CN117906444A

CN117906444A - Firecracker based on dust explosion principle

Info

Publication number: CN117906444A
Application number: CN202410136050.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈昊彬; 程爱宝
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2018-12-26
Filing date: 2018-12-26
Publication date: 2024-04-19
Also published as: CN117989932A; CN109373824A; CN109373824B; CN118031729A

Abstract

The invention discloses a firecracker based on a dust explosion principle, which comprises a barrel, a combustible capsule, an end cap, a bottom sealing and a lead wire, wherein the combustible capsule is positioned in the barrel, and part of explosive powder substances are filled in the combustible capsule; the end sealing and bottom sealing are respectively positioned at two ends of the cylinder body, and the combustible capsule is sealed in the cylinder body; one end of the lead penetrates through the end cap to be in contact with the outer side face of the flammable capsule, and the other end of the lead is positioned outside the cylinder. Under the low-frequency vibration environment generated in the production, transportation and storage processes of the firecrackers, the explosive substances are difficult to form dust explosion clouds in the capsules, and only when the lead wire burns to generate high-frequency vibration, the explosive substances can quickly form the dust explosion clouds in the capsules, so that the firecrackers are stable and safe in the production, transportation and storage processes.

Description

Firecracker based on dust explosion principle

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of firecrackers, and particularly relates to a firecracker based on a dust explosion principle.

Background

The traditional firecracker has a development history of over one thousand years, and depends on the invention of black powder to bring the color and sound generated in the setting-off process to the joy of people, so that the mental culture life of people is satisfied. In the long river of historical development, people have given more and more folk significance to firecrackers. Nowadays, the popular and inherited protection of traditional firecrackers is more and more important in China, and a plurality of firecracker folk projects enter the national directory of non-matter cultural heritage of China. In the first three batches of national non-material culture heritage directories published by the country, 18 items related to the country are clearly recorded, wherein 2 items of traditional technology, 15 items of traditional folk custom, 1 item of traditional sports and 26 counties of application place. Of the 15 traditional folk-custom items, 4 are associated with sacrifice and 11 are associated with holidays.

The biggest influence on the folk development of firecrackers is the environmental pollution and the human health problem, and the traditional firecrackers have the following defects:

1. The explosion component of the traditional firecracker contains a large amount of nitrate, perchlorate, sulfur, carbon powder, aluminum, copper, antimony and other metals, and a large amount of carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, chlorides, sulfides, nitrates, sulfates and other harmful gases and suspended particulate matters can be generated after combustion, so that the firecracker is one of the reasons for forming acid rain and haze weather, and has great influence on the environment.

2. The harmful substances generated by setting off the traditional firecrackers can influence the health of human bodies, and related researches show that the occurrence of respiratory diseases has a direct relation with the existence of strongly acidic suspended particles in the environment, the suspended particles can cause slow pulmonary resistance after entering the lungs, transition metal ions can promote the generation of excessive oxygen free radicals after entering the lungs, so that the activity of intracellular antioxidant enzymes is reduced, normal cell death is caused by oxidative stress, and heavy metal poisoning can be caused by heavy metal ions entering the lungs.

3. The traditional firecracker industry is difficult to produce mechanically on a large scale, and the main reason is that the gunpowder component of the traditional firecracker has high impact sensitivity. Therefore, the firecracker industry has great difficulty in pushing mechanized production, manual operation and semi-mechanized operation are mainly adopted at present, and operators face great safety risks.

4. The traditional firecracker adopts the mode of directly filling powder in a paper tube, a waterproof layer is not arranged in the firecracker, and water molecules can easily pass through the firecracker paper tube, so that the firecracker is easy to be wet or too dry, and can not be normally ignited or is too inflammable. Therefore, the firecracker transportation and storage has higher economic cost and higher safety cost.

