CN117913531A - Ku and Ka frequency band co-polarization co-aperture one-dimensional scanning phased array antenna - Google Patents
Ku and Ka frequency band co-polarization co-aperture one-dimensional scanning phased array antenna Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a Ku and Ka frequency band co-polarization common-caliber one-dimensional scanning phased array antenna, which is formed by sequentially arranging a plurality of small array units, wherein a Ku frequency band antenna dummy which improves the side lobe level of the Ka frequency band antenna is arranged among the small array units, the small array units are formed by a single Ka frequency band antenna and a single Ka frequency band antenna according to the number ratio of 1 to 2, wherein the Ka frequency band antennas are arranged on the left side and the right side of the Ku frequency band antenna, and the Ku frequency band antenna is locked with the Ka frequency band antennas on the left side and the right side through screws. Compared with the microstrip antenna, the invention has the advantages that the weighting network adopts the ridge waveguide mode, and the loss of the amplitude weighting network is effectively reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of phased array antennas, and particularly relates to a Ku and Ka frequency band co-polarization common-caliber one-dimensional scanning phased array antenna.
Background
The common structure of the common-caliber antenna is that antennas of a plurality of frequency bands are integrated on one caliber surface, and the mutual influence among antennas of different frequency bands is reduced by selecting proper antenna units and feed networks and reasonably arranging the antennas, so that each antenna can independently finish work.
With the rapid development of wireless technology, the performance requirements of the wireless system on the antenna system are higher and higher, and the utilization rate of the limited space is higher, so that the weight, shape and physical size of the antenna are greatly restricted. The dual-frequency common-caliber antenna is composed of a plurality of pairs of antennas and can share the same caliber, and compared with the traditional single placement of the plurality of pairs of antennas, the common-caliber antenna greatly saves the space occupied by the antenna on the premise of ensuring multiple frequency bands and multiple functions.
In recent years, one-dimensional scanning phased array antennas integrating a plurality of factors such as cost, performance, application requirements and the like are widely applied to the fields of radar detection, imaging and the like due to the advantages of rapid change of partial angle beams, rapid electric scanning of beams and the like. Some scholars or units have developed more advanced research and test work of the dual-frequency common-caliber one-dimensional scanning phased array antenna on the basis of the traditional one-dimensional scanning phased array antenna, however, currently known dual-frequency common-caliber one-dimensional scanning phased array antennas are mostly non-uniformly polarized, especially the same-polarized dual-frequency common-caliber one-dimensional scanning phased array antenna with frequency multiplication relation (for example, ku and Ka frequency bands) and certain bandwidth (the bandwidth is more than or equal to 10 percent) requirement, and related research reports are not found due to extremely difficult design.
The technical scheme in the first prior art is as follows: in the prior art, rao Yuru, zhang Hongtao et al propose a dual-frequency common-caliber waveguide slot antenna with compact size and simple structure in a dual-frequency common-caliber waveguide slot antenna (selected from the annual meeting and discussion of national antennas in 2019), and a high-frequency waveguide antenna frame is arranged above and left of a low-frequency waveguide, so that Ku/Ka frequency band co-polarization common caliber is realized.
Drawbacks of the first prior art: the antennas are all of metal structures, so that the weight is large; and the relative bandwidths of the Ku and Ka frequency band antennas are narrower and are respectively 2.5% and 1.1%, because the cross section of the antenna structure is larger, in order to realize antenna scanning, the Ka waveguide antenna is arranged at the upper left and right sides of the Ku waveguide antenna, the mode not only can increase the processing difficulty, but also can increase the shielding of the Ku antenna by the Ka antenna, and the performance of the Ku antenna can be deteriorated to a certain extent.
The technical scheme of the second prior art is as follows: common aperture microstrip antennas are also a common form in the prior art. The common caliber is realized by reasonably arranging antennas in different frequency bands, such as a high-frequency/low-frequency center sparse arrangement mode, an interweaving arrangement mode, a patch hole opening mode and a lamination mode. The form of a coplanar nested circular patch array of a rectangular patch array is selected in the ' Shuoshi university of Nanjing chemical industry university of 2018 ' by using a miniaturized Ku/Ka double-frequency microstrip array antenna design ', so that the Ku/Ka double-frequency common-caliber work is realized.
