CN102791893B - Particulate aluminium matrix nano-composites and a process for producing the same - Google Patents

Particulate aluminium matrix nano-composites and a process for producing the same Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102791893B
CN102791893B CN201180006700.6A CN201180006700A CN102791893B CN 102791893 B CN102791893 B CN 102791893B CN 201180006700 A CN201180006700 A CN 201180006700A CN 102791893 B CN102791893 B CN 102791893B
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titanium
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aluminum
technique
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CN102791893A (en
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维韦克·斯里瓦斯塔瓦
阿尼尔班·吉里
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Ai Diyabeila Science And Technology Ltd
Aditya Birla Science and Technology Co Ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C21/00Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/06Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
    • C22C21/08Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C1/00Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/10Alloys containing non-metals
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C1/00Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/10Alloys containing non-metals
    • C22C1/1036Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22DCASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D25/00Special casting characterised by the nature of the product
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C1/00Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/10Alloys containing non-metals
    • C22C1/1036Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt
    • C22C1/1068Making hard metals based on borides, carbides, nitrides, oxides or silicides
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C21/00Alloys based on aluminium
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C32/00Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C32/00Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
    • C22C32/001Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides
    • C22C32/0015Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides with only single oxides as main non-metallic constituents
    • C22C32/0036Matrix based on Al, Mg, Be or alloys thereof
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C32/00Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
    • C22C32/0047Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
    • C22C32/0052Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only carbides
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C32/00Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
    • C22C32/0047Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
    • C22C32/0073Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only borides

Abstract

The present invention provides a process for reinforced aluminum matrix composite. The aluminum matrix composite is reinforced with compound selected from the group consisting of Titanium carbide, Titanium boride, Vanadium and Zirconium compounds. The process is carried out pneumatically using pressurized carrier gas. The pressurized carrier gas also provides efficient stirring during the process which leads to uniform dispersion of the particulate in the aluminum matrix.

Description

Nanoparticle reinforced aluminum-based composite and production technique thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to metal-base composites.
Specifically, this invention contemplates a kind of reinforced aluminium based composites and production technique thereof.
The definition of term used in this specification sheets.
Term as used in this specification " pneumatic " refers to the technique (function/operation) adopting air, gas (as carrier/inert gas or gaseous mixture etc.) completes.
Background
Metal-base composites (MMC) is at least made up of two portions, and some is metal, and another part is a kind of different non-metallic material, as pottery or mineral compound.
Metal-base composites (MMC) is a kind of custom materials, and enhancing substance is dispersed in metal matrix.Enhancing substance can synthesize in outside, then adds in metal matrix, also can carry out in-situ chemical reaction to prepare in a metal.
A kind of MMC received much concern in the recent period is exactly particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material, adopts in-situ chemical reaction technology to prepare.This kind of matrix material is more aluminium base has more excellent mechanical property, in transport, electronics and amusing products, obtains application.
US Patent No. 4,772,452 disclose a kind of technique of producing TiC reinforced aluminum matrix composites, and required metallic aluminium, titanium-containing compound and carbide provide all in powder form, process is pre-mixed, compacting, and then under the temperature of reaction close to aluminium fusing point, heating generates matrix material.
US Patent No. 6,843,865 disclose a kind of technique of producing TiC reinforced aluminum matrix composites, and the aluminium titanium metal mixture of molten state and halocarbon react and generate matrix material.Reaction is carried out under violent mechanical stirring.
US Patent No. 4,748,001 discloses a kind of technique of producing TiC reinforced aluminum matrix composites.
Add in the aluminium titanium metal mixture of melting after carbon dust being preheated to 700 DEG C, then at high temperature vigorous stirring, then at very high temperature (1100 to 1400 DEG C), do subsequent disposal, the matrix material needed for generation.Melt adopts mechanical type to stir.
