CN117947301A - Aluminum-based composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Aluminum-based composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN117947301A CN117947301A CN202410131797.2A CN202410131797A CN117947301A CN 117947301 A CN117947301 A CN 117947301A CN 202410131797 A CN202410131797 A CN 202410131797A CN 117947301 A CN117947301 A CN 117947301A
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- Prior art keywords
- aluminum
- composite material
- ball milling
- based composite
- material according
- Prior art date
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Links
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 136
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 136
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 28
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000011833 salt mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron carbide Chemical compound B12B3B4C32B41 INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052580 B4C Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium nitrate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K tripotassium phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical group C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QYEXBYZXHDUPRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N B#[Ti]#B Chemical compound B#[Ti]#B QYEXBYZXHDUPRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910033181 TiB2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- RAOSIAYCXKBGFE-UHFFFAOYSA-K [Cu+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O Chemical compound [Cu+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RAOSIAYCXKBGFE-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011132 calcium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- GVALZJMUIHGIMD-UHFFFAOYSA-H magnesium phosphate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GVALZJMUIHGIMD-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004137 magnesium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000157 magnesium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960002261 magnesium phosphate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010994 magnesium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001960 metal nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001463 metal phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002064 nanoplatelet Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000160 potassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011009 potassium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000162 sodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011008 sodium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 2
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000008119 colloidal silica Substances 0.000 claims 1
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 34
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 10
- BJZIJOLEWHWTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-H dipotassium;hexafluorozirconium(2-) Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[K+].[K+].[Zr+4] BJZIJOLEWHWTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 9
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 8
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000713 high-energy ball milling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011195 cermet Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010406 interfacial reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011156 metal matrix composite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940114926 stearate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PIGFYZPCRLYGLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aluminum nitride Chemical compound [Al]#N PIGFYZPCRLYGLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007546 Brinell hardness test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003842 bromide salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- -1 but not limited to Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003841 chloride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940075614 colloidal silicon dioxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940114930 potassium stearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ANBFRLKBEIFNQU-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;octadecanoate Chemical compound [K+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O ANBFRLKBEIFNQU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium octadecanoate Chemical group [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960004274 stearic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003832 thermite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
- C22C1/1036—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt
- C22C1/1047—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt by mixing and casting liquid metal matrix composites
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y40/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/10—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals with refining or fluxing agents; Use of materials therefor, e.g. slagging or scorifying agents
- C22B9/103—Methods of introduction of solid or liquid refining or fluxing agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
- C22C1/1005—Pretreatment of the non-metallic additives
- C22C1/1015—Pretreatment of the non-metallic additives by preparing or treating a non-metallic additive preform
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C26/00—Alloys containing diamond or cubic or wurtzitic boron nitride, fullerenes or carbon nanotubes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/0047—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
- C22C32/0052—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only carbides
- C22C32/0057—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only carbides based on B4C
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C47/00—Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
- C22C47/02—Pretreatment of the fibres or filaments
- C22C47/06—Pretreatment of the fibres or filaments by forming the fibres or filaments into a preformed structure, e.g. using a temporary binder to form a mat-like element
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C47/00—Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
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Abstract
The invention discloses an aluminum-based composite material and a preparation method thereof, comprising the following steps: mixing the reinforcing phase with a process control agent, and performing ball milling in an oxygen-free environment to obtain composite powder; pressing the composite powder into a preform, and preserving under vacuum; placing the metal salt mixture and the aluminum-based matrix material into a smelting furnace for smelting and heat preservation to obtain an aluminum-based melt and a salt layer formed on the aluminum-based melt; the metal salt mixture is formed by at least two metal salts, the melting point of the metal salt mixture is controlled to be smaller than that of the aluminum-based matrix material, the difference between the melting point and the melting point is 5-100 ℃, and the salt layer is formed after the metal salt mixture is melted; pressing the preform into the aluminum-based melt by external force, stirring, blowing protective gas into the aluminum-based melt, slagging off and forming; the method can solve the problems that the wettability of the reinforcing phase in the aluminum-based melt is poor, agglomeration is generated, interface reaction is serious, interface bonding strength is weak, large-size aluminum-based composite materials cannot be prepared in a large scale, and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum-based composite materials, in particular to an aluminum-based composite material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The aluminium-base composite material is a metal-base composite material which is formed by using pure aluminium or aluminium alloy as matrix material and compounding external reinforcing phase by means of a certain preparation process. In order to obtain an aluminum-based composite material with certain or several specific properties, the reinforcing phase, the matrix material, the preparation process and the like can be adjusted. Compared with other metal matrixes, the aluminum and aluminum alloy materials have low melting point, small density and simple preparation process. Thus, aluminum-based composites are one of the most widely studied metal-based composites.
