CN1179087C - Method for splitting polyester/polyamide compound fibre and ultrafine fabre fabric made from same - Google Patents
Method for splitting polyester/polyamide compound fibre and ultrafine fabre fabric made from same Download PDFInfo
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- CN1179087C CN1179087C CNB011346892A CN01134689A CN1179087C CN 1179087 C CN1179087 C CN 1179087C CN B011346892 A CNB011346892 A CN B011346892A CN 01134689 A CN01134689 A CN 01134689A CN 1179087 C CN1179087 C CN 1179087C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a method for splitting composite fiber in the process of dyeing and finishing polyester/polyamide composite fiber fabrics and polyester/polyamide composite superfine fiber fabrics obtained by the method. In the splitting method, weakly acidic solution with a pH value of 5 to 6.5 is used for processing the fabrics so as to automatically split the polyester and the polyamide, and thus, the splitting degree is high. The fabrics obtained by the method are not damaged, and the mechanical property, the comfortability, the dyeability and the like of the fabrics are improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of dyeing and finishing method of polyester/polyamide compound fibre fabric and thus method obtain the superfine fibre fabric, more particularly, relate to a kind of polyester/polyamide compound fibre fabric the splitting of composite fibre in dyeing and finishing process from method and the polyester/polyamide composite ultrafine fiber fabric that obtains of method thus.
Background technology
At present, make much progress, produced numerous " shin-gosen " fabrics based on superfine fibre for the research and development of superfine fibre.The overall merit that superfine fibre had is that general fibre is incomparable, have very high surcharge, the feel of fabric sofetening, the gloss of nature and good moisture absorption poisture-penetrability are given in its superfine filament number, big specific area and special-shaped fibre section.
Composite ultrafine fiber is the important kind of superfine fibre, and industrialized at present mainly is the polyester/polyamide composite ultrafine fiber.The method of making composite ultrafine fiber mainly is compound partition method, this method is to utilize composite spinning technology to form two kinds of alternatively distributed composite fibres of composition two kinds of components, Cheng Sihou again by chemistry or mechanical means with two kinds of components split from, a fiber is split from becoming many lobes becomes superfine fibre.Present this composite ultrafine fiber mainly is the polyester/polyamide composite ultrafine fiber.
Above-mentioned composite ultrafine fiber must carry out dyeing and finishing to fabric and handle after weaving processing.In dyeing and finishing process, split from operation be about to two kinds of components split from operation be the key of decision end product quality.Have only through fully split from after, the feel of fabric, bulkiness, different degree of shrinkage, the performances such as densification degree and dyeing uniformity of crispaturaing just can be improved greatly.And in the present prior art be mostly adopt the method for alkali treatment carry out chemistry split from.Its action principle mainly is to adopt alkaline solution that the interface of polyester/polyamide fabric is corroded, and under the effect of external force, make its generation split from, it splits from degree and is generally 80-90%.Because the effect of alkaline solution makes fiber surface, especially the surface of polyster fibre has been subjected to very big damage, and in the polyester/polyamide composite ultrafine fiber, the large percentage that terylene is shared makes that the weight-loss ratio of fiber is bigger, even can reach 30%.In addition, in order to alleviate damage to fiber, split from time can not be long, make split from degree abundant inadequately, therefore split from after also must it be split leave fibre through mechanical treatments such as sandings.And not really high owing to splitting from degree, make the uniformity of fiber relatively poor.
For example, a kind of high-density fabric is disclosed among the JP63105139, the warp of this fabric or parallel include can split from the polyamide/polyester composite fibre, after thermal contraction is handled, again with alkali treatment make polyamide and polyester split from, and carry out making after the friction of liquid stream, this high-density fabric has the textile strand effect, and is soft.But because this fabric adopted aqueous slkali that polyester/polyamide compound fibre is handled, therefore make that the weight-loss ratio of fabric is bigger, and split from degree not highly, only be higher than 75%.
The inventor is through experiment repeatedly, find to adopt acid solution that polyester/polyamide compound fibre is handled, mainly utilize polyester and the polyamide contraction difference in acid solution make the two split from, because acid solution is to not corrosion of fiber interface, therefore the weight-loss ratio of fabric is 0, simultaneously this method split from the degree higher, fabric all is improved at aspects such as mechanical property, comfortableness and dyeabilities.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide splitting of a kind of polyester/polyamide compound fibre fabric from method, this method adopts acid solution that polyester/polyamide compound fibre is handled, utilize terylene and the polyamide fibre contraction difference in acid solution make the two automatically produce split from, this splits from method simple to operate, fabric is not had any damage, and the weight-loss ratio of fiber is zero; And split from the degree can be up to 95%, the dyeing of fiber is very even.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of polyester/polyamide compound fibre fabric, this fabric be with warp or parallel include can split from the fabric of polyester/polyamide compound fibre, split after handling through above-mentioned acidity, again by conventional dyeing and finishing processing and preparing, not only fabric does not damage, and all is improved at aspects such as mechanical property, comfortableness and dyeabilities.
