CN110117968B - 4000 t-level pile foundation vertical compression-resistant static load test method - Google Patents
4000 t-level pile foundation vertical compression-resistant static load test method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a 4000 t-grade pile foundation vertical compression-resistant static load test method, which is divided into installation of a deep thick liquefaction layer isolation system; constructing a test pile and an anchor pile; installing a loading and measuring device; mounting a counterforce device; mounting a stacking block; loading and unloading; analyzing test results; the test apparatus used eight steps. The invention can be suitable for the conditions of water area and land area environment, deep liquefaction layer isolation, 4000 t-level static pressure load and more test piles, and has the advantages of safe and reliable stress, wide application range, flexible loading method and small dependence on construction equipment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of vertical uplift static load tests of pile foundations, in particular to a vertical uplift static load test method of a pile foundation under the conditions that single engineering in southeast Asia and south Asia continental areas comprises water area and land area environment test piles, deep liquefaction layer isolation, 4000 t-level static pressure load and a large number of test piles.
Background
With the implementation of the strategy of 'one-by-one' in the sea, the construction scale of overseas market infrastructures is continuously increased, the construction of bridges is changed day by day, and large-span heavy-load bridges are continuously emerged, so that greater opportunities are provided for basic design and construction enterprises in China, and challenges are brought. The natural conditions of parts of regions of southeast Asia and south Asia continental regions are complex, bedrock is buried deeply, the seismic fortification intensity is high, market building materials and mechanical equipment are deficient, mature construction experience is generally lacked, the number of static load tests of a single engineering pile foundation is large, the test load is large, the influence of the pile foundation test on the construction period is huge, and great challenge is brought to the construction of the large-load pile foundation of the large-span heavy-load bridge. In the implementation of the infrastructure project in the area, the vertical static load test of the pile foundation needs to be researched, and a test method with strong bearing capacity, wide application range, good stability and high construction efficiency needs to be developed urgently.
The static load test of pile foundation is a method for testing vertical bearing capacity of single pile, which is close to actual working condition of compression-resistant pile, and it applies vertical load to pile top by using jack through counterforce device, the load capacity is generally measured by precision pressure gauge, and the settlement capacity of pile top is generally measured by large-range dial indicator or displacement sensor. The test result can obtain two basic curves of pile top Q-s and s-lgt. The method can determine the vertical compression resistance limit bearing capacity of the single pile, and can also determine the layered friction resistance of the soil on the side of the pile, the resistance of the pile end, the load transfer rule of the pile body and the like by combining the pile body and the embedded test element of the pile end.
The conventional vertical compression static load test method of the pile foundation can be roughly divided into three methods, namely a pile loading method, an anchor pile method and a pile-anchor bonding method.
The pile loading method is most widely used, and the pile testing load reaches 3000t at present. The advantages are that: the bearing platform is simple to set up, is suitable for different load capacity, and can randomly sample and detect the engineering piles; the disadvantages are that: the applicability of the water area pile test is poor, the requirement on the bearing capacity of the foundation is high when the load capacity is large, the organization of material materials is difficult, equipment cooperation is needed in the process of pile loading and transition, and the efficiency is low.
The anchor pile method is applied more in the water area environment, and the current pile testing load reaches 2500 t. The advantages are that: the pile testing device is suitable for pile testing in water areas, is quick to install and dismantle, is convenient to transition, and has obvious advantages particularly to large-tonnage piles; the disadvantages are that: the bearing capacity of the anchor pile is not easy to control, the cost for specially arranging the anchor pile for testing the pile in the land is high, and the stress of the large-tonnage test pile anchor pile connecting device is complex.
The pile-anchor combination method is applied to large-tonnage test piles with poor ground foundation bearing capacity, and the load of the test piles reaches 3000t at present. The advantages are that: the method is suitable for the environment with poor ground foundation bearing capacity, and the material piling and carrying capacity is reduced. The disadvantages are that: the conventional reaction device has the disadvantages of complex structure, inconvenient assembly and disassembly, poor joint safety, low turnover service efficiency of the test device and poor economy.
