CN117942886A - 一种抗紫外农药微胶囊缓释剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种抗紫外农药微胶囊缓释剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN117942886A CN117942886A CN202311857572.7A CN202311857572A CN117942886A CN 117942886 A CN117942886 A CN 117942886A CN 202311857572 A CN202311857572 A CN 202311857572A CN 117942886 A CN117942886 A CN 117942886A
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- pesticide
- polyurethane
- ultraviolet
- chain extender
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J13/00—Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/02—Making microcapsules or microballoons
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
本发明属于农药制剂领域,具体为聚氨酯农药微胶囊技术。公开了一种抗紫外农药微胶囊缓释剂的制备方法,将接枝有邻苯二酚结构的聚氨酯预聚体加入到含有聚合多元醇的水相中混匀后,加入含农药的油相制成乳液;乳液中加入固化剂进行固化反应。制备聚氨酯预聚体时,选择含有邻苯二酚结构的酸性中和剂和含有阳离子的亲水扩链剂,中和剂的阴离子与亲水扩链剂上所含的阳离子结合,在聚氨酯中引入邻苯二酚结构的基团,而且生成的盐具有表面活性剂的作用,因此界面聚合反应时无需另外加入表面活性剂,所得到的聚氨酯微胶囊不仅具有良好的抗紫外功能,而且包封率高、亲水性好,具有很好的悬浮性、分散性和稳定性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及农药制剂技术领域,特别是涉及聚氨酯农药微胶囊技术领域。
背景技术
传统农药制剂在喷洒过程中大部分农药无法靶向植物叶片,且对作物叶片的有效持续时间不足以提供足够的害虫防治能力。喷洒过程中遇到的问题包括雾滴飘散、跳跃、滚落、雨水冲刷、分解,导致农药有效利用率低,一般利用率<10%,阳光中紫外线会诱发农药光降解。因此,迫切需要开发新的控制农药损失并提高利用效率的方法。
微胶囊技术是一种用天然或合成高分子成膜材料,把分散的固体、液体或气体包裹,使形成微小粒子的技术。该技术通过密闭的或半透性的壁膜,将目的物与周围环境隔离开来。农药微胶囊因能够降低农药的毒性、药害和环境污染,延长持效期和提高农药利用率等优点,成为农药剂型研发的热点之一。
与传统农药相比,微胶囊剂型提高了农药使用者的安全性,并减少了对非靶标的影响。聚氨酯微胶囊提高农药在叶片上的附着力,具有缓释效果,可延长农药的暴露时间,并通过增强农药在作物叶片上的沉积来提高农药的利用效率。
水性聚氨酯(WPU)在水性制剂中有良好的分散性。根据乳化剂的中和电荷,水性聚氨酯可分为阳离子型、阴离子型和非离子型。阳离子和阴离子水性聚氨酯的乳化分散性能和环境稳定性优于非离子水性聚氨酯。与其他水性聚氨酯相比,阳离子水性聚氨酯(Cationic Waterborne Polyurethane,CWPU)具有许多独特的性能,如对阴离子表面的强粘附力、生物活性刺激响应性、抗菌和载药能力。然而,与阴离子水性聚氨酯相比,阳离子水性聚氨酯具有固有的较弱的机械性能和耐水性,这限制了它们的实际应用。
