar plate rear plates and a plurality of right polar plate front plates; the plurality of right polar plate rear plates and the plurality of right polar plate front plates are sequentially connected and installed with the right polar plate base plate through detachable bolts, so that electrical connection and stable structure are ensured; when the test frequency is high, all the right polar plate rear plates and all the right polar plate front plates are disassembled, and only the right polar plate substrate is reserved; the frequency of the test frequency band is gradually reduced, a right polar plate back plate and a right polar plate front plate are sequentially arranged one by one, and all right polar plate back plates and all right polar plate front plates are arranged on a right polar plate substrate in the test frequency band with the lowest frequency;
The length of the vertical projection of the main pole plate, the left pole plate and the right pole plate on the plane of the grounding plate is larger than one quarter of the maximum working wavelength;
At the main antenna input end of the main polar plate substrate, the inner conductor of the joint is connected with the left polar plate, and the outer conductor of the joint is connected with the grounding plate; the surface of the ground plate is planar, and in operation, the ground plate is in electrical contact with the ground.
The shape and the size of the left polar plate and the right polar plate are the same as those of the main polar plate.
When the main polar plate is not arranged, the main polar plate substrate is one pole of the gradual change slot line antenna, and the mirror image of the main polar plate substrate on the grounding plate is the other pole of the gradual change slot line antenna; the shape of the main polar plate substrate is a curved polygon; the main polar plate substrate is nearest to the grounding plate and is a parallel edge which is a straight line and parallel to the grounding plate, one end of the parallel edge, which is close to the input end of the antenna, is connected with the near-end vertical edge, and the other end of the parallel edge is connected with the radiation edge; the shape of the radiating edge is an exponential curve, a square curve, a straight line or a piecewise straight line, the distance from one end of the radiating edge connected with the parallel edge to the grounding plate is nearest, the other end of the radiating edge is connected with one end of the far-end vertical edge, at the position, the distance from the radiating edge to the grounding plate is farthest, and the opening of the gradual change slot line is largest; the proximal vertical edge and the distal vertical edge are perpendicular to the ground plate, and both ends of the distal parallel edge are connected to ends of the proximal vertical edge and the distal vertical edge, respectively, which are distant from the ground plate.
The shape of the rear plate of the main plate is a curved quadrilateral, wherein a pair of opposite sides are parallel edges, and the length of the parallel edges close to the main plate is smaller than that of the parallel edges far from the main plate; when a plurality of main pole plate rear plates are connected together, the long parallel edge of one main pole plate rear plate is close to the short parallel edge of the other main pole plate rear plate, and is far away from the long parallel edge, and the plurality of main pole plate rear plates connected together form a large curved quadrilateral shape; the farther from the ground plate, the farther the two sides of the large curved edge quadrilateral are from each other.
The shape of the front plate of the main polar plate is a curved quadrilateral, wherein a pair of two opposite sides are parallel edges, and one of the outward side is exponential; the length of the parallel edge near the main pole plate is smaller than the length of the parallel edge far from the main pole plate; when a plurality of main pole plate front plates are connected together, the long parallel edge of one main pole plate front plate is close to the short parallel edge of the other main pole plate front plate and is far away from the long parallel edge, and the plurality of main pole plate front plates connected together form a large curved quadrilateral shape; the farther from the ground plate, the farther the two curved sides of the large curved quadrilateral are from each other.
The guide wheel is reversible, and when the test darkroom is in operation, the guide wheel is turned over to the upper surface of the grounding plate, so that the grounding plate is in electrical contact with the ground of the test darkroom; when moving, the guide wheel turns over to the lower side of the grounding plate, so that the whole antenna can move conveniently.
