CN1178872C - Process for producing hollow micro bead/aluminium based composite material - Google Patents

Process for producing hollow micro bead/aluminium based composite material Download PDF

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CN1178872C
CN1178872C CNB011419121A CN01141912A CN1178872C CN 1178872 C CN1178872 C CN 1178872C CN B011419121 A CNB011419121 A CN B011419121A CN 01141912 A CN01141912 A CN 01141912A CN 1178872 C CN1178872 C CN 1178872C
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cenosphere
manufacturing process
hollow micro
fly ash
composite material
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CN1339417A (en
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谭又亭
刘承晖
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

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Abstract

The present invention relates to the technology for manufacturing hollow microspheres/ an aluminium matrix composite material, which comprises the following steps: obtaining hollow microspheres with more than 95% of spherical rate by processing fly ash, such as grading, removing iron, decarbonizing, etc.; obtaining hollow microspheres with favorable wetting properties by processing the hollow microspheres, such as sensitizing, activating, chemical plating, drying, etc.; melting pure aluminium; adding the hollow microspheres processed under the stirring condition; obtaining the good hollow microspheres / the aluminium matrix composite material which are cast under the rapid cooling condition. The composite material has the characteristics of high elasticity modulus, low-density, favorable abrasive resistance, high hardness and low production cost.