Drawbacks of the second prior art: the antenna in the form often needs multilayer board lamination processing, has complex structure and high processing difficulty, is easy to deform due to different expansion coefficients among different layers of materials, and has the risk of interlayer separation; the isolation between antennas is poor, the mutual coupling is strong, and the performance of the antennas is affected; and the feed network of the antenna has larger loss in a high frequency band, and the radiation performance of the antenna is affected.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of narrow bandwidth, large mutual influence of antennas between different frequency bands and large loss of a feed network of a high-frequency band antenna of the existing dual-frequency co-aperture homopolar one-dimensional scanning phased array antenna, the invention provides a Ku and Ka frequency band co-polarized one-dimensional scanning phased array antenna, wherein an amplitude weighted feed network is designed for the antennas of the two frequency bands and is directly cascaded with the antennas, so that low side lobes of the antennas are realized. The Ku antenna adopts a microstrip yagi antenna form, adopts a single-layer plate, has low processing difficulty, and designs a filtering structure at the antenna feeder line part so as to further reduce the influence of antennas in different frequency bands; compared with a microstrip antenna, the Ka antenna adopts a ridge waveguide mode, and the loss of the amplitude weighting network is effectively reduced.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A Ku and Ka frequency band co-polarized co-aperture one-dimensional scanning phased array antenna. A plurality of small array units are sequentially arranged to form a large array, and Ku frequency band antenna dummy which improves the side lobe level of the Ka frequency band antenna is arranged among the small array units. The small array unit consists of a single Ku frequency band antenna and a single Ka frequency band antenna according to the quantity ratio of 1 to 2, wherein the single Ka frequency band antenna is distributed on the left side and the right side of the single Ku frequency band antenna in the small array unit, and the single Ku frequency band antenna and the single Ka frequency band antenna on the left side and the right side are locked through screws.
When scanning of + -15 degrees is achieved, the space between two adjacent Ku frequency band antennas cannot exceed 14mm when the Ku frequency band high frequency is 17GHz, and the space between two adjacent Ka frequency band antennas cannot exceed 6.8mm when the Ka frequency band high frequency is 35.5 GHz.
The single Ka frequency band antenna is a metal structural member, in the small array unit, the two single Ka frequency band antenna metal structural members are required to be grooved at specific positions so as to ensure that the functions of a Ku frequency band antenna weighting network and a filtering structure are normal, and meanwhile, the metal separation cavities of the single Ka frequency band antenna can increase the anti-interference capability of each channel of the weighting network.
The single Ku frequency band antenna comprises 16 Ku frequency band antenna units, the surface layer and the bottom layer of the medium are respectively provided with 16 vibrators, the feed ports of the surface layer vibrators are connected with amplitude weighting through two 1-to-8 unequal power division weighting networks, and specifically, the feed ports of the adjacent 8 vibrators are connected with 1-to-8 unequal power division weighting networks.
The surface layer oscillator of the Ku frequency band antenna unit medium is L-shaped, the direction of the bottom layer oscillator is opposite to that of the surface layer oscillator, the surface layer oscillator is connected with a feeder line, the other end of the feeder line is a feed port, metal grounds at two sides of the feeder line are connected with metal grounds at the bottom layer of the medium through metal through holes, and a filter structure is formed by corroding holes with the same horizontal axis and different sizes on the metal grounds at the bottom layer. The Ku frequency band antenna unit is in the form of a microstrip yagi antenna, and adopts a single-layer plate structure to obtain a lower section.
The single Ka frequency band antenna has 16 Ka frequency band antenna units in the pitching direction and 32 slots. The signals enter a 1-8 unequal power division weighting network of 2 ridge waveguides from a feed port through a coaxial and ridge waveguide transition structure, transition from the ridge waveguide to the waveguide at the tail end of the weighting network, are transmitted to a waveguide slot antenna, and finally radiate outwards through slots.
The Ka frequency band antenna unit is integrally cuboid, a waveguide cavity is arranged in the middle of the cuboid, a feed port is arranged at one side of the cuboid and connected with the waveguide cavity, 2 gaps are formed at the other end of the cuboid, and a pair of metal diaphragms are added at two sides of each gap to improve cross polarization, so that the inside of the waveguide is matched with the gaps.