The guide wheel enables the antenna to move easily, so that the antenna can move to the optimal test position, and the test work is greatly facilitated. When the device works, the guide wheel is turned over to the upper surface of the grounding plate, so that the grounding plate is in electrical contact with the test darkroom, the whole darkroom ground can be fully utilized as the grounding surface of the antenna, and the effect of a large grounding plate can be achieved by using a small grounding plate area; the antenna has the advantages that the radiation performance of the antenna is guaranteed, the height of the antenna is reduced, the antenna can be very close to a tested piece, the distance attenuation is reduced, the requirement on test transmitting power can be reduced, and meanwhile, the tested piece is guaranteed to be always in a main lobe of the antenna under the condition that the antenna is very close to the tested piece on the ground.
The bottoms of the main pole plate, the left pole plate and the right pole plate are respectively provided with a height adjusting device made of non-conductive materials, the main pole plate, the left pole plate and the right pole plate are respectively provided with a supporting structure made of non-conductive materials, and the bottoms of the left pole plate and the right pole plate are respectively provided with a sliding structure made of non-conductive materials. When unfolded, the main antenna, the left antenna and the right antenna form an array antenna, and the gain of the antenna is improved.
The detachable and mountable main pole plate back plate and main pole plate front plate of the main pole plate, the detachable and mountable left pole plate back plate and left pole plate front plate of the left pole plate, and the detachable and mountable right pole plate back plate and right pole plate front plate of the right pole plate enable the back plate and the front plate to be detached when working in a high frequency band, the size and the weight of the antenna are small, the use is convenient, the loss of the antenna can be reduced, the reduction of the radiation efficiency is avoided, the coupling among the main antenna, the left antenna and the right antenna is reduced, particularly, when the frequency is very high, the electric width of the antenna caliber is very wide, the situation that the mouth surface efficiency caused by a high order mode is low, even the lobe splits occurs is avoided, and the antenna can work in the frequency range of tens of octaves.
The main plate, the left plate and the right plate are coupled to each other due to the close distance, and particularly when the frequency is low, the coupling is stronger due to the small electrical distance. Coupling causes the impedance of the main antenna, the left antenna and the right antenna to differ from the impedance of a single antenna when free space exists, and the impedance of these antennas also changes when the frequency changes, which in turn causes the impedance of the entire antenna to change. The distances from the main pole plate, the left pole plate and the right pole plate to the upper surface of the grounding plate can be independently adjusted, so that the impedance of the main antenna, the left antenna and the right antenna can be respectively adjusted, and the impedance matching of the whole antenna in all working frequency bands is further ensured.
The main pole plate, the left pole plate and the right pole plate are fixed by a supporting frame, and the supporting frame is made of nonmetallic materials so as not to influence the performance of the antenna.
The beneficial effects are that: the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the whole antenna composed of the main antenna, the left antenna and the right antenna array can improve the gain of the antenna, improve the uniformity of the field intensity in the transverse and vertical directions of the tested area, improve the power efficiency and improve the strength of the electromagnetic field of the tested area; the transverse size of the equivalent caliber of the antenna is increased, so that the radiated electromagnetic wave presents the phase characteristic of plane waves in a tested area, a tested piece can be always positioned in the main beam of the antenna, the requirement on test transmitting power is reduced, the cost of a testing device and the test running cost are reduced, the test sufficiency and the repeatability are ensured, and the test precision is improved. The distances among the main antenna, the left antenna and the right antenna can be adjusted according to the test requirement; the input impedance of the main antenna, the left antenna and the right antenna can be independently adjusted so as to ensure the impedance matching of the whole antenna in all working frequency bands under different coupling conditions, reduce the lowest working frequency of the antenna and adjust the power ratio entering the main antenna, the left antenna and the right antenna. The back plate and the front plate which are detachably arranged can enable the working frequency range of the whole antenna to be switched in different frequency ranges, so that the antenna has expandability, the weight of the antenna in high-frequency working is reduced, the problems of high-frequency port diameter efficiency radiation efficiency and gain reduction and lobe splitting in ultra-wideband working are solved, the coupling is reduced, and the flexibility of the antenna in use is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a reconfigurable electromagnetic compatibility test antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a ground plane shelf of a reconfigurable electromagnetic compatibility test antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a primary antenna of the reconfigurable electromagnetic compatibility test antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a substrate of a reconfigurable electromagnetic compatibility test antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a back plate of the reconfigurable electromagnetic compatibility test antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a front plate of a reconfigurable electromagnetic compatibility test antenna of the present invention;
In the figure, there are ground plate frame 1, ground plate 10, guide wheel 11, main plate 2, main antenna input 201, parallel edge 202, radiating edge 203, distal vertical edge 204, proximal vertical edge 205, distal parallel edge 206, main plate substrate 20, main plate back plate 21, main plate front plate 22, left plate 3, left plate substrate 30, left antenna input 301, left plate back plate 31, left plate front plate 32, right plate 4, right plate substrate 40, right antenna input 401, right plate back plate 41, right plate front plate 42, joint 5, inner conductor 51, outer conductor 52, conductor plate 6, and bolt 61.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the invention will be given with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the invention to the specific embodiments.
