CN117886895A - 具有广谱杀菌活性的抗菌肽amp-29及其应用 - Google Patents
具有广谱杀菌活性的抗菌肽amp-29及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种具有广谱杀菌活性的抗菌肽AMP‑29及其应用,具有广谱抗菌的活性,特别是对新生隐球菌抗菌活性最强,并且具有快速杀菌的特性,不易诱导产生耐药性和较高安全性,无明显的细胞毒性作用,环境稳定性强。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物医药技术领域,具体涉及具有广谱杀菌活性的抗菌肽AMP-29及其应用。
背景技术
抗菌肽是一类具有抗菌活性的小分子蛋白。自瑞典科学家Boman等从蚕蛹身上分离得到第一个抗菌肽天蚕素以来,人们又在昆虫、两栖类、水产动物,以及包括人在内的哺乳动物甚至植物及细菌等广泛的生物谱中发现了1000余种抗菌肽。内源性的抗菌肽在生物体内经诱导而合成,在抵抗病原入侵方面起着重要的作用,是生物体非特异性免疫的重要组成部分。
抗菌肽的抗菌活性具有选择性高、杀菌快速、作用广谱和难以形成抗性的特点,这使其成为研究和开发新型抗生素的理想候选。目前,抗菌肽因其抗菌谱广、作用机制独特、不易产生耐药性等优势有望成为抗生素潜在的替代物;
近几十年来,引起了国内外研究人员的广泛关注,目前关于抗菌肽的抗菌杀菌性能、耐药性、安全性、细胞毒性、环境稳定性是研究的重点。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术的缺陷与不足,本发明提供了一种具有广谱杀菌活性的抗菌肽及其应用。
本发明采用的技术解决方案是:具有广谱杀菌活性的抗菌肽, 其特征在于,包含抗菌肽AMP-20、AMP-29、AMP-32,其包含以下项或由其组成:
(a)SEQIDNO:1至3中所示的氨基酸序列;或;
(b)SEQIDNO:1至3中所示的序列具有至少80%的序列同一性的氨基酸序列。
所述的抗菌肽AMP-20、AMP-29、AMP-32的空间结构均呈现α-螺旋和β-折叠结构,其中α-螺旋结构比占最大。
所述的抗菌肽AMP-20、AMP-29、AMP-32为α螺旋肽
一种所述的抗菌肽在制备抗菌药物上应用。
所述的抗菌药物为广谱抗菌药物。
所述的抗菌药物对新生隐球菌、白念珠菌、克柔念珠菌、耐药热带念珠菌、革兰氏阴性菌大肠杆菌、革兰氏阳性菌金黄色葡萄球菌具有抗菌活性。
一种所述的抗菌肽在制备针对隐球菌抗菌杀菌药物上的应用。
所述的抗菌肽对隐球菌的最低杀菌浓度为2 -16μg/mL。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明提供了一种具有广谱杀菌活性的抗菌肽及其应用,具有广谱抗菌的活性,特别是对隐球菌抗菌活性最强,并且具有快速杀菌的特性,且不易诱导产生耐药性和较高安全性,无明显的细胞毒性作用,环境稳定性强。
附图说明
图1 为新肽AMP-20、AMP-29、AMP-32的螺旋轮和三维结构预测模型。
图2 为新肽AMP-20、AMP-29、AMP-32对隐球菌H99的时间-杀菌曲线。
图3为新肽Sub-MIC浓度下作用隐球菌H99诱导耐药性。
图4为新肽AMP-20、AMP-29、AMP-32对人红细胞的溶血性。
图5为新肽AMP-20、AMP-29、AMP-32对HK-2、HepG2、LO2、RAW264.7的细胞毒性。
图6为H99对大蜡螟幼虫的体内毒性。
图 7为大蜡螟感染模型中新肽AMP-20、AMP-29、AMP-32体内治疗;其中用1×108CFU/mL新生隐球菌H99感染大蜡螟幼虫,并分别用3条新肽及氟康唑和两性霉素B处理。(A)药物治疗大蜡螟感染模型的时间示意图。(B)药物对幼虫的毒性。(C)药物治疗后各组幼虫的存活率。(D)2个重复实验的虫体载菌量(n=3),对于每个重复,每组3只幼虫在24 h后处死,匀浆并涂板,计数菌落以确定每个幼虫的CFU。(E)在第5天空白对照组(PBS Only)、模型组(H99 Only)以及药物治疗组(AMP-20、AMP-29、AMP-32、FLC和AMB)的代表性幼虫照片。该实验进行2个重复的生存图组合(n=32),对于每个重复,监测每个处理的一组16只幼虫在7天内的存活情况。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整的描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明的一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