It is known that capsule firecrackers are developed to replace traditional firecrackers, however, according to related reports, the existing capsule firecrackers have the following defects:

1. The existing capsule firecrackers mainly adopt the mixed gas of hydrogen, methane, coal gas and air as explosive substances, but have the problems of large explosion range, low detonation energy, no color and smell, difficult control and monitoring of the concentration, large potential safety hazards in mechanized production, transportation and storage, and the like. If the explosion limit of hydrogen is 4-756%, the lowest detonation energy is only 0.02 mJ, and in the mechanized production process, static electricity and slight impact can be detonated. Therefore, the hydrogen gas mixture is used as the explosive material of the firecrackers, and the production, the transportation, the storage and the setting-off are all at great safety risks.

2. The existing capsule firecrackers are made of plastics, and most of the plastic components contain fluorine, chlorine, sulfur, aromatic rings, heterocycles and the like, and substances such as hydrogen chloride, sulfides, cancerogenic aromatic ring compounds and the like are generated in the combustion process, so that the environmental and human body hazards are large; moreover, the scraps generated after being set off are difficult to degrade naturally, and have great influence on the environment.

3. The existing capsule firecrackers are made of plastic, and the inside of the capsule is filled with pressure gas, so that the problem of air leakage exists, and the setting-off effect is affected.

4. The ignition wire used by the existing capsule firecrackers is positioned at the end of the capsule firecrackers, and the defect that the capsule is difficult to ignite or the capsule is easy to leak gas exists in the ignition process, for example, the ignition wire is positioned at the outer side of the capsule wall at the center of the end, the contact combustion time of the ignition wire and the capsule is shorter, the temperature is lower, and the problem that the capsule is difficult to ignite exists; and if the firing cable is positioned at the center of the end and is inserted into the capsule, the contact part of the firing cable and the capsule has the problems of gas leakage and moisture absorption, so that the firecrackers are invalid.

Principle of dust explosion: the combustible dust meets a heat source (open flame or high temperature) within the explosion limit range, flame instantaneously propagates in the whole mixed dust space, the chemical reaction speed is extremely high, a large amount of heat is released simultaneously, high temperature and high pressure are formed, and the energy of the system is converted into mechanical energy and the radiation of light and heat, so that the system has strong destructive power. At present, dust explosion has more uncontrollable factors, dust explosion accidents are easy to occur in metal and organic intermediate powder grinding factories, and related researches and application reports of the controllable condition dust explosion technology in the field of firecrackers are not yet available at home and abroad. How to produce and manufacture a controllable novel firecracker by utilizing the dust principle has an pioneering significance for the development of firecracker folks.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problems and provide the firecracker based on the dust explosion principle, which is difficult to form dust explosion cloud in the capsule by explosive substances under the low-frequency vibration environment generated in the production, transportation and storage processes, and the dust explosion cloud can be quickly formed in the capsule by the explosive substances only when the lead wire burns to generate high-frequency vibration, so that the firecracker is stable and safe in the production, transportation and storage processes.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the firecracker based on the dust explosion principle comprises a barrel, a combustible capsule, an end cap, a back cover and a lead wire, wherein the combustible capsule is positioned in the barrel, and the inside of the combustible capsule is filled with a part of explosive powder material; the end sealing and bottom sealing are respectively positioned at two ends of the cylinder body, and the combustible capsule is sealed in the cylinder body; one end of the lead penetrates through the end cap to be in contact with the outer side face of the flammable capsule, and the other end of the lead is positioned outside the cylinder.

Further, the inner wall of the combustible capsule is coated with an explosive layer.

Further, one end of the lead penetrates through the end cap and extends to be in contact with the back cover.

Further, one end of the lead wire, which is contacted with the outer side surface of the flammable capsule, is arranged in a Z shape or knotted.

Further, the combustible capsule is made of a gas impermeable material.

Further, the combustible capsule is made of hydrocarbon materials such as polyethylene, polypropylene alcohol and the like.

Furthermore, the explosive powder material is made of carbon powder and/or single-base powder and other materials.