而且环境中的紫外线对聚氨酯微胶囊结构也有破坏作用,现有的方法一般是在制备时,向微胶囊囊壳材料中添加抗紫外物质进行屏蔽。而掺杂的抗紫外物质与聚氨酯材料相容性不一定好,而且可能破坏聚氨酯微胶囊的机械强度或者其他性能。
儿茶酚基团被确定为某些海洋生物如贻贝和藤壶使用的许多天然粘合剂的共同成分。一系列基于聚酰胺、聚乙二醇、聚氨酯和聚丙烯酸酯的邻苯二酚官能化聚合体系已被报道具有增强的机械性能或粘合性能,例如通过两个邻苯二酚偶联引发胶聚合物链的分子间交联。
其中的邻苯二酚基团不仅可作为分子间的交联单元促进交联结构的优化,而且邻苯二酚基团中的苯共轭体系也可以有效地吸收紫外光,表现出优异的紫外屏蔽效果,可潜在地应用于紫外防护材料中。
因此需要对现有技术加以改进,在水性聚氨酯中引入邻苯二酚,一方面提高聚氨酯的机械强度和粘附性,一方面还能够赋予水相聚氨酯抗紫外性能,从而获得一种对植物附着力高、对环境影响小、药效持续时间长的新型农药剂型,以减少环境污染的风险,减少施用量,节省人力,降低成本。
发明内容
本发明旨在提供一种具有抗紫外效果、高粘附性的农药微胶囊缓释剂及制备方法。
本发明技术方案为:
一种抗紫外农药微胶囊缓释剂的制备方法,步骤包括:
(1)将接枝有邻苯二酚结构的聚氨酯预聚体加入到含有聚合多元醇II的水相中混匀后,加入油相制成乳液;农药溶解于有机溶剂II中,作为油相;
(2)乳液中加入固化剂进行固化反应,获得抗紫外农药微胶囊缓释剂。
所述接枝有邻苯二酚结构的聚氨酯预聚体的制备方法为:
(a)聚合多元醇I、多异氰酸酯、催化剂与有机溶剂I混合,进行预聚合;
(b)向预聚合后的体系中加入阳离子亲水扩链剂和小分子扩链剂,进行扩链反应,加入含有邻苯二酚结构的中和剂进行中和反应,得到含有邻苯二酚结构的聚氨酯预聚体。
所述阳离子亲水扩链剂为含有叔胺基的二元醇亲水扩链剂,结构式如式A或B所示:
其中R1-R3为H或者C1-C8亚烷基,优选为H或者C1-C5亚烷基;R1-R3可以是相同或不同的基团;R4为C1-C8亚烷基,优选为C1-C5亚烷基;R5、R6可以是相同或不同的基团,为C1-C8烷基,优选C1-C5亚烷基。
优选的,所述含有叔胺基的亲水扩链剂选自3-二甲氨基-1,2-丙二醇(DMAD)或4-二甲氨基-1,2-丁二醇。
所述含有邻苯二酚结构的中和剂为酸性中和剂,还含有羧基、磺酸基中的至少一种,优选为3,4-二羟基苯甲酸(DBA)、3,4-二羟基苯基乙酸、3,4-二羟基苯基丙酸、4-(3,4-二羟基苯基)丁酸、3,4-二羟基苯磺酸中的一种或几种。
所述的小分子扩链剂为小分子多元醇,选自乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,6-己二醇、新戊二醇、二缩二乙二醇、一缩二丙二醇、1,2,6-己三醇、季戊四醇、甘油、三羟甲基丙烷中的一种或几种。
进一步地,含有邻苯二酚结构的中和剂分散在水中后,搅拌条件下将其加入反应体系进行中和反应。搅拌速率为500-2500rpm。
所述的聚合多元醇I和聚合多元醇II选自聚酯多元醇、聚丁二烯多元醇、聚四氢呋喃多元醇、聚碳酸酯多元醇、聚己内酯多元醇、聚乳酸多元醇和聚醚多元醇中的至少一种或几种。聚合多元醇I和聚合多元醇II的数均分子量为200~4000。优选的,聚合多元醇I的数均分子量为200~4000,更优选为400~2000。优选的,聚合多元醇II的数均分子量为200~1000,更优选为200~800。优选的,所述聚合多元醇I和聚合多元醇II为聚乙二醇(PEG)、聚丙二醇(PPG)和聚四氢呋喃二醇(PTMG)。聚合多元醇I和聚合多元醇II可以相同或者不同。
