CN117928399B - Coaxial thermocouple insulating layer thickness measuring device and method based on polarized light imaging - Google Patents
Coaxial thermocouple insulating layer thickness measuring device and method based on polarized light imaging Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of sensor detection, and discloses a coaxial thermocouple insulating layer thickness measuring device and method based on polarized light imaging. The measuring device comprises a clamping device, an incident light device, a reflected light device and a computer. Linearly polarized light emitted by an incident light source is reflected by a measuring end face of the coaxial thermocouple and enters the polarization-detecting plate, and is amplified by the zoom lens and imaged on the camera. The measurement method utilizes the imaging characteristics of polarized light caused by the difference of nonmetal materials of the insulating layer and metal materials of the electrode tube and the electrode wire to improve the imaging contrast, so that a high-gradient gray level boundary formed by the difference of thermocouple end surface materials is equivalent to the insulating layer boundary, and the insulating layer is positioned and the thickness of the insulating layer is obtained through polarization degree imaging; the polarization degree image and the insulating layer thickness can be automatically acquired and calculated by controlling and adjusting the incident angle, the polarization analysis angle, the camera and the like of the light source, so that the high-precision insulating layer thickness data can be further ensured to be acquired.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of sensor detection, and particularly relates to a coaxial thermocouple insulating layer thickness measuring device and method based on polarized light imaging.
Background
The coaxial thermocouple consists of an electrode tube and an electrode wire with the surface coated with insulating paint, the insulating paint forms an insulating layer, the electrode tube and the electrode wire are coaxially assembled, and the electrode tube and the electrode wire are insulated through the insulating layer. The coaxial thermocouple is a temperature measuring sensor, the temperature is measured by using the thermoelectric effect, and when the temperatures at two ends of the coaxial thermocouple are different, electromotive force is generated inside the coaxial thermocouple, and the magnitude of the electromotive force is in direct proportion to the temperature difference. The coaxial thermocouple is simple, reliable and low in cost, has the advantages of high response speed, simple structure, high measurement precision and the like, is particularly suitable for dynamic measurement, and is widely applied to the fields of industrial manufacture, scientific research, aerospace and the like.
Before the coaxial thermocouple is used, the measuring end face of the coaxial thermocouple is polished by sand paper, so that metal fragments of the electrode tube or the electrode wire are mutually connected across the insulating layer to form a hot junction, a dynamic voltage signal is formed at the hot junction between the electrode tube and the electrode wire after transient temperature change is sensed, at the moment, the electrode tube, the electrode wire, the hot junction and external equipment form a passage together, and temperature measurement is carried out through electrical signal change.
The thickness of the insulating layer is a key structural parameter related to the dynamic response characteristic of the coaxial thermocouple, the smaller the thickness of the insulating layer of the measuring end face is, the better the measuring precision and the response speed are, and the thickness of the insulating layer is reduced as much as possible in the assembly production process of the coaxial thermocouple, so that the application quality and the effect of the sensor are improved. Therefore, how to quickly and accurately measure the thickness of the insulating layer at the measuring end face of the coaxial thermocouple is a key process link and a technical difficulty of quality inspection in the production process of the coaxial thermocouple.
Because the colors and the brightness of various materials on the end face of the coaxial thermocouple measurement are different, in the past, the thickness of the insulating layer is extracted through contrast conversion according to the image color information of the end face of the coaxial thermocouple measurement. However, the method has lower measurement accuracy due to factors such as diffuse reflection stray light interference of the end face and the like.
Currently, development of a coaxial thermocouple insulation layer thickness measurement device and method based on polarized light imaging is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a coaxial thermocouple insulating layer thickness measuring device based on polarized light imaging, and the other technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a coaxial thermocouple insulating layer thickness measuring method based on polarized light imaging, which is used for overcoming the defects of the prior art.