The existing common preparation processes of the aluminum-based composite material comprise a powder metallurgy method, a pressure soaking method, an in-situ generation method, a liquid stirring method and the like. The powder metallurgy method is the most common preparation method at present, and can enable the reinforcing phase to be better added into the matrix structure, but the conventional powder metallurgy method is often only capable of preparing small-size metal blocks, and has long flow and lower preparation efficiency; the special die is needed during the preparation by the pressure soaking method, so that the production cost is increased, the pressure required to be applied is high, the prepared composite material is simple in shape, and the problems of easiness in cracking and the like of thin-wall parts are solved; the in-situ generation method has high requirements on equipment, high required cost and energy consumption, difficult control of the reaction process and easy formation of coarse harmful phases; these methods have a certain limit on industrial scale application, and in contrast, the liquid stirring method is the most promising method for realizing large-scale preparation of aluminum-based composite materials. However, under the high temperature condition, if the reinforcing phase is directly added into the aluminum melt, the interface wettability and the distribution uniformity are difficult to improve, and the performance of the composite material is difficult to improve.
The Chinese patent No. 112176213B discloses a laser additive manufacturing method of an in-situ self-generated nano Al 2O3 reinforced aluminum matrix composite, which utilizes laser to excite Al and ZnO to generate thermite reaction between the Al and ZnO to generate Al 2O3 ceramic particles in situ, then selectively melts the laser and is matched with laser remelting scanning to finally prepare the aluminum matrix composite, but the heat released by the reaction of the method can cause unstable melt and is difficult to uniformly spread. The Chinese patent CN200710124776.4 discloses a method for preparing nano Al 2O3 particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material by mixing nano Al 2O3 reinforcement with aluminum melt and then assisting with ultrasonic stirring, which has the advantages of simple process and controllable flow, but the nano particles enter the aluminum matrix in an externally-added mode, and the defects of poor interface wettability, low bonding strength and the like are overcome. The Chinese patent CN101948978B adopts a melt direct reaction synthesis method, takes the mixed salt of borax powder and potassium fluorozirconate powder as a reaction salt to react in an aluminum melt to prepare the nano alumina particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite, and replaces the traditional reaction system which takes oxides as the main component, and the synthesized alumina has small particle size, uniform distribution and low reaction temperature, but slag is easy to remain in the melt, and slag-gold separation is inconvenient.
Chinese patent No. 110423915B discloses a preparation method of an aluminum-based composite material, which is to disperse a reinforcement body by using a salt flux to improve surface wettability, and then add the reinforcement body into an aluminum melt to solve the problems of wettability and interface bonding between the reinforcement body and a matrix. In practice, however, it has some problems as follows: (1) The reinforcing body is added into the salt flux melt, and partial reinforcing phase can react with the salt flux at high temperature, so that an unnecessary impurity phase is easily generated by stirring, and the reinforcing effect and the utilization rate of the reinforcing phase are reduced; (2) The preparation method has the advantages that the reinforcing phase is required to be mixed with the melt to obtain the precursor, then the precursor is added into the aluminum melt, the preparation process is increased, the production cost is high, the precursor is required to be prepared at 973-1073K high temperature, and the energy consumption is high; (3) In the process of melting the aluminum melt alone, the oxidation of the melt is aggravated, and an oxide skin layer is easily formed on the surface.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome one or more defects in the prior art and provides an improved preparation method of an aluminum-based composite material, which can at least effectively improve the interface wettability between a reinforcing phase and an aluminum melt and the distribution uniformity of the reinforcing phase, and remarkably improve the material performance.
The invention also provides the aluminum-based composite material prepared by the method.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts a technical scheme that: a method of preparing an aluminum-based composite material, the method comprising:
Mixing a reinforcing phase with a process control agent capable of preventing or reducing damage of ball milling to the structure of the reinforcing phase, and performing ball milling in an oxygen-free environment to obtain composite powder;
Pressing the composite powder into a preform with a preset size and shape, and preserving under vacuum condition;
Placing the metal salt mixture and an aluminum-based matrix material into a smelting furnace for smelting and heat preservation to obtain an aluminum-based melt and a salt layer formed on the aluminum-based melt; the metal salt mixture is composed of at least two metal salts, the melting point of the metal salt mixture is controlled to be smaller than that of the aluminum-based matrix material, the difference between the melting point and the melting point is 5-100 ℃, and the salt layer is formed after the metal salt mixture is melted;
Pressing the preform into the aluminum-based melt by external force, stirring, blowing protective gas into the aluminum-based melt, slagging off and forming.
According to some particular aspects of the invention, the morphology of the reinforcing phase comprises particulate, fibrous, platelet, tubular or whisker-like.