所述多异氰酸酯选自异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、甲苯二异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯、四甲基苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯和赖氨酸二异氰酸酯和多亚甲基多苯基异氰酸酯中的一种或多种。
聚氨酯预聚体以多异氰酸酯、聚合多元醇I的总量计,与农药原药的质量比为1:0.3-6,优选为1:0.5-3。
步骤(a)预聚合的条件为:30-95℃下反应1-6h,优选为60-90℃下反应1.5-4h。
步骤(a)中,以多异氰酸酯、聚合多元醇I的总量计,催化剂的用量为0-3wt%,优选为0.1wt%-1wt%。
步骤(a)中,所述多异氰酸酯与聚合多元醇I的质量比为1:0.3-4;优选为1:0.5-2.5。多异氰酸酯与有机溶剂I的质量比为1:0.3-3,优选为1:0.3-1.5。
步骤(b)扩链反应条件为:20-90℃下反应1-6h,优选为50-80℃下反应1.5-4h。
含有邻苯二酚结构的中和剂与阳离子亲水扩链剂的摩尔比为1:0.8-1.1,优选为1:1。
多异氰酸酯与小分子扩链剂的质量比为1:0.05-1.5,优选为1:0.1-0.6;多异氰酸酯与含有叔胺基的亲水扩链剂的质量比为1:0.01-1.5,优选为1:0.1-0.6。
步骤(1),所述的油相与水相质量比为1:0.5-3,优选为1:0.8-2。
所述的多异氰酸酯与聚合多元醇II的质量比为1:0.05-0.5,优选为1:0.05-0.2。
步骤(1)所述乳化条件为,5000-12000rpm下剪切5-10min。
步骤(2)中,固化剂的用量为乳液的0.5wt%-4wt%。
所述固化反应条件为:30-90℃下反应1-6h,优选为40-80℃下反应1.5-4h。更为优选的,在100-800rpm搅拌下进行反应。
步骤(2)所述的固化剂为含有胺的有机物,选自乙二胺、己二胺、二乙烯三胺、三乙烯四胺、四乙烯五胺、3,3'-二氨基二丙基胺、三(2-氨基乙基)胺、双六甲基三胺、五乙烯己胺、三亚乙基四胺、聚乙二醇二胺、异佛尔酮二胺、葡甲胺、2,2-二羟甲基丁醇聚乙二醇二胺、哌嗪、1,4-双(3-氨基丙基)哌嗪、聚醚胺D230、聚醚胺D400、赖氨酸、赖氨酸二乙酯、胍、1,3-二氨基胍盐酸盐、1,1-二甲基双胍盐酸盐、碳酸胍、双3-氨基丙基-1,3-丙二胺、支化聚乙烯亚胺、三聚氰胺、3,5-二氨基-1,2,4-三唑、三(2-氨基乙基)胺、N,N'-双(3-氨基丙基)乙二胺。
优选的,催化剂为二丁基氧化锡、二丁酸二丁基锡、二丁酸二甲基锡、二丁酸二辛基锡、二乙酸二丁基锡、二乙酸二甲基锡、二月桂酸二丁基锡、二月桂酸二甲基锡、二月桂酸二辛基锡、二油酸二丁基锡、二油酸二甲基锡、二油酸二辛基锡、二硫基乙酸异辛酯二丁基锡、二硫基乙酸异辛酯二甲基锡、二硫基乙酸异辛酯二辛基锡、二辛癸酸二丁基锡、二辛癸酸二甲基锡、二辛癸酸二辛基锡、二醋酸二丁基锡、二醋酸二甲基锡中的一种。
所述有机溶剂I和有机溶剂II包括但不限于酯类、酮类、芳烃。
所述酯类溶剂为乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丙酯、乙酸异丙酯、乙酸丁酯、乙酸戊酯、乙酸仲丁酯、乙酸苄酯、乙酸辛酯、乙酸异戊酯、乙酸己酯、乙酸3-辛酯、乙酸1-辛烯-3酯、γ-戊内酯、碳酸丙烯酯、乙酰乙酸乙酯、乙酸3,5,5-三甲基己酯、3-甲基-乙酸2-丁烯酯、异戊酯丁酸酯,丁酸己酯,巴豆酸己酯、异戊酸乙酯、2-甲基戊酸乙酯、己酸乙酯、己酸烯丙酯、庚酸乙酯、辛酸乙酯、2-辛酸甲酯、2-壬酸甲酯、柠檬酸异戊酯和二价酸酯中的任意一种或多种。
酮类溶剂为丙酮、丁酮、甲基丁酮、甲基异丁酮、甲苯环己酮、环己酮、苯乙酮、2-庚酮、2-辛酮、3-辛酮、2-壬酮、5-甲基-3-庚酮中的任意一种或多种。
芳烃溶剂油选自二甲苯、三甲苯、100号溶剂油、150号溶剂油或200号溶剂油中的任意一种或多种。