The Ka frequency band antenna unit adopts a waveguide slot antenna mode.
The single Ku frequency band antenna in the small array unit can be replaced by a single microstrip dipole antenna, the single microstrip dipole antenna is characterized in that a medium bottom layer is respectively connected with 1-8 unequal power division weighting network through 2 feed ports, the weighting network is connected with a feeder balun through a feeder, metal grounds at two sides of the feeder are connected with the metal grounds of the medium bottom layer through metal through holes, and a filtering structure is formed by corroding holes with different sizes and same horizontal axis on the metal grounds of the bottom layer.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention can realize the scanning of + -15 degrees, and reduces the influence of the Ku frequency band antenna on the Ka frequency band antenna pattern by adding the dummy.
2. Both antenna forms have a relatively wide bandwidth, with a Ku antenna relative bandwidth of about 12.5% and a Ka antenna relative bandwidth of about 9%.
3. The antenna has high gain, and the weighted feed network is directly cascaded with the antenna, so that not only is the side lobe of the antenna effectively reduced, but also the loss of interconnection between the feed network and the antenna is reduced; the feed network of the Ka frequency band antenna adopts a ridge waveguide mode, so that the loss of the weighting network is effectively reduced.
4. And a filtering structure is added on a single Ku frequency band antenna unit, so that the mutual influence of antennas in different frequency bands is further reduced.
5. The invention realizes homopolarization, high gain and low side lobe, and can meet the scanning of + -15 DEG, wherein a single Ka frequency band antenna and a weighting network adopt the waveguide form, thereby effectively reducing the loss thereof; by adding a filtering structure into a single Ku frequency band antenna and adding a dummy into a formed array, the mutual influence of antennas in different frequency bands is improved; the invention has low processing and assembling difficulty.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a Ku band antenna unit structure, wherein (a) is a schematic diagram of a surface layer oscillator structure; (b) a dielectric structure schematic; (c) a schematic diagram of a bottom vibrator structure;
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a single Ku band antenna structure;
FIG. 3 (a) is an enlarged view of the portion A in FIG. 2;
fig. 3 (B) is an enlarged view of a portion B in fig. 2;
FIG. 3 (C) is an enlarged view of the portion C in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a standing wave at a single Ku band antenna port;
Fig. 5 is a diagram of a center frequency point of a single Ku band antenna;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a Ka band antenna element structure;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a single Ka band antenna structure;
fig. 8 (a) is an enlarged view of a portion a of fig. 7;
fig. 8 (B) is an enlarged view of a portion B of fig. 7;
Fig. 8 (C) is an enlarged view of a portion C of fig. 7;
FIG. 9 is a standing wave at a single Ka band antenna port;
fig. 10 is a diagram of a center frequency point of a single Ka band antenna;
FIG. 11 is a graph comparing the antenna patterns of the Ka frequency band with or without the dummy of the antenna array;
Fig. 12 is a scanning pattern of a center frequency point of the Ku band antenna array;
FIG. 13 is a diagram of a scan direction of a center frequency point of a Ka-band antenna array;
FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of an array arrangement;
FIG. 15 is a top view of the array;
fig. 16 is a schematic structural diagram of a microstrip dipole antenna unit, wherein (a) is a schematic structural diagram of a feed balun; (b) a dielectric structure schematic; (c) a schematic diagram of a surface vibrator structure;
fig. 17 is a schematic diagram of a single dipole antenna array structure;
Fig. 18 (a) is an enlarged view of a portion a in fig. 17;
fig. 18 (B) is an enlarged view of the portion B in fig. 17;
fig. 18 (C) is an enlarged view of a portion C in fig. 17.
In the figure: 1-surface layer oscillator, 2-medium, 3-bottom layer oscillator, 4-filter structure, 5-feed port, 6-feeder, 7-weighting network, 8-gap, 9-waveguide cavity, 10-metal diaphragm, 11-Ka frequency band antenna, 12-feed balun, 13-Ku frequency band antenna, 14-dummy.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions in the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The invention relates to a Ku and Ka frequency band co-polarization common-caliber one-dimensional scanning phased array antenna. The Ku frequency band antenna 13 dummy which improves the sidelobe level of the Ku frequency band antenna 11 is arranged among the small array units. The small array unit consists of a single Ku frequency band antenna and a single Ka frequency band antenna according to the quantity ratio of 1 to 2, wherein the single Ka frequency band antenna is distributed on the left side and the right side of the single Ku frequency band antenna, and the single Ku frequency band antenna and the single Ka frequency band antenna on the left side and the right side are locked through screws.