In some embodiments of the invention, the reinforcement phase includes, but is not limited to, a metal oxide, a metal carbide, a metal nitride, a metal boride, a cermet, or a non-cermet, among others.
According to some specific aspects of the invention, the reinforcement phase includes, but is not limited to, a combination that may be one or more selected from graphite, aluminum oxide (Al 2O3), silicon carbide (SiC), silicon dioxide (SiO 2), titanium carbide (TiC), titanium dioxide (TiO 2), silicon nitride (Si 3N4), aluminum nitride (AlN), titanium diboride (TiB 2), boron carbide (B 4 C), carbon Nanotubes (CNTs), and Graphene Nanoplatelets (GNPs).
According to some specific and preferred aspects of the invention, the size of the reinforcing phase is from 5nm to 5 μm. Further, the size of the reinforcing phase is 10nm to 3 μm.
In some embodiments of the invention, the reinforcing phase is controlled to be 0.5% -50% by mass of the aluminum-based composite material.
According to some preferred aspects of the present invention, the process control agent is added in an amount of 0.1% to 10% of the reinforcing phase in terms of mass%.
In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the process control agent is a combination of one or more selected from the group consisting of fluorozirconium salt, stearic acid, stearate, colloidal silicon dioxide. According to some specific aspects of the invention, the fluorozirconium salt is sodium fluorozirconate and/or potassium fluorozirconate, and the stearate is sodium stearate and/or potassium stearate.
According to some preferred aspects of the invention, during ball milling, the ball-to-material ratio is controlled to be 5-15:1; further, in some embodiments, the milling balls used for ball milling may be one or a combination of two of corundum balls or steel balls.
According to some preferred aspects of the invention, during the ball milling, an intermittent ball milling method is adopted, wherein the intermittent ball milling method adopts a combination of forward ball milling and pause ball milling, and ball milling is carried out for 25-30min per forward rotation, and pause ball milling is carried out for 3-5min until the ball milling time is 2-3h. Further, in some embodiments, the rotational speed of the ball mill is 250-350rpm.
According to the invention, the intermittent ball milling mode is adopted for ball milling, so that the internal temperature of the ball milling tank can be prevented from being too high, the oxidation phenomenon of mixed powder under the high temperature condition is avoided, and the dissolution and dispersion of the reinforcing phase in the melt are facilitated.
According to some specific aspects of the invention, the oxygen-free environment is a vacuum condition, or is filled with a shielding gas, including but not limited to, nitrogen or an inert gas.
According to some preferred aspects of the invention, the preform is formed by pressing under load, the preform being a round rod having a diameter of 10-30mm and a length of 2-5 mm.
In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the pressing is performed in a vacuum environment using a universal tester having a pressure rise rate of 1 to 5N/s, a pressure/dwell time parameter set to 10 to 20kN/10 to 20s, and a temperature of 20 to 30 ℃.
According to some preferred and specific aspects of the present invention, the metal salt is a combination of one or more selected from the group consisting of a metal halide salt, a metal nitrate salt, a metal borate salt, a metal phosphate salt, and a metal sulfate salt.
According to some specific aspects of the invention, the metal in the metal salt is sodium, potassium, calcium, copper, barium or magnesium.
Further, the halogenated salts of the metal include chloride salts of the metal, bromide salts of the metal, and the like.
In some embodiments of the invention, the metal salt is a combination of one or more selected from sodium chloride, potassium chloride, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, copper chloride, sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, magnesium nitrate, calcium nitrate, copper nitrate, sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, calcium sulfate, copper sulfate, sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate, magnesium phosphate, calcium phosphate, copper phosphate.
According to some preferred aspects of the invention, the metal salt mixture has a melting point of 450-650 ℃, for example, 450-500 ℃, 505-550 ℃, 555-600 ℃, 605-645 ℃, etc.
According to some preferred aspects of the present invention, the metal salt mixture is added in an amount of 10% to 50% by mass of the aluminum-based base material, for example, 12%, 15%, 18%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, etc.
According to some preferred aspects of the invention, the smelting holding temperature is 680-1200 ℃, and further may be 700-900 ℃.
According to some preferred aspects of the invention, the stirring is performed using a combination of at least two of graphite rotor stirring, electromagnetic stirring, ultrasonic stirring. For example, when stirring with a graphite rotor, the rotor speed may be 30-100rpm; when electromagnetic stirring is adopted, the frequency is 5-50 Hz, and the rated current is 50-250A.
According to the invention, the dispersion speed of the reinforcing phase can be improved, and the heat preservation time is further reduced, so that the degree of interface reaction is reduced. Further, according to some specific aspects of the invention, the dispersion time of the reinforcing phase of the invention (substantially equivalent to the stirring time) may be reduced to below 30min, even to 25min, for example to around 20 min.