To be exactly enhanced granule the be isomery distribution of a major limitation of above-mentioned technique, thus cause sample and batch between unstable properties.And other factors, as done subsequent disposal at very high temperature (1100 to 1400 DEG C), preheating precursor makes it fully mixing and fusing to make powder smelting and the strict powder size that controls in specification limit, and processing cost all can be caused to increase.Use the above-mentioned disclosed matrix material obtained by technique of part to contain the particle reinforce material of maximum 5%, exceed and mixed effect can be made very poor.
Therefore, feel to need to develop a kind of matrix material, containing higher particle reinforce material, being evenly distributed of particle reinforce material, to obtain excellent mechanical property.
Goal of the invention
Main purpose of the present invention is, preparation has aluminum matrix composite that is meticulous and single-size distribution.
Another object of the present invention is, provides the aluminum matrix composite with good mechanical properties.
A further object of the invention, is just to provide the technique that a kind of low cost prepares aluminum matrix composite.
Summary of the invention
Prepare a technique for nanoparticle reinforced aluminum-based composite, described technique comprises the following steps:
A) mixture is injected the metallic aluminium of melting, and holding temperature 750 DEG C to 1200 DEG C scopes to obtain melt, mixture comprises the metallic compound of (i) at least one, this compound is selected from titanium compound, vanadium compound and zirconium compounds, and (ii) at least one is containing nonmetallic compound, this compound is selected from carbon compound, boron-containing compound and oxygenatedchemicals;
C) melt 5 to 60 minutes is stirred to obtain the matrix material of melting; And
D) casting the matrix material of solidification of molten.
In first-selected embodiment of the present invention, implantation step adopts pneumatic mode, to inject at least one compound of mixture.Usually, in implantation step, use pressurized carrier gas to implement pneumatic injection.
Usually, through the feeding machine that submerged lance is housed, by step a) in the pneumatic injection molten aluminum of at least one compound that comprises of mixture, described spray gun immerses in the metallic aluminium of melting.
In a first-selected embodiment of the present invention, melt adopts carrier gas to stir.Usually, carrier gas is adopted to stir melt 5 to 20 minutes.
Usually, carrier gas is selected from argon gas and nitrogen.
Usually, in step a) to step b) temperature maintain 850 DEG C to 1000 DEG C scopes.
In first-selected embodiment of the present invention, step a) in compound be selected from Potassium monofluoride titanium, titanium oxide, TiB2.
Usually, compound is titanium compound, is selected from Potassium monofluoride titanium and titanium oxide.Usually, titanium compound is Powdered.
In first-selected embodiment of the present invention, carbon is selected from Graphite Powder 99, carbonic acid gas and methane gas.
In first-selected embodiment of the present invention, oxygen is selected from oxygen, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, zinc oxide and Red copper oxide.
In first-selected embodiment of the present invention, the nanoparticle reinforced aluminum-based composite made contains the titanium carbide compound of maximum 15%.
In other aspects of the present invention, nanoparticle reinforced aluminum-based composite also comprises at least one alloyed metal, is selected from magnesium, copper, zinc and silicon.
The cutline of accompanying drawing
Fig. 1 illustrates XRD (X-ray diffraction) figure of sample prepared by the present invention and ordinary method.
Fig. 2 illustrates the electron scanning micrograph of sample prepared by the present invention and ordinary method.
Fig. 3 illustrates the stress strain curve of cast aluminium sample and the matrix material adopting the present invention to prepare.
Fig. 4 illustrate adopt (a) method of the present invention and (b) convention stir casting process produce the photo of sample.
Fig. 5 illustrates the optical microscope photograph adopting the present invention's (with carbonic acid gas as carbon source) prepared sample.
Fig. 6 illustrates the aging curve adopting matrix material sample prepared by method of the present invention.
Fig. 7 illustrates the matrix material sample of extrusion molding.
Fig. 8 illustrates the matrix material sample of excellent suitability for press forming.
Detailed description of the present invention
Metal-base composites (MMC) is a kind of custom materials, and enhancing substance is dispersed in metal matrix.Metal matrix is a kind of one matter, and enhancing substance is infiltrated wherein.Enhancing substance for improving the physical properties of metal, as wear resistance, frictional coefficient or thermal conductivity.