The invention adopts the following embodiments: as shown in fig. 1 to 6, the reconfigurable electromagnetic compatibility test antenna includes a ground plate frame 1, a main plate 2, a left plate 3, a right plate 4, and a joint 5; the grounding plate frame 1 comprises a grounding plate 10 and a plurality of guide wheels 11; the grounding plate 10, the main pole plate 2, the left pole plate 3 and the right pole plate 4 are made of materials with good electric conductivity; the left polar plate 3 and the right polar plate 4 are respectively positioned at two sides of the main polar plate 2, the left polar plate 3, the right polar plate 4 and the main polar plate 2 are overlapped together at ordinary times, and when in test, the left polar plate 3 and the right polar plate 4 can be respectively unfolded along the normal direction of the main polar plate 2 towards two sides to form three antennas of a main antenna, a left antenna and a right antenna so as to enlarge the coverage range of a test area and reduce the working frequency of the antenna; when the antenna is unfolded, the main pole plate 2 is perpendicular to the grounding plate 10, the main pole plate 2 and the grounding plate 10 form two poles of the main antenna, the left pole plate 3 is perpendicular to the grounding plate 10, the left pole plate 3 and the grounding plate 10 form two poles of the left antenna, the right pole plate 4 is perpendicular to the grounding plate 10, and the right pole plate 4 and the grounding plate 10 form two poles of the right antenna; the main antenna, the left antenna and the right antenna have the same beam direction and polarization direction; the distance between the left polar plate 3 and the right polar plate 4 and the main polar plate 2 is the same; the distance between the left pole plate 3 and the main pole plate 2 is approximately equal to half of the transverse dimension of the tested area, but not more than half of the tested wavelength;
When the antenna works, the conductor plate 6 connects the left antenna input end 301 of the left polar plate 3 and the right antenna input end 401 of the right polar plate 4 with the main antenna input end 201 of the main polar plate 2 respectively;
the lateral distance between the left polar plate 3 and the right polar plate 3 and the main polar plate 2 can be adjusted, and the front-back distance can be adjusted;
The distances from the main pole plate 2, the left pole plate 3 and the right pole plate 3 to the upper surface of the grounding plate 10 can be independently adjusted, and the impedance of the main antenna, the left antenna and the right antenna can be respectively adjusted so as to meet the antenna impedance matching adjustment requirement caused by the direct coupling of the main antenna, the left antenna and the right antenna when different unfolding distances are met;
The main plate 2 includes a main plate substrate 20, a plurality of main plate rear plates 21, and a plurality of main plate front plates 22; the plurality of main pole plate rear plates 21 and the plurality of main pole plate front plates 22 are sequentially connected and installed with the main pole plate base plate 20 through the detachable bolts 61, so that electrical connection and stable structure are ensured; when the test frequency is high, all the main pole plate back plates 21 and all the main pole plate front plates 22 are detached, and only the main pole plate base plates 20 are reserved, so that the conductor loss of the antenna is reduced, and the weight of the antenna is reduced; the frequencies in the test frequency range are gradually reduced, the main pole plate back plates 21 and the main pole plate front plates 22 are sequentially arranged one by one, and in the test frequency range with the lowest frequency, all the main pole plate back plates 21 and all the main pole plate front plates 22 are arranged on the main pole plate base plate 20;