When the scanning of + -15 deg. is realized, the Ku band high frequency is 17GHz, the spacing between two adjacent Ku band antennas 13 cannot exceed 14mm, and the Ka band high frequency is 35.5GHz, the spacing between two adjacent Ka band antennas 11 cannot exceed 6.8mm.
The Ka frequency band antenna unit is a metal structural member, and the two metal structural members are required to be grooved at specific positions so as to ensure that the functions of the weighting network 7 and the filtering structure 4 are normal, and meanwhile, the metal separation chamber can increase the anti-interference capability of each channel of the weighting network 7.
The single Ku frequency band antenna has 16 Ku frequency band antenna units, the surface layer and the bottom layer of the medium 2 are provided with 16 vibrators, the feed ports 5 of the surface layer vibrators 1 are connected through two 1-minute 8 unequal power division weighting networks 7 for amplitude weighting, and specifically, the feed ports 5 of the adjacent 8 vibrators are connected through 1-minute 8 unequal power division weighting networks 7.
The surface layer oscillator 1 of the Ku frequency band antenna unit is L-shaped, the direction of the bottom layer oscillator 3 is opposite to that of the surface layer oscillator 1, the surface layer oscillator 1 is connected with the feeder line 6, the other end of the feeder line 6 is a feeder port 5, the metal grounds at two sides of the feeder line 6 are connected with the metal grounds of the medium bottom layer through metal through holes, and the filter structure 4 is formed by corroding holes with the same horizontal axis and different sizes on the metal grounds of the bottom layer. The Ku frequency band antenna unit is in the form of a microstrip yagi antenna, and adopts a single-layer plate structure to obtain a lower section.
The single Ka-band antenna has 16 Ka-band antenna units in the pitching direction and 32 slots 8 in total. The signals enter 2 ridge waveguides 1-8 unequal power division weighting networks 7 through a coaxial and ridge waveguide transition structure from the feed port 5, transition from the ridge waveguide to the waveguide at the tail end of the weighting network 7, are transmitted to the waveguide slot antenna, and finally radiate outwards through the slot 8.
The Ka frequency band antenna unit is integrally cuboid, a waveguide cavity 9 is arranged in the middle of the cuboid, a feed port 5 is arranged at one side of the cuboid, the feed port 5 is connected with the waveguide cavity 9, 2 gaps 8 are formed in the other end of the cuboid, and the inside of the waveguide is matched with the gaps 8.
The Ka frequency band antenna unit adopts a waveguide slot antenna mode.
Example 1: as shown in fig. 1, the Ku band antenna unit is a microstrip yagi antenna, and a single-layer structure is adopted to obtain a lower profile, and compared with a waveguide slot antenna, the Ku band antenna unit has a smaller influence on the Ka antenna, can ensure that the two bands of antennas have wider bandwidths, and does not distort the directional diagram of the antenna. The antenna signal enters the feeder line through the feed port, the signal is radiated outwards through the vibrator, and a filtering structure is designed on the feeder line part, so that the influence of the antennas in different frequency bands is reduced.
The surface layer and the bottom layer of the medium 2 of the Ku frequency band antenna unit are provided with vibrators, the surface layer vibrator 1 is L-shaped, the direction of the bottom layer vibrator 3 is opposite to that of the surface layer vibrator 1, the surface layer vibrator 1 is connected with a feeder line 6, the other end of the feeder line 6 is a feeder port 5, metal grounds at two sides of the feeder line 6 are connected with a filtering structure 4 on the bottom layer vibrator 3 through metal through holes, and the filtering structure 4 is formed by corroding holes with different sizes and in the same horizontal axis on the bottom layer metal grounds.
As shown in fig. 2, 3 (a), 3 (b) and 3 (c), a single Ku frequency band antenna performs amplitude weighting on 16 units in the pitching direction through two 1-to-8 unequal power division weighting networks 7, a signal enters the weighting network 7 through a feed port 5, finally reaches the antenna through a feeder, and the weighting network 7 can reduce side lobes of the antenna in the pitching direction and reduce the number of T/R channels.