The conventional vertical compression static load test method for the pile foundation cannot be used for the vertical compression static load test of the 4000 t-level pile foundation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a 4000 t-level pile foundation vertical compression static load test method which is suitable for water area and land area environments, is suitable for deep liquefaction layer isolation, can reduce dependence on specific hoisting equipment, has high turnover use efficiency and reduces construction investment.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows:
a4000 t-level pile foundation vertical compression static load test method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the concrete construction steps are as follows:
A. and (3) installing a deep liquefaction layer isolation system: firstly, inserting an isolation steel casing on the outer side to the bottom of a liquefaction layer; then, drilling a hole in the isolation steel casing by adopting a rotary drilling machine to reach the bottom elevation of the isolation steel casing; then, the steel pile casing of the test pile is placed downwards and is inserted and driven to a position 1m below the steel pile casing of the isolation pile, 4 positioning rollers are arranged on the outer side of the steel pile casing of the test pile every 5m to serve as positioning measures, and a partition plate is arranged at the bottom of the steel pile casing of the test pile and used for preventing soil flowing between the steel pile casing of the isolation pile and the steel pile casing of the test pile so as to avoid influencing the accuracy of test load;
B. construction of test piles and anchor piles: continuously drilling a hole in the steel pile casing of the test pile to a designed elevation, installing a test element, lowering a reinforcement cage, and pouring underwater concrete to finish the construction of the test pile; the anchor pile construction is completed, and the anchor pile and the test pile are connected through a connecting system, so that the stability of the test pile is ensured; the center distance from the anchor pile to the test pile is not less than 4 times of the diameter of the test pile; the anchor pile main reinforcement extends out of the pile top by 1m and is used for connecting a test pile counterforce device, 4 anchor piles are arranged, and the uplift bearing capacity of a single anchor pile is 500 t;
C. loading and installing a measuring device: arranging a reference pile and a reference beam around the test pile, and installing a dial indicator, wherein the reference pile is arranged outside the range influenced by the test load; installing a pile top pad beam and a loading jack on the pile top of the test pile;
D. installing a counterforce device: installing an anchor pile connecting device on the pile top of the anchor pile, wherein the anchor pile connecting device is connected with the anchor pile main reinforcement through a straight thread sleeve; a cross-shaped counter-force beam is arranged on the anchor pile connecting device and serves as a main stress device; the counterforce beam is connected with the anchor pile connecting device by adopting a high-strength steel bar and is used for transmitting the tension of the anchor pile; the reaction beams are provided with stacking platform beams in groups;
E. mounting a stacking block: a crawler crane is adopted to install the stacking block, the plane size of the stacking range is 12m multiplied by 12m, the stacking height is 6m, and the total stacking load is 2000 t; the loading blocks are prefabricated reinforced concrete blocks;
F. loading and unloading: the method comprises the following steps of 1, totally dividing 8 levels of loading by adopting a single-level cyclic loading and unloading mode, keeping the load according to the specified time, recording the settlement amount and the rebound deformation amount of a test pile, and terminating the loading after the condition of terminating the loading is met, wherein the loading amount of each level is 500 t;
G. and (3) analyzing test results: drawing a load-settlement (Q-S) curve according to the recorded result, and comparing and analyzing the load-settlement curve with the curve recorded by the test element to determine the bearing capacity limit value of the test pile; analyzing the side resistance and the end resistance of each stratum according to the recorded result of the test element, and guiding the subsequent drilled pile design and drilled pile construction process;
H. the test device is used reversely: the stacking and carrying block is unloaded by adopting a crawler crane and is transported to the next pile position; according to the pile testing process, the next test pile adopts a pile loading method, an anchor pile method or a pile anchor bonding method; according to the magnitude of the test load, the reaction device of the next test pile adopts an integral cross-shaped reaction beam or two reaction beams which are disassembled into a straight shape to be respectively used.
In the step A, the inner diameter of the isolation steel casing exceeds the outer diameter of the steel casing of the test pile by 0.2m, and a positioning roller is made of polyethylene; the baffle adopts the rigidity crown plate, can effectively prevent the founding.
In the step B, the test element comprises a displacement meter and a strain meter, can measure the displacement and the strain of the section of the pile body at different depths, and transmits data to analysis software for analyzing the deformation and the load transmission of the pile body at different depths.
In the step C, a reference beam made of the section steel and a large-range dial indicator are used for reducing the measurement error; a pad beam at the pile top of the test pile adopts a welded steel box structure, so that the pile head of the test pile is prevented from being damaged; a plurality of jacks are connected in parallel to work, and the rated working load of the jacks is more than 1.25 times of the test load.