The left electrode plate 3 comprises a left electrode plate substrate 30, a plurality of left electrode plate rear plates 31 and a plurality of left electrode plate front plates 32; the plurality of left polar plate rear plates 31 and the plurality of left polar plate front plates 32 are sequentially connected and installed with the left polar plate substrate 30 through the detachable bolts 61, so that electrical connection and stable structure are ensured; when the test frequency is high, all the left polar plate rear plates 31 and all the left polar plate front plates 32 are detached, and only the left polar plate substrate 30 is reserved; the frequencies in the test frequency range are gradually reduced, the left electrode plate back plates 31 and the left electrode plate front plates 32 are sequentially arranged one by one, and in the test frequency range with the lowest frequency, all the left electrode plate back plates 31 and all the left electrode plate front plates 32 are arranged on the left electrode plate base plate 30;
the right electrode plate 4 comprises a right electrode plate substrate 40, a plurality of right electrode plate rear plates 41 and a plurality of right electrode plate front plates 42; the plurality of right pole plate rear plates 41 and the plurality of right pole plate front plates 42 are sequentially connected and installed with the right pole plate substrate 40 through the detachable bolts 61, so that electrical connection and stable structure are ensured; when the test frequency is high, all the right plate back plates 41 and all the right plate front plates 42 are disassembled, and only the right plate base plates 40 are reserved; the frequencies in the test frequency range are gradually reduced, the right electrode plate back plates 41 and the right electrode plate front plates 42 are sequentially arranged one by one, and in the test frequency range with the lowest frequency, all the right electrode plate back plates 41 and all the right electrode plate front plates 42 are arranged on the right electrode plate base plate 40;
As shown in fig. 2, the length of the vertical projection of the main pole plate 2, the left pole plate 3 and the right pole plate 3 on the plane of the grounding plate 10 is greater than one quarter of the maximum working wavelength;
as shown in fig. 3, at the main antenna input 201 of the main pole plate substrate 20, the inner conductor 51 of the joint 5 is connected to the left pole plate 20, and the outer conductor 52 of the joint 5 is connected to the ground plate 10; the surface of the ground plate 10 is planar and, in operation, the ground plate 10 is in electrical contact with the ground.
The shape and the size of the left polar plate 3 and the right polar plate 4 are the same as those of the main polar plate 2.
As shown in fig. 4, when the main plate 2 is not installed and the main plate rear plate 21 and the main plate front plate 22 are not installed, the main plate substrate 20 is one pole of the gradient slot line antenna, which is a mirror image of the ground plate 10, and is the other pole of the gradient slot line antenna; the shape of the main pole plate substrate 20 is a curved polygon; the main pole plate substrate is nearest to the ground plate 10 and is a parallel edge 202, the parallel edge 202 is straight and parallel to the ground plate 10, one end of the parallel edge 202 close to the input end 201 of the antenna is connected with a near-end vertical edge 205, and the other end of the parallel edge 202 is connected with a radiation edge 203; the shape of the radiating edge 203 is an exponential curve, a square curve, a straight line or a piecewise straight line, the end of the radiating edge 203 connected with the parallel edge 202 is closest to the ground plate 10, the other end of the radiating edge 203 is connected with the end of the distal vertical edge 204, at which point the radiating edge 203 is farthest from the ground plate 10, and the opening of the gradual slot line is largest; both the proximal vertical edge 205 and the distal vertical edge 204 are perpendicular to the ground plate 10, and the distal parallel edge 206 is connected at both ends to the ends of the proximal vertical edge 205 and the distal vertical edge 204, respectively, remote from the ground plate 10.