To describe in detail the present invention below.
Splitting of a kind of polyester/polyamide compound fibre fabric from method, it is characterized in that will place acid solution to handle through spinning and the polyester/polyamide compound fibre fabric that weaving processing obtains, bathing temperature be 40-100 ℃; bath raio is 1: 50-1: 130, the processing time is 30-60 minute.
Acid solution that the present invention adopts is preferably weakly acidic solution, its pH value generally is controlled at 5-6.5, when the pH value less than 5 the time, owing to acidly may certain damage be arranged to fiber more by force, especially polyamide fiber is produced certain damage, also can propose higher requirement simultaneously equipment.And when the pH value greater than 6.5 the time since acidity too a little less than, so fiber split from effect relatively poorly, split from more fully needing the long processing time in order to make, not only bring inconvenience to production, also influenced the quality of product.
The acid solution that is adopted specifically can adopt acid more weak aqueous acetic acid, and its solution concentration is 20-50% (concentration expressed in percentage by weight).
For the processing time of acid solution, should be greater than 30 minutes, otherwise split from abundant inadequately, effect is bad.But the processing time is long also meaningless, and not only can not make to split from degree has improvement significantly, also may damage fiber.
The present invention adopt acid solution make polyester/polyamide compound fibre split from basic principle can be understood as, in acid solution, polyamide component has different swelling ratios with polyester components, bigger contraction is arranged after the polyamide component swelling, and the polyester components contraction is very little, and promptly the contraction difference difference of polyester/polyamide two components makes the interface of two kinds of polymer produce internal stress, weakened the bonding force at interface, thereby the automatic ground cleave of two components is left.Owing to splitting in process, polyester and polyamide two components do not suffer erosion, and therefore handle the not damage of back fiber, and have kept the good mechanical performance.
The kind of polyester/polyamide composite ultrafine fiber has a lot, but distinguishes from the cross section of fiber, mainly contains two kinds of star and tangerine lobe shapes (the former tinkling of pieces of jade etc., " synthetic fiber " 1996, March and Yang Dongliang, " printing and dyeing " 1994, January).It is worthy of note that the star composite fibre compares with tangerine lobe shape composite fibre, after acid solution is handled, because the contraction difference of polyester/polyamide two components is bigger in the star composite fibre, therefore splitting from effect of star composite fiber fabric is better than tangerine lobe shape composite fiber fabric, and the shock-resistant ability of fabric is constant substantially, and the conformality of fabric is good.But no matter be star composite fiber fabric or tangerine lobe shape composite fiber fabric, the weightlessness of handling the back fabric through acid solution is 0, illustrate adopt acid solution to polyester/polyamide composite ultrafine fiber fabric split from, to fiber less than damaging.
Composite ultrafine fiber fabric of the present invention, this fabric prepares by the following method:
With warp or parallel or warp and parallel include simultaneously can split from the fabric of polyester/polyamide compound fibre, handle through acid solution earlier, make polyester and polyamide split automatically from after, again through the dyeing and finishing processing of routine; Wherein the pH value of acid solution is 5-6.5.
The treatment temperature of described acid solution is 40-100 ℃, and bath raio is 1: 50-1: 130, and the processing time is 30-60 minute.
The acid solution that is adopted specifically can adopt acid more weak aqueous acetic acid, and its solution concentration is 20-50% (concentration expressed in percentage by weight).
In the described fabric polyester and polyamide split from after fiber number less than 0.2d.p.f.
In general, the superfine fibre coloration of textile materials is difficult for evenly, because the superfine fibre surface area is big, adsorption rate to dyestuff is fast, and concerning the superfine fibre of bi-component, owing to the adsorption capacity difference of two kinds of components, therefore rareer to uniform dyeability to dyestuff.In the present invention,, therefore the coloration of textile materials performance is improved, can obtains the very uniform fabric of dyeing because after the acid solution processing, splitting from degree of polyester/polyamide composite ultrafine fiber fabric improved.