In some embodiments of the invention, the shielding gas may be nitrogen or an inert gas, which may be argon or the like.
Further, in some embodiments of the present invention, the shielding gas blown in during the stirring may be nitrogen or an inert gas, the inert gas may be argon or the like, and the blowing amount is 5 to 30L/min.
In some embodiments of the invention, the aluminum-based matrix material is pure aluminum and/or an aluminum alloy.
In some embodiments of the invention, the method of making further comprises: and (5) carrying out heat preservation after slag skimming.
In some embodiments of the invention, the shaping is performed using a casting mold selected from a copper mold, a water cooled copper mold, a steel mold, a cast iron mold, or a graphite clay mold.
The invention provides another technical scheme that: an aluminum-based composite material prepared by the preparation method of the aluminum-based composite material.
Due to the application of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
According to the invention, the metal salt is innovatively melted in the smelting furnace along with the aluminum-based substrate material and forms layering of the aluminum-based melt and the salt layer, on one hand, the generation of oxide skin on the surface of the aluminum-based melt is stopped, and on the other hand, after the prefabricated member obtained after pretreatment is pressed into the aluminum-based melt, the interface wettability of the reinforcing phase and the aluminum-based melt is far better than that of the oxide skin, so that the wettability of the reinforcing phase and the aluminum-based melt is greatly improved, the dispersion uniformity of the reinforcing phase in the aluminum-based melt is improved, the aggregation of the reinforcing phase is prevented, and the reinforcing effect of the reinforcing phase in the aluminum-based substrate material is fully exerted;
In particular, the method of the invention can greatly improve the dispersion speed of the reinforcing phase in the aluminum-based melt, and the interfacial reaction of the reinforcing phase and the aluminum-based melt is unavoidable under the condition of partial specific raw material components (for example, siC reacts with aluminum water to generate Al 3C4 and Si, so that the characteristics of high strength, high wear resistance and the like of SiC are lost, the reaction starts from the interface until all particles react off), and the uniform dispersion can be realized faster by improving the dispersion speed of the reinforcing phase, thereby reducing the heat preservation time, further reducing the degree of the interfacial reaction, greatly improving the utilization rate of the reinforcing phase and facilitating the full play of the functionality thereof.
In addition, the method is simple, can prepare aluminum-based composite materials with different mass fractions and different reinforcing phases according to actual requirements, and can also meet the requirement of large-scale preparation of large-size aluminum-based composite materials.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a microstructure of a boron carbide particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite material prepared in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a drawing showing the appearance of a tensile fracture of the boron carbide particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite material prepared in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a microstructure of the silicon carbide whisker reinforced aluminum matrix composite prepared in comparative example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The above-described aspects are further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments; it should be understood that these embodiments are provided to illustrate the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention, and that the present invention is not limited by the scope of the following embodiments; the implementation conditions employed in the examples may be further adjusted according to specific requirements, and the implementation conditions not specified are generally those in routine experiments.
All starting materials are commercially available or prepared by methods conventional in the art, not specifically described in the examples below.
Example 1
The example provides a preparation method of a boron carbide particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material, which comprises the following preparation steps:
step one, weighing: weighing 300g B 4 C particles and mixing with 3g of stearic acid; b 4 C is granular, the average grain diameter is 2-5 mu m, and the purity is more than or equal to 99.9%; the stearic acid is waxy small tablet crystals, and the purity is more than or equal to 99.7%.
Step two, ball milling: mixing B 4 C particles obtained in the first step with stearic acid composite powder, filling the mixture into a corundum ball milling tank, and filling high-purity argon (more than or equal to 99.999%) for protection, and performing high-energy ball milling to obtain composite powder with compact structure and uniform mixing. Wherein the grinding balls are corundum balls, and the ball-to-material ratio is 8:1, ball milling time is 2h, rotating speed is 300r/min, ball milling adopts an intermittent forward rotation and pause mode, forward rotation time is 27min, pause time is 3min, and the process is repeated until ball milling time is reached.
And thirdly, pressing the composite powder obtained in the second step into a preform by applying load through a universal testing machine. The universal tester has a boosting rate of 1N/s, the parameters of the applied pressure/dwell time are set to 10kN/10s, the diameter of the preform is 20mm, the length of the preform is 3mm, the preform is pressed at room temperature, and the preform is placed in a vacuum drying oven for storage after the pressing is finished.
