CN117905117A - Deep load plate test system and test method - Google Patents
Deep load plate test system and test method Download PDFInfo
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- CN117905117A CN117905117A CN202410043092.5A CN202410043092A CN117905117A CN 117905117 A CN117905117 A CN 117905117A CN 202410043092 A CN202410043092 A CN 202410043092A CN 117905117 A CN117905117 A CN 117905117A
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 58
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 35
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 14
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- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
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- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
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- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 2
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Landscapes
- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a deep load plate test system and a test method, which are characterized in that: the pile grouting device comprises a filling pile, wherein a loading system is arranged on the filling pile; a force transfer system is arranged between the loading system and the cast-in-place pile; and the cast-in-place pile is provided with a load box near the lower end, and the load box is connected to an external high-pressure oil pump through an oil pipe. The deep load board test system and the test method can shorten the construction period, improve the test effect of the bearing capacity of the deep foundation soil and reduce the engineering cost, and have stronger practicability and better application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of deep foundation soil bearing capacity test, and particularly relates to a deep load board test system and a test method.
Background
The construction safety of high-rise buildings, highways, airports, railways, tunnel structures and the like depends to a great extent on whether a rock-soil body can provide enough bearing capacity, the settlement of a foundation and the like, and parameters in the calculation of the bearing capacity of the foundation and the settlement of the foundation are mainly determined by geotechnical tests and in-situ tests, so that the geotechnical tests and the in-situ tests are indispensable for the construction of various engineering projects. The deep flat plate load test refers to a load test of strength and deformation characteristics of a soil body on a certain layer in a semi-infinite body, and compared with other in-situ test methods, the load test can provide more reliable data for design calculation of bearing capacity, deformation modulus and the like of the soil body on a bearing layer and a lower lying layer of the bearing layer for the deep foundation design of a high-rise building. The conventional deep flat plate load test mainly comprises a stacking method and a load box self-balancing method, but the stacking method needs to be embedded with devices such as a stress meter and the like, and is complicated; the load box self-balancing method has low applicability because of range limitation and influences the test effect when the sediment at the bottom of the pile is too large.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides a deep load board test system and a test method which can shorten the construction period, improve the test effect of the bearing capacity of deep foundation soil and reduce the construction cost.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the provided deep load plate test system is characterized in that: the pile grouting device comprises a filling pile, wherein a loading system is arranged on the filling pile; a force transfer system is arranged between the loading system and the cast-in-place pile; and the cast-in-place pile is provided with a load box near the lower end, and the load box is connected to an external high-pressure oil pump through an oil pipe.
In order to make the above technical solution more detailed and concrete, the present invention further provides the following preferred technical solutions, so as to obtain a satisfactory practical effect:
The test system is also provided with a displacement sensor and a displacement detection tube for detecting the displacement of the filling pile.
The loading system comprises a reference beam, and a load block is arranged on the reference beam.
And a base plate is arranged below the reference beam, and the pull-wire type displacement meter of the displacement sensor and the displacement detection tube is arranged on the base plate.
And a bearing plate is arranged below the load box, and a pressure sensor is arranged on the bearing plate.
The force transfer system comprises a jack, the jack acts on a force transfer column of the filling pile, and a load box is arranged below the force transfer column; the bearing plate is arranged below the load box; a displacement rod is arranged from the bearing plate to the pile top, and the displacement rod slides through the load box; the lower part of the displacement detection tube is connected with the load box to protect the displacement rod from driving displacement to the pile top displacement meter.
The test method of the deep load plate test system is characterized by comprising the following steps of: step one: preparing before construction; step two: the load box is manufactured and welded with the reinforcement cage; step three: installing the assembled load box and the steel reinforcement cage into a pile foundation; step four: placing the reinforcement cage and the load box into the hole and cleaning the hole again; step five: pouring concrete; step six: installing a deep load test device; step seven: detecting by a self-balancing method; step eight: and (5) detecting by a stacking method.
Welding the upper section reinforcement cage and the upper plate of the load box into a whole and welding the horn bars; and welding the lower section reinforcement cage and the upper plate of the load box into a whole and welding the horn ribs.