The specific embodiment
Weight-loss ratio=(G
0-G
i)/G
0* 100%
G
0: dry sample weight before handling
G
i: handle the dry sample weight in back
Shrinkage factor=(L
0-L
i)/L
0* 100%
L
0: sample weft yarn (or warp thread) length before handling
L
i: handle back sample weft yarn (or warp thread) length
Split from degree and calculate:
On the different position of fabric sample, get its weft yarn, make section, be placed on microscopically and observe with Kazakhstan formula food slicer.(star polyester/polyamide fiber composite fibre is divided into 12 lobes as research object to get the cross section of 50 single fibers, tangerine lobe shape is divided into 16 lobes), splitting from preceding fiber cross section is than regular circular, splits from the back to be moved owing to each lobe position, and fiber cross section is not rounded.Therefore, cross section be irregular single fiber be considered as splitting from, number go out this split from the number X of single fiber, then split and be calculated as follows from degree:
Split from degree=X/50 * 100%
Such section is done three times, the splitting from degree as this sample of averaging.
The test of mechanical property:
Adopt YG001A single fiber electronics tensometer to composite fibre (single fiber) Mechanics Performance Testing in the fabric weft yarn.The load CN of unit writes down load-elongation curve on the recorder.Each parallel is done 10 times.Calculate the fracture strength and the breaking work of fiber in view of the above.
(1) calculating of fracture strength:
G＝D/d(CN/dtex)
Wherein: G is the fracture strength of fiber
D be fiber fracture load (10 mean values, CN)
D is the fiber number (dtex) of fiber
(2) calculating of disconnected strong loss:
(3) calculating of breaking work:
Breaking work is measuring of tenacity of fibre, and breaking work is big, and institute's energy requirement is big when showing fibrous fracture, can be used to the ability of representing that fiber or fabric withstand shocks.
Breaking work=work to break/(sample fiber number * clamping length) (CN/dtex)
Work to break is meant the total work that external force is done fiber, and with the cartographic represenation of area that load-elongation curve is comprised down, unit is CN.cm, and the clamping length of sample is 1cm herein.
(4) calculating of breaking work
Embodiment 1
(weft yarn is star polyester/polyamide compound fibre, and fiber number is 150d/46f * 16p, and warp thread is an ordinary polyester with commercially available polyester/polyamide compound fibre grey cloth, fiber number is 64d/24f, FDY) handles in 40% acetum, and bathing temperature is 75 ℃; bath raio is 1: 60, and the time is 45 minutes.
The contraction rate variance of polyamide fibre and terylene is 4.4% in the fabric after the processing, and the weight-loss ratio of fabric is 0, and splitting from degree is 90%.
Fabric after handling is carried out dye test, aberration sight method GB25D-1995, aberration level 〉=4 of this fabric grade, illustrate dye very even.
Measure the fabric weft yarn respectively in before and after treatment fracture strength, calculating disconnected strong loss then is 4.6%.
Measure the fabric weft yarn respectively at before and after treatment breaking work, calculating the breaking work loss then is 6.2%.
Comparative Examples 1
The identical fabric of embodiment 1 is handled in the NaOH of 3wt% alkaline solution, and bathing temperature is 100 ℃, and bath raio is 1: 60, and the time is 45 minutes.
The weight-loss ratio of the fabric after the processing is about 8%, and splitting from degree is 75%.Bad owing to splitting from degree, must handle through sanding, just can reach the feel requirement of superfine fibre fabric.
Measure the fabric weft yarn respectively in before and after treatment fracture strength, calculating disconnected strong loss then is 13.7%.
Measure the fabric weft yarn respectively at before and after treatment breaking work, calculating the breaking work loss then is 12.7%.
Embodiment 2
With embodiment 1, only the concentration of the acetum of Gai Bianing is 20%.
The contraction rate variance of polyamide fibre and terylene is 1.4% in the fabric after the processing, and the weight-loss ratio of fabric is 0, and splitting from degree is 83%.
Fabric after handling is carried out dye test, aberration sight method GB25D-1995, aberration level 〉=4 of this fabric grade.
Embodiment 3
Commercially available polyester/polyamide fiber composite fiber is taken fabric, and (weft yarn is a tangerine lobe shape polyester/polyamide fiber composite fiber, fiber number is 167d/46f * 16p, warp thread is an ordinary polyester, fiber number is 83d/96f, PET) in 40% acetum, handle, bathing temperature is 75 ℃, and bath raio is 1: 60, and the time is 45 minutes.
The contraction difference of polyamide fibre and terylene is 2.3% in the fabric after the processing, and the weight-loss ratio of fabric is 0, and splitting from degree is 88%.
Fabric after handling is carried out dye test, aberration sight method GB25D-1995, aberration level 〉=4 of this fabric grade, illustrate dye very even.