Step four, according to the mole ratio of 5:3:2, weighing NaCl, KCl, mgCl 2 g and mixing, weighing 2700g pure aluminum ingot and mixed salt (melting point is 635+/-5 ℃) together, placing in a smelting furnace, smelting and preserving heat at 750 ℃ to obtain an aluminum-based melt and a salt layer formed on the aluminum-based melt, and layering the aluminum-based melt and the salt layer.
Step five, adding the prefabricated body obtained in the step three into the aluminum-based melt in the step four through a pressing cover (placing the prefabricated body into a cover, pressing the prefabricated body downwards into the aluminum-based melt to prevent the prefabricated body from floating, and gradually wetting the prefabricated body into the aluminum-based melt), fully and uniformly stirring the prefabricated body by using a graphite rotor stirring and electromagnetic stirring combined mode, and blowing high-purity argon into the aluminum-based melt through the graphite rotor for 20min during stirring, wherein the rotating speed of the rotor is 30r/min, and the blowing amount of the argon is 5L/min; electromagnetic stirring frequency is 5Hz, rated current is 50A, stirring time is 20min, and slag skimming is carried out after stirring and blowing are completed.
And step six, after slag skimming, preserving the temperature at 720 ℃ for 10min, and casting and molding the melt by using a water-cooled copper mold to prepare the boron carbide particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material with the volume percent of the reinforced phase being 10%.
FIG. 1 is a microstructure of a boron carbide particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite under an optical microscope. As shown in the figure, the reinforced phase of the composite material prepared by the method is uniformly distributed, has compact structure, and has no obvious defects such as agglomeration and the like.
After B 4 C particles are added for reinforcement, the mechanical property of the material is obviously improved, the strength is improved from 42MPa to 125MPa, and the improvement is 197%.
FIG. 2 is a drawing of the appearance of a tensile fracture of the composite material, wherein the ductile cast structure is fine and compact, and cracks extend from the B 4 C reinforcement to the matrix, so that the transmission of load is facilitated, and the material strength is greatly improved.
Example 2
The example provides a preparation method of a silicon carbide whisker reinforced aluminum matrix composite material, which comprises the following preparation steps:
Step one, weighing: 60g of SiC whisker is weighed and mixed with 1.2g of potassium fluozirconate (K 2ZrF6); the SiC is in a black-green whisker shape, the diameter is 20-500 nm, the length is 0.5-3 mu m, and the purity is more than or equal to 99.9%; k 2ZrF6 is white crystalline powder, and the purity is more than or equal to 98.0%.
Step two, ball milling: mixing the SiC whisker obtained in the step one with potassium fluorozirconate, then filling the mixture into a corundum ball milling tank, and filling high-purity argon for protection and then performing high-energy ball milling to obtain the composite powder with compact structure and uniform mixing. Wherein the grinding balls are corundum balls, and the ball-to-material ratio is 5:1, ball milling time is 2h, rotating speed is 300r/min, ball milling adopts an intermittent forward rotation and pause mode, forward rotation time is 27min, pause time is 3min, and the process is repeated until ball milling time is reached.
And thirdly, pressing the composite powder obtained in the second step into a preform by applying load through a universal testing machine. The universal tester has a boosting rate of 1N/s, the parameters of the applied pressure/dwell time are set to 10kN/10s, the diameter of the preform is 20mm, the length of the preform is 3mm, the preform is pressed at room temperature, and the preform is placed in a vacuum drying oven for storage after the pressing is finished.
Step four, according to the mole ratio of 2:1:2, weighing 300g of CaCl 2、KCl、MgCl2, mixing, weighing 2940g of pure aluminum ingot and mixed salt (melting point is 500+/-5 ℃) together, placing the pure aluminum ingot and the mixed salt into a smelting furnace, smelting and preserving heat at 750 ℃ to obtain an aluminum-based melt and a salt layer formed on the aluminum-based melt, and layering the aluminum-based melt and the salt layer.
Step five, adding the prefabricated body obtained in the step three into the aluminum-based melt in the step four through a pressing cover (placing the prefabricated body into a cover, pressing the prefabricated body downwards into the aluminum-based melt to prevent the prefabricated body from floating, and gradually wetting the prefabricated body into the aluminum-based melt), fully and uniformly stirring the prefabricated body by using a graphite rotor stirring and electromagnetic stirring combined mode, and blowing high-purity argon into the aluminum-based melt through the graphite rotor for 20min during stirring, wherein the rotating speed of the rotor is 30r/min, and the blowing amount of the argon is 5L/min; electromagnetic stirring frequency is 5Hz, rated current is 50A, stirring time is 20min, and slag skimming is carried out after stirring and blowing are completed.
And step six, after slag skimming, preserving the temperature at 720 ℃ for 10min, and casting and molding the melt by using a water-cooled copper mold to prepare the silicon carbide whisker reinforced aluminum matrix composite material with the volume percentage of the reinforced phase being 2%.