A production method of firecrackers based on the dust explosion principle comprises the following steps:

S1, treating explosive powder materials: uniformly mixing the explosive powder materials, and drying;

s2, capsule preparation: filling the explosive powder material in the step S1 into a flammable capsule, and then sealing to form the flammable capsule;

s3, packaging firecrackers: and (2) filling the combustible capsule in the step (S2) into a cylinder, wherein a back cover is arranged at one end of the cylinder, a lead is inserted into the other end of the cylinder, and finally, filling the end cover to form the firecrackers.

Further, the environmental humidity when the explosive powder materials are mixed in the step S1 is lower than 80%.

Further, the moisture content of the explosive powder material after drying in the step S1 is lower than 50%.

Further, in the step S1, a part of the explosive powder is dissolved in an organic solvent and coated on the inner wall of the flammable capsule to form an explosive layer, and after the explosive layer is dried, the explosive powder in the step S1 is refilled into the flammable capsule, and finally the flammable capsule is formed by sealing.

Further, in the step S2, when the combustible capsule is formed by sealing, oxygen is filled into the combustible capsule, and then the combustible capsule is sealed.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: under the low-frequency vibration environment generated in the production, transportation and storage processes of the firecrackers, the explosive substances are difficult to form dust explosion clouds in the capsules, and only when the lead wire burns to generate high-frequency vibration, the explosive substances can quickly form the dust explosion clouds in the capsules, so that the firecrackers are stable and safe in the production, transportation and storage processes.

1. The invention mainly solves the defects of the traditional firecrackers and capsule firecrackers in the aspects of safe environment, safe mechanical production, safe transportation and storage, safe setting-off, health and the like.

2. The explosive material adopts carbon powder, single-base powder and other high molecular polymers containing hydrocarbon elements but no heterocycle, and has the advantages that the lowest detonation energy and the pressure generated during explosion of the explosive material can be adjusted by adopting different formulas, and the explosive material only contains C, H, O, N elements, does not contain metals, halogens and other substances, and has lower N element content, so that carbon dioxide, water, a small amount of nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide can be generated during explosion, but aromatic cancerogenic substances can not be generated, and the environment and human body safety can be realized.

3. The combustible capsule material of the invention adopts polyethylene, polypropylene alcohol and other high molecular polymers containing only hydrocarbon elements but no heterocycle or a mixture thereof, and the capsule material is organic matters containing C, H, O and other elements but no metals, halogens and other substances, and only carbon dioxide, water and a small amount of carbon monoxide can be generated when the capsule material explodes, and the fragments which are not completely combusted can be naturally degraded, so that the environmental safety is realized.

4. The inner wall of the combustible capsule is coated with the explosive substances, and the explosive substances on the inner wall can be quickly ignited when the ignition wire burns through the capsule wall to form high temperature and high pressure so as to detonate dust explosion cloud, thereby achieving the effect of quick detonation.

5. The combustible capsule is made of airtight materials, so that firecrackers failure caused by air leakage of the capsule and entrance of water molecules in the air into the capsule can be effectively avoided.

6. The content of explosive substances in the combustible capsule is 0.02g/dm ³ -6 g/dm ³, and under the same explosion effect, the content of the explosive substances is only less than 50% of that in the traditional firecrackers, and the explosive substances are few.

7. The diameter of the combustible capsule is 5 mm-10 mm, the length is 5 mm-20 mm, and the thickness is 0.1 mm-2 mm, thereby being beneficial to industrial production.

8. The auxiliary filling gas in the combustible capsule is air or oxygen, the air pressure in the capsule is 0.9-1.1 times of standard atmospheric pressure, namely, the combustible capsule is produced and manufactured in an environment close to normal pressure, the production requirement is low, the process is simple, special high-cost equipment investment is not needed, the production cost is low, in addition, explosive substances are mixed and filled in a low-pressure environment, the mechanical impact and electrostatic detonation sensitivity of the explosive substances can be effectively reduced, and the mechanized safe production can be realized.