The invention relates to a coaxial thermocouple insulating layer thickness measuring device based on polarized light imaging, which is characterized by comprising a clamping device, an incident light device, a reflected light device and a computer;
the clamping device comprises a thermocouple bracket and a clamp fixed on the thermocouple bracket; the coaxial thermocouple is fixed on the fixture, and the measuring end face of the coaxial thermocouple is perpendicular to the central axis of the coaxial thermocouple;
The incident light device comprises an incident light source, a collimating lens and a polarizing plate which are sequentially arranged on an incident light path of the incident light source; the polarizing plate is fixed on an electric polarization rotating frame I, and the electric polarization rotating frame I is connected with a rotating frame driver I through a rotating frame cable I; the light source controller is connected to the computer through a light source control data line; the rotating frame driver I is used for controlling the rotating angle of the electric polarization rotating frame I, and is connected to the computer through a rotating frame driver data line I;
The reflected light device comprises a polarization-detecting sheet, a zoom lens and a camera which are sequentially arranged along a reflected light path; the polarization detecting sheet is fixed on the electric polarization rotating frame II; the camera is connected to the computer through a camera data line; still including control electronic polarization swivel mount II rotation angle's swivel mount driver II, electronic polarization swivel mount II passes through swivel mount cable II and connects swivel mount driver II, and swivel mount driver II passes through swivel mount driver data line II and is connected to the computer.
The invention discloses a coaxial thermocouple insulating layer thickness measuring method based on polarized light imaging, which comprises the following steps:
S10, polishing the measuring end face of the coaxial thermocouple until the preset roughness is reached, and simultaneously ensuring that the measuring end face of the coaxial thermocouple is perpendicular to the central axis of the coaxial thermocouple;
S20, mounting the coaxial thermocouple on a clamp, and adjusting the measuring end face of the coaxial thermocouple to enable the measuring end face of the coaxial thermocouple to be opposite to the zoom lens;
s30, setting an incident angle theta 1 of an incident light source;
S40, setting a polarization angle theta of the polarizer;
s50, turning on an incident light source, reflecting linearly polarized light emitted by the incident light source through a measuring end face of a coaxial thermocouple, entering a polarization-detecting plate, amplifying through a zoom lens, and imaging on a camera;
S60, the computer program-control adjusts the polarization angle of the polarization-detecting sheet through PC end software, and the polarization angle of the polarization-detecting sheet is set to be 0 degree, 45 degrees, 90 degrees and 135 degrees in sequence; acquiring image data corresponding to the four polarization angles through a camera; finally, carrying out Stokes vector model calculation by using Matlab software through a linear polarization imaging method to obtain a polarization degree image corresponding to the incident angle theta 1;
S70, in the range of 0-30 degrees, the step length is 5 degrees, the incident angle theta 1 to the incident angle theta 2, the incident angles theta 3, … … and the incident angle theta 6 of incident light are sequentially adjusted, S40-S60 are repeated, and the camera acquires images of each incident angle and the corresponding polarization degree; comparing the polarization degree images under each incident angle, and taking an optimal polarization degree image;
The optimal polarization degree image is formed by defining a polarization degree image with the highest imaging contrast of two materials as the optimal polarization degree image by utilizing the fact that the polarization characteristics of a metal material and a nonmetal insulating layer material of a coaxial thermocouple are different, and the corresponding incident angle is the optimal incident angle;
S80, for the optimal polarization degree image, calibrating a visual field through a physical scale to obtain the physical size of pixels of the optimal polarization degree image, converting the thickness of the insulating layer according to the number of pixels occupied by the thickness of the insulating layer in the optimal polarization degree image to obtain the annular thickness of the insulating layer of the coaxial thermocouple, and outputting the annular thickness of the insulating layer through a computer.
Further, for the metal material, the polarization angle θ of the polarizer is 60 °.