其它溶剂还可以选用N,N-二甲基癸酰胺、N-辛基吡咯烷酮等。
通过上述方法,可以获得一种抗紫外农药微胶囊缓释剂,以邻苯二酚修饰的阳离子水性聚氨酯作为囊壁,囊芯载有农药。
优选的,农药原药为氯氟氰菊酯、咪鲜胺、毒死蜱、二甲戊灵、肟菌酯、氟乐灵、氟菌唑、氰氟草酯、联苯菊酯、稻瘟灵、吡唑醚菌酯、乙氧氟草醚、丁氟螨酯、嘧菌环胺、己唑醇、阿维菌素、多菌灵、甲维盐、百菌清、戊唑醇、精甲霜灵、炔草酯、丁草胺、苯醚甲环唑、丙环唑、噁霉灵、粉唑醇、烯唑醇、腈菌唑、丙炔噁草酮、三唑酮、嘧菌环胺、嘧菌酯、氟菌唑、氟环唑、烯草酮、抑霉唑、三唑醇、双苯三唑醇、环唑醇、赤霉素中的一种或几种。
这种抗紫外农药微胶囊缓释剂包封率在90%以上,并且具有良好的粘附性、分散性、稳定性和悬浮性,粘附率超过70%,并且具有良好的抗紫外效果,能够满足农业生产的实际需求。
本发明在制备聚氨酯预聚体时,选择含有邻苯二酚结构的酸性中和剂和含有阳离子的亲水扩链剂,中和剂的阴离子与亲水扩链剂上的阳离子结合,从而在聚氨酯中引入邻苯二酚结构的基团;同时,聚氨酯预聚物经中和反应后生成的盐具有表面活性剂的作用,因此用乳液进行界面聚合反应时无需另外加入表面活性剂、分散剂等,而且所形成的聚氨酯微胶囊的亲水性好,具有很好的悬浮性、分散性和稳定性,并且能微胶囊的包封率高。
中和剂中的邻苯二酚结构通过亲水扩链剂上阳离子接枝到囊壁上,不仅使之具有抗紫外效果,避免阳光对聚氨酯微胶囊的破坏,而且邻苯二酚结构提供了丰富的氢键反应位点,大大提高了微胶囊囊壳的力学性能;还可以利用邻苯二酚结构增加聚氨酯农药微胶囊对叶面的吸附力、粘附性能,从而增强农药微囊在作物叶片上的沉积时间,提高农药的利用效率。
本发明的有益效果在于:
1)本发明采用邻苯二酚官能团接枝的中和方法,不同于传统的功能化修饰或者添加防紫外剂,也不需要额外添加表面活性剂,工艺简单,绿色环保,有利于大规模工业应用;
2)通过在聚氨酯分子结构中引入邻苯二酚官能团,同步改善聚合物分子交联性、机械性能、附着力和抗紫外性能;
3)邻苯二酚基团进一步优化了阳离子型水性聚氨酯(CWPU)农药微胶囊的性能,所得到的农药微胶囊具有良好的分散性、悬浮率,包封率高,并且抗紫外效果好,有效降低紫外线对微胶囊的破坏,并且粘附性能强,提高了农药的利用率,可减少施药次数和用量。
附图说明
图1为实施例1的预聚体合成路线示意图;
图2为实施例1农药微胶囊缓释剂的电镜图;
图3为实施例1农药微胶囊缓释剂的防紫外效果。
具体实施方式
实施例1
(1)预聚体制备
20g聚四氢呋喃二醇PTMG-1000、17.76g异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯IPDI、0.3g月桂酸二丁基锡和10g环己酮混合,85℃预聚合2h。向反应体系中滴加1.8g 1,4-丁二醇和2.38g 3-二甲氨基-1,2-丙二醇(20mmol)在70℃下聚合反应3h用于聚氨酯扩链。
将反应物冷却至室温,并在1600rpm高速搅拌条件下加入溶解于5g蒸馏水的3,4-二羟基苯甲酸获得带有邻苯二酚结构的聚氨酯预聚体。3-二甲氨基-1,2-丙二醇与3,4-二羟基苯甲酸摩尔比为1:1。
预聚体反应路线如图1所示。
(2)油相的制备
称取31g苯醚甲环唑和15.3g吡唑醚菌酯,溶解15g乙酸丁酯中,获得油相。
(3)水相的制备
将聚乙二醇PEG-400溶解于去离子水配制成2wt%溶液,作为水相。
(4)微胶囊的制备
将步骤(1)制备的预聚体混合物与水相混合,搅拌均匀,水相的用量为油相1.2倍质量;再加入步骤(2)所制备的油相,10000rpm剪切8min进行乳化。
乳液中加入2g二乙烯三胺进行固化反应,500rpm搅拌、60℃下反应3h,获得24%苯醚甲环唑·吡唑醚菌酯防紫外聚氨酯微胶囊缓释剂,呈乳白色。
采用扫描电子显微镜对本实施例制备的农药微胶囊缓释剂进行观察,得到的电镜扫描图如图2所示。