9. The lead wire is positioned through the end cap and is tightly attached to the side wall of the capsule, the length of the lead wire in the cylinder body is 1/5 of the length of the end cap to the back cover to the length of the side wall of the flammable capsule, the firing cable is positioned on the side wall of the capsule, the firing cable has the advantages of longer firing time in the cylinder body, longer high-frequency vibration time, higher temperature and higher pressure, the side wall of the capsule can be ensured to burn through, and the firing cable is positioned on the outer side of the side wall of the capsule, so that the integrity of the capsule can be ensured, the gas and explosive substances in the capsule are not influenced by the humidity of the outside air, and the problems of air leakage of the capsule, agglomeration of the explosive substances and the like are effectively avoided.

10. The high-frequency vibration is generated in the combustion process of the lead wire, so that explosive substances and gas in the capsule can be promoted to be mixed, and dust explosion cloud can be formed rapidly.

11. The explosive material of the firecracker can use various explosive materials to realize dust explosion process, the minimum detonation energy is higher, generally more than tens of millijoules, and the sensitivity of the explosive material to mechanical impact and static electricity is low.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a front view structure of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic side view of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a front view of a lead according to the present invention.

The text labels in the figures are expressed as: 1. a cylinder; 2. a flammable capsule; 21. explosive powder material; 3. end capping; 4. sealing the bottom; 5. and (5) a lead wire.

Detailed Description

In order that those skilled in the art may better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the following detailed description of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings is provided for exemplary and explanatory purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.

As shown in fig. 1-3, the specific structure of the invention is as follows: the firecracker based on the dust explosion principle and the production method thereof comprise a barrel 1 (preferably made of paper materials, materials are conveniently available, cost is saved), a combustible capsule 2, an end cap 3, a bottom sealing 4 and a lead 5, wherein the combustible capsule 2 is positioned in the barrel 1, and the interior of the combustible capsule is filled with a part of explosive powder material 21; the end caps 3 and the bottom caps 4 are respectively positioned at two ends of the cylinder body 1, and the combustible capsule 2 is sealed in the cylinder body 1; one end of the lead 5 penetrates through the end cap 3 to be in contact with the outer side face of the flammable capsule 2, and the other end of the lead is positioned outside the cylinder 1.

Preferably, the inner wall of the flammable capsule 2 is coated with a layer of explosive material. The function of the ignition device is that when the ignition wire burns through the capsule wall, explosive substances on the inner wall of the capsule can be rapidly ignited to form high temperature and high pressure so as to detonate dust explosion cloud.

Preferably, one end of the lead 5 penetrates the end cap 3 and extends to contact the back cover 4. The burning length of the lead wire is increased to prevent burning and not penetrating the wall of the flammable capsule.

Preferably, the end of the lead 5 contacting the outer side surface of the flammable capsule 2 is arranged in a zigzag shape or knotted shape (shown as a and b in fig. 3, respectively). The burning length of the lead wire is increased to prevent burning and not penetrating the wall of the flammable capsule.

Preferably, the combustible capsule 2 is made of a gas-impermeable material. Can effectively prevent the capsule from being deflated and water molecules in the air from entering the capsule.

Preferably, the combustible capsule 2 is made of hydrocarbon materials such as polyethylene, polypropylene alcohol and the like. The polymer does not contain heterocyclic high molecular polymer or mixture thereof, only contains organic matters of C, H, O and other elements, but does not contain substances such as metal, halogen and the like, carbon dioxide, water and a small amount of carbon monoxide can be only generated during explosion, and fragments which are not completely combusted can be naturally degraded, so that the environmental safety is realized.

Preferably, the explosive powder 21 is made of carbon powder and/or single-base powder. The high molecular polymer without heterocycle or the mixture thereof has the advantages that the lowest detonation energy and the pressure generated during explosion of the explosive material can be regulated by adopting different formulas, the explosive material only contains C, H, O, N elements, does not contain substances such as metal, halogen and the like, and has low N element content, so that carbon dioxide, water, a small amount of nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide can be generated during explosion, but aromatic cancerogenic substances cannot be generated, and the safety of the environment and human bodies can be realized.