Further, the linear polarization imaging method comprises the following steps:
s61, according to Stokes vector model Describing polarization information, the formula is as follows:
，
Wherein, And/>Polarization degree images obtained by acquisition and processing at polarization analysis angles of 0 degrees, 45 degrees, 90 degrees and 135 degrees respectively,/>Is right-handed polarized light,/>Is light with left-hand polarization; s0 denotes total light intensity, S1 denotes linear polarization information between the polarization angles 0 ° and 90 °, S2 denotes linear polarization information between the polarization angles 45 ° and 135 °, S3 denotes circular polarization information, s3=0;
S62, for linearly polarized light, stokes vector model The simplification is as follows:
，
S63, obtaining a polarization degree image corresponding to the incident angle theta 1 ：
。
According to the coaxial thermocouple insulating layer thickness measuring device and method based on polarized light imaging, the imaging contrast is improved by utilizing the polarized light imaging characteristic difference caused by the fact that the nonmetal material of the insulating layer is different from the metal material of the electrode tube and the electrode wire, and then the high-gradient gray level boundary formed by the material difference of the thermocouple end face is equivalent to the insulating layer boundary, and the insulating layer is positioned and the thickness is obtained through polarization degree imaging; the polarization degree image and the insulating layer thickness can be automatically acquired and calculated by controlling and adjusting the incident angle, the polarization analysis angle, the camera and the like of the light source, so that the high-precision insulating layer thickness data can be further ensured to be acquired.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a coaxial thermocouple insulation layer thickness measuring device based on polarized light imaging according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a coaxial thermocouple insulation layer thickness measurement method based on polarized light imaging.
In the figure, 1. An incident light source; 2. a light source controller; 3. a collimating lens; 4. an electric polarization rotating frame I; 5. a rotating frame driver I; 6. a polarizing plate; 7. a coaxial thermocouple; 8. a clamp; 9. a thermocouple support; 10. a camera; 11. a zoom lens; 12. an electric polarization rotating frame II; 13. a camera data line; 14. a light source control data line; 15. a rotating frame driver data line I; 16. a rotating frame driver data line II; 17. a computer; 18. a polarization-detecting sheet; 19. a rotating frame driver II; 20. rotating the rack cable I; 21. and rotating the rack cable II.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the drawings and examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the present invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that variations and modifications could be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the inventive concept. These are all within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1: as shown in fig. 1, the coaxial thermocouple insulation layer thickness measuring device based on polarized light imaging of the present embodiment includes a holding device, an incident light device, a reflected light device, and a computer 17;
The clamping device comprises a thermocouple bracket 9 and a clamp 8 fixed on the thermocouple bracket 9; the coaxial thermocouple 7 is fixed on the clamp 8, and the measuring end face of the coaxial thermocouple 7 is perpendicular to the central axis of the coaxial thermocouple 7;
The incident light device comprises an incident light source 1, a collimating lens 3 and a polarizing plate 6 which are sequentially arranged on the incident light path of the incident light source 1; the polarizing plate 6 is fixed on the electric polarization rotating frame I4, and the electric polarization rotating frame I4 is connected with the rotating frame driver I5 through a rotating frame cable I20; a light source controller 2 for controlling the incident light source 1, the light source controller 2 being connected to a computer 17 through a light source control data line 14; the motor-driven polarization rotating frame also comprises a rotating frame driver I5 for controlling the rotating angle of the motor-driven polarization rotating frame I4, and the rotating frame driver I5 is connected to the computer 17 through a rotating frame driver data line I15;
The reflected light device comprises a polarization analyzer 18, a zoom lens 11 and a camera 10 which are sequentially arranged along the reflected light path; the polarization analyzer 18 is fixed on the electric polarization rotating frame II 12; the camera 10 is connected to a computer 17 through a camera data line 13; the motor-driven polarization rotating frame also comprises a rotating frame driver II 19 for controlling the rotating angle of the motor-driven polarization rotating frame II 12, wherein the motor-driven polarization rotating frame II 12 is connected with the rotating frame driver II 19 through a rotating frame cable II 21, and the rotating frame driver II 19 is connected to the computer 17 through a rotating frame driver data line II 16.