Example 3
The example provides a preparation method of an alumina fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite material, which comprises the following preparation steps:
Step one, weighing: 300g of alumina fiber was weighed and mixed with 4g of potassium fluorozirconate (K 2ZrF6); the alumina fiber is mainly alpha-Al 2O3, white fiber, the diameter is 10-30 nm, the length is 0.2-1 mu m, and the purity is more than or equal to 99.9%; k 2ZrF6 is white crystalline powder, and the purity is more than or equal to 98.0%.
Step two, ball milling: mixing the alumina fiber obtained in the step one with potassium fluorozirconate, then filling the mixture into a corundum ball milling tank, and filling high-purity argon for protection and then performing high-energy ball milling to obtain the composite powder with compact structure and uniform mixing. Wherein the grinding balls are corundum balls, and the ball-to-material ratio is 10:1, ball milling time is 2h, rotating speed is 300r/min, ball milling adopts an intermittent forward rotation and pause mode, forward rotation time is 27min, pause time is 3min, and the process is repeated until ball milling time is reached.
And thirdly, pressing the composite powder obtained in the second step into a preform by applying load through a universal testing machine. The universal tester has a boosting rate of 1N/s, the parameters of the applied pressure/dwell time are set to 10kN/10s, the diameter of the preform is 20mm, the length of the preform is 3mm, the preform is pressed at room temperature, and the preform is placed in a vacuum drying oven for storage after the pressing is finished.
Step four, according to the mole ratio of 1:1:2, weighing 300g of NaCl, caCl 2 and KCl, mixing, weighing 2700g of pure aluminum ingot and mixed salt (melting point is 550+/-5 ℃) together, placing the pure aluminum ingot and the mixed salt in a smelting furnace, smelting and preserving heat at 750 ℃ to obtain an aluminum-based melt and a salt layer formed on the aluminum-based melt, and layering the aluminum-based melt and the salt layer.
Step five, adding the prefabricated body obtained in the step three into the aluminum-based melt in the step four through a pressing cover (placing the prefabricated body into a cover, pressing the prefabricated body downwards into the aluminum-based melt to prevent the prefabricated body from floating, and gradually wetting the prefabricated body into the aluminum-based melt), fully and uniformly stirring the prefabricated body by using a graphite rotor stirring and electromagnetic stirring combined mode, and blowing high-purity argon into the aluminum-based melt through the graphite rotor for 20min during stirring, wherein the rotating speed of the rotor is 30r/min, and the blowing amount of the argon is 5L/min; electromagnetic stirring frequency is 5Hz, rated current is 50A, stirring time is 20min, and slag skimming is carried out after stirring and blowing are completed.
And step six, after slag skimming, preserving the temperature at 720 ℃ for 10min, and casting and molding the melt by using a water-cooled copper mold to prepare the alumina fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite material with the volume percentage of the reinforcing phase of 10%.
Comparative example 1
The example provides a preparation method of a silicon carbide whisker reinforced aluminum matrix composite material, which comprises the following preparation steps:
Step one, weighing: 150g of SiC whiskers were weighed and mixed with 1.2g of potassium fluorozirconate (K 2ZrF6); the SiC is in a black-green whisker shape, the diameter is 20-500 nm, the length is 0.5-3 mu m, and the purity is more than or equal to 99.9%; k 2ZrF6 is white crystalline powder, and the purity is more than or equal to 98.0%.
Step two, ball milling: mixing the SiC whisker obtained in the step one with potassium fluorozirconate, then filling the mixture into a corundum ball milling tank, and filling high-purity argon for protection and then performing high-energy ball milling to obtain the composite powder with compact structure and uniform mixing. Wherein the grinding balls are corundum balls, and the ball-to-material ratio is 5:1, ball milling time is 2h, rotating speed is 300r/min, ball milling adopts an intermittent forward rotation and pause mode, forward rotation time is 27min, pause time is 3min, and the process is repeated until ball milling time is reached.
And thirdly, pressing the composite powder obtained in the second step into a preform by applying load through a universal testing machine. The universal testing machine has the step-up rate of 1N/s, the parameters of the applied pressure/dwell time are set to 10kN/10s, the diameter of the preform is 20mm, the length of the preform is 3mm, the preform is pressed at room temperature, and the preform is placed in a vacuum drying oven for storage after the pressing is finished.
Weighing 500g of industrial NaCl and industrial KCl according to the mass ratio of 7:3, drying, weighing 2850g of pure aluminum ingot and mixed salt (the melting point is 725+/-5 ℃) and placing the pure aluminum ingot and the mixed salt into a smelting furnace, smelting and preserving heat at 750 ℃ to obtain an aluminum-based melt and a salt layer formed on the aluminum-based melt, and layering the aluminum-based melt and the salt layer.