The single Ku frequency band antenna comprises 16 Ku frequency band antenna units, a medium 2 surface layer and a bottom layer are respectively provided with 16 vibrators, the surface layer vibrators 1 are connected with a feeder line 6, the other end of the feeder line 6 is provided with a feed port 5, the feed ports 5 of the surface layer 16 vibrators are connected through two 1-to-8 unequal power division weighting networks 7 for amplitude weighting, specifically, the feed ports 5 of the adjacent 8 vibrators are connected through 1-to-8 unequal power division weighting networks 7, metal grounds at two sides of the feeder line 6 are connected with the bottom layer metal grounds through metal through holes, and a filter structure is formed by corroding holes of the same horizontal axis with different sizes on the bottom layer metal grounds.
As shown in FIG. 4, the standing wave of the single Ku frequency band antenna is less than 2 and the relative bandwidth is 12.5% in 15 GHz-17 GHz. As shown in fig. 5, it can be seen that the side lobe of the antenna on the prone side is greater than 19dB through the weighting network, and the weighting effect is more obvious.
As shown in fig. 6, the Ka band antenna unit adopts a waveguide slot antenna form, and the antenna has the advantages of compact structure, high efficiency and the like, and is easy to realize low side lobes. The signal enters the interior of the waveguide through the feed port 5 and radiates through the slot 8.
The Ka frequency band antenna unit is integrally cuboid, a waveguide cavity 9 is arranged in the middle of the cuboid, a feed port 5 is arranged at one side of the cuboid, the feed port 5 is connected with the waveguide cavity 9, 2 gaps 8 are formed at the other end of the cuboid, and a pair of metal diaphragms 10 are additionally arranged at two sides of the gaps 8 to improve cross polarization, and the inside of the waveguide is matched with the gaps 8.
As shown in fig. 7, 8 (a), 8 (b) and 8 (c), a single Ka-band antenna is tilted to 16 Ka-band antenna elements in total, and 32 slots 8 in total. The signals enter the coaxial and ridge waveguide transition structures from the feed port 5, enter the 1-to-8 unequal power division weighting network 7 of the 2 ridge waveguide structures, transition from the ridge waveguide to the waveguide at the tail end of the weighting network 7, are transmitted to the waveguide slot antenna, and finally radiate outwards through the slot 8. The 1-8 unequal power division weighting network 7 of the ridge waveguide structure can reduce side lobes of the antenna in the pitching direction and reduce the number of T/R channels.
The antenna and the weighting network 7 are both in the form of a waveguide, which has lower losses in the Ka band than in the microstrip, and in this design a weighting network in the form of a waveguide is used, which losses are about 3dB lower than in the microstrip.
A single Ka frequency band antenna is obtained by processing a cuboid metal plate, and 16 Ka frequency band antenna units are arranged in a pitching direction, and 32 slots 8 are formed in total. The two feed ports 5 are arranged, and signals enter the 1-8 unequal power division weighting network 7 of 2 ridge waveguides from the feed ports 5 through a coaxial and ridge waveguide transition structure. At the end of the weighting network 7, the signal transitions from a ridge waveguide to a waveguide, is transmitted to a waveguide slot antenna, and finally radiates outwards through the slot 8.
As shown in FIG. 9, the single Ka band antenna has a standing wave of less than 2 and a relative bandwidth of about 9% in the range of 32.5GHz to 35.5 GHz. As shown in fig. 10, it can be seen that the side lobe of the antenna on the prone side is greater than 21dB through the weighting network, and the weighting effect is more obvious.
In the Ku and Ka frequency band co-polarized co-aperture one-dimensional scanning phased array antenna, a single Ku frequency band antenna/single Ka frequency band antenna is adopted to form a small array unit according to the number ratio of 1 to 2. The single Ka frequency band antenna is a metal structural member, two metal structural members (in a small array unit, the single Ka frequency band antenna is two, and mutually independent and structurally different, so that the single Ka frequency band antenna is called as two metal structural members) are required to be grooved at a specific position so as to ensure that the single Ku frequency band antenna weighting network and the filtering structure are normal in function, and meanwhile, the metal separation cavity on the single Ka frequency band antenna can increase the anti-interference capability of each channel of the weighting network. And finally locking the single Ku frequency band antenna and the single Ka frequency band antenna through screws to form a small array unit.