In the step D, the test pile connecting device is a finish machining integral component, and stress is safe and reliable; the high-strength steel bar is made of 40Cr materials, long trapezoidal threads are turned on, nuts are matched at two ends, and nuts are turned on matched internal threads.
And F, performing loading and unloading circulation on each level of load by a slow method, wherein the test result can better reflect the real stress state of the pile foundation.
In the step G, the test result is manually recorded and compared with the test element recording result for analysis, so that the analysis result is more real and reliable; and recording the resistance measured in each stratum, providing result comparison analysis with in-situ exploration, and providing real and reliable bearing capacity data under a specific construction process.
The 4000 t-level pile foundation vertical compression static load test method is divided into installation of a deep thick liquefaction layer isolation system; constructing a test pile and an anchor pile; installing a loading and measuring device; mounting a counterforce device; mounting a stacking block; loading and unloading; analyzing test results; the test apparatus used eight steps. The invention can be suitable for the conditions of water area and land area environment, deep liquefaction layer isolation, 4000 t-level static pressure load and more test piles, and has the advantages of safe and reliable stress, wide application range, flexible loading method and small dependence on construction equipment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a pile foundation static load test arrangement;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view taken along line A-A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the direction B-B of FIG. 1.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples and drawings.
A4000 t-level pile foundation vertical compression static load test method comprises the following specific construction steps:
A. and (3) installing a deep liquefaction layer isolation system: firstly, inserting and punching an isolation steel casing 1 at the outer side to the bottom of a liquefaction layer; then, drilling a hole in the isolation steel casing 1 by adopting a rotary drilling machine to reach the bottom elevation of the isolation steel casing; then the test pile steel casing 2 is placed downwards and is inserted and driven to a position 1m below the isolation steel casing 1, 4 positioning rollers 3 are arranged on the outer side of the test pile steel casing 2 every 5m to serve as positioning measures of the test pile steel casing 2, and a partition plate 14 is arranged at the bottom of the test pile steel casing 2 and used for preventing sand between the isolation steel casing 1 and the test pile steel casing 2 from influencing the accuracy of test load;
B. construction of a test pile 4 and an anchor pile 5: drilling continuously in the test pile steel casing 2 to a designed elevation, installing a test element 16, lowering a reinforcement cage 15, and pouring underwater concrete to complete the construction of the test pile 4; the construction of the anchor pile 5 is completed at the design position, and the anchor pile 5 and the test pile 4 are connected through the connecting system 11, so that the stability of the test pile 4 is ensured; the center distance from the anchor pile 5 to the test pile 4 is not less than 4 times of the diameter of the test pile 4; the anchor pile main reinforcement 19 extends out of the pile top by 1m and is used for connecting the anchor pile connecting device 7, 4 anchor piles 5 are arranged, and the uplift bearing capacity of a single anchor pile 5 is 500 t;
C. loading and installing a measuring device: arranging a reference pile 12 and a reference beam 13 around the test pile 4, wherein the reference pile 12 is arranged outside the range influenced by the test load; installing a pile top pad beam 18 and a loading jack 6 at the pile top of the test pile 4;
D. installing a counterforce device: an anchor pile connecting device 7 is arranged at the pile top of the anchor pile 5, and the anchor pile connecting device 7 is connected with the anchor pile main reinforcement 19 by adopting a straight thread sleeve; a cross-shaped counter-force beam 8 is arranged on the anchor pile connecting device 7 and is used as a main stress device; the counterforce beam 8 is connected with the anchor pile connecting device 7 by adopting a high-strength steel bar 17 and is used for transmitting the tension of the anchor pile; the reaction beams 8 are provided with stacking platform beams 9 in groups;
E. the stacking block 10 is installed: a crawler crane is adopted to install the stacking block 10, the plane size of the stacking range is 12m multiplied by 12m, the stacking height is 6m, and the total stacking load is 2000 t; the loading block 10 adopts a prefabricated reinforced concrete block;
F. loading and unloading: the method comprises the following steps of 1, totally dividing 8 levels of loading by adopting a single-level loading and unloading circulation mode, keeping the load according to the specified time, recording the settlement amount and the rebound deformation amount of a test pile, and terminating the loading after the condition of terminating the loading is met, wherein the loading amount of each level is 500 t;
G. and (3) analyzing test results: drawing a load-settlement (Q-S) curve according to the recorded result, and comparing and analyzing the load-settlement curve with the curve recorded by the test element to determine the bearing capacity limit value of the test pile; analyzing the side resistance and the end resistance of each stratum according to the recorded result of the test element, and guiding the subsequent drilled pile design and drilled pile construction process;
H. the test device is used reversely: the stacking block 10 is unloaded by a crawler crane and is transported to the next pile position; according to the pile testing process, the next test pile adopts a pile loading method, an anchor pile method or a pile anchor bonding method; according to the test load, the reaction device of the next test pile adopts the reaction beam 8 which is overall cross-shaped, or the reaction beam 8 which is disassembled into two straight lines is used respectively.