从图2可见,农药微胶囊形貌规整,呈圆球形,粒径分布在0.5-3μm,分布较为均匀。通过在光镜和电镜下观察微囊大小和均一度,并使用激光粒度仪和ZATA电势仪表征微囊粒径具体数值以及PDI数值等,测得平均粒径为1.9μm。
用GB/T 14825-2006的方法检测悬浮率。并用以下方法测定微胶囊包封率:
准确称取0.01g微胶囊干燥样品,用甲醇定容至100mL,静置5min,离心后采用紫外分光光度法测量吸光度。超声处理30min后离心使其中的农药全部释放后再次测量其吸光度。通过标准曲线法计算微胶囊中农药有效成分的质量,根据公式(I)计算包封率:
包封率(%)=微胶囊中有效成分质量/投入的原药质量×100
测得微胶囊悬浮率大于90%,包封率92%,粘附率超过70%。并且稳定性好,不易发生分层或沉淀的情况。自分散性较好,并且用水稀释100倍混匀静置后4h,没有分层或沉淀。
以体积比1:1的甲醇水溶液作为缓释介质,测定其释放率,80h的累计释放率59%,具有较好的缓释性能。
对照例1
(1)20g聚四氢呋喃二醇PTMG-1000、17.76g异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯IPDI、0.3g月桂酸二丁基锡和10g环己酮混合,85℃预聚合2h。加入3.6g 1,4-丁二醇,在70℃下聚合反应3h用于聚氨酯扩链,得到聚氨酯预聚物。
(2)称取31g苯醚甲环唑和15.3g吡唑醚菌酯,溶解于15g乙酸丁酯中,与步骤(1)获得的聚氨酯预聚物混合,制得油相。
(3)十二烷基磺酸钠用去离子水配制成10wt%溶液,作为水相。
(4)油相和水相按照1:1.2质量比混合,10000rpm剪切8min进行乳化;
乳液中加入2g二乙烯三胺进行固化反应,500rpm搅拌、60℃下反应3h,得到聚氨酯缓释胶囊悬浮剂。
实施例1所制备微胶囊悬浮剂、农药原药和对照例1制备的微胶囊悬浮剂,用甲醇配制成相同含药量的悬浮剂分散液,分别在紫外灯(36W,254nm)下照射,每隔一段时间取样,用高效液相色谱计算浓度。紫外线照射时间(h)与原药保留率的关系图如图3所示。从图3中可以看出,现有方法所制备的微胶囊和本发明所制备的抗紫外农药微胶囊,对于原药在紫外下的降解都有保护作用,但实施例1防紫外微胶囊中农药的降解速率明显低于未包裹的原药和对照例1的农药聚氨酯微胶囊,说明本发明的微胶囊抗紫外效果良好。
实施例2
(1)预聚体制备
18g聚丙烯醇PPG-1000,15.1g六亚甲基二异氰酸、0.2g辛酸亚锡和10g环己酮混合,85℃水浴中预聚合2h。向反应体系中滴加2g 1,4-丁二醇和3g 3-二甲氨基-1,2-丙二醇(25.2mmol)用于聚氨酯扩链。
在70℃下反应3h后,将反应物冷却至室温,并在高速搅拌(1600rpm)下加入溶解在5g蒸馏水中的3,4-二羟基苯磺酸,获得带有邻苯二酚结构的聚氨酯预聚体。3-二甲氨基-1,2-丙二醇与3,4-二羟基苯磺酸摩尔比为1:1。
(2)油相的制备
30g稻瘟灵和25g咪鲜胺溶解于20g三甲苯,获得油相。
(3)水相的制备
将聚乙二醇PEG-400与去离子水配制成3wt%溶液,作为水相。
(4)微胶囊的制备
将步骤(1)制备的预聚体混合物与水相混合,搅拌均匀,水相的用量为油相1倍质量;再加入步骤(2)所制备的油相,10000rpm剪切10min进行乳化。
乳液中加入2g二乙烯三胺进行固化反应,500rpm搅拌、60℃下反应3h,获得28%稻瘟灵·咪鲜胺微胶囊缓释剂。
经检测,微胶囊的平均粒径为1.7μm,悬浮率大于90%,包封率93%。
实施例3
(1)预聚体制备