As shown in fig. 5, the main plate rear plate 21 is in the shape of a curved quadrilateral in which a pair of opposite sides are parallel edges, the length of the parallel edges near the main plate 2 being smaller than the length of the parallel edges far from the main plate 2; when the plurality of main pole plate rear plates 21 are connected together, the long parallel edge of one main pole plate rear plate 21 is close to the short parallel edge of the other main pole plate rear plate 21 and is far from the long parallel edge, and the plurality of main pole plate rear plates 21 connected together form a large curved quadrilateral shape; the farther from the ground plate 10, the farther the two sides of the large curved-edge quadrilateral are from each other.
As shown in fig. 6, the shape of the main pole plate front plate 22 is a curved quadrilateral in which a pair of opposed sides are parallel edges, and in which one of the outward side shapes is an index; the length of the parallel edge near the main plate 2 is smaller than the length of the parallel edge far from the main plate 2; when the plurality of main pole plate front plates 22 are connected together, the long parallel edge of one main pole plate front plate 22 is close to the short parallel edge of the other main pole plate front plate 22 and is far from the long parallel edge, and the plurality of main pole plate front plates 22 connected together form a large curved quadrilateral shape; the farther from the ground plate 10, the farther the two curved sides of the large curved-edge quadrilateral are.
The guide wheel 11 is reversible, and when in operation, the guide wheel 11 is turned over to the upper surface of the grounding plate 10, so that the grounding plate is kept in electrical contact with the ground of the test darkroom; when moving, the guide wheel 11 turns over to the lower surface of the grounding plate 10, so that the whole antenna can move conveniently.
The guide wheel 11 enables the antenna to be easy to move, so that the antenna can be moved to an optimal testing position, and testing work is greatly facilitated. When the device works, the guide wheel 11 turns over to the upper surface of the grounding plate 10, so that the grounding plate 10 is in electrical contact with the test darkroom, the whole darkroom ground can be fully utilized as the grounding surface of the antenna, and the effect of a large grounding surface can be achieved by using a small grounding plate 10 area; the antenna has the advantages that the radiation performance of the antenna is guaranteed, the height of the antenna is reduced, the antenna can be very close to a tested piece, the distance attenuation is reduced, the requirement on test transmitting power can be reduced, and meanwhile, the tested piece is guaranteed to be always in a main lobe of the antenna under the condition that the antenna is very close to the tested piece on the ground.
The specific curve shape of the radiating edge 203 may be determined according to matching requirements within the operating band. For example, let the distance from the radiating edge 203 to the ground plate 10 be y, the vertical projection of the connection point of the radiating edge 203 and the parallel edge 202 on the ground plate 10 be the origin of coordinates, the vertical projection of the radiating edge 203 on the ground plate 10 be the x-axis, the direction of the x-axis being the direction of the maximum opening of the pointing antenna; the exponential curve shape parameter of the radiating edge 203 at this time isThe specific values of a, b and c may be determined using a simulation optimization tool, depending on the operating frequency band of the antenna, with one possible choice being a=100 mm, b=80 mm, and c=0.0009 (mm) -1.
The use of the grounding plate frame 1 reduces the height of the antenna while guaranteeing the radiation performance of the antenna, simultaneously enables the antenna to be easily and flexibly placed, enables the antenna to be very close to a tested piece, reduces the attenuation of the distance, and reduces the requirement on test emission power, because the tested piece can be always in the main lobe of the antenna even if the antenna is very close to the tested piece on the ground.
The detachable and mountable main pole plate back plate 21 and main pole plate front plate 22 of the main pole plate 2, the detachable and mountable left pole plate back plate 31 and left pole plate front plate 32 of the left pole plate 3, and the detachable and mountable right pole plate back plate 41 and right pole plate front plate 42 of the right pole plate 4, so that when working in a high frequency band, the back plate and the front plate can be detached, the size and the weight of the antenna are small, the use is convenient, the loss of the antenna can be reduced, the coupling among the main antenna, the left antenna and the right antenna is reduced, particularly, when the frequency is very high, the electric width of the antenna caliber is very wide, the situation of low mouth-face efficiency and even lobe splitting caused by a high-order mode occurs, and the antenna can work in a frequency range of tens of octaves.