In the fifth step, when the concrete approaches the load box, the speed of pulling out the guide pipe is reduced, when the concrete at the upper part of the load box is more than 2.5m, the bottom end of the guide pipe can be pulled out of the load box, and the concrete is continuously poured to the designed pile top; the slump ratio of the concrete poured into the lower part of the load box is controlled to be 200-220mm.
And step eight, a jack is utilized to apply pressure to the bearing plate in a grading manner through a force transmission column, and when the settlement stability of the load of the stage is reached, the pressure and the displacement value of the bearing plate are respectively measured through a pressure sensor and a displacement sensor.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: the deep load board test system and the test method can shorten the construction period, improve the test effect of the bearing capacity of the deep foundation soil and reduce the engineering cost, and have stronger practicability and better application prospect.
Drawings
The contents expressed in the drawings of the present specification and the marks in the drawings are briefly described as follows:
FIG. 1is a schematic diagram of a deep load plate test system;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the reinforcement cage and the load box;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the cross-sectional structure A-A in FIG. 2;
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a welded structure of a load box and a displacement detecting tube in the present invention.
Reference numerals: 1. load block, 2, jack, 3, oil pipe, 4, high-pressure oil pump, 5, static load appearance, 6, backing plate, 7, bored concrete pile, 8, displacement sensor, 9, displacement protection tube, 10, load box, 11, bearing plate, 12, displacement detection tube, 13, loudspeaker muscle, 14, girth weld.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention refers to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate in further detail.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
The deep load plate test system comprises a cast-in-place pile 7, wherein a loading system is arranged on the cast-in-place pile 7; a force transfer system is arranged between the loading system and the cast-in-place pile 7; a load box 10 is provided near the lower end of the cast-in-place pile 7, said load box 10 being connected to the external high-pressure oil pump 4 through an oil pipe 3. The test system is also provided with a displacement sensor 8 and a displacement detection tube 12 for detecting the displacement of the cast-in-place pile.
The invention aims to provide a deep load board test system and a test method which can realize the purposes of shortening the construction period, improving the bearing capacity test effect of deep foundation soil and reducing the construction cost, and the invention aims to solve the technical problems in the prior art and is a method for carrying out a deep load board test by utilizing a load box and load block combined mode.
A deep load plate test system by utilizing a load box and load block combined mode comprises a load system, a force transmission system and a test system. The loading system comprises a reference beam, and a load block 1 is placed on the reference beam to carry out stacking and counterweight. The force transfer system comprises a jack 2 arranged between the loading system and the cast-in-place pile 7. A base plate 6 is arranged below the reference beam, displacement sensors 8 are arranged on two sides above the base plate 6, and holes are formed in the base plate 6 and used for penetrating out of wires of the displacement detection tube 12 and the pressure sensor; the jack 2 acts on a force transmission column of the filling pile 7, a load box is arranged below the force transmission column, a bearing plate 11 is arranged below the load box, a pressure sensor is positioned on the bearing plate 11, a displacement rod is arranged from the bearing plate 11 to the pile top, the displacement rod and the load box relatively slide, and the displacement of the bearing plate can be transmitted to a pile top displacement meter through a displacement detection pipe 12; the test system comprises a pressure sensor, a displacement sensor and a stay wire type displacement meter; the lead of the pressure sensor passes through the load box and the backing plate and is connected with the data acquisition instrument, and the terminal of the data acquisition instrument is connected with the test system; the stay wire type displacement meter is fixed on the displacement rod.