16g聚乙二醇PEG-1000,31.3g二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯、0.3g二丁基氧化锡和10g环己酮混合,80℃预聚合2h。向反应体系中滴加4g 1,6-己二醇和4g 3-二甲氨基-1,2-丙二醇(33.6mmol)用于聚氨酯扩链。在70℃下反应3h后,将反应物冷却至室温,并在高速搅拌(1600rpm)下加入溶解在5g蒸馏水中的3,4-二羟基苯磺酸,获得带有邻苯二酚结构的聚氨酯预聚体。3-二甲氨基-1,2-丙二醇与3,4-二羟基苯磺酸摩尔比为1:1。
(2)油相的制备
20g吡唑醚菌酯和32g苯醚甲环唑溶解于20g三甲苯,获得油相。
(3)水相的制备
将聚乙二醇PEG-400与去离子水配制成2wt%溶液,作为水相。
(4)微胶囊的制备
将步骤(1)制备的预聚体混合物与水相混合,搅拌均匀,水相的用量为油相1.2倍质量;再加入步骤(2)所制备的油相,12000rpm剪切6min进行乳化。
乳液中加入4g葡甲胺进行固化反应,500rpm搅拌、65℃下反应3h,获得20%苯醚甲环唑·吡唑醚菌酯微胶囊缓释剂。
经检测,微胶囊的平均粒径为2.2μm,悬浮率大于90%,包封率95%。
实施例2和3的微胶囊缓释剂,粘附率超过70%,并且微胶囊在紫外线下照射48h后,农药原药的保留率不低于35%,可满足农业生产的实际需求。
Claims (9)
1.一种抗紫外农药微胶囊缓释剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤包括:
(1)将接枝有邻苯二酚结构的聚氨酯预聚体加入到含有聚合多元醇的水相中混匀后,加入油相制成乳液;农药溶解于有机溶剂中,作为油相;
(2)乳液中加入固化剂进行固化反应,获得抗紫外农药微胶囊缓释剂。
所述接枝有邻苯二酚结构的聚氨酯预聚体的制备方法为:
(a)聚合多元醇、多异氰酸酯、催化剂进行预聚合;
(b)向预聚合后的体系中加入阳离子亲水扩链剂和小分子扩链剂,进行扩链反应,加入含有邻苯二酚结构的中和剂进行中和反应,得到含有邻苯二酚结构的聚氨酯预聚体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述阳离子亲水扩链剂为含有叔胺基的二元醇亲水扩链剂,结构式如式A或B所示:
其中R1-R3为H或者C1-C8亚烷基,R4为C1-C8亚烷基;R5、R6为C1-C8烷基。
3.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述含有叔胺基的亲水扩链剂为3-二甲氨基-1,2-丙二醇或4-二甲氨基-1,2-丁二醇。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述含有邻苯二酚结构的中和剂为酸性中和剂,含有羧基、磺酸基中的至少一种。
5.根据权利要求1或4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述含有邻苯二酚结构的中和剂为3,4-二羟基苯甲酸(DBA)、3,4-二羟基苯基乙酸、3,4-二羟基苯基丙酸、4-(3,4-二羟基苯基)丁酸或3,4-二羟基苯磺酸。
6.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的小分子扩链剂为小分子多元醇。
7.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)所述的固化剂为多元胺。
8.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的聚合多元醇I和聚合多元醇II选自聚酯多元醇、聚丁二烯多元醇、聚四氢呋喃多元醇、聚碳酸酯多元醇、聚己内酯多元醇、聚乳酸多元醇和聚醚多元醇。
9.一种抗紫外农药微胶囊缓释剂,其特征在于,通过权利要求1-8任一项所述的制备方法制备。
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