Measure the fabric weft yarn respectively in before and after treatment fracture strength, calculating disconnected strong loss then is 0%.
Measure the fabric weft yarn respectively at before and after treatment breaking work, calculating the breaking work loss then is 15.1%.
Comparative Examples 2
The identical fabric of embodiment 3 is handled in the NaOH of 3wt% alkaline solution, and bathing temperature is 100 ℃, and bath raio is 1: 60, and the time is 45 minutes.
The weight-loss ratio of the fabric after the processing is about 15.6%, and splitting from degree is 82.5%.Bad owing to splitting from degree, must handle through sanding, just can reach the feel requirement of superfine fibre fabric.
Measure the fabric weft yarn respectively in before and after treatment fracture strength, calculating disconnected strong loss then is 19.6%.
Measure the fabric weft yarn respectively at before and after treatment breaking work, calculating the breaking work loss then is 55.5%.
From the data of the foregoing description and Comparative Examples as can be seen, the weight-loss ratio that adopts acid solution to handle the composite ultrafine fiber fabric is 0, illustrate that acid solution is to the fabric not damaged, and adopt acid solution to handle the fabric that is better than the processing of employing acid solution from effect that splits of back fabric, particularly for star polyester/polyamide compound fibre fabric.Mechanical properties decrease is less simultaneously, and for example at aspects such as fracture strength and breaking works, the loss of handling fabric through acid solution is less.In addition, coloration of textile materials is even after acid solution is handled, and has good conformality.
Claims (9)
1, splitting from method of a kind of polyester/polyamide compound fibre is characterized in that, will place acid solution to bathe through the polyester/polyamide compound fibre fabric that spinning and weaving processing obtain and split from processing, and the pH value of acid solution is controlled at 5-6.5.
2, splitting from method of polyester/polyamide compound fibre according to claim 1 is characterized in that the bath temperature that described acid solution is bathed is 75-100 ℃, and bath raio is 1: 50-1: 130.
3, splitting from method of polyester/polyamide compound fibre according to claim 2 is characterized in that, splitting from the processing time is 30-60 minute.
4, according to claim 1 splitting from method is characterized in that, described acid solution adopts aqueous acetic acid.
5, according to claim 4 splitting from method is characterized in that, the concentration expressed in percentage by weight of described aqueous acetic acid is 20-50%.
6, composite ultrafine fiber fabric, this fabric prepares by the following method:
With warp or parallel include can split from the fabric of polyester/polyamide compound fibre, handle through acid solution, make polyester and polyamide split automatically from after, through the dyeing and finishing processing of routine, wherein the pH value of acid solution is 5-6.5 again.
7, composite ultrafine fiber fabric according to claim 6 is characterized in that, the treatment temperature of described acid solution is 75-100 ℃, and bath raio is 1: 50-1: 130, and the processing time is 30-60 minute.
8, composite ultrafine fiber fabric according to claim 6 is characterized in that, described acid solution adopts aqueous acetic acid, and concentration expressed in percentage by weight is 20-50%.
9, composite ultrafine fiber fabric according to claim 6 is characterized in that, described fabric is handled through acid solution, polyester and polyamide split from after fiber number less than 0.2d.p.f.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB011346892A CN1179087C (en) | 2001-11-13 | 2001-11-13 | Method for splitting polyester/polyamide compound fibre and ultrafine fabre fabric made from same |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB011346892A CN1179087C (en) | 2001-11-13 | 2001-11-13 | Method for splitting polyester/polyamide compound fibre and ultrafine fabre fabric made from same |
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| CN1419005A CN1419005A (en) | 2003-05-21 |
| CN1179087C true CN1179087C (en) | 2004-12-08 |
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| CNB011346892A Expired - Fee Related CN1179087C (en) | 2001-11-13 | 2001-11-13 | Method for splitting polyester/polyamide compound fibre and ultrafine fabre fabric made from same |
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Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101845685A (en) * | 2010-05-28 | 2010-09-29 | 厦门泓信特种纤维有限公司 | Two-component split type composite FDY fiber and preparation method thereof |
| CN102517884B (en) * | 2011-12-27 | 2013-11-27 | 厦门保视丽无尘科技有限公司 | Method for manufacturing completely split superfine fiber cleaning cloth |
| CN105019235B (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2017-03-08 | 辽宁腾达集团股份有限公司 | A kind of method manufacturing the knitting fabric of VHDization |
| CN112281310B (en) * | 2020-10-23 | 2021-08-27 | 中原工学院 | Improved spun-bonding device, forming method and split type double-component filament-based superfine fiber material |
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