Method for the preparation of MMC is of all kinds, and as i) solid-state approach, metal-powder mixes with enhancing substance by this method, then combines through compacting, degassed and thermo-mechanical treatment process.Ii) liquid method, enhancing substance is admixed in molten metal by this method, then solidifies.Iii) reactant forming enhancing substance carries out in-situ chemical reaction in metal matrix.Iv) vapour deposition, fiber is coated with thereon through the metal thick fog of gasification by this method.
The manufacture method of aluminum matrix composite has powder metallurgy (sintering), stirs casting and osmose process etc.Usually, reinforced metal, compared with the performance of pure metal, has high strength, high rigidity (Young's modulus), low density, high thermal conductivity and excellent wear resistance through the aluminum matrix composite strengthened.
Aluminum matrix composite (AMC) is for the manufacture of auto parts (piston, push rod, braking element), the brake flange of high-speed train, bike, golf club, electric substrate, high voltage electric cable car.
The invention provides a kind of technique of producing In-sltu reinforcement aluminum matrix composite.The enhancing substance of aluminum matrix composite at least comprises a kind of compound, and this compound is produced by the reaction being selected from following metal-containing compound: titanium compound, vanadium compound, zirconium compounds and one are containing nonmetallic compound.Be selected from carbon compound, boron-containing compound and oxygenatedchemicals containing nonmetallic compound, wherein first-selected enhancing compound is titanium carbide.TiC particle is prepared in molten aluminum through injection titanium-containing compound and a kind of carbon compound.Titanium compound is selected from Potassium monofluoride titanium, titanium boride and titanium oxide.Spray Gun Of The Pressure is for injecting compound in molten aluminum.Through the spray gun immersed bottom pond, by powdery titanium-containing compound (as Potassium monofluoride titanium, titanium oxide) pneumatic injection molten aluminum.Carbon can add with Graphite Powder 99 and the mixture containing titanium salt, also can adopt carbonic acid gas/methane gas.Rare gas element or reactant gases are used as powder carrier, are interspersed among in melt by powder.Gas can also stir melt, guarantees abundant mixing, thus intensified response power, reduce treatment temp (750-1200 DEG C) and time (5 to 60 minutes).Thus this technique can be avoided using the granularity caused by mechanical type stirring uneven.The homogeneity of mechanical property also improves, as the changes in hardness < 5% in ingot casting.Invention increases reinforce quality in melt (maximum 15%), and do not reduce the integrity of ingot casting.Compared with the technique adopting conventional mechanical formula to stir, the matrix material adopting this technique to prepare have meticulousr with evenly distribution.Therefore, with regard to the particle of same volume, based on matrix material of the present invention, there is more excellent mechanical property.
Now in conjunction with following example, the present invention will be described, and these examples are never construed as limiting the invention, and are only demonstration of the present invention.
Example 1
462 grams of metallic aluminiums are fused in the plumbago crucible of 900 DEG C.Use screw feeder, add in molten aluminum by the mixture of Potassium monofluoride titanium and carbon dust (97.3 grams of K2TiF6 and 7.5 gram carbon), feeding machine is connected with the aluminum oxide spray gun immersed in melt, and uses argon gas as carrier gas.Feed, after 8 minutes, cuts out screw feeder, and argon gas stirs melt and carries out mixing and continue 5 minutes.The nominal addition of addition and 5%TiC volume component is suitable.After stirring terminates, crucible is taken off from stove, and skim waste matter from melt.Namely the matrix material sample generally represented with sequence number 101 is shaped in cast iron die.
fig. 1the X-ray diffractogram of this matrix material is shown, its medium wave peak is corresponding aluminium, TiC and a small amount of Al respectively 3ti phase.
fig. 2 athe analysis photo of scanning electron microscope is shown, Al in photo 4c 3very meticulous and be evenly distributed with the equal abatement particle of TiC.Photo also demonstrates exists several Al3Ti plate.