In the step B, the test element comprises a displacement meter and a strain meter, can measure the displacement and the strain of the section of the pile body at different depths, and transmits data to analysis software for analyzing the deformation and the load transmission of the pile body at different depths.
In the step C, a reference beam made of the section steel and a large-range dial indicator are used for reducing the measurement error; a pad beam at the pile top of the test pile adopts a welded steel box structure, so that the pile head of the test pile is prevented from being damaged; a plurality of jacks are connected in parallel to work, and the rated working load of the jacks is more than 1.25 times of the test load.
In the step D, the test pile connecting device is a finish machining integral component, and stress is safe and reliable; the high-strength steel bar is made of 40Cr materials, long trapezoidal threads are turned on, nuts are matched at two ends, and nuts are turned on matched internal threads.
And F, performing loading and unloading circulation on each level of load by a slow method, wherein the test result can better reflect the real stress state of the pile foundation.
In the step G, the test result is manually recorded and compared with the test element recording result for analysis, so that the analysis result is more real and reliable; and recording the resistance measured in each stratum, providing result comparison analysis with in-situ exploration, and providing real and reliable bearing capacity data under a specific construction process.
Claims (7)
1. The vertical compression-resistant static load test method for the 4000 t-level pile foundation is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the concrete construction steps are as follows:
A. and (3) installing a deep liquefaction layer isolation system: firstly, inserting an isolation steel casing on the outer side to the bottom of a liquefaction layer; then, drilling a hole in the isolation steel casing by adopting a rotary drilling machine to reach the bottom elevation of the isolation steel casing; then, the test pile steel casing is placed downwards and is inserted and driven to a position 1m below the isolation steel casing, 4 positioning rollers are arranged on the outer side of the test pile steel casing every 5m to serve as positioning measures, and a partition plate is arranged at the bottom of the test pile steel casing and used for preventing soil flowing between the isolation steel casing and the test pile steel casing so as to avoid influencing test load accuracy;
B. construction of test piles and anchor piles: continuously drilling a hole in the steel pile casing of the test pile to a designed elevation, installing a test element, lowering a reinforcement cage, and pouring underwater concrete to finish the construction of the test pile; the anchor pile construction is completed, and the anchor pile and the test pile are connected through a connecting system, so that the stability of the test pile 4 is ensured; the center distance from the anchor pile to the test pile is not less than 4 times of the diameter of the test pile; the anchor pile main reinforcement extends out of the pile top by 1m and is used for connecting a test pile counterforce device, 4 anchor piles are arranged, and the uplift bearing capacity of a single anchor pile is 500 t;
C. loading and installing a measuring device: arranging a reference pile and a reference beam around the test pile, and installing a dial indicator, wherein the reference pile is arranged outside the range influenced by the test load; installing a pile top pad beam and a loading jack on the pile top of the test pile;
D. installing a counterforce device: installing an anchor pile connecting device on the pile top of the anchor pile, wherein the anchor pile connecting device is connected with the anchor pile main reinforcement through a straight thread sleeve; a cross-shaped counter-force beam is arranged on the anchor pile connecting device and serves as a main stress device; the counterforce beam is connected with the anchor pile connecting device by adopting a high-strength steel bar and is used for transmitting the tension of the anchor pile; the reaction beams are provided with stacking platform beams in groups;
E. mounting a stacking block: a crawler crane is adopted to install the stacking block, the plane size of the stacking range is 12m multiplied by 12m, the stacking height is 6m, and the total stacking load is 2000 t; the loading blocks are prefabricated reinforced concrete blocks;
F. loading and unloading: the method comprises the following steps of 1, totally dividing 8 levels of loading by adopting a single-level cyclic loading and unloading mode, keeping the load according to the specified time, recording the settlement amount and the rebound deformation amount of a test pile, and terminating the loading after the condition of terminating the loading is met, wherein the loading amount of each level is 500 t;
G. and (3) analyzing test results: drawing a load-settlement (Q-S) curve according to the recorded result, and comparing and analyzing the load-settlement curve with the curve recorded by the test element to determine the bearing capacity limit value of the test pile; analyzing the side resistance and the end resistance of each stratum according to the recorded result of the test element, and guiding the subsequent drilled pile design and drilled pile construction process;
H. the test device is used reversely: the stacking and carrying block is unloaded by adopting a crawler crane and is transported to the next pile position; according to the pile testing process, the next test pile adopts a pile loading method, an anchor pile method or a pile anchor bonding method; according to the magnitude of the test load, the reaction device of the next test pile adopts an integral cross-shaped reaction beam or two reaction beams which are disassembled into a straight shape to be respectively used.
2. The vertical compression-resistant static load test method for the 4000 t-level pile foundation according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step A, the inner diameter of the isolation steel casing exceeds the outer diameter of the steel casing of the test pile by 0.2m, and a positioning roller is made of polyethylene; the baffle adopts the rigidity crown plate, can effectively prevent the founding.
3. The vertical compression-resistant static load test method for the 4000 t-level pile foundation according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step B, the test element comprises a displacement meter and a strain meter, can measure the displacement and the strain of the section of the pile body at different depths, and transmits data to analysis software for analyzing the deformation and the load transmission of the pile body at different depths.
4. The vertical compression-resistant static load test method for the 4000 t-level pile foundation according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step C, a reference beam made of the section steel and a large-range dial indicator are used for reducing the measurement error; a pad beam at the pile top of the test pile adopts a welded steel box structure, so that the pile head of the test pile is prevented from being damaged; a plurality of jacks are connected in parallel to work, and the rated working load of the jacks is more than 1.25 times of the test load.
5. The vertical compression-resistant static load test method for the 4000 t-level pile foundation according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step D, the test pile connecting device is a finish machining integral component, and stress is safe and reliable; the high-strength steel bar is made of 40Cr materials, long trapezoidal threads are turned on, nuts are matched at two ends, and nuts are turned on matched internal threads.
6. The vertical compression-resistant static load test method for the 4000 t-level pile foundation according to claim 1, characterized in that: and F, performing loading and unloading circulation on each level of load by a slow method, wherein the test result can better reflect the real stress state of the pile foundation.
7. The vertical compression-resistant static load test method for the 4000 t-level pile foundation according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step G, the test result is manually recorded and compared with the test element recording result for analysis, so that the analysis result is more real and reliable; and recording the resistance measured in each stratum, providing result comparison analysis with in-situ exploration, and providing real and reliable bearing capacity data under a specific construction process.
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| CN113389230A (en) * | 2021-07-19 | 2021-09-14 | 中国港湾工程有限责任公司 | Counter-force system suitable for pile foundation axial large-tonnage static load test |
| CN113622470B (en) * | 2021-08-17 | 2022-11-08 | 南京工程学院 | A balancing method of pile test pile site |
| CN114839072A (en) * | 2022-04-25 | 2022-08-02 | 中铁四局集团第五工程有限公司 | Static load test method for monitoring bearing capacity of support disc pile |
| CN118257303B (en) * | 2024-05-29 | 2024-08-06 | 四川文茂建设工程检测有限公司 | Pile foundation detection device and detection method for engineering detection |
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| CN201031400Y (en) * | 2007-05-18 | 2008-03-05 | 河北省建筑科学研究院 | Combined anchored internally supporting static loading tester |
| CN101435207A (en) * | 2008-12-24 | 2009-05-20 | 关喜才 | Uplift pile loading test method and apparatus |
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| KR20020075489A (en) * | 2001-03-24 | 2002-10-05 | 대림산업 주식회사 | The creation of load test set for large diameter battered steel pipe pile constructed on the coastal area |
| CN201031400Y (en) * | 2007-05-18 | 2008-03-05 | 河北省建筑科学研究院 | Combined anchored internally supporting static loading tester |
| CN101435207A (en) * | 2008-12-24 | 2009-05-20 | 关喜才 | Uplift pile loading test method and apparatus |
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