The main plate 2, the left plate 3 and the right plate 4 are coupled to each other due to the close distance, and these couplings are more intense due to the small electrical distance, especially at low frequencies. Coupling causes the impedance of the main antenna, the left antenna and the right antenna to differ from the impedance of a single antenna when free space exists, and the impedance of these antennas also changes when the frequency changes, which in turn causes the impedance of the entire antenna to change. Since the distances from the main pole plate 2, the left pole plate 3 and the right pole plate 410 to the upper surface of the ground plate can be independently adjusted, the impedance of the main antenna, the left antenna and the right antenna can be respectively adjusted, and the impedance matching of the whole antenna in all working frequency bands is further ensured.
The thickness of the grounding plate 10 is such that the grounding plate frame 1 has enough use strength; the thicknesses of the main pole plate 2, the left pole plate 3 and the right pole plate 4 need to ensure that the main pole plate 2, the left pole plate 3 and the right pole plate 4 have sufficient supporting strength.
The bottoms of the main pole plate 2, the left pole plate 3 and the right pole plate 4 are respectively provided with a height adjusting device made of non-conductive materials, the main pole plate 2, the left pole plate 3 and the right pole plate 4 are respectively provided with a supporting structure made of non-conductive materials, and the bottoms of the left pole plate 3 and the right pole plate 4 are respectively provided with a sliding structure made of non-conductive materials. When unfolded, the main antenna, the left antenna and the right antenna form an array antenna, and the gain of the antenna is improved. The support structure may be placed on top of the ground plate frame 1.
The present invention can be achieved in accordance with the above.
The above embodiments are merely examples of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. within the design method and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The reconfigurable electromagnetic compatibility test antenna is characterized by comprising a grounding plate frame (1), a main polar plate (2), a left polar plate (3), a right polar plate (4) and a joint (5); the grounding plate frame (1) comprises a grounding plate (10) and a plurality of guide wheels (11); the grounding plate (10), the main pole plate (2), the left pole plate (3) and the right pole plate (4) are made of materials with good electric conductivity; the left polar plate (3) and the right polar plate (4) are respectively positioned at two sides of the main polar plate (2); the left polar plate (3) and the right polar plate (4) are overlapped with the main polar plate (2) at ordinary times, and when in test, the left polar plate (3) and the right polar plate (4) can be respectively unfolded towards two sides along the normal direction of the main polar plate (2) to form three antennas of a main antenna, a left antenna and a right antenna so as to enlarge the coverage range of a test area and reduce the working frequency of the antennas; when the antenna is unfolded, the main pole plate (2) is perpendicular to the grounding plate (10), the main pole plate (2) and the grounding plate (10) form two poles of the main antenna, the left pole plate (3) is perpendicular to the grounding plate (10), the left pole plate (3) and the grounding plate (10) form two poles of the left antenna, the right pole plate (4) is perpendicular to the grounding plate (10), and the right pole plate (4) and the grounding plate (10) form two poles of the right antenna; the main antenna, the left antenna and the right antenna have the same beam direction and polarization direction; the distance between the left polar plate (3) and the right polar plate (4) and the main polar plate (2) is the same; the distance between the left polar plate (3) and the main polar plate (2) is approximately equal to half of the transverse dimension of the tested area, but not more than half of the testing wavelength;
When the antenna works, the conductor plate (6) connects the left antenna input end (301) of the left polar plate (3) and the right antenna input end (401) of the right polar plate (4) with the main antenna input end (201) of the main polar plate (2) respectively;
the transverse distance between the left polar plate (3) and the right polar plate (3) and the main polar plate (2) and the front-back distance can be adjusted;