Step five, adding the prefabricated body obtained in the step three into the aluminum alloy melt in the step four through a pressing cover (placing the prefabricated body into a cover, pressing the prefabricated body downwards into the aluminum alloy melt to prevent the prefabricated body from floating, and gradually wetting the prefabricated body into the aluminum alloy melt), fully and uniformly stirring the prefabricated body by using a graphite rotor stirring and electromagnetic stirring combined mode, and blowing high-purity argon into the melt through the graphite rotor for 20min during stirring, wherein the rotating speed of the rotor is 30r/min, and the blowing amount of the argon is 5L/min; electromagnetic stirring frequency is 5Hz, rated current is 50A, stirring time is 20min, and slag skimming is carried out after stirring and blowing are completed.
And step six, after slag skimming, preserving the temperature at 720 ℃ for 10min, and casting and molding the melt by using a water-cooled copper mold to prepare the composite material.
This comparative example was unsuccessful. No significant SiC particles were observed in the microstructure, as shown in fig. 3, which is comparable to the pure aluminum microstructure under an optical microscope. Analysis suggests that the melting point of the mixed salt should be improperly controlled and too high, and when the preform is added into the melt, the temperature drops sharply, the mixed salt and the preform are bonded into a mass, and are coagulated into a mass, and even if stirring is performed, the mixed salt is difficult to disperse, so that the preform is not added, more slag is contained in the slag skimming process, and the mass is agglomerated.
Comparative example 2
The example provides a preparation method of a silicon carbide whisker reinforced aluminum matrix composite material, which comprises the following preparation steps:
Step one, weighing: 150g of SiC whiskers were weighed and mixed with 1.2g of potassium fluorozirconate (K 2ZrF6); the SiC is in a black-green whisker shape, the diameter is 20-500 nm, the length is 0.5-3 mu m, and the purity is more than or equal to 99.9%; k 2ZrF6 is white crystalline powder, and the purity is more than or equal to 98.0%.
Step two, ball milling: mixing the SiC whisker obtained in the step one with potassium fluorozirconate, then filling the mixture into a corundum ball milling tank, and filling high-purity argon for protection and then performing high-energy ball milling to obtain the composite powder with compact structure and uniform mixing. Wherein the grinding balls are corundum balls, and the ball-to-material ratio is 5:1, ball milling time is 2h, rotating speed is 300r/min, ball milling adopts an intermittent forward rotation and pause mode, forward rotation time is 27min, pause time is 3min, and the process is repeated until ball milling time is reached.
Step three, according to the mole ratio of 1:1:2, weighing and mixing 300g of NaCl, caCl 2 and KCl, weighing 2850g of pure aluminum ingot and mixed salt (with the melting point of 550+/-5 ℃) together, placing the pure aluminum ingot and the mixed salt into a smelting furnace, smelting and preserving heat at the temperature of 750 ℃ to obtain an aluminum-based melt and a salt layer formed on the aluminum-based melt, and layering the aluminum-based melt and the salt layer.
Adding the composite powder obtained in the step three into the aluminum alloy melt in the step four through a pressure cover, fully and uniformly stirring by using a graphite rotor stirring and electromagnetic stirring composite mode, and blowing high-purity argon into the melt for 20min through the graphite rotor during stirring, wherein the rotating speed of the rotor is 30r/min, and the blowing amount of the argon is 5L/min; electromagnetic stirring frequency is 5Hz, rated current is 50A, stirring time is 20min, and slag skimming is carried out after stirring and blowing are completed.
And step six, after slag skimming, preserving the temperature at 720 ℃ for 10min, and casting and molding the melt by using a water-cooled copper mold to prepare the composite material.
This comparative example was unsuccessful. Analysis shows that the ball-milled composite powder is not pressed into prefabricated blocks, and when the composite powder containing the reinforcing phase is added into a melt, the powder is extremely easy to float on the melt due to low density and insufficient wettability, and is difficult to disperse even if stirred, so that the experiment fails.
Performance testing
The composites prepared in examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-2 above were subjected to the following performance tests, with specific results shown in Table 1.
The Hardness (HB) test criteria were: GB/T231.1-2018 Chinese Standard name: the Brinell hardness test part 1 of the metal material is a test method;
The test criteria for yield strength (MPa) were: GB/T32498-2016 Chinese standard name: a room temperature test method for a tensile test of a metal matrix composite;
The tensile strength (MPa) test criteria were: GB/T32498-2016 Chinese standard name: room temperature test method for tensile test of metal matrix composite.