Adopting the present invention and method institute to produce the homogeneity of ingot casting to compare, adopting and stirring sample (generally representing with sequence number 102) prepared by casting (mechanical type stirrings) and sample 101 prepared by employing the inventive method generates (namely 900 DEG C with 30 minutes reaction times) all under the same conditions.Longitudinal direction part along ingot casting is got about 15 hardness values and is carried out statistical study.For ingot casting prepared by submerged lance used according to the invention and argon carrier gas, the observed value of Vickers' hardness is 60.5+/-1.1, and the ingot casting hardness using graphite whisker to prepare is 65.1+/-1.7.This shows, adopt the present invention prepare ingot casting, can obtain than stir teeming practice evenly ingot casting.
Example 2
Table 1 is listed and is adopted two kinds of diverse ways described in example 1 and the some ingot castings prepared under different processing parameters.Show the XRD analysis of matrix material, the present invention can facilitate the matrix material with a large amount of TiC sediment volume component to prepare at low temperatures with in shorter time, and without the need to preheating precursor.TiC sediment contributes to improving yield strength, tensile strength and Young's modulus, as fig. 3shown in.Because TiC sediment has the character of cutting down on an equal basis and being evenly distributed, the ductility of matrix material therefore can not be reduced.
Example 3
Method described in example 1 is adopted to prepare metal-base composites.Sample one uses d 90be prepared by the thick K2TiF6 powder of 300 microns, and another sample use the d through grinding and screening 90be prepared by the K2TiF6 powder of 68 microns.The hardness measurement of two samples is 51Hv.
Example 4
The inventive method described in example 1 is adopted to prepare matrix material sample (generally representing with sequence number 103).12 grams of aluminium are melted to 900 DEG C and become molten aluminum, then add the mixture of K2TiF6 and carbon dust through screw feeder, and use argon gas as carrier gas.The nominal addition of total addition level and 10%TiC volume component is suitable.Total batch of reaction times is 20 minutes.After having reacted, remove the waste matter in crucible, then melt is poured in sand mould and generate ingot casting.Fig. 4 a illustrates the photo of zero defect strip ingot base.
Adopt convention stir casting process, 500 grams of aluminium are melted to 900 DEG C to prepare another sample.Add in melt after 495 grams of K2TiF6 are mixed with 22 grams of carbon dusts, stir with graphite whisker simultaneously.Reaction is completed after 20 minutes.Because the viscosity of melt is high, clear operation cannot normally be carried out, and remains and stay part waste matter in melt.Melt is poured into ingot mold.Fig. 4 b illustrates the photo of ingot casting.
Example 5
530 grams of aluminium are adopted to melt in the crucible of 950 DEG C to prepare aluminum matrix composite sample (generally representing with sequence number 104).113 grams of K2TiF6 powder are added in melt, then stirs by alumina rod.Through the aluminum oxide spray gun immersing melt, carbonic acid gas gas bell is passed into molten mixture 10 minutes.Then take off crucible from stove, after removing the waste matter of bath surface, pour into ingot mold.XRD analysis shows, and in ingot casting, produced TiC sediment, the observed value of hardness is 48.2Hv.The optical microscope photograph of sample as shown in Figure 5.
Example 6
In the melt of aluminium and K2TiF6, bubbling passes into the mixed gas of titanium dioxide carbon/nitrogen gas, generates Al-AlN-TiC matrix material.In addition, also air can be used as carrier gas, the argon gas in alternative 1 is to generate Al-AlN-TiC matrix material.
Example 7
Method described in example 1 is adopted to prepare matrix material sample (generally representing with sequence number 105).Add alloy containing 0.5% manganese and 0.8% silicon outward pouring into composite material mould forehead.The ingot casting of matrix material taken from by test sample.Test sample book is put into quenching-in water in 550 DEG C of solid solutions after 1 hour.Then each solid solution sample is carried out the thermal treatment of Different periods in 170 DEG C, obtain different hardness.Aging curve is shown in Fig. 6.