As shown in fig. 2, the coaxial thermocouple insulation layer thickness measurement method based on polarized light imaging of the present embodiment includes the following steps:
s10, polishing the measuring end face of the coaxial thermocouple 7 until reaching a preset roughness, and simultaneously ensuring that the measuring end face of the coaxial thermocouple 7 is perpendicular to the central axis of the coaxial thermocouple 7;
s20, mounting the coaxial thermocouple 7 on the clamp 8, and adjusting the measuring end face of the coaxial thermocouple 7 so that the measuring end face of the coaxial thermocouple 7 is opposite to the zoom lens 11;
s30, setting an incident angle theta 1 of the incident light source 1;
s40, setting a polarization angle theta of the polarizer 6;
s50, turning on an incident light source 1, reflecting linearly polarized light emitted by the incident light source 1 through a measuring end face of a coaxial thermocouple 7, entering a polarization-detecting plate 18, amplifying through a zoom lens 11, and imaging on a camera 10;
s60, the computer 17 adjusts the polarization angle of the polarization analyzer 18 through PC end software program control, and the polarization angle of the polarization analyzer 18 is set to be 0 degree, 45 degrees, 90 degrees and 135 degrees in sequence; acquiring image data corresponding to the four polarization angles through the camera 10; finally, carrying out Stokes vector model calculation by using Matlab software through a linear polarization imaging method to obtain a polarization degree image corresponding to the incident angle theta 1;
S70, in the range of 0-30 degrees, the step length is 5 degrees, the incident angle theta 1 to the incident angle theta 2, the incident angles theta 3, … … and the incident angle theta 6 of incident light are sequentially adjusted, S40-S60 are repeated, and the camera 10 acquires images of each incident angle and the corresponding polarization degree; comparing the polarization degree images under each incident angle, and taking an optimal polarization degree image;
the optimal polarization degree image is obtained by defining a polarization degree image with the highest imaging contrast of two materials as the optimal polarization degree image by utilizing the fact that the polarization characteristics of the metal material and the nonmetal insulating layer material of the coaxial thermocouple 7 are different, and the corresponding incident angle is the optimal incident angle;
S80, for the optimal polarization degree image, the field of view is calibrated through a physical scale, the physical size of pixels of the optimal polarization degree image is obtained, the thickness of the insulating layer is converted according to the number of pixels occupied by the thickness of the insulating layer in the optimal polarization degree image, the annular thickness of the insulating layer of the coaxial thermocouple 7 is obtained, and the annular thickness of the insulating layer is output through the computer 17.
Further, for the metal material, the polarization angle θ of the polarizer 6 is 60 °.
Further, the linear polarization imaging method comprises the following steps:
s61, according to Stokes vector model Describing polarization information, the formula is as follows:
，
Wherein, And/>Polarization degree images obtained by acquisition and processing at polarization analysis angles of 0 degrees, 45 degrees, 90 degrees and 135 degrees respectively,/>Is right-handed polarized light,/>Is light with left-hand polarization; s0 denotes total light intensity, S1 denotes linear polarization information between the polarization angles 0 ° and 90 °, S2 denotes linear polarization information between the polarization angles 45 ° and 135 °, S3 denotes circular polarization information, s3=0;
S62, for linearly polarized light, stokes vector model The simplification is as follows:
，
S63, obtaining a polarization degree image corresponding to the incident angle theta 1 ：
。
Claims (3)
1. The coaxial thermocouple insulation layer thickness measuring method based on polarized light imaging is characterized in that the coaxial thermocouple insulation layer thickness measuring method based on polarized light imaging is used for a coaxial thermocouple insulation layer thickness measuring device based on polarized light imaging, and the coaxial thermocouple insulation layer thickness measuring device based on polarized light imaging comprises a clamping device, an incident light device, a reflected light device and a computer (17);
the clamping device comprises a thermocouple bracket (9) and a clamp (8) fixed on the thermocouple bracket (9); the coaxial thermocouple (7) is fixed on the clamp (8), and the measuring end surface of the coaxial thermocouple (7) is perpendicular to the central axis of the coaxial thermocouple (7);
The incident light device comprises an incident light source (1), a collimating lens (3) and a polarizing plate (6) which are sequentially arranged on an incident light path of the incident light source (1); the polarizing plate (6) is fixed on the electric polarization rotating frame I (4), and the electric polarization rotating frame I (4) is connected with the rotating frame driver I (5) through a rotating frame cable I (20); comprises a light source controller (2) for controlling an incident light source (1), wherein the light source controller (2) is connected to a computer (17) through a light source control data line (14); the device also comprises a rotating frame driver I (5) for controlling the rotating angle of the electric polarization rotating frame I (4), wherein the rotating frame driver I (5) is connected to a computer (17) through a rotating frame driver data line I (15);