As shown in fig. 14, ku and Ka frequency bands co-polarized co-aperture one-dimensional scanning phased array antennas arrange small array elements into a larger array. In order to realize that the co-polarized co-aperture one-dimensional scanning phased array antenna in the Ku frequency band and the Ka frequency band realize scanning of +/-15 degrees in the horizontal direction as shown in fig. 12-13, the distance between two adjacent Ku frequency band antennas 13 cannot exceed 14mm because the high frequency of the Ku frequency band antennas 13 is 17GHz, and the distance between two adjacent Ka frequency band antennas 11 cannot exceed 6.8mm because the high frequency of the Ka frequency band antennas 11 is 35.5 GHz.
As shown in fig. 12-13, both Ku and Ka band antennas can achieve ±15° sweep with a gain sweep drop of less than 1dB.
As shown in fig. 14-15, in a large array formed by small array units, when the array units are horizontally arranged in sequence, only one side of a single Ka-band antenna is provided with a Ku-band antenna 13, the environment where the single Ka-band antenna is positioned is not symmetrical, and the directivity pattern of the Ka-band antenna 11 is affected, so that the side lobe level of the single Ka-band antenna is deteriorated, therefore, a Ku-band antenna dummy 14 needs to be added, and the structure of the dummy 14 (the dummy structure is generally consistent with the adopted antenna structure, namely the Ku-band antenna 13) is optimized in such a way that the shape of a vibrator is changed. As shown in fig. 11, by adding the optimized Ku band antenna dummy 14, the side lobe level of the Ka band antenna 11 is finally improved.
Example 2: of course, as shown in fig. 16, the Ku band antenna unit may be in the form of a microstrip dipole antenna unit, where signals enter the feeder line 6 through the feeder port 5, and then are coupled to the dielectric back surface oscillator by balun, and finally radiate outwards.
The microstrip dipole antenna unit consists of a surface layer oscillator 1, a medium 2 and a feed balun 12, wherein a feed port 5 is connected with the feed balun 12 through a feed line 6, the feed balun 12 is stuck on the front surface of the medium 2, and the back surface of the medium 2 is the surface layer oscillator 1.
As shown in fig. 17, 18 (a), 18 (b) and 18 (c), the microstrip dipole antenna unit form may be combined with the weighted feed network and the filtering structure to form a single microstrip dipole antenna, so as to achieve the same function.
The single microstrip dipole antenna comprises a dielectric bottom layer, 1-to-8 unequal power division weighting network 7 is respectively connected with the dielectric bottom layer through 2 feed ports 5, the weighting network 7 is connected with a feed balun 12 through a feed line, metal grounds at two sides of the feed line are connected with the metal grounds of the dielectric bottom layer through metal through holes, and a filter structure is formed by corroding holes with different sizes and in the same horizontal axis on the metal grounds of the bottom layer.
The working principle of example 1 is:
The Ku band antenna 13 is in the form of a microstrip yagi antenna, and its structure generally includes a reflector, an exciter and a director, and by adjusting the position and length of the reflector, a specific electromagnetic oscillating field is formed, in which electrons are excited by the driver and generate electromagnetic waves, and the electromagnetic waves are reflected back and forth between the reflectors to form a coherent electromagnetic beam, which can be directed in different directions, and also can adjust the gain and directivity of the antenna.
The Ka band antenna 11 employs a waveguide slot antenna, which is an antenna that radiates electromagnetic waves using slots in a waveguide structure. The principle is based on mode coupling and energy radiation in the waveguide. The waveguide structure may support a plurality of transmission modes, one of which is that electromagnetic waves propagate inside the waveguide in the form of an electromagnetic wave distribution. When a slot is present in the waveguide, these modes may be coupled to the external space through the slot.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a Ku and Ka frequency channel same polarization common-caliber one-dimensional scanning phased array antenna which characterized in that is by a plurality of little array units arrange in proper order and form big array, is arranged between a plurality of little array units and makes the sidelobe level of Ka frequency channel antenna obtain the Ku frequency channel antenna dummy that improves, and little array unit is by single Ku frequency channel antenna and single Ka frequency channel antenna according to quantity ratio 1 to 2 and constitutes, wherein single Ku frequency channel antenna is arranged in little array unit both sides, locks single Ku frequency channel antenna and single Ka frequency channel antenna of both sides through the screw.