In the above system for testing a deep load plate by using a load box and load block combined mode, further, the system for testing a deep load plate by using a load box and load block combined mode further comprises that the reinforcement cage welded with the load box is made into a single section, and the weight of the single section of reinforcement cage is determined according to the on-site hoisting capacity. Before the concrete is poured, the sand content of the pile foundation slurry is at a low value required by the specification (namely a lower limit value required by the specification), and the additive bentonite is added to slow down the sedimentation speed of the slurry, so that the slurry sedimentation speed is prevented from being too high, and the slurry at the bottom of a load box is prevented from being too thick. When pouring pile foundation underwater concrete, when the conduit opening is in the range below the load box, the slump ratio of the poured concrete is controlled to be 200-220mm. And an ultrasonic sounding pipeline is arranged on the load box, and after the detection work is finished, all gaps near the load box are filled up by grouting the ultrasonic sounding pipeline. When the concrete is poured, calculating the amount of the concrete required when the conduit opening is poured to the top surface height of the load box, controlling the slump of the batch of concrete according to 200-220mm, and controlling the slump of the concrete according to 160-200 mm of normal value. The measure mainly prevents the steel reinforcement cage from floating upwards due to overlarge impact force on the bottom of the load box when the underwater concrete turns upwards. And (5) carrying out pile foundation bearing capacity test on pile foundation concrete to reach the required strength. After the bearing capacity test is finished, the pile foundation at the load box is provided with a disconnected gap, so that the pile foundation is not influenced to use, the gap is filled by grouting at the position of the ultrasonic sound measuring tube, and the integrity of the pile foundation is ensured.
A method for carrying out a deep load plate test by utilizing a load box and load block combined mode, a system for carrying out a deep load plate test by utilizing the load box and load block combined mode, comprises the following steps:
Step one: and (5) preparing before construction.
Step 1: and calculating the balance point positions of the measuring piles by the self-balancing method according to design and specification requirements, and determining the number of the measuring piles.
Step 2: constructing a pile foundation according to a design drawing, and preventing inclined holes and inclined holes; and (3) paying attention to the water head in the hole, preventing the hole from being reversely struggled and collapsing, and paying attention to hole cleaning during hole finishing. After drilling is completed, verticality is detected.
Step two: and the load box is manufactured and welded with the reinforcement cage.
Step 1: the load box 10 is placed on a flat field, an upper section reinforcement cage (protective tube) is lifted by a crane and welded with an upper plate of the load box into a whole, and horn ribs 13 are welded; then the load box bottom plate is connected with the lower section of reinforcement cage, and horn ribs 13 are welded; and placing the test equipment and the reinforcement cage into the pile bottom by using a crane. Or the load box 10 stands up and is connected to the ground as in conventional reinforcement cage ties. The reinforcement cage can be manufactured in sections according to the on-site hoisting conditions, the design length of the reinforcement cage, the burial depth position of the load box and the like, wherein the first section of reinforcement cage is formed by erecting the load box on a flat ground, welding the reinforcement cage and the lower plate of the load box into a whole, and welding the lower horn bar; welding the second section of reinforcement cage and the upper plate of the load box into a whole and welding upper horn ribs; and then hoisting the two sections of reinforcement cages and the first load box to the orifice by using a crane, and welding or connecting other sections of reinforcement cages which are manufactured in advance by using sleeves on the orifice.
Step 2: the displacement detection pipes 12 are connected in an overlapping mode through the displacement protection pipe 9 and are welded with the reinforcement cage into a whole, and the connection positions are welded through the girth welds 14, so that the pipes are ensured to be impermeable to mud.
Step three: and installing the assembled load box and the steel reinforcement cage into the pile foundation.
Step 1: the load box 10 and all main reinforcements of the reinforcement cage should be firmly connected, and the central axis of the reinforcement cage should be consistent with the axis of the load box, so that the force application direction of the load box is consistent with the bearing force direction. The levelness of the load box after the crane is lifted vertically is less than 5%.
Step 2: before the pile foundation is put down in the reinforcement cage, the pile aperture, the perpendicularity and the hole bottom sediment thickness should be detected again.
Step four: and cleaning the hole again after the reinforcement cage and the load box are placed in the hole.
After the first hole cleaning, the concentration of the slurry is lower than that of a normal hole pile (and the sedimentation speed of the slurry is slowed down by adding the additive bentonite), and the secondary hole cleaning is needed after the reinforcement cage and the load box are placed in the holes.
Step five: and (5) pouring concrete.
Step 1: and after the inspection, pouring concrete is started, when the concrete approaches to the load box, the speed of pulling out the guide pipe is slow, when the concrete at the upper part of the load box is more than 2.5m, the bottom end of the guide pipe can be pulled out of the load box, and the concrete is continuously poured to the designed pile top. The slump of the concrete at the lower part of the load box is preferably more than 200mm, and the slump ratio of the poured concrete is controlled to be 200-220mm, so that the concrete can be turned up at the load box conveniently.