通过对网络数据库、文献、专著、专利的整理,搜集了5775条具有抗真菌活性的多肽序列,在UniProt上随机抽取5775条与这些多肽具有同样长度分布的无抗菌活性的阴性序列作为参照,通过支持向量机对抗真菌多肽建立判别模型。我们的搭建的antifungalwebserver (http://www.chemoinfolab.com/antifungal)已经实现了模型的免费开放共享,开放三个月已经收到1000多次访问和200多次数据提交。我们从UniProt中检索出长度介于11-75个氨基酸的未知多肽序列,共3445312条序列,采用此模型判别筛选这些未知功能序列有无抗真菌活性,结合我们自定义的抗真菌指数(antifungal index, AFI) 确定了一批可能具有抗真菌活性的多肽序列。采用固相合成技术合成了其中近50条多肽,实验室验证其抗真菌活性,最终从这些多肽中筛选出具有广谱抗菌活性、抗隐球菌活性尤为突出的3条新肽AMP-20(YFPPAKRLLNWAKKKVGIKKKKK)、AMP-29(EKKPWARLRFKFKLLKGLAKKMK)、AMP-32(LKKLAGKIYRVLAKL)。
实施例1
3条新肽结构分析
利用NetWheels(http://lbqp.unb.br/NetWheels/)在线软件,对肽Mm-AMP1、Dv-AMP1、Nc-AMP1氨基酸序列中的亲水性和疏水性氨基酸的分布,以及平均疏水性和平均疏水力矩进行分析。同时,利用蛋白空间结构模拟软件I-TASSER(https://zhanggroup.org/I-TASSER/)对肽AMP-20、AMP-29、AMP-32的空间结构(三级结构)进行模拟。结果如图1所示,AMP-20的极性氨基酸和非极性氨基酸分布均匀,平均疏水性为0.129,平均疏水力矩为0.203。AMP-29的极性氨基酸和非极性氨基酸分布均匀,平均疏水性为0.201,平均疏水力矩为0.360。AMP-32的极性氨基酸相对较少,非极性氨基酸占绝大多数,平均疏水性为0.429,平均疏水力矩为0.738。肽AMP-20、AMP-29、AMP-32的空间结构显示,3条新肽的空间结构呈现α-螺旋和β-折叠结构,其中α-螺旋结构比占最大, 3条新肽为α-螺旋肽。
实施例2
新肽具有广谱的抗菌活性和突出的抗新生隐球菌活性
为明确3条新肽对细菌及真菌的药物敏感性,我们采用微量液体稀释法分别对其最低抑菌浓度(MIC)及最低杀菌浓度(MFC)值进行测定。结果显示,AMP-20、AMP-29、AMP-32对新生隐球菌H99和 KN99的MIC值分别为4μg/mL、4 μg/mL和2 μg/mL;MFC值为4 μg/mL、8 μg/mL和2 μg/mL。对白念珠菌、克柔念珠菌甚至耐药热带念珠菌MIC为16-32µg/mL,除了对真菌有较强的作用外,这几条肽对革兰氏阴性菌大肠杆菌(MIC 8-32µg/mL)和革兰氏阳性菌金黄色葡萄球菌(MIC 64-128µg/mL)均显示了一定的抗菌活性。实验室结果证实了这几条肽是广谱的抗菌肽,其中对隐球菌抗菌活性最强(表1)。
为了进一步确认新肽对新生隐球菌的活性,我们扩大了隐球菌的受试菌株,继续测定了它们对另外16株临床菌株的MIC及MFC,结果依然让人振奋,三条肽的MIC值分别为4~8 μg/mL、4~16 μg/mL和2~4 μg/mL;MFC值分别为4~8 μg/mL、8~16 μg/mL和2~4 μg/mL(表2)。AMP-20及AMP-29的抗菌活性与临床常用抗真菌药物氟康唑、卡泊芬净相当,强于5-氟尿嘧啶; AMP-32活性最为突出,抗隐球菌效果强于上述3种抗生素,以此确定了新肽突出的抗隐球菌活性。
表1 新型肽AMP-20、AMP-29、AMP-32的抗菌谱测定
注:“-”表示为未测定
表2 新型肽AMP-20、AMP-29、AMP-32对新生隐球菌的MIC和MFC值
实施例3
新肽2h内可发挥杀菌作用
抗菌肽有抑菌作用的,也有杀菌功效的,为明确新肽是否具有杀真菌效果,我们测定了新肽对隐球菌的时间-杀菌曲线。结果显示,3个新肽在2 h内对新生隐球菌H99均具有杀菌活性(图2),而氟康唑仅能抑制隐球菌的生长,两性霉素在4 h可达到杀菌效果。上述结果提示,新肽AMP-20、AMP-29、AMP-32对新生隐球菌具有较快速的杀真菌活性。
实施例4
新肽不易诱导产生耐药性
不易产生耐药性是抗菌肽特有的优势。为明确新肽是否具有耐药性,我们通过采用亚 MIC 浓度新肽反复处理隐球菌诱导耐药性。结果如图3所示,在10代MIC测试中,3个新肽对新生隐球菌H99的敏感性均保持相对稳定,没有耐药现象产生,提示新肽AMP-20、AMP-29、AMP-32不易诱导产生耐药性。