Example 8
Method described in example 1 is adopted to prepare some matrix material samples.By ingot casting sample machine processing slivering base, then in mould, be squeezed into clavate and joist steel shape 400 to 550 DEG C of temperature ranges.Fig. 7 illustrates the extrusion molding sample without any visible surface defect.Other samples of part forge and press after 450 DEG C of preheatings, as shown in Figure 8.
Table 1
Listed by table 1, the analysis of matrix material shows, the present invention can facilitate the matrix material with a large amount of TiC sediment volume component to prepare at low temperatures with in shorter time, and without the need to preheating precursor.
Prepared by the present invention, the hardness of matrix material can reach 59Hv5, and the hardness of the Al-Si metal matrix composite adopting routine techniques to produce is only 44Hv5.The hardness adopting mechanical type to stir prepared matrix material is under similar conditions 30Hv5.In tension test, the Young's modulus of measured matrix material ingot casting is 90GPa, and fine aluminium is only 69GPa.Smallclothes sample cuts from ingot casting and forms in 450 DEG C of forge hots.Any crackle is there is not in these samples in forge hot.
Sliding wear testing shows, the wear resisting property of matrix material obtains showing and improves, and reaches 1.14mm 3/ km, and fine aluminium value arrives 2.27mm greatly 3/ km.
Although stress the regulation step of first-selected technique herein, do not departing under principle condition of the present invention, also having other steps many, also can carry out many changes to the step of first-selection.For those skilled in the art, based on explanation disclosed herein, such and such change can be carried out to preferred step of the present invention obviously, should be expressly understood for this reason, example described above, purely in order to illustrate for the purpose of the present invention, and can not limit its scope.

Claims (10)

1. prepare a technique for nanoparticle reinforced aluminum-based composite, described technique is made up of following steps:
A) pressurized carrier gas is used to be adopted by mixture pneumatic mode to inject the metallic aluminium of melting, and holding temperature 850 DEG C to 950 DEG C scopes to obtain melt, mixture comprises the metallic compound of (i) at least one, this compound is selected from titanium compound, vanadium compound and zirconium compounds, and (ii) at least one is containing nonmetallic compound, this compound is selected from carbon compound, boron-containing compound and oxygenatedchemicals;
B) carrier gas is adopted to stir melt 5 to 20 minutes to obtain the alloy of melting; And
C) casting the alloy of solidification of molten
Wherein, described nanoparticle reinforced aluminum-based composite contains the titanium carbide compound of the highest 15%, and the mass ratio of Ti/C in described titanium carbide be selected from 1.94,2.73 and 4.25 one of at least.
2. in technique according to claim 1, through the feeding machine that submerged lance is housed, by step a) in the pneumatic injection molten aluminum of at least one compound that comprises of mixture, described spray gun immerses in the metallic aluminium of melting.
3., in technique according to claim 1, carrier gas is selected from argon gas and nitrogen.
4. in technique according to claim 1, step a) in compound be selected from Potassium monofluoride titanium, titanium oxide, TiB2, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, zinc oxide and Red copper oxide.
5. in technique according to claim 1, step a) in compound be titanium compound, be selected from Potassium monofluoride titanium, titanium oxide.
6., in technique according to claim 1, metal-containing compound is Powdered.
7. in technique according to claim 1, be selected from carbon compound containing nonmetallic compound, be selected from Graphite Powder 99, carbonic acid gas and methane gas further.
8., in technique according to claim 1, selected metal-containing compound is a kind of titanium compound, is selected from carbon compound containing nonmetallic compound.
9. in technique according to claim 1, nanoparticle reinforced aluminum-based composite also comprises at least one alloyed metal, is selected from magnesium, copper, zinc and silicon.
10. the aluminum-base nano composite material adopting technique described in claim 1 to prepare.
CN201180006700.6A 2010-01-21 2011-01-20 Particulate aluminium matrix nano-composites and a process for producing the same Expired - Fee Related CN102791893B (en)

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