Step 2: and in the construction (concrete pouring and pile head breaking) process, the load box, the oil pipe and the steel pipe end socket are protected.
Step 3: after the concrete has a certain strength, the quality of pile foundation concrete is detected by utilizing ultrasonic waves, so that the integrity of the pile body is ensured, and the influence on a test result due to the quality of the pile body is avoided.
Step six: and installing a deep load test device.
Step 1: and (5) installing a reference beam. After the concrete is poured, the field is leveled, the reference beam 6 is installed, and the reference beam is adjusted according to specific conditions during arrangement. When land is tested, pile foundation (more than 20I-steel can be adopted) under the reference beam is driven into the soil by at least 2m. One end of the reference beam is hinged with the pile foundation, the other end of the reference beam is welded with the pile foundation, and the length of the reference beam is generally not less than 8m.
Step 2: treating pile heads, welding backing plates at the tops of the force transmission columns, installing jacks, buttresses and reference beams, carrying out counterweight by using sand bags or concrete test blocks (piling up piles above a load box, closing the load box, continuously loading the piles (loading each stage with smaller tonnage), and testing the bearing capacity of pile ends); and (3) penetrating out a lead of the pressure sensor on the backing plate to be connected with a data acquisition instrument, then connecting with a testing system, and connecting the upper end of the displacement rod with a straightening device on the ground surface to form a complete real-time testing system for the deep load test.
Step seven: and (5) detecting by a self-balancing method.
The loading adopts a slow load maintaining method, and the test is carried out according to the technical standards for construction of highway bridge and culvert (JTJ 041-2000) and the self-balancing method for foundation pile static load test (JT/T738-2009) of the people's republic of China.
The self-balancing loading method is to embed a special loading device (loading box) and a reinforcement cage into the corresponding position in the pile before concrete pouring (the specific position is determined according to different purposes and conditions of the test), guide a pressurizing pipe of the loading box and other required testing devices (displacement, strain and the like) from the pile body to the ground, and then fill the pile. The pressurizing pump pressurizes and loads the load box on the ground, so that loading force is generated inside the pile body, and through calculation and analysis of the relation between the loading force and the parameters (displacement, strain and the like), the pile foundation bearing capacity can be obtained, and data such as pile side resistance at the upper end of the load box and pile end resistance at the lower end can be obtained. The method can be used for providing data basis for design and can also be used for detecting the bearing capacity of the engineering pile.
At present, in common engineering practice in China, a load box is often buried at a position where counter forces of an upper part and a lower part of a pile are balanced (as shown in figure 2), two reverse and relatively balanced forces are generated through the load box, data equivalent to two static load tests are obtained by the load box, the load box is above the load box, corresponding reaction series parameters of the pile body of the upper part during reverse loading are obtained by the load box, and corresponding reaction parameters of the pile body of the lower part of the load box are obtained by the load box.
Step eight: and (5) detecting by a stacking method.
Step 1: and removing relevant equipment of the self-balancing method of the load box on the ground, and carrying out a stacking test.
Step 2: real-time test of deep load test
The jack is utilized to apply pressure to the bearing plate in a grading way through the force transmission column; when the load settlement of the stage is stable, the pressure and the displacement value of the bearing plate are respectively measured through a pressure sensor and a displacement sensor; firstly, displaying a load value on a force transmission column from a pressure gauge on a jack, and acquiring a reading obtained by symmetrically installing displacement sensors on a backing plate of the force transmission column, wherein the reading is an indirect test result; and secondly, directly measuring the readings of the pressure sensor and the stay wire type displacement meter on the bearing plate by using a data acquisition instrument, and obtaining a direct test result. And comparing the direct test result with the indirect test result to improve the detection accuracy.
In summary, the invention has the following advantages and positive effects:
According to the invention, a plurality of test data are tested through one process, pile side resistance-pile body displacement and pile end resistance-pile end displacement change curves can be obtained, and the pile end vertical ultimate bearing capacity, pile side resistance and the like are estimated according to test results.