The distances from the main pole plate (2), the left pole plate (3) and the right pole plate (3) to the upper surface of the grounding plate (10) can be independently adjusted, and the impedance of the main antenna, the left antenna and the right antenna can be respectively adjusted so as to meet the antenna impedance matching adjustment requirement caused by direct coupling of the main antenna, the left antenna and the right antenna when different unfolding distances are met;
The main pole plate (2) comprises a main pole plate substrate (20), a plurality of main pole plate rear plates (21) and a plurality of main pole plate front plates (22); the plurality of main pole plate rear plates (21) and the plurality of main pole plate front plates (22) are sequentially connected and installed with the main pole plate base plate (20) through the detachable bolts 61, so that electrical connection and stable structure are ensured; when the test frequency is high, all the main pole plate rear plates (21) and all the main pole plate front plates (22) are detached, and only the main pole plate base plates (20) are reserved, so that the conductor loss of the antenna is reduced, and the weight of the antenna is reduced; the frequency of the test frequency range is gradually reduced, the main pole plate rear plates (21) and the main pole plate front plates (22) are sequentially arranged one by one, and in the test frequency range with the lowest frequency, all the main pole plate rear plates (21) and all the main pole plate front plates (22) are arranged on the main pole plate substrate (20);
The left polar plate (3) comprises a left polar plate substrate (30), a plurality of left polar plate rear plates (31) and a plurality of left polar plate front plates (32); the plurality of left polar plate rear plates (31) and the plurality of left polar plate front plates (32) are sequentially connected and installed with the left polar plate substrate (30) through the detachable bolts 61, so that electrical connection and stable structure are ensured; when the test frequency is high, detaching all the left polar plate rear plates (31) and all the left polar plate front plates (32), and only reserving the left polar plate substrate (30); the frequencies of the test frequency bands are gradually reduced, a left polar plate back plate (31) and a left polar plate front plate (32) are sequentially arranged one by one, and all the left polar plate back plates (31) and all the left polar plate front plates (32) are arranged on a left polar plate substrate (30) in the test frequency band with the lowest frequency;
The right polar plate (4) comprises a right polar plate substrate (40), a plurality of right polar plate rear plates (41) and a plurality of right polar plate front plates (42); the plurality of right polar plate rear plates (41) and the plurality of right polar plate front plates (42) are sequentially connected and installed with the right polar plate substrate (40) through the detachable bolts 61, so that electrical connection and stable structure are ensured; when the test frequency is high, all the right polar plate rear plates (41) and all the right polar plate front plates (42) are disassembled, and only the right polar plate substrate (40) is reserved; the frequencies of the test frequency bands are gradually reduced, right pole plate rear plates (41) and right pole plate front plates (42) are sequentially arranged one by one, and all right pole plate rear plates (41) and all right pole plate front plates (42) are arranged on a right pole plate substrate (40) in the test frequency band with the lowest frequency;
The lengths of vertical projections of the main pole plate (2), the left pole plate (3) and the right pole plate (3) on the plane where the grounding plate (10) is positioned are all larger than one quarter of the maximum working wavelength;
At a main antenna input end (201) of a main pole plate substrate (20), an inner conductor (51) of a joint (5) is connected with a left pole plate (20), and an outer conductor (52) of the joint (5) is connected with a grounding plate (10); the surface of the ground plate (10) is planar, and in operation the ground plate (10) is in electrical contact with the ground.
2. Reconfigurable electromagnetic compatibility test antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the shape and dimensions of the left pole plate (3) and the right pole plate (4) are identical to those of the main pole plate (2).