Example 1

S1, treating explosive powder materials: uniformly mixing explosive powder 21 (30 g of 130-mesh single-base powder and 15g of carbon powder with D50=48 mu m) in an environment with humidity lower than 80% under the atmospheric pressure of 0.9 times, and drying to obtain a dried powder with the moisture content lower than 50%;

S2, capsule preparation: dissolving part of the explosive powder 21 in an organic solvent, coating the organic solvent on the inner wall of the flammable capsule 2 to form an explosive layer, and after the explosive layer is dried, refilling the explosive powder 21 in the step S1 into the flammable capsule 2, and then sealing to form the flammable capsule 2; the diameter of the combustible capsule 2 is 5 mm-10 mm, the length is 5 mm-20 mm, and the wall thickness is 0.1 mm-2 mm;

s3, packaging firecrackers: and (2) loading the combustible capsule 2 in the step (S2) into a cylinder body (1), wherein a sealing bottom (4) is arranged at one end of the cylinder body (1), a lead (5) is firstly inserted into the other end of the cylinder body, and finally, a sealing end (3) is loaded to form the firecrackers.

Example two

S1, treating explosive powder materials: uniformly mixing explosive powder 21 (d50=48μm carbon powder 2 g) in an environment with humidity lower than 80% under normal pressure, and drying to obtain a dry powder with moisture content lower than 30%;

S2, capsule preparation: dissolving part of the explosive powder 21 in an organic solvent, coating the organic solvent on the inner wall of the flammable capsule 2 to form an explosive layer, and after the explosive layer is dried, refilling the explosive powder 21 in the step S1 into the flammable capsule 2, filling oxygen, and then sealing to form the flammable capsule 2; the diameter of the combustible capsule 2 is 5 mm-10 mm, the length is 5 mm-20 mm, and the wall thickness is 0.1 mm-2 mm;

The firecracker explosion principle of the invention: the lead 5 is burnt to form a fire source, high-frequency vibration generated in the burning process of the lead causes the explosive powder 3 in the capsule 2 to be mixed with gas in the capsule to form dust explosion cloud, and after the side wall of the capsule 2 is burnt at high temperature generated by the burning of the lead 4, the explosive powder 3 in the capsule 2 is further detonated.

It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein with reference to specific examples, the description of which is intended only to facilitate an understanding of the method of the present invention and its core ideas. The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of this invention, and it is noted that there is objectively no limit to the specific structure disclosed herein, since numerous modifications, adaptations and variations can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the invention, and the above-described features can be combined in any suitable manner; such modifications, variations and combinations, or the direct application of the inventive concepts and aspects to other applications without modification, are contemplated as falling within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The firecracker based on the dust explosion principle is characterized by comprising a barrel (1), a combustible capsule (2), an end cap (3), a back cover (4) and a lead (5), wherein the combustible capsule (2) is positioned in the barrel (1), and part of explosive powder substances (21) are filled in the combustible capsule; the end caps (3) and the bottom caps (4) are respectively positioned at two ends of the cylinder body (1), and the flammable capsule (2) is sealed in the cylinder body (1); one end of the lead (5) penetrates through the end cap (3) to be in contact with the outer side surface of the flammable capsule (2), and the other end of the lead is positioned outside the cylinder (1); the inner wall of the flammable capsule (2) is coated with an explosive material layer; the combustible capsule (2) is made of a gas-impermeable material.

2. A firecracker based on the principle of dust explosion according to claim 1, characterized in that one end of the lead (5) extends through the end cap (3) and into contact with the back cover (4).

3. Firecracker based on the principle of dust explosion according to claim 1, characterized in that the end of the lead wire (5) contacting the outer side of the flammable capsule (2) is arranged in a zigzag or knotted shape.

4. The firecracker based on the dust explosion principle according to claim 1, wherein the combustible capsule (2) is made of hydrocarbon materials such as polyethylene, polypropylene alcohol and the like.

5. Firecracker based on the principle of dust explosion according to claim 1, characterized in that the explosive powder (21) is made of carbon powder and/or single-base powder.