The invention organically combines the load box self-balancing method and the stacking method on the basis of the traditional stacking method deep flat plate load test and the load box self-balancing method deep flat plate load test, further accelerates the deep foundation soil bearing capacity test process, shortens the construction period and further improves the deep foundation soil bearing capacity test effect. The technology better meets the requirements of owners and has great popularization value in actual engineering.
Compared with a stacking method, the method does not need to embed devices such as a stress meter and the like, and the P-s curve can be obtained by measuring the displacement of the load box; compared with a load box, the measuring range is not limited, the problems of overlarge sediment at the bottom of the pile and the like are solved, and the detection accuracy is improved.
According to the method for carrying out the deep load board test in the load box and loading block combined mode, the load box self-balancing method and the stacking method are organically combined, the deep foundation soil bearing capacity test process is further accelerated, the construction period is shortened, the deep foundation soil bearing capacity test effect is further improved, and the test accuracy is ensured.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
Thus far, the technical solution of the present invention has been described in connection with the preferred embodiments shown in the drawings, but it is easily understood by those skilled in the art that the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to these specific embodiments. Equivalent modifications and substitutions for related technical features may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the present invention, and such modifications and substitutions will be within the scope of the present invention.
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention; various modifications and variations of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A deep load plate test system, characterized in that: the pile grouting device comprises a filling pile, wherein a loading system is arranged on the filling pile; a force transfer system is arranged between the loading system and the cast-in-place pile; and the cast-in-place pile is provided with a load box near the lower end, and the load box is connected to an external high-pressure oil pump through an oil pipe.
2. The deep load plate test system of claim 1, wherein: the test system is also provided with a displacement sensor and a displacement detection tube for detecting the displacement of the filling pile.
3. The deep loadboard test system of claim 2, wherein: the loading system comprises a reference beam, and a load block is arranged on the reference beam.
4. A deep load plate test system according to claim 3, wherein: and a base plate is arranged below the reference beam, and the pull-wire type displacement meter of the displacement sensor and the displacement detection tube is arranged on the base plate.
5. The deep loadboard test system of claim 2, wherein: and a bearing plate is arranged below the load box, and a pressure sensor is arranged on the bearing plate.
6. The deep loadboard test system of claim 5, wherein: the force transfer system comprises a jack, the jack acts on a force transfer column of the filling pile, and a load box is arranged below the force transfer column; the bearing plate is arranged below the load box; a displacement rod is arranged from the bearing plate to the pile top, and the displacement rod slides through the load box; the lower part of the displacement detection tube is connected with the load box to protect the displacement rod from driving displacement to the pile top displacement meter.
7. A deep load plate test system test method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of: step one: preparing before construction; step two: the load box is manufactured and welded with the reinforcement cage; step three: installing the assembled load box and the steel reinforcement cage into a pile foundation; step four: placing the reinforcement cage and the load box into the hole and cleaning the hole again; step five: pouring concrete; step six: installing a deep load test device; step seven: detecting by a self-balancing method; step eight: and (5) detecting by a stacking method.
8. The deep loadboard test system test method of claim 7, wherein: welding the upper section reinforcement cage and the upper plate of the load box into a whole and welding the horn bars; and welding the lower section reinforcement cage and the upper plate of the load box into a whole and welding the horn ribs.
9. The deep loadboard test system test method of claim 8, wherein: in the fifth step, when the concrete approaches the load box, the speed of pulling out the guide pipe is reduced, when the concrete at the upper part of the load box is more than 2.5m, the bottom end of the guide pipe can be pulled out of the load box, and the concrete is continuously poured to the designed pile top; the slump ratio of the concrete poured into the lower part of the load box is controlled to be 200-220mm.
10. The deep loadboard test system test method of claim 7, wherein: and step eight, a jack is utilized to apply pressure to the bearing plate in a grading manner through a force transmission column, and when the settlement stability of the load of the stage is reached, the pressure and the displacement value of the bearing plate are respectively measured through a pressure sensor and a displacement sensor.
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| CN202410043092.5A CN117905117A (en) | 2024-01-11 | 2024-01-11 | Deep load plate test system and test method |
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