the reflected light device comprises a polarization analyzer (18), a zoom lens (11) and a camera (10) which are sequentially arranged along a reflected light path; the polarization analyzer (18) is fixed on the electric polarization rotating frame II (12); the camera (10) is connected to the computer (17) through a camera data line (13); the system also comprises a rotating frame driver II (19) for controlling the rotating angle of the electric polarization rotating frame II (12), wherein the electric polarization rotating frame II (12) is connected with the rotating frame driver II (19) through a rotating frame cable II (21), and the rotating frame driver II (19) is connected to the computer (17) through a rotating frame driver data line II (16);
the coaxial thermocouple insulating layer thickness measuring method based on polarized light imaging comprises the following steps:
S10, polishing the measuring end surface of the coaxial thermocouple (7) until reaching a preset roughness, and simultaneously ensuring that the measuring end surface of the coaxial thermocouple (7) is perpendicular to the central axis of the coaxial thermocouple (7);
s20, mounting the coaxial thermocouple (7) on a clamp (8), and adjusting the measuring end surface of the coaxial thermocouple (7) to enable the measuring end surface of the coaxial thermocouple (7) to be opposite to a zoom lens (11);
S30, setting an incident angle theta 1 of an incident light source (1);
S40, setting a polarization angle theta of the polarizer (6);
S50, turning on an incident light source (1), reflecting linearly polarized light emitted by the incident light source (1) through a measuring end face of a coaxial thermocouple (7), entering an analyzer (18), amplifying through a zoom lens (11), and imaging on a camera (10);
S60, the polarization angle of the polarization-detecting sheet (18) is adjusted by the computer (17) through PC end software program control, and the polarization angles of the polarization-detecting sheet (18) are set to be 0 degrees, 45 degrees, 90 degrees and 135 degrees in sequence; acquiring image data corresponding to the four polarization angles through a camera (10); finally, carrying out Stokes vector model calculation by using Matlab software through a linear polarization imaging method to obtain a polarization degree image corresponding to the incident angle theta 1;
s70, in the range of 0-30 degrees, the step length is 5 degrees, the incident angle theta 1 to the incident angle theta 2, the incident angles theta 3, … … and the incident angle theta 6 of incident light are sequentially adjusted, S40-S60 are repeated, and the camera (10) acquires images of each incident angle and the corresponding polarization degree; comparing the polarization degree images under each incident angle, and taking an optimal polarization degree image;
The optimal polarization degree image is formed by defining a polarization degree image with the highest imaging contrast of two materials as the optimal polarization degree image by utilizing the fact that the polarization characteristics of a metal material and a nonmetal insulating layer material of a coaxial thermocouple (7) are different, and the corresponding incident angle is the optimal incident angle;
s80, calibrating a view field through a physical scale for an optimal polarization degree image to obtain the physical size of pixels of the optimal polarization degree image, converting the thickness of the insulating layer according to the number of pixels occupied by the thickness of the insulating layer in the optimal polarization degree image to obtain the annular thickness of the insulating layer of the coaxial thermocouple (7), and outputting the annular thickness of the insulating layer through a computer (17).
2. The method for measuring the thickness of the insulating layer of the coaxial thermocouple based on polarized light imaging according to claim 1, wherein the polarization angle θ of the polarizer (6) is 60 ° for a metal material.
3. The method for measuring the thickness of the insulating layer of the coaxial thermocouple based on polarized light imaging according to claim 1, wherein the linear polarization imaging method comprises the following steps:
s61, according to Stokes vector model Describing polarization information, the formula is as follows:
；
Wherein, And/>Polarization degree images obtained by acquisition and processing at polarization analysis angles of 0 degrees, 45 degrees, 90 degrees and 135 degrees respectively,/>Is right-handed polarized light,/>Is light with left-hand polarization; s0 denotes total light intensity, S1 denotes linear polarization information between the polarization angles 0 ° and 90 °, S2 denotes linear polarization information between the polarization angles 45 ° and 135 °, S3 denotes circular polarization information, s3=0;
S62, for linearly polarized light, stokes vector model The simplification is as follows:
；
S63, obtaining a polarization degree image corresponding to the incident angle theta 1 ：
。
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