2. The Ku and Ka band co-polarized co-aperture one-dimensional scanning phased array antenna of claim 1, wherein when scanning of ±15° is achieved, the distance between two adjacent Ku band antennas cannot exceed 14mm, and the distance between two adjacent Ka band antennas cannot exceed 6.8mm.
3. The Ku-and-Ka band co-polarized co-aperture one-dimensional scanning phased array antenna of claim 1, wherein the single-Ka band antenna is a metal structure, in the small array unit, the two single-Ka band antenna metal structures are required to be slotted at specific positions so as to ensure normal functions of a Ku-band antenna weighting network and a filtering structure, and meanwhile, the metal separation cavity of the single-Ka band antenna can increase anti-interference capability of each channel of the weighting network.
4. The Ku and Ka frequency band co-polarized co-aperture one-dimensional scanning phased array antenna according to claim 1, wherein a single Ku frequency band antenna comprises 16 Ku frequency band antenna units, a medium surface layer and a medium bottom layer are respectively provided with 16 vibrators, feed ports of the surface layer vibrators are connected through two 1-minute 8-unequal power division weighting networks for amplitude weighting, and specifically, feed ports of adjacent 8 vibrators are connected with 1-minute 8-unequal power division weighting networks.
5. The Ku-Ka frequency band co-polarized co-aperture one-dimensional scanning phased array antenna according to claim 1, wherein the dielectric surface layer and the bottom layer of the Ku-frequency band antenna element are provided with vibrators, the surface layer vibrators are L-shaped, the direction of the bottom layer vibrators is opposite to that of the surface layer vibrators, the surface layer vibrators are connected with a feeder line, the other end of the feeder line is a feed port, metal grounds at two sides of the feeder line are connected with metal grounds of the dielectric bottom layer through metal through holes, and a filtering structure is formed by corroding holes with the same horizontal axis and different in size on the metal grounds of the bottom layer.
6. The Ku and Ka band co-polarized co-aperture one-dimensional scanning phased array antenna of claim 1 wherein the antenna form of the Ku band antenna element is a microstrip yagi antenna, and a single layer plate structure is employed to obtain a lower profile.
7. The Ku and Ka band co-polarized co-aperture one-dimensional scanning phased array antenna of claim 1, wherein a single Ka band antenna is pitched to 16 Ka band antenna units in total, 32 slots are formed in total, signals enter 2 1-8 unequal power division weighting networks of coaxial and ridge waveguides through a coaxial and ridge waveguide transition structure from a feed port, at the tail end of the weighting network, the signals are transited from the ridge waveguide to the waveguide, transmitted to the waveguide slot antenna, and finally radiated outwards through the slots.
8. The Ku-and Ka-band co-polarized co-aperture one-dimensional scanning phased array antenna of claim 1, wherein the Ka-band antenna unit is integrally a cuboid, a waveguide cavity is arranged in the middle of the cuboid, a feed port is arranged on one side of the cuboid and is connected with the waveguide cavity, 2 slots are formed in the other end of the cuboid, and a pair of metal films are added on two sides of each slot to improve cross polarization, and the interior of the waveguide is matched with the slots.
9. The Ku and Ka band co-polarized co-aperture one-dimensional scanning phased array antenna of claim 1 wherein the Ka band antenna elements are in the form of waveguide slot antennas.
10. The Ku and Ka frequency band co-polarized common-caliber one-dimensional scanning phased array antenna according to claim 1, wherein a single Ku frequency band antenna in a small array unit can be replaced by a single microstrip dipole antenna, the single microstrip dipole antenna is formed by connecting 1 part 1 and 8 unequal power division weighting networks respectively through 2 feed ports on a medium bottom layer, the weighting networks are connected with a feeder balun through a feeder, metal grounds on two sides of the feeder are connected with the metal grounds of the medium bottom layer through metal through holes, and a filtering structure is formed by corroding holes with the same horizontal axis and different sizes on the metal grounds of the bottom layer.
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