Description

The manufacturing process of hollow micro bead/aluminium based composite material
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of coal fly ash hollow micro bead/aluminum matrix composite and manufacturing process thereof, this technology comprises selected, plating metal on surface film, high-speed stirring technology and the cooling process system to coal fly ash hollow micro bead.
Technical background
Ceramic particle (as: SiC, Al 2O 3Deng) the enhanced aluminum matrix composite is a kind of new engineering material that grows up the nearly more than ten years.Compare with matrix alloy, this type of material specific modulus height, wear-resisting, vibration damping, thermal conduction and thermal expansivity are little, thereby have very application prospects and potential market.But because the production cost (the particularly production cost of ceramic particle) of this type of material is higher, its development and application is very limited.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is coal fly ash hollow micro bead is joined in the aluminum base alloy material, make hollow micro bead/aluminium based composite material, the characteristics of this hollow micro bead/aluminium based composite material are: Young's modulus height, hardness height, density is low, wear resistance good, production cost is low.Material of the present invention especially is suitable for the starting material of crank connecting link, aluminum alloy doors and windows of piston of automobile, engine, piston etc.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of manufacturing process of coal fly ash hollow micro bead/aluminum matrix composite.
The manufacturing process of coal fly ash hollow micro bead/aluminum matrix composite of the present invention comprises: selected, the plating metal on surface film of cenosphere, high-speed stirring technology and process for cooling.
(A) coal fly ash hollow micro bead is selected, and the selected of described coal fly ash hollow micro bead is that classification obtains 0.5~5 μ m (proportion 1.8~2.2g/cm from the dust of flyash 3), float and obtain 20~100 μ m (proportion 0.4~0.6g/cm in the pearl 3) two kinds of other coal fly ash hollow micro beads of level, by the high gradient magnetic separator deironing,, the oxides-containing iron of cenosphere is reduced to below 1% from 3%~15% then by magnetic separation, by the semiconductor machine carbon elimination, obtain spherical rate at last again at the cenosphere material more than 95%.
The selected preferred employing of described coal fly ash hollow micro bead be the cenosphere that air classification is produced 0.5~5 μ m, adopt and revolving the cenosphere that the sieve screening of shaking obtains 20~100 μ m.
(B) plating metal on surface film, described cenosphere plating metal on surface film is at the very thin metal plating (as: aluminium, silver, nickel etc.) of cenosphere surface plating one deck, the method of metal-coated membrane is not special restriction, so long as form the metallic membrane that improves wettability on the cenosphere surface.
Sensitization → washing → activation → electroless plating → washing → operations such as oven dry below for example adopting are carried out, are specifically comprised:
(a) carry out sensitization with the solution that contains tin protochloride, hydrochloric acid and block tin and handle, for example containing 5~15 gram SnCl 22H 2Carry out sensitization in the solution of O+30~50 gram HCl+20~300 gram block tins/rise solvent and handle, 2~6 minutes after washings of continuously stirring under the room temperature filter, and described solvent can be water or alcoholic solvent;
(b) with containing lead chloride, hydrochloric acid and H 3BO 3Solution activate, for example containing 0.25~0.5 the gram PbCl 2+ 0.20~0.30 milliliter of HCl+10~30 gram H 3BO 3/ rise in the solution of solvent and activate 1~4 minute after washing, filter, described solvent can be water or alcoholic solvent;
(c) carry out electroless plating.Electroless plating can be aluminized, silver, nickel etc., for example carries out electroless plating with the solution that contains nickel sulfate hexahydrate compound, ferrous sulfate, ammonium sulfate, trolamine and inferior sodium phosphate, in this solution, has 20~60gNiSO in every liter of solvent 46H 2O, 12~15g (NH 4) 2SO 4, the 80-120g ferrous sulfate, 20~50ml trolamine and 20~60g inferior sodium phosphate, solvent can be water, alcohols etc.PH value 10~11.5,70~75 ℃ of temperature, 30~60 minutes time;
(d) cenosphere that plating is good was dried 0.5~1 hour under 80~100 ℃ in baking oven.
The another kind of method of the plating metal on surface film below perhaps adopting:
Present method is to utilize tensio-active agent that colloidal palladium is adsorbed on the powder surface, in the solution of reductibility palladium ion is reduced into palladium metal then, and powder surface has just had the catalytic activity that chemical nickel plating needs like this.
The operation of present method is: colloidal palladium activation treatment → dispergation → electroless plating → washing → oven dry.
(a) preparation colloidal palladium.At room temperature, preparation A component liquid: PdCl 2Be 1g; SnCl 22H 2O is 48g; HCl is 50ml; H 2O is 100ml.B component liquid: SnCl 22H 2O is 48g; HCl is 100ml; Na 2SnO 33H 2O is 4g.When stirring, B is poured into A and is diluted to 500ml, mix the back and be incubated 3 hours down, obtain colloidal palladium at 40~50 ℃.
(b) colloidal palladium activation treatment cenosphere.With colloidal palladium activation treatment cenosphere, make its surface adsorption one deck colloidal palladium particulate, its activation condition is: activation solution is a colloidal palladium; Temperature is 50~60 ℃; Time is 3 minutes.
(c) use the hydrochloric acid dispergation.Pallamine particulate after the activation does not have katalysis, can not become the nucleus of crystal of chemical nickel plating, the divalent tin ion hydrolysis around the palladium grain must be removed glue-line, exposes the metal particle with catalytic activity.Its working conditions is: solution is the HCl of 0.1mol/L; Temperature is: room temperature; Time is 3 minutes.
(d) electroless plating.Consisting of of this law chemical plating solution: single nickel salt is 45g/l; Inferior sodium phosphate is 20g/l; Trisodium Citrate is 45g/l; Ammonium chloride is 50g/l; Stablizer is 3~4mg/l; Tensio-active agent is a trace; The pH value is 8~8.5; Temperature is 80~85 ℃, and solvent is a water.Tensio-active agent and stablizer are those that use always in this area.
(e) oven dry.The oxidation of nickel occurs for fear of powder surface in drying process, add measures such as dehydrated alcohol and infrared flash baking when the suction washing, bake out temperature is 70~80 ℃.
(C) high-speed stirring technology, described high-speed stirring technology is after the fine aluminium fusing, add cenosphere after the processing on one side by one side high-speed stirring, and casting obtains goods in mould, stirring velocity is controlled between 300~3000 rev/mins, and the addition of cenosphere is generally between 5%~20%.
(D) process for cooling, described process for cooling can adopt air-cooled and the water-cooled dual mode, the time of controlled chilling and speed of cooling.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schema of technology of the present invention.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
The manufacturing process of hollow micro bead/aluminium based composite material as shown in Figure 1, it comprises: the classification of powdered coal ash, by classification, can obtain two kinds of cenosphere materials to the first level flour coal ash by air classification with revolving to shake to sieve, particle diameter is respectively 0.5~5 μ m, 20~100 μ m; The cenosphere material of above-mentioned two kinds of size ranges is used the high gradient magnetic separator deironing respectively, and this magnetic separator is a current version, by magnetic separation, the oxides-containing iron of cenosphere is reduced to below 1%; Semiconductor machine de-carbon, carbon granules impurity are a kind of semiconductor materials, by the friction wheel of semiconductor machine, change the electrical of carbon granules, utilize and electrically remove carbon granule impurity from flyash; It is with containing 10 gram SnCl that sensitization is handled 22H 2The a small amount of block tin of O+40 gram HCl+/liter solution in carry out sensitization and handle, 3 minutes after washings of continuously stirring under the room temperature filter; Activation treatment is at 0.4 gram PbCl 2+ 0.25 milliliter of HCl+20 gram H 3BO 3/ rise 2 minutes after washings of activation in the solution, filter; Electroless plating is: 40 gram NiSO 46H 2O+14 restrains (NH 4) 2SO 4+ 100 grams per liter ferrous sulfate+35 milliliter trolamines+40 gram inferior sodium phosphate/liter solution, 70~75 ℃ of pH value 10~11.5, temperature, are taken out the back 80~100 ℃ of oven dry 0.5~1 hour down at about 60 minutes of the time of plating; Fine aluminium melts in intermediate frequency furnace, and the limit adds the cenosphere after the processing when stirring with the electric mixer limit, and addition is about 5%; Can pour mold for molding in about 10~30 minutes, mould is twined by recirculated water cooling pipe, add air-cooledly again, make its quick cooling, thereby can obtain two kinds of high-quality hollow micro bead/aluminium based composite material goods that the coal fly ash hollow micro bead with two kinds of size ranges of the present invention makes.
Embodiment 2
The manufacturing process of hollow micro bead/aluminium based composite material as shown in Figure 1, it comprises: the classification of powdered coal ash, by classification, can obtain two kinds of cenosphere materials to the first level flour coal ash by air classification with revolving to shake to sieve, particle diameter is respectively 0.5~5 μ m, 20~100 μ m; The cenosphere material of above-mentioned two kinds of size ranges is used the high gradient magnetic separator deironing respectively, and this magnetic separator is a current version, by magnetic separation, the oxides-containing iron of cenosphere is reduced to below 1%; Semiconductor machine de-carbon, carbon granules impurity are a kind of semiconductor materials, by the friction wheel of semiconductor machine, change the electrical of carbon granules, utilize and electrically remove carbon granule impurity from flyash; It is with containing 10 gram SnCl that sensitization is handled 22H 2The a small amount of block tin of O+40 gram HCl+/liter solution in carry out sensitization and handle, 3 minutes after washings of continuously stirring under the room temperature filter; Activation treatment is at 0.4 gram PbCl 2+ 0.25 milliliter of HCl+20 gram H 3BO 3/ liter solution in 2 minutes after washings of activation, filter; Electroless plating is: 40 gram NiSO 46H 2O+14 restrains (NH 4) 2SO 4+ 100 gram ferrous sulfate+35 milliliter trolamines+40 gram inferior sodium phosphate/liter solution, pH value 10~11.5,70~75 ℃ of temperature, are taken out the back and were dried 0.5~1 hour down at 80~100 ℃ at about 60 minutes of the time of plating; Fine aluminium melts in intermediate frequency furnace, and the limit adds the cenosphere after the processing when stirring with the electric mixer limit, and addition is about 10%; Can pour mold for molding in about 10~30 minutes, mould is twined by recirculated water cooling pipe, add air-cooledly again, make its quick cooling, thereby can obtain two kinds of high-quality hollow micro bead/aluminium based composite material goods that the coal fly ash hollow micro bead with two kinds of size ranges of the present invention makes.
Embodiment 3
The manufacturing process of hollow micro bead/aluminium based composite material as shown in Figure 1, it comprises: the classification of powdered coal ash, by classification, can obtain two kinds of cenosphere materials to the first level flour coal ash by air classification with revolving to shake to sieve, particle diameter is respectively 0.5~5 μ m, 20~100 μ m; The cenosphere material of above-mentioned two kinds of size ranges is used the high gradient magnetic separator deironing respectively, and this magnetic separator is a current version, by magnetic separation, the oxides-containing iron of cenosphere is reduced to below 1%; Semiconductor machine de-carbon, carbon granules impurity are a kind of semiconductor materials, by the friction wheel of semiconductor machine, change the electrical of carbon granules, utilize and electrically remove carbon granule impurity from flyash; It is with containing 10 gram SnCl that sensitization is handled 22H 2The a small amount of block tin of O+40 gram HCl+/liter solution in carry out sensitization and handle, 3 minutes after washings of continuously stirring under the room temperature filter; Activation treatment is at 0.4 gram PbCl 2+ 0.25 milliliter of HCl+20 gram H 3BO 3/ liter solution in 2 minutes after washings of activation, filter; Electroless plating is: 40 gram NiSO 46H 2O+14 restrains (NH 4) 2SO 4+ 100 gram ferrous sulfate+35 milliliter trolamines+40 gram inferior sodium phosphate/liter 70~75 ℃ of solution, pH value 10~11.5, temperature, about 60 minutes of the time of plating, take out the back and dried 0.5~1 hour down at 80~100 ℃; Fine aluminium melts in intermediate frequency furnace, and the limit adds the cenosphere after the processing when stirring with the electric mixer limit, and addition is about 20%; Can pour mold for molding in about 10~30 minutes, mould is twined by recirculated water cooling pipe, add air-cooledly again, make its quick cooling, thereby can obtain two kinds of high-quality hollow micro bead/aluminium based composite material goods that the coal fly ash hollow micro bead with two kinds of size ranges of the present invention makes.
Embodiment 4
The manufacturing process of hollow micro bead/aluminium based composite material, it comprises: the classification of powdered coal ash, by classification, can obtain two kinds of cenosphere materials to the first level flour coal ash by air classification with revolving to shake to sieve, particle diameter is respectively 0.5~5 μ m, 20~100 μ m; The cenosphere material of above-mentioned two kinds of size ranges is used the high gradient magnetic separator deironing respectively, and this magnetic separator is a current version, by magnetic separation, the oxides-containing iron of cenosphere is reduced to below 1%; Semiconductor machine de-carbon, carbon granules impurity are a kind of semiconductor materials, by the friction wheel of semiconductor machine, change the electrical of carbon granules, utilize and electrically remove carbon granule impurity from flyash.The preparation colloidal palladium, at room temperature, preparation A component liquid: PdCl 2Be 1g; SnCl 22H 2O is 48g; HCl is 50ml; H 2O is 100ml.B component liquid: SnCl 22H 2O is 48g; HCl is 100ml; Na 2SnO 33H 2O is 4g.When stirring, B is poured into A and is diluted to 500ml, mix the back and be incubated 3 hours down at 40~50 ℃, obtain colloidal palladium, with colloidal palladium activation treatment cenosphere, make its surface adsorption one deck colloidal palladium particulate, its activation condition is: activation solution is a colloidal palladium, temperature is 50~60 ℃, time is 3 minutes, dispergation, and the pallamine particulate after the activation does not have katalysis, can not become the nucleus of crystal of chemical nickel plating, divalent tin ion hydrolysis around the palladium grain must be removed glue-line, expose metal particle with catalytic activity.Its working conditions is: solution is the HCl of 0.1mol/L; Temperature is: room temperature; Time is 3 minutes.Carry out electroless plating, the consisting of of chemical plating solution: single nickel salt is 45g/l; Inferior sodium phosphate is 20g/l; Trisodium Citrate is 45g/l; Ammonium chloride is 50g/l; Stablizer is 3.5mg/l; Tensio-active agent is a trace; The pH value is 8~8.5; Temperature is 80~85 ℃, and solvent is a water.Oven dry the oxidation of nickel occurs for fear of powder surface in drying process, add measures such as dehydrated alcohol and infrared flash baking when the suction washing, and bake out temperature is 70~80 ℃.Fine aluminium melts in intermediate frequency furnace, and the limit adds the cenosphere after the processing when stirring with the electric mixer limit, and addition is about 10%; Can pour mold for molding in about 10~30 minutes, mould is twined by recirculated water cooling pipe, add air-cooledly again, make its quick cooling, thereby can obtain two kinds of high-quality hollow micro bead/aluminium based composite material goods that the coal fly ash hollow micro bead with two kinds of size ranges of the present invention makes.

Claims (8)

1, a kind of manufacturing process of coal fly ash hollow micro bead/aluminum matrix composite may further comprise the steps:
(A) with the cenosphere classification in the dust of flyash, choosing particle size range is two kinds of other coal fly ash hollow micro beads of level of 0.5~5 μ m, 20~100 μ m, carries out iron removal by magnetic separation more respectively, by the semiconductor machine carbon elimination, obtain spherical rate at last at the cenosphere material more than 95%
(B) cenosphere material surface metal-coated membrane,
(C) after the fine aluminium fusing, under 300~3000 rev/mins of stirring velocitys, add the cenosphere of metal-coated membrane, the addition of cenosphere is between 5%~20%, based on the total amount of cenosphere and aluminium, and casting obtains goods in mould,
(D) refrigerated product.
2, manufacturing process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the classification of cenosphere is a cenosphere of producing 0.5~5 μ m by air classification, adopts to revolve the cenosphere that the sieve screening of shaking obtains 20~100 μ m.
3, manufacturing process according to claim 1, wherein cenosphere material surface metal-coated membrane may further comprise the steps:
(a) with the solution that contains tin protochloride, hydrochloric acid and block tin the cenosphere material being carried out sensitization handles;
(b) with containing lead chloride, hydrochloric acid and H 3BO 3Solution activate;
(c) carry out electroless plating with the solution that contains nickel sulfate hexahydrate compound, ferrous sulfate, ammonium sulfate, trolamine and inferior sodium phosphate;
(d) cenosphere that plating is good was dried 0.5~1 hour under 80~100 ℃ in baking oven.
4, manufacturing process according to claim 1, wherein cenosphere material surface metal-coated membrane may further comprise the steps:
(a) preparation colloidal palladium;
(b) colloidal palladium activation treatment cenosphere;
(c) carry out dispergation with hydrochloric acid;
(d) carry out electroless plating with the solution that contains single nickel salt, inferior sodium phosphate, Trisodium Citrate, ammonium chloride, stablizer, tensio-active agent;
(e) oven dry.
5, manufacturing process according to claim 1 is characterized in that cenosphere joins in the fused fine aluminium to add under 300~3000 rev/mins of stirring velocitys.
6, manufacturing process as claimed in claim 1, cooling are to adopt water-cooled and air-cooled enforcement.
7, by the resulting coal fly ash hollow micro bead/aluminum matrix composite of the manufacturing process of claim 1.
8, the coal fly ash hollow micro bead/aluminum matrix composite of claim 9 is used for the purposes of the crank connecting link and the aluminum alloy doors and windows of piston of automobile, engine, piston.
CNB011419121A 2001-09-21 2001-09-21 Process for producing hollow micro bead/aluminium based composite material Expired - Fee Related CN1178872C (en)

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DE102005030862B4 (en) * 2005-07-01 2009-12-24 Sintec Keramik Gmbh First wetting auxiliary material for an evaporator body, its use for preparing the evaporator surface of an evaporator body and an electrically heatable ceramic evaporator body
CN100362349C (en) * 2005-07-18 2008-01-16 北京航空航天大学 High-performance trace particle for PIV test and measurement and process for making same
CN101550011B (en) * 2009-05-25 2011-10-05 天津城市建设学院 Method for preparing SiC/Mullite composite sphere
CN102330132A (en) * 2011-07-25 2012-01-25 太仓市金鹿电镀有限公司 Method for making stable plastic plating colloid palladium activating solution
CN104762510A (en) * 2015-03-23 2015-07-08 蚌埠市鸿安精密机械有限公司 Humidity-resistant fly ash aluminium-based composite material and preparation method thereof
CN104762503A (en) * 2015-03-23 2015-07-08 蚌埠南自仪表有限公司 High-intensity fly ash aluminium-based composite material and preparation method thereof
CN104762517A (en) * 2015-03-23 2015-07-08 蚌埠南自仪表有限公司 High-toughness fly ash aluminium-based composite material and preparation method thereof
CN104762509A (en) * 2015-03-23 2015-07-08 蚌埠市鸿安精密机械有限公司 Fly ash aluminium-based composite material used for communication engineering and preparation method thereof
CN104762511A (en) * 2015-03-23 2015-07-08 蚌埠市鸿安精密机械有限公司 Fly ash aluminium-based composite material with high antistatic property and preparation method thereof
CN112225546A (en) * 2020-10-20 2021-01-15 魏淑贞 Silicon-aluminum hollow micro-bead, preparation method and application thereof
CN117089736B (en) * 2023-09-25 2024-07-12 哈尔滨工业大学 Preparation method of carbon nano tube and hollow microsphere mixed reinforced aluminum-based porous composite material

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