3. Reconfigurable electromagnetic compatibility test antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that without the main plate (2) and without the main plate back plate (21) and main plate front plate (22) mounted, the main plate substrate (20) is one pole of a graded slot line antenna, which is the mirror image of the ground plate (10), the other pole of the graded slot line antenna; the shape of the main polar plate substrate (20) is a curved polygon; the main polar plate substrate is nearest to the grounding plate (10) and is provided with a parallel edge (202), the parallel edge (202) is straight and parallel to the grounding plate (10), one end of the parallel edge (202) close to an input end (201) of the antenna is connected with a near-end vertical edge (205), and the other end of the parallel edge (202) is connected with a radiation edge (203); the shape of the radiation edge (203) is an exponential curve, a square curve, a straight line or a piecewise straight line, the distance from the end, connected with the parallel edge (202), of the radiation edge (203) to the ground plate (10) is nearest, the other end of the radiation edge (203) is connected with the end of the far-end vertical edge (204), at the position, the distance from the radiation edge (203) to the ground plate (10) is farthest, and the opening of the gradual change groove line is largest; both the proximal vertical edge (205) and the distal vertical edge (204) are perpendicular to the ground plate (10), and both ends of the distal parallel edge (206) are connected to the ends of the proximal vertical edge (205) and the distal vertical edge (204) that are remote from the ground plate (10), respectively.
4. Reconfigurable electromagnetic compatibility test antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the main plate back plate (21) is shaped as a curved quadrilateral, wherein a pair of opposite sides are parallel edges, the length of the parallel edges close to the main plate (2) being smaller than the length of the parallel edges distant from the main plate (2); when the main pole plate rear plates (21) are connected together, the long parallel edge of one main pole plate rear plate (21) is close to the short parallel edge of the other main pole plate rear plate (21), and is far away from the long parallel edge, and the main pole plate rear plates (21) connected together form a large curved quadrilateral shape; the farther from the ground plate (10), the farther the two sides of the large curved-edge quadrangle are from each other.
5. The reconfigurable electromagnetic compatibility test antenna of claim 1, wherein the shape of the main plate front plate (22) is a curved quadrilateral with a pair of opposing sides being parallel edges, wherein the shape of one outward side is exponential; the length of the parallel edge close to the main pole plate (2) is smaller than the length of the parallel edge far away from the main pole plate (2); when the plurality of main pole plate front plates (22) are connected together, the long parallel edge of one main pole plate front plate (22) is close to the short parallel edge of the other main pole plate front plate (22), and is far away from the long parallel edge, and the plurality of main pole plate front plates (22) connected together form a large curved quadrilateral shape; the farther from the ground plate (10), the farther the two curved sides of the large curved-edge quadrilateral are.
6. The reconfigurable electromagnetic compatibility test antenna of claim 1, wherein the guide wheel (11) is reversible, in operation, the guide wheel (11) being flipped over the ground plate (10) such that the ground plate is maintained in electrical contact with the test darkroom floor; when moving, the guide wheel (11) turns over to the lower surface of the grounding plate (10), so that the whole antenna can move conveniently.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103811877A (en) * | 2014-02-18 | 2014-05-21 | 北京理工大学 | Ultra-wideband millimeter-wave linearly-polarized waveguide aperture array antenna |
| EP2824762A1 (en) * | 2013-07-08 | 2015-01-14 | Munin Spot Technology Aps | Compact RFID reader antenna |
| CN109149095A (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2019-01-04 | 合肥工业大学 | A kind of antenna of frequency and directional diagram reconstructable based on flexible material |
| CN209526210U (en) * | 2019-02-26 | 2019-10-22 | 佛山市天磁通天线技术有限公司 | A kind of Analysis of Dual-Polarization LPDA |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9660327B2 (en) * | 2015-06-12 | 2017-05-23 | Sony Corporation | Combination antenna |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2824762A1 (en) * | 2013-07-08 | 2015-01-14 | Munin Spot Technology Aps | Compact RFID reader antenna |
| CN103811877A (en) * | 2014-02-18 | 2014-05-21 | 北京理工大学 | Ultra-wideband millimeter-wave linearly-polarized waveguide aperture array antenna |
| CN109149095A (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2019-01-04 | 合肥工业大学 | A kind of antenna of frequency and directional diagram reconstructable based on flexible material |
| CN209526210U (en) * | 2019-02-26 | 2019-10-22 | 佛山市天磁通天线技术有限公司 | A kind of Analysis of Dual-Polarization LPDA |
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