实施例5
新肽具有较高安全性
为了初步明确3条新肽的安全性,我们检测了它们的溶血性、细胞毒性及血清稳定性。我们将不同浓度的新肽分别与终浓度为2%的人红细胞共同孵育1h,以10 mM PBS 和 1%Triton-X 100作为阴性和阳性对照。结果显示, 64 μg/mL浓度下3条肽对人红细胞均未出现明显的溶血现象,HC50值分别为202.96、136.51和141.41 μg/mL。仅当肽浓度为>64 μg/mL时,出现轻微的溶血效果(图4)。
为明确新肽AMP-20、AMP-29、AMP-32细胞毒性如何?我们以人肾近曲小管上皮细胞HK-2、人肝癌细胞HepG2、人正常肝细胞LO2、小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7为受试细胞,采用CCK8法测定了新肽的细胞毒性测定。结果如图5所示,3个新肽在32 μg/mL时对HK-2、HepG2、LO2及RAW264.7均未出现明显的细胞毒性作用,IC50值见表3。
表3 新肽AMP-20、AMP-29、AMP-32对HK-2、HepG2、LO2及RAW264.7细胞的IC50值
为了初步评估新肽在人血清及不同环境中的稳定性,采用微量液体稀释法测定了新肽在不同环境中的MIC变化。 结果发现10%人血清、150 mM NaCl和4.5 mM KCl对新肽活性均无影响。而且让人诧异的是,在10%人血清环境中新肽的抗菌活性反而明显增强,MIC从2~4变为MIC<2,推测可能是抗菌肽与血清中的免疫蛋白发挥作用,进一步增强抗菌肽的抗菌活性。但和其他多肽一样,新肽对胰蛋白酶敏感,在1 mg/mL的胰蛋白酶环境下易失活(表4)。
表4 新肽在不同环境中的稳定性测定
实施例6
新肽治疗可显著降低大蜡螟感染幼虫的死亡率和真菌负荷
体外我们已经确认了3条新肽均具有较强的抗隐球菌活性,但在体内能否发挥抗菌功效尚不得而知。为了初步评估新肽的体内抗菌作用,我们以隐球菌H99为感染菌株,先测定了新肽对大蜡螟幼虫的毒性以及大蜡螟感染隐球菌H99后的时间-存活曲线,在此基础上,构建了大蜡螟幼虫隐球菌感染模型,用不同浓度的新肽干预治疗后,记录每组幼虫的存活率,菌落计数法测定虫体的真菌负荷量。
隐球菌H99大蜡螟幼虫感染浓度摸索结果显示,幼虫注射5×108CFU/mL H99后在48 h内全部死亡,1.0×108CFU/mL 组在96 h内全部死亡,而0.5×108CFU/mL H99组在168 h后仍有10%的幼虫存活(图6)。经查阅相关文献结合本研究结果,选择1.0×108CFU/mL组作为后续实验的感染剂量。
不同浓度的新肽注入大蜡螟幼虫后,AMP-20和AMP-29在8~64 mg/kg范围内对幼虫均未显示出明显毒性,存活率为100%,64 mg/kg的 AMP-32组幼虫存活率为90%(图 7-B)。在感染实验中,模型组幼虫第4天100%死亡,而3条肽均可有效延长感染幼虫的存活时间,其中32 mg/kg组80%以上的幼虫可以存活至第5天,35%以上的幼虫存活至第7天(图 7-C、7-E)。虫体真菌负荷结果显示,所有肽治疗组虫体的载菌量与模型组相比均显著降低下降(P<0.01)(图 7-D)。上述结果提示3条新肽在感染幼虫体内均可发挥抗菌活性,能显著提高感染幼虫的存活率,降低虫体载菌量。
各位技术人员须知:虽然本发明已按照上述具体实施方式做了描述,但是本发明的发明思想并不仅限于此发明,任何运用本发明思想的改装,都将纳入本专利专利权保护范围内。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,本发明的保护范围并不仅局限于上述实施例,凡属于本发明思路下的技术方案均属于本发明的保护范围。应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理前提下的若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (2)
1.一种抗菌肽AMP-29在制备新生隐球菌、白念珠菌、耐药热带念珠菌、大肠杆菌或金黄色葡萄球菌抗菌药物中应用, 其特征在于,抗菌肽AMP-29的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:2中所示。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述的抗菌肽AMP-29对新生隐球菌的最低杀菌浓度为2 -16μg/mL。
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