TABLE 1
The above embodiments are provided to illustrate the technical concept and features of the present invention and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement the same, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the spirit of the present invention should be construed to be included in the scope of the present invention.
The endpoints and any values of the ranges disclosed herein are not limited to the precise range or value, and are understood to encompass values approaching those ranges or values. For numerical ranges, one or more new numerical ranges may be found between the endpoints of each range, between the endpoint of each range and the individual point value, and between the individual point value, in combination with each other, and are to be considered as specifically disclosed herein.
Claims (17)
1. A method for preparing an aluminum-based composite material, the method comprising:
Mixing a reinforcing phase with a process control agent capable of preventing or reducing damage of ball milling to the structure of the reinforcing phase, and performing ball milling in an oxygen-free environment to obtain composite powder;
Pressing the composite powder into a preform with a preset size and shape, and preserving under vacuum condition;
Placing the metal salt mixture and an aluminum-based matrix material into a smelting furnace for smelting and heat preservation to obtain an aluminum-based melt and a salt layer formed on the aluminum-based melt; the metal salt mixture is composed of at least two metal salts, the melting point of the metal salt mixture is controlled to be smaller than that of the aluminum-based matrix material, the difference between the melting point and the melting point is 5-100 ℃, and the salt layer is formed after the metal salt mixture is melted;
Pressing the preform into the aluminum-based melt by external force, stirring, blowing protective gas into the aluminum-based melt, slagging off and forming.
2. The method of producing an aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, wherein the morphology of the reinforcing phase includes a granular, fibrous, flaky, tubular or whisker-like form.
3. The method of producing an aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the reinforcing phase is a combination of one or more selected from the group consisting of graphite, aluminum oxide, silicon carbide, silicon dioxide, titanium carbide, titanium dioxide, silicon nitride, aluminum nitride, titanium diboride, boron carbide, carbon nanotubes and graphene nanoplatelets; or, the size of the reinforcing phase is 5nm to 5 μm.
4. The method for producing an aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, wherein the reinforcing phase is controlled to be 0.5% to 50% by mass.
5. The method of producing an aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, wherein the process control agent is added in an amount of 0.1% to 10% by mass of the reinforcing phase.
6. The method of producing an aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1 or 5, wherein the process control agent is one or a combination of a plurality of selected from the group consisting of fluorozirconium salt, stearic acid, stearate, colloidal silica.
7. The method for preparing an aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, wherein in the ball milling process, the ball-to-material ratio is controlled to be 5-15:1; and/or, in the ball milling process, the ball milling adopts an intermittent ball milling mode, the intermittent ball milling mode adopts a combination of forward ball milling and pause ball milling, and the ball milling is paused for 3-5min every 25-30min of forward ball milling until the ball milling time is 2-3h.
8. The method of producing an aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, wherein the preform is formed by pressing under load, and the preform is a round bar having a diameter of 10 to 30mm and a length of 2 to 5 mm.
9. The method of producing an aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1 or 8, wherein the pressing is performed in a vacuum environment using a universal tester having a pressure-increasing rate of 1 to 5N/s, a pressure/dwell time parameter of 10 to 20kN/10 to 20s, and a temperature of 20 to 30 ℃.
10. The method of producing an aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, wherein the metal salt is a combination of one or more selected from the group consisting of a metal halide salt, a metal nitrate salt, a metal borate salt, a metal phosphate salt and a metal sulfate salt; and/or the metal in the metal salt is sodium, potassium, calcium, copper, barium or magnesium.
11. The method of producing an aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1 or 10, wherein the metal salt is one or more selected from the group consisting of sodium chloride, potassium chloride, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, copper chloride, sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, magnesium nitrate, calcium nitrate, copper nitrate, sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, calcium sulfate, copper sulfate, sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate, magnesium phosphate, calcium phosphate, and copper phosphate.
12. The method of producing an aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, wherein the melting point of the metal salt mixture is 450-650 ℃.
13. The method for producing an aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, wherein the metal salt mixture is added in an amount of 10% to 50% by mass of the aluminum-based matrix material.
14. The method for producing an aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the melting heat preservation is 680-1200 ℃.
15. The method for preparing an aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, wherein the stirring is performed by at least two modes of graphite rotor stirring, electromagnetic stirring and ultrasonic stirring; and/or the aluminum-based matrix material is pure aluminum and/or aluminum alloy.
16. The method of producing an aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that the method further comprises: carrying out heat preservation after slag skimming; and/or the molding is performed by adopting a casting mold, wherein the casting mold is selected from a copper mold, a water-cooled copper mold, a steel mold, a cast iron mold or a graphite clay mold.
17. An aluminum-based composite material made by the method of making an aluminum-based composite material of